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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Huîtres perlières – Et la Polynésie française"
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Tesi sul tema "Huîtres perlières – Et la Polynésie française"
Thielley, Maryse. "Étude cytologique de la gamétogenèse, de la sex-ratio et du cycle de reproduction chez l'huître perlière (L) var. Cumingii (Jameson), (mollusques, bivalves). Comparaison avec le cycle de Pinctada maculata (Gould)". Université française du Pacifique (1987-1999), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PACI0003.
Testo completoFournier, Jonathan. "Étude du régime alimentaire et du déterminisme environnemental de la reproduction des huîtres perlières Pinctada margaritifera sur l’atoll d’Ahe, Archipel des Tuamotu-Gambier, Polynésie française". Polynésie française, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POLF0004.
Testo completoWhile pearl culture industry represents one of the dominant business sector of French Polynesia, it still entirelies on natural reproduction and spat collection. A better knowledge of reproduction determinism is thus of particular interest for the black lip pearl oyster P. Margaritifera. This work is based (i) on "in situ" studies of the pearl oyster diet and of the environmental determinism of reproduction ; and (ii) on the application to the black lip pearl oyster of a bio-energetic and deterministic model of growth and reproduction based on the Dynamic energy budget theory. Ahe atoll lagon, plankton concentration and composition fluctations were strongly linked to wind regimes. These variations had a great impact on the diet of pearl oysters which was dominated by nano-microplankton (especially nano-flagelattes and dinoflagellates). Peaks of plankton concentration were assocated with an increased gametogenesis rate and were shown to enhance spawning synchronisation in the population. Eventually, estimates of DEB parameters for P. Margaritifera allowed usto correctly simulate its growth and reproduction and to clearly demonstrate the influence of plankton concentration on maturation and spawning synchronization of pearl oysters in atoll lagoons of French Polynesia. These results provide relevant features for a better understanding of spat collection variability in French Polynesian atoll lagoons. Moreover, the pearl oyster DEB model of adults growth and reproduction constitute a promising complementary tool for the comprehensive description of spat collection variability in atoll lagoons of French Polynesia
Hantz, Tematuanui a. tehei. "Béton à faible impact environnemental pour la valorisation de coquilles d'huitres perlières Pinctada de Polynésie Française". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PAUU3053.
Testo completoThe atolls of French Polynesia, despite lacking terrestrial resources, generate economic resources through pearl farming. This activity produces over a thousand tons of waste annually in the form of pearl oyster shells (Pinctada Margaritifera and Pinctada Maculata). These nacre co-products, with mechanical properties linked to their microstructure, could, once crushed, help address the shortage of sand and construction aggregates in the remote pearl-producing archipelagos. The goal of this thesis is to formulate an environmentally friendly concrete for the people of Polynesia, with a skeleton entirely composed of local pearl farming co-products.These shells, often exposed to tropical weather, can present varying levels of degradation. A comparison of the performances of fresh and degraded nacre revealed that the absence of organic matter in their matrix leads to reduced tensile strength and elongation at break. However, even in this state, nacre retains high performance among mollusk-synthesized materials.In addition, a comparison of mortars composed of 100% granular skeletons made from crushed shells (Pinctada Margaritifera, Pinctada Maculata, but also Crassostrea Gigas and Pecten Maximus) showed that the most efficient material is not necessarily the one made from the strongest shells, but rather from those with the most complex geometry. Moreover, the generally flat shape of crushed shells leads to a significant decrease in the compactness of the granular skeleton, which can negatively impact the concrete's properties. To reduce the void volume between grains, grinding parameters were optimized to achieve a blend of two granular classes with the lowest possible porosity.Even when optimized, granular skeletons composed of 100% crushed shells still exhibit intergranular porosity above 45%. Under these conditions, it is necessary to add a substantial amount of inert filler to maintain an acceptable cement quantity while filling all the intergranular voids. This addition, which dries out the filler paste, required a significant adjustment in the water quantity, depending on the porosity of the inert filler used. This methodology allowed the transition from unoptimized shell concrete, with very low compressive strength (2-5 MPa), to a much more efficient concrete with compressive strength exceeding 20 MPa.Looking ahead to the continuation of the project, which will take place in Polynesia beyond this thesis, knowledge transfer from the laboratory to socio-economic actors has begun using formulations incorporating co-products of oyster shells from Arcachon (Crassostrea Gigas), abundant in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, where most of the thesis work was conducted. The environmental impact on concrete structures made from crushed oyster shells, placed on the Île de Ré under real-world conditions with the aim of installing future boat moorings, was first studied. Next, a non-structural industrial demonstrator, consisting of a pedestrian walkway and steps, was implemented at the base of the Dune of Pilat as part of the renovation of the Village des Cabanes, a visitor center for this major classified site. In addition to proving the possible implementation of an innovative process in a complex societal and industrial chain, these projects have demonstrated that crushed shell concrete is mechanically durable and that it is even possible to adapt the formulations to non-optimized skeletons
Rousseau, Marthe. "Structure, croissance et biologie de la nacre". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0008.
Testo completoSheet nacre is the internal lustrous 'mother of pearl' layer of many molluscan shells e. G. Pinctada margaritifera, the black-lip oyster of French Polynesia, our model. The aim of this work is to study the 'brick and mortar' organization of the flat polygonal tablets of nacre and to understand its growth mechanism in relation with the biochemical parameters involved in the biomineralization. The structural study of nacre was conducted at different scales. At nanoscale, atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals the intimate structure of the bio-crystal : a continuous organic framework composes the tablet and contains innumerable small aragonite crystallites with a mean size of 45nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that this intracrystalline organic matrix is crystallized and behaves as a single crystal at the scale of the tablet, exactly as the mineral phase aragonite. X-ray diffraction shows, thanks to the pole figure technique, that the crystallographic orientation of the tablets are all aligned parallel to each other with their c axis perpendicular to the polygonal base and their b axis radial (i. E. The direction of extension of each layer). The growth mechanism was studied with a particular attention to elucidate the "mineral-bridge" model, recently proposed for nacre of Haliotis or Mytilus. Our observations invalidate this model : the organic matrix is the continuous phase within the tablet whereas the mineral phase is discontinuous. In Pinctada from one row to the next, bridges exist but they are completely organic. Our conclusions point out that the intracrystalline organic matrix behaves as a template for crystal formation by a heteroepitaxial mechanism. In sheet nacre, biomineralization takes place in 5 main steps : (i) the discharge of the extra-pallial fluid, (ii) the shaping of this fluid as a film (compartment), (iii) nucleation, (iv) growth of the tablets, and finally (v) the complete mineralization of the compartment. Growth and development of the platelets can be modeled as a Voronoi diagram. This growth is deduced to occur following a self-ordering process within the film (theory of the open compartment). Our experimental evidences provide a dynamic morphogenetic model of the growth front. It is characterized by its 'stairs-like' structure. The mineralization front involves the whole surface of the shell, simultaneously. This model helps to understand for example, how the signal for nucleation occurs or how the extension in the front of the shell and the thickening at the back occur together. The important issue of calcium and carbonate transport during crystal formation was studied in pearl oysters during the phase of active growth. The carbonic anhydrase activity and the various levels of calciotropic hormones in hemolymph and tissues could be measured. The circulating concentration of calcium could be characterized in the three main organs : gill, hemolymph and mantle. Furthermore are emphasized the relationships between the laminar structure of nacre with its optical properties. When the layers are parallel to the surface and their thickness is comparable to the wavelength of visible light, interference phenomena occur producing colors which vary with the in French the 'orient' of the mother of pearl. Incidence. This iridescence phenomenon is at the origin of what is called
Prokop, Ingrid. "La gestion des ressources marines en perliculture dans la zone pacifique : au Japon, en Australie et en Polynésie française, les leçons de l'expérience japonaise". Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070049.
Testo completoEven though Japan is the first country to have produced cultured pearls with corporate names like Mikimoto and Tasaki becoming synonymous with the pearl industry itself, little academic work bas been done on the subject with even fewer Works being available in occidental languages. The traditional image of Japanese women divers gathering pearls from the seabed is dismantled in the face of a Japanese industry based on the latest techniques in biotechnology and generating tens of billions of yen per year. Japan's position at the center of the world pearl business bas faded due essentially to the structure of the Japanese pearl industry itself. A structure, reflecting Japan's monopoly of production and distribution, focused almost uniquely on production with an over emphasis on the akoya pearl is being forced to restructure to one recognising competitive production from abroad, a diversification of pearl products and vigorous attention to marketing and distribution in the global economy. The decline in akoya pearl production resulting from a high mortality rate of the pearl oyster reminds us that this industry is dependant upon the maintenance of a marine environment at its optimal natural condition. Production stability is inextricably connected to both the regulation of access to the sea and to the competing alternative usages of the sea which in some cases have brought about degradation of the marine environment. There is a need to readapt the whole pearl industry to a new paradigm: pearl culture is a unique process irrevocably demanding total respect for natural boundaries in the marine environment so as to produce what the market is asking for : quality pearls
Leca, Sauze Lucette. "Etude des epibiontes associes a l'huitre perliere. Pinctada margaritifera (l) var. Cumingii (jameson) dans deux atolls de polynesie francaise". Pacifique, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PACI0002.
Testo completoLinard, Clémentine. "Écophysiologie et dynamique de la croissance coquillière de l'huître perlière, Pinctada margaritifera (L. ) : analyses moléculaires et microstructurales : Thèse présentée pour obtenir le titre de Docteur de l'Université de la Polynésie française et soutenue publiquement le 30 novembre 2010". Polynésie française, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POLF0006.
Testo completoThe pearl culture industry in French Polynesia has shown a rapid increase during the eighties and the nineties, following by a sharp decline for the ten past years. A growing production of black pearl oysters, and a reduced quality of the pearls, have resulted in very low prices. In order to recover a competitiveness for the farms, the research focussed (among other subjects) on optimisingthe growth of Pinctada margaritifera. From this point of view, understanding the effects of the environment on the on the growth of the shell, is considered as a priority. The growth dynamic of the shell was first analysed, by a protocol base on a chemical marker, the calcein. Then we described the ecophysiology of the shell growth, on two different sites (the atoll of Takapoto and the Mangareva islands). Our knowledge relating to the effects of temperature and micro algae concentrations on the shell growth was also developed in controlled conditions. Finally, we studied the influence of these environmental parameterson the biomineralisation. The expression level of 14 genes was analysed into the mantle, wich is the biomineralising tissue producing the shell. The microstructure of the aragonitic tablets, wich compose the nacreous layer of the shell, was also described. The present work gives a better insight of ecophysiological aspects of the shell, fot Pinctada margaritifera. Several tolls are established and some practical advices can be given, namely on preparing and selecting the grafts
Addessi, Loana. "Les principaux bivalves de l'atoll de takapoto (polynesie francaise) sont-ils des competiteurs trophiques de l'huitre perliere ? : approche ecophysiologique". Pacifique, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PACI0028.
Testo completoMao, Che Lydie. "Ontogenie et bioerosion de la coquille de pinctada margaritifera (linne 1758) var cumingii (jameson 1901) de polynesie francaise". Pacifique, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PACI0013.
Testo completoPouvreau, Stéphane. "Etude et modélisation des mécanismes impliqués dans la croissance de l'huître perlière, "Pinctada margaritifera", au sein de l'écosystème conchylicole du lagon de l'atoll de Takapoto (Polynésie française)". Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NSARH042.
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