Tesi: "Ice-sports"

1

Kuisis, Suzan Mary. "Modification of the 20 Metre Shuttle Run Test (20 MST) for ice-sports". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10292004-141657.

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2

Arzhilovskiy, Maxim, e Kirill Priyatel. "Factors influencing attendance of ice hockey games in Sweden". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18657.

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Abstract (sommario):

Commercialization of sport has been growing since 80s and club owners tend to pay more and more attention not just to cups and titles but to commercial success as well. Nevertheless, fans are still the key source of revenues. Besides direct spending while attending games popular clubs and crowded stadiums grab attention of generous advertisers. That is why the problem of sports attendance becomes more and more important though ice hockey attendance is still not the most popular topic among sports marketing researchers. The majority of them cover Canada and the United States while European leagues suffer from the lack of studies as much bigger attention is paid to sport number one – soccer. In the same time, Sweden is one of the few countries in the world where ice hockey might be as popular as soccer. Swedish ice hockey league is one of the strongest in the world but still many clubs fail to sell out their arenas at every game. So the main purpose of this research is to identify factors that influence attendance of ice hockey games in Sweden and reveal their impact on attendance. The analysis is conducted using quantitative methods, where econometrical and statistical approaches are primary tools. In order to test factors influencing attendance a multiple regression model was set up. The dataset was compiled using secondary data and consisted of 1317 regular season ice hockey matches played during 4 seasons (from 2008/2009 to 2011/2012) of the top Swedish ice hockey league called Elitserien. The main sources for compiling the dataset were game reports provided by Swedish Ice Hockey Association and Elitserien. The present study has shown that several factors have strongly positive effect on attendance. Scheduling (games on Friday, Saturday and during Christmas holidays) and rivalry are the most important factors that bring crowds to arenas. Moreover, it can be concluded that higher prices do not affect attendance negatively and clubs can slightly increase ticket prices to improve match day revenues. Finally, on-ice violence attracts Swedish fans while opposite trend exists in North America.

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3

Tsan, Chiachi. "Measuring service quality of professional sports events : an empirical study of Newcastle Ice-hockey Club". Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285581.

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4

Saari, Joonas, e Jonna Tuominen. "The Use of Social Media in Sports Marketing : The Case of Nordic Ice Hockey Clubs". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53113.

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Social media, even though a new phenomenon, has gained much interest in the last decade and has been a frequent topic of researchers. Sport marketing has also been a popular topic in academia, especially in North America. This thesis will address the use of social media in Nordic ice hockey clubs, including the exploration of their social media strategies and effectiveness. Previous research has not concentrated on ice hockey in Europe, nor has it examined their social media strategies. The study is seen to be necessary, especially given the large differences in the European and North American sport cultures and business models. The research was conducted through a qualitative multiple-case study by gathering data from both secondary sources as well as through semi-structured face-to-face interviews carried out with ten ice hockey clubs from both Sweden and Finland. The questions of the interviews were formed by the concepts derived from previous literature and the authors’ own experience. The results indicate that Nordic ice hockey clubs are still partly struggling with their social media strategies and that with the implementation of a clear strategy, including segmentation, the clubs would be able to take advantage of the relationship marketing and branding possibilities offered by social media. In line with this, the authors argue that the social media strategies of ice hockey clubs are not as effective as they could be and suggest further actions for managers to achieve higher social media effectiveness.

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5

Crawford, Garry. "Theorising the contemporary sports supporter : an ethnography of the supporter base of the Manchester Storm". Thesis, University of Salford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366024.

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6

Sundqvist, Charlotte, e Cajsa Ekström. "TRANSITION FROM INITIATION TO DEVELOPMENT IN ICE-HOCKEY; PLAYERS, COACHES AND PARENTS’ PERSPECTIVES". Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-3829.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate what factors facilitate young ice hockey players’ continuation or dropout from sport. The study considers active players’, dropout player’s, coaches’ and parents’ perspectives. The main model that is used in the study is push/pull/anti-push/anti-pull framework (Fernandez, Stephan & Fouquereau, 2006). Other models used in the study are the developmental model (Wylleman & Lavallee, 2004) and the career transition model (Stambulova, 2003). The interviews were conducted with eight participants including three active players, one dropout player, two coaches, one parent to an active player and one parent to a dropout player. Semi-structured interview guides based on Athletes Retirement Decision Inventory (ARDI) (Fernandez et al, 2006) were used. The results showed that friends and fellowship in the team were the biggest factors that facilitate for a player to continue in ice-hockey. Underlying factors that can influence a player to dropout are high amount of hard training and a lack of organization in the club. Factors outside ice-hockey that can influence a player to dropout is his will to focus more on school and socializing with friends outside the sport.

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7

Waldenfjord, Rebecca, Linnea Abrahamsson e Karolina Engström. "Sharing Surplus Energy at Gränby Sports Field : A case study investigating the possibilities for sharing thermal surplus energy from the ice rinks at the sports field". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444198.

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This project aimed to investigate the existence of thermal surplus energy from the ice rinks at Gränby Sports Field, Uppsala. Furthermore, a secondary goal was to suggest a distribution system for sharing the potential surplus energy. To fulfil the purpose, each ice rink was modelled in the software IDA ICE. The following ice rinks were considered: buildings A and B, building C and the bandy arena. Data regarding the total heat and cold consumption for each building was collected from the owner, Uppsala kommun Sport- och rekreationsfastigheter AB, and was used to validate the simulation results from the building models. The results from IDA ICE were presented in graphs that illustrate each ice rink’s total heat and cold consumption, surplus energy and energy balance. However, the results from the models in IDA ICE were not validated within a deviation of a maximum of 10% when compared to the data from Uppsala kommun Sport- och rekreationsfastigheter AB. Hence, the results were analyzed on a general level, which showed that there was a greater need for heating during wintertime, with certain peaks during the coldest months, whereas the cooling is maintained at a relatively stable level throughout the year, but with a slightly greater need in the summer. Further on, there was an identified surplus energy from the ice rinks, in terms of waste heat from the refrigeration systems. During the summer there was a greater amount of surplus heat generated, caused by the greater cooling demand. Due to not being able to validate the models, complementary calculations of the yearly surplus heat were made with data from Uppsala kommun Sport- och rekreationsfastigheter AB. The surplus heat was 1 200 MWh for buildings A and B, 497 MWh for building C and 1 492 MWh for the bandy arena. No surplus cold was identified within the ice rinks. The suggested solution for sharing the surplus energy is to implement seasonal thermal storage, due to the similar characteristics in heating and cooling demand for the ice rinks. The stored surplus energy could cover the ice rink’s peaks in heating demand during winter, which is an energy-efficient way would reduce purchased heat from the district heating grid. For further studies, it is of great interest to identify the possibilities of implementing a distribution system similar to the fifth generation district heating as well as seasonal storage, to possibly enable a direct share of energy between all the buildings within the sports field.

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8

Welch, Taylor. "The Physiological Effects of Precooling Beverage Temperatures on Heat Strain in Collegiate Women Soccer Players". Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5606.

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Precooling is a method used to decrease initial pre-exercise core temperature in order to facilitate a greater margin for heat production before a maximum core temperature is reached. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in physiological and perceptual effects of precooling using beverages of three different temperatures: room temperature beverage (24.88 ± 1.13°C), cold beverage (6.15 ± 3.16°C) and ice slushy (-1.61 ± 0.45°C) in a hot environment (27.88 ± 0.72°C and 35.36 ± 0.83°C for wet globe bulb temperature and dry bulb temperature respectively). For all trials the environmental temperature was set to 35°C with 56% rh. For this study, 10 physically active females (age= 23.7 ± 2.26 years, height=1.74 ± 0.23 m, weight=66.27 ± 0.92 kg, BMI=24.14 ± 2.63 kg/m2, body fat= 22.99 ± 2.37% and VO2 max= 43.61 ± 4.78 ml/kg/min) participated in the study. On three separate occasions participants precooled via beverage consumption over a 30-minute period with a 5-minute rest period before beginning a 45-minute interval treadmill protocol. Following exercise, participants then re-cooled for 15 minutes. Each subject precooled and re-cooled with all three beverages at their respective temperature. Treatments were randomized. There were no significant differences found for TGI during precooling, exercise or re-cooling Mean HR and mean TSK during precooling were significantly lower in the ice slushy trial as compared to the room temperature trial (HR = 75.7 ± 15.7 and 80.1 ± 16.4 bpm; respectively, p < 0.05 ; TSK = 34.47 ± 0.74 and 34.21 ± 0.92ºC; respectively, p < 0.05). There was also a significant difference in thermal sensation during precooling among all three beverage temperatures (Thermal sensation = 4.7 ± 0.7, 4.5 ± 0.7 and 4.0 ± 0.7; for room, cold, and ice slushy respectively, p < 0.05). Mean thirst sensation for ice slushy was also significantly lower during precooling when compared to cold (p < 0.05) and room temperature beverages (p < 0.05). Mean thirst sensation was also significantly lower during exercise for ice slushy compared to cold (p < 0.05) and room temperature (p < 0.05) (precooling thirst sensation= 2.3 ± 1.0, 2.1 ± 1.1 and 1.6 ± 1.0; exercise 4.1 ± 2.0, 4.5 ± 1.7 and 3.2 ± 1.6 for room, cold and ice slushy respectively). During re-cooling mean thirst sensation was significantly lower for ice slush as compared to room temperature (p < 0.05). Results from the current study suggest that precooling with an ice slushy as compared to a cold or room temperature beverage had little to no effect on TGI and a small effect on HR and TSK during precooling. Although, precooling with an ice slushy appeared to be effective at decreasing perceptual measurements.

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9

Gilenstam, Kajsa. "Gender and physiology in ice hockey : a multidimensional study". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Idrottsmedicin, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-30354.

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Background That men are prioritised over women has been called the “gender regime in sport”, and has in part been explained by the gender difference in performance. However, gender differences in physical performance between women and men can be debated to depend on how comparisons are made and on the fact that there are many different confounders that may influence the results. Even if attempts are made to overcome this and the groups of women and men are stated to be matched, there are still often differences in training experience in years, or differences in training load. Women tend to have less experience in ice hockey in relation to age and differences in training conditions have also been reported. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how female and male ice hockey players position themselves in their sport and to visualise the interactions between society and biology that may affect performance. Theoretical approach and methods Harding’s three perspectives (Symbolic, Structural and Individual) were applied on information from team administration as well as on results from questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and tests of puck velocity, anthropometrics, body composition, isokinetic muscle strength, ergospirometry and on-ice tests from female and male ice hockey players. Results Vast differences in structural conditions were found, for example in hockey history and in the financial situation within the teams and both women and men were aware of the gender differences in structural conditions. However these differences were not even considered when comparisons of the ice hockey performance of women and men were made. Nine out of ten female players increased puck velocity when a more flexible stick and a lighter puck were used thus indicating that poorly adjusted equipment may affect performance. Male ice hockey players were taller, heavier and stronger, had more lean body mass and a higher aerobic capacity compared to the women in absolute values as well as in relation to body weight. However, the differences diminished or disappeared when the values were expressed in relation to lean body mass. Men had higher expectations on their situation as athletes and the interviewed women described men’s ice hockey as superior to theirs and consequently male ice hockey players deserved better conditions. Conclusions The views of women and men may affect structural conditions in sport which in turn may affect possibilities in sport for the individual. Gender differences in conditions thus risk confirming the traditional views of femininity and masculinity. However, by moving outside the normal gender boundaries individuals may change the traditional views of femininity and masculinity.

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10

Bottecchia, Raphaël, e Jonathan Slavin. "Overcoming Gender Bias Through Marketing : How to enhance the public perception of female ice hockey through marketing to generate more popularity?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138147.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect gender bias has in sports and howmarketing can be used to challenge gender bias. Design/methodology/approach – This paper will use data collected from 188 surveys from registered fans of the Linköping Hockey Club. Findings – This paper targets why female ice hockey is not as popular as male ice hockey. Theories such as marketing mix are used to identify the differences and similarities between thetwo teams as if they were products. Practical implications – Sports leagues and clubs with male and female teams could use the results to limit gender bias against women in sports. Originality/value – This will help limit gender bias through a marketing perspective, by specifically addressing gender bias in sports marketing.

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11

Noonan, Benjamin Carter. "The Physiological Effects of Hockey Protective Equipment on High Intensity Intermittent Exercise". Yale University, 2006. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-06282006-133133/.

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Ice hockey is a contact sport played in a cold environment which leads to assumptions that players are not exposed to a thermal challenge. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the wearing of hockey protective equipment during an exercise protocol designed to simulate a hockey game would induce a thermal challenge and lead to decrements in performance. In order to test this hypothesis and qualify the physiological responses, subjects performed a standardized protocol performed on a stationary cycle ergometer in an environmental chamber set at typical (12ºC) ice hockey ambient conditions. The simulation was performed twice; once while wearing cotton undergarments only (NP), and once while wearing cotton undergarments and the typical protective equipment worn during a hockey game (P). Work intensity during each trial was held constant and was evaluated by examining mean power output, which was similar under both P and NP conditions (348.2 W vs 352.08 W, P > 0.05) P vs NP, respectively. Body (37.18 ºC vs 36.58 ºC) and skin temperatures (34.12 ºC vs 28.85 ºC) were elevated in P vs NP, respectively (P<0.05). Core temperatures (37.50 ºC vs 37.41ºC) displayed a trend towards being higher in P vs NP particularly during the third period of simulation (P = 0.053). Sweat loss as a percent of body mass was greater in P vs NP (2.57% vs 1.18%, respectively P<0.05), which led to an increase in plasma osmolality (287 vs 283 mosmol/kg H2O, respectively P<0.05) working heart rate (83.7% vs 78.8% of maximum heart rate), resting heart rate (63.4% and 55.9% of maximum heart rate), and urine specific gravity (1.026 vs 1.017) for P vs NP respectively (each P<0.05). The drop-off in power from pre to post simulated game was examined in both conditions by the use of five repeated maximal six second sprints interspersed with 24 seconds of recovery. The drop-off in both peak (12.0% vs 0.2%) and mean power (14.5% vs 2.7%) was greater in P versus NP (P<0.05). Plasma lactate concentration was higher following the simulated game in P vs NP (9.64 vs 5.96 mmol/L, P<0.05) as was plasma norepinephrine (2274.0 vs 1366.9 pg/ml, P<0.05). Rating of Perceived Exertion increased by 30-53% in the P condition (P<0.05) even though power outputs were equivalent. The elevated body temperature and increased water loss appeared to increase glycolytic flux, which when coupled with the consequences of thermal stress, reduced power output and led to the perception of elevated work intensities during the simulated game.

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12

Göransson, Johan, e Henrik Lundgren. ""Eftersom det är en lagidrott förväntar sig spelarna att någon bestämmer" : En kartläggning av kunskaperna rörande träningsmetodik inom svensk pojkishockey". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik, psykologi och idrottsvetenskap, PPI, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-11818.

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13

Olsson, Denise, e Olivia Torstensson. "Är det lugnt om jag kallar er grabbar? : en studie om hur genus görs inom hockey". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29246.

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Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur hockeyfältet gör skillnad mellan kön och vidare undersöka hur genus görs inom hockey. Detta genom kvalitativa intervjuer med tränare samt genom observationer av spelare i blandlag. Skillnader som fältet gör gäller främst resursfördelning och regelskillnader mellan tjejer och killar samt en uppdelning av könen i olika lag efter en viss ålder och nivå. Skillnader görs även med utgångspunkt i sexualitet utifrån en heterosexuell norm. Hur genus görs av tränare är främst genom förväntningar och föreställningar om agerande, vilka förklaras utifrån biologiskt kön, och genom föreställningar om kvinnlighet och manlighet samt genom spelares agerande utifrån dessa förväntningar och föreställningar. Genus konstrueras av tränare och spelare genom en uppfattning om heterosexualitet som norm inom fältet, genom sexism, homofobi och homosocialitet.
The purpose of this essay is to examine how the ice-hockey field creates a difference between females and males, and further on analyze how gender is constructed in the game of ice-hockey. The research is based on qualitative interviews with coaches and observations of mixed-gender ice-hockey teams. The differences between genders that are constructed by the field are mostly shown through the distribution of financial resources and regulatory differences between girls and boys, as well as through the separation of the sexes into different teams based on their age and level. Differences are also constructed on the basis of sexuality, originated from a heterosexual norm. Gender is also constructed by coaches that often form expectations and beliefs of a player’s performance based on their biological sex, which involves expectations of femininity and masculinity. Gender is also constructed by coaches and players based on an assumption of the heterosexual norm within the field shown through sexism, homophobia and homosociality.

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14

Bilander, Jonas. "Avhopp bland ishockeyungdomar : En intervjustudie om hur ischokeyföreningar arbetar för att motverka avhopp i ungdomsishockey i Ångermanland". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-93449.

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Ångermanland has at the last five years lost 420 hockey players. This is a qualitative study that focus on investigating the main problems of dropouts among young hockey players and how ice hockey associations in Ångermanland act to find solutions to the problem. The main questions of the study are: How can the dropout problems in Ångermanland be understood or explained in terms of youth operators' perspective and what are the potential strategies that the ice hockey associations are using to deal with the dropout problem and what approaches to youth hockey is reflected in the youth operators' statements? The study was based on semi-structure interviews with 6 different ice hockey sports clubs in Ångermanland. The results showed that the leadership programs ought to be more educational, and more oriented toward understanding the children instead of mainly technical learning objectives about how to shoot, dribble, and skate. The main reason that hockey players quit playing

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15

Andersson, Oskar, e William Hiekkanen. "Är lågutbildade föräldrar mer engagerade inom ishockey än högutbildade? : Bakgrund, engagemang och intresse hos ishockeyföräldrar". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149433.

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This quantitative study was done within the research field of sports pedagogy, and in cooperation with the Swedish Ice Hockey Association (SIHA). The study was about the parents of young hockey players, and it focused on the parents' sporting backgrounds as well as their commitment to and interest in ice hockey. Data was collected with the help of a questionnaire (n=134) among 5 ice hockey clubs in the north of Sweden. The results show that the majority of the parents did not have a background in ice hockey themselves, and those who had such a background were all male. The results also show other differences between female and male parents in terms of commitment to and interest in ice hockey. There were also results that showed a relationship between the parents’ educational background and their levels of commitment to ice hockey. The study also contains a discussion about its possible contribution regarding knowledge about the parents of young hockey players and suggestions for future research.

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16

groezinger, erich yager. "Relationship between pre-season measures of fitness and power to in game measures for a Division 1 collegiate ice hockey team". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1468855444.

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17

Åström, Erik. "Is there an economic value for elite sports? : The case of Swedish Hockey League". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65826.

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The economic value of sport has long been an interesting subject to study. Proponents arguing there is big monetary return for a region hosting a professional sports team. However, majority of studies done on the subject point in the same direction where it seems economic return are negligible. Researchers even argue there is rather an alternative cost where money could be better spent on other social structure such as education and health care. The value of sport creates both direct and indirect effect. In this essay I will look at whether there could be any indirect spillover effects from hosting a hockey team in the highest league. Due to its simplicity, a difference-in-difference (DiD) method will be used on municipalities hosting a hockey team. This when looking at Gross Regional Product (GRP), unemployment rate and population growth to municipalities without a hockey team. The results of this study are ambiguous and hard to interpret when sign on coefficient differ between variables and municipalities. However, there seem to be a correlation between lower unemployment rate and population growth and an increase in GRP when a team is qualifying to SHL. It cannot be determined whether this depend on economic growth or success of their professional sports team.

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18

Gilenstam, Kajsa. "Gender and physiology in ice hockey a multidimensional study /". Umeå : Umeå University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-30354.

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19

Lennartsson, Tore. "Kännetecken för en framgångsrik coach : en jämförande studie av tre manliga elittränare i bandy, fotboll och ishockey". Thesis, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-285.

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Abstract (sommario):

Syfte

Syftet med föreliggande studie är att jämföra tre manliga elittränares arbetssätt i rollen som coach, analysera deras synsätt på coachrollen samt beskriva vägen till framgång.

Frågeställningar

Hur kan de tre elittränarnas bakgrund beskrivas?

På vilket sätt ser de tre elittränarna på sin roll som coach och hur arbetar de i praktiken?

Hur ser kollegorna och spelarna, i det egna laget, på elittränaren i rollen som coach?

Om det finns några gemensamma nämnare för tränarna, vilka är de?

Vilka är framgångsfaktorerna?

Metod

Undersökningen är genomförd i tre steg:

1. Observationer av de tre elittränarna i rollen som coach under en tävlingsmatch. Dessa obser-vationer är gjorda utifrån ett eget författat observationsprotokoll.

2. Halvstrukturerade intervjuer med en assisterande tränare och en lagkapten, inom respektive idrott, för att få deras syn på tränaren ifråga.

3. Halvstrukturerade intervjuer med de tre elittränarna.

Resultat

De undersökta tränarna har en tydlig självbild. Denna självbild förstärktes genom observatio-ner och kompletterande intervjuer. Alla intervjuade tilltalades av de aktuella tränarnas lugna coachstil. Tränarna är präglade av sin idrottsliga uppväxt, de har många av sina värderingar därifrån. De är kunniga och noggranna i sitt arbete och strävar efter att skapa en positiv och stimulerande miljö. Kommunikation är ett arbetsredskap. Coacherna har många gemensamma nämnare, exempelvis: uppväxtmiljö, långa karriärer inom respektive idrott, engagemang, öd-mjukhet och situationsanpassat ledarskap.

Slutsats

De tre undersökta tränarna har i mångt och mycket samma arbetssätt. De sätter laget och den enskilde spelaren i fokus under såväl träning som match. Vid dessa tillfällen har tränarna total koncentration på laget och spelarna. De arbetar mycket hårt för att laget ska nå framgång. Vä-gen till framgång kan bero på tillfälligheter, men hårt arbete och ödmjukhet inför uppgiften, här och nu, ger troligtvis utslag i det långa loppet.

Purpose

The purpose of this essay is to compare three male elite coaches’ way of working, analyze their views on coaching, as well as describing the road to success.

Questions

How can the background of the coaches´ be described?

What are the three coaches’ views on coaching, and how do they coach in real life?

What do team colleagues and team players think of their trainer, as a coach?

If there are any common factors for the coaches, could they be identified?

What are the factors for success?

Method

This study focuses on bandy, soccer and ice hockey and is carried out in three steps:

1) Through observations of the trainers in their roles as coaches during a

competition match.

2) Through semi structured interviews with one team colleague and one

team player from each sport.

3) Through semi structured interviews with the three coaches themselves.

Result

The coaches have a clear self-image, which was confirmed through observation and supplementary interviews. All the interviewees like the coaches’ calm coaching style. The coaches are formed by their athletic upbringing, from which many of their values have derived. They are knowledgeable and precise in their work, and strive to create a positive and stimulating environment. Communication is a basic work tool. The three coaches have many things in common, for example upbringing, long careers, commitment, a humble attitude and well-adjusted leadership.

Conclusion

The coaches’ way of working is, in many respects, carried out in the same way. They put the team and the individual player in focus, both during practice and matches. They work hard in order for the team to reach success. The road to success can depend on chance, but hard work and a humble attitude toward the task will most likely yield better results in the long run.

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20

Dahlén, Sara. "Injuries and Illnesses in Swedish Para Athletes During the Paralympic Games 2012-2018". Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för fysisk aktivitet och hälsa, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-6755.

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Aim: The aim of the study was to analyse the injuries and illnesses in Swedish Para athletes during four Paralympic Games (PG), 2012-2018. The research questions (RQ) were: 1) what was the injury incident rate (IR), and which anatomical areas were affected by injuries? 2) what was the illness IR and which physiological systems were affected by illnesses? 3) did the injury and illness IR differ between the Swedish delegation and the reference group (RG), where most athletes participating in the four PGs were included? 4) were there any associations between injury and illness IR and subgroups of athletes? Method: A retrospective analysis of data from a large ongoing prospective study of injuries and illnesses initiated by the International Paralympic Committee in 2012. Data from 157 Swedish Paralympic athletes were analysed and compared to previous results from the RG. For RQ1, 2 and 3, injuries and illnesses were reported as IR, calculated per 1000 athlete days, in the Swedish delegations (RQ1-3) and compared to the RG (RQ3). For RQ4, a univariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to find possible associations between risk of injury and illness, and subgroups. Results: The injury IR in Swedish athletes varied between the four PGs, from 2.5 to 59.5 per 1000 athlete days. Most injuries occurred in the upper limb. There was a particularly high occurrence of injuries in Para ice hockey players. The illness IR varied from 3.6 per 1000 athlete days in London (2012), to 39.5 in Sochi (2014). The respiratory tract was most affected by illness, in both Swedish athletes and the RG. Most injuries and illnesses in the Swedish delegation were acute onset, but only a minority led to days lost from training and competition. The Swedish delegation had a lower injury IR per 1000 athlete days compared to the RG in all PGs, except for Pyeongchang (2018), where they had an almost three times higher IR. The illness IR for the Swedish delegation was, compared to the RG, lower in London (2012), the same in Rio (2016) and higher in both Sochi (2014) and Pyeongchang (2018). Participation in the Winter Games was associated with a higher risk for both injury and illness compared to the Summer Games. There was also an increased risk of injury for athletes in a contact sport compared to a non-contact sport. Conclusions: This thesis indicates that there is a need to continue monitoring Para athletes, both during and between competitions, to get more knowledge about injury and illness incidence patterns, as well as preventable risk factors. The latter would be especially important for Para ice hockey. It is yet to see if the awareness of the importance of hygiene measures and physical distancing to reduce spreading of infections, brought on by the Covid-19 pandemic, will affect the occurrence of respiratory tract infections during large sporting events.

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Lind, Philip. "A study of modelling the energy system of an ice rink sports facility : Modelling the heating and cooling of ABB arena syd and implementation of renewable energy sources using TRNSYS". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40054.

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Environmental issues are important challenges for today’s society. Lots of the energy used by humans comes from fossil energy sources resulting in the environmental threats. A considerable amount of this energy is used in the building sector. Industrial buildings and sports facilities are large users of energy and thus becomes very interesting in an optimization point of view. Modelling of the systems allows for cheap and effective optimizing of the energy usage and effectivity measures can be investigated and implemented. This study creates a model of the indoor ice rink arena of ABB arena syd in Västerås using TRNSYS as the main software for simulation. Focus is placed on the heating of the arena through heat pumps and district heating, and cooling of the ice in the arena using cooling machines. The effect of PV as well as a battery storage in the arena is also investigated as an effectiveness scenario. The results from the study revealed that it is possible to simulate the heating demand for the arena, accurately identifying the normal demand as well as the instances when the demand peaks and the magnitude of the peaks. It is also possible to simulate the cooling demand for the ice over extended time periods. However, this study could not identify the peaks for cooling demand. It is also beneficial for the system to install PV, but not a battery storage. With current price levels for electricity it is however not a very beneficial deal. With higher electricity prices the investment is preferable. The study also concludes that TRNSYS can be used for modelling an ice rink sports arena, however it leaves room for improvement on that aspect.

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Staberg, Pontus, Emil Häglund e Jakob Claesson. "Injury Prediction in Elite Ice Hockey using Machine Learning". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235959.

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Sport clubs are always searching for innovative ways to improve performance and obtain a competitive edge. Sports analytics today is focused primarily on evaluating metrics thought to be directly tied to performance. Injuries indirectly decrease performance and cost substantially in terms of wasted salaries. Existing sports injury research mainly focuses on correlating one specific feature at a time to the risk of injury. This paper provides a multidimensional approach to non-contact injury prediction in Swedish professional ice hockey by applying machine learning on historical data. Several features are correlated simultaneously to injury probability. The project’s aim is to create an injury predicting algorithm which ranks the different features based on how they affect the risk of injury. The paper also discusses the business potential and strategy of a start-up aiming to provide a solution for predicting injury risk through statistical analysis.
Idrottsklubbar letar ständigt efter innovativa sätt att förbättra prestation och erhålla konkurrensfördelar. Idag fokuserar data- analys inom idrott främst på att utvärdera mätvärden som tros vara direkt korrelerade med prestation. Skador sänker indirekt prestationen och kostar markant i bortslösade spelarlöner. Tidigare studier på skador inom idrotten fokuserar huvudsakligen på att korrelera ett mätvärde till en skada i taget. Den här rapporten ger ett multidimensionellt angreppssätt till att förutse skador inom svensk elitishockey genom att applicera maskininlärning på historisk data. Flera attribut korreleras samtidigt för att få fram en skadesannolikhet. Målet med den här rapporten är att skapa en algoritm för att förutse skador och även ranka olika attribut baserat på hur de påverkar skaderisken. I rapporten diskuteras även affärsmöjligheterna för en sådan lösning och hur en potentiell start-up ska positionera sig på marknaden.

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Bilanovic, Amir, e Christopher Eidberg. "Riskkapital i svensk elitidrott : Framtiden för elitidrottsföretag?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110857.

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Bakgrund: Under 2000-talet har många av klubbarna i både Svenska Hockeyligan och Allsvenskan i fotboll haft ekonomiska problem. Flertalet elitidrottsklubbar har gått från att tidigare vara ideella föreningar till att idag, genom bolagiseringar, drivas som elitidrottsföretag. Ett verktyg som idag används för att utveckla företags verksamheter i flera vitt skilda branscher är riskkapital där riskkapitalister eller riskkapitalbolag köper in sig i företaget. Elitidrottsföretagen påverkas dock av regelverk som potentiellt sett begränsar elitidrottsföretagens möjligheter att använda riskkapital. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera om elitidrottsklubbar inom svensk fotboll och ishockey kan utveckla sin verksamhet med riskkapital. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ ansats där intervjuer har genomförts med representanter från tio elitidrottsklubbar inom svensk fotboll och ishockey. Resultat: Studien visar att elitidrottsklubbar inom svensk fotboll och ishockey bör kunna använda sig av riskkapital för att utveckla sin verksamhet. Gällande regelverk, 51-procentsregeln, hämmar dock klubbarna i användningen av riskkapital, då riskkapitalistens möjlighet till kontroll över sin investering begränsas. Om riskkapitalisten tillåts inta en aktiv ägarroll, ser vi användningen av riskkapital som en möjlig framtida väg för att utveckla verksamheten i dagens elitidrottsföretag.
Background: During the 2000s, many clubs in the Swedish Hockey League and the Swedish premier football division Allsvenskan have suffered from financial problems. Many elite sports clubs have changed from previously beeing non-profit organizations to, through corporatisation, operate as elite sports businesses. Private equity is a tool that is used to develop business operations in various industries, where venture capitalists or private equity firms buys into a company. Elite sports businesses, however, are affected by regulations that potentially limit the elite sports businesses possibilities to use private equity. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze if elite sports clubs in Swedish football and ice hockey can develop their business with private equity. Research method: The study has a qualitative approach in which interviews were conducted with representatives from ten elite sports clubs in Swedish football and ice hockey. Results: The study shows that elite sports clubs in Swedish football and ice hockey should be able to use venture capital to develop their business. Current regulations, the 51-percent rule, inhibits the clubs in their use of private equity, since venture capitalists are limited in their possibility to control their investment. If the venture capitalist is allowed to take on an active ownership role, we see the use of private equity as a opportunity to develop the business in today's elite sports businesses.

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Malmquist, Patrick, e Jonas Olovsson. "Föräldrars ishockeyhabitus och deras barns deltagande : Vilka ges möjlighet att spela ishockey". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149427.

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Rooted and centered within a Bourdieu-inspired understanding of how the habitus and social class of parents affects childrens’ sports choices, this paper contributes to a greater appreciation of how social capital and social background impact a family’s ability to practice the sport of ice-hockey. Historically, there has been a significant amount of research investigating the reasons for- and rates of- dropout from sports participation, but few attempts has been undertaken to study athletes who begin and continue to actively play a certain sport. Through the creation of an index which measures different variables, this paper introduces the concept of an ice-hockey habitus. This habitus was used to compare the education, occupations, economic wealth and other demographic parameters of parents of ice-hockey-playing children. With that in mind, the aim of this paper was to investigate what characterizes ice-hockey playing childrens’ parents. The results were found through looking at the above-mentioned demographics in relation to previous research, and, briefly, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Additionally, a further aim is to document the demographics of the parents of continual-participation among young ice-hockey players. To do so, a quantitative research method was utilized, through which a web-based questionnaire was formed and used as foundation for the gathering of the empirical data. The total amount of responses amounted to n=576, from four disparate cities within a geographical distribution from south to north. The findings showed that there was a correlation between families with ice-hockey playing children and highly educated parents (in some areas more than double the Swedish average) and economic wealth (as more than four out of five families earns equal to- or higher than the Swedish average). The findings also showed that for the ice-hockey habitus, level of education did not affect mothers’ index level. For the fathers’ index, the amount of highly educated fathers decreased as the ice-hockey habitus increased. A further correlation found was that as ice-hockey habitus increased, so did the amount of families with higher economic wealth.

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Berglund, Mathias. "BOOOM! JAAA! MÅÅÅL! : En kvalitativ studie om hur retoriska strategier används av herrishockeyföreningar på Twitter under matcher och hur det påverkar kommunikationen med fansen och andra". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33154.

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”BOOOM!”, ”JAAA”, ”Han gräver in pucken”, ”Hugger på en retur”. Ja, så kan det se ut när du besöker en ishockeyförenings twitterkonto under en match. Denna uppsats syfte är att se vilka retoriska strategier som herrishockeyföreningar i SHL, Svenska Hockeyligan, använder i tweets under matcher samt hur detta påverkar kommunikation med deras fans och annan publik. De retoriska begrepp som används för att uppnå syftet är den retoriska situationen, de tre övertygelsemedlen ethos, pathos och logos, troperna metafor, metonymi, synekdoke och ironi samt decorum. Det teoretiska begreppet framing används för att undersöka hur dessa tweets ramar in vissa händelser i återberättandet av matcherna medan vissa händelser stängs ute och hur detta påverkar mottagarna. Resultatet visar att retoriska begrepp används i relativ hög grad bland ishockeyföreningarna som undersökts. Dessutom används ett språk specifikt för ishockey som innebär att föreningarna anpassar sitt språk väl till målgruppen. Det visar också att föreningarna ofta lyfter fram sitt eget lag och att rapporteringen av matchen inte är helt objektiv och att endast det som sticker ut i matchen syns i tweetsen.
”BOOOM!”, ”YEEES!”, ”He digs the puck into the goal”, ”Chopping on a rebound”. That is how it can look like when you watch an ice hockey club’s twitter account during a game. The purpose of this essay is to see which rhetorical strategies the hockey clubs in the Swedish Hockey League use in their tweets during games and how that affect their communication with the fans and others. The rhetorical tools that is used to achieve the purpose of this essay is the rhetorical situation, ethos, pathos and logos, the tropes. metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche and irony and also the concept decorum. The theoretical concept framing is used to analyze how these tweets frame some events in the reporting of the games while some events is exclused and how that is affect the recipients. The result shows that rhetorical tools is widely used by the hockey clubs in this essay. It also shows that a specific hockey language is used which means that the clubs adjust their langugage to the target group. Further it shows that the clubs in a higher grade tweet about their own team and that the reporting of the game is not entirely objective and only what stands out in the game is tweeted about.

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Lahvička, Jiří. "Essays in Economics of Sports". Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199302.

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This dissertation consists of five articles about economics of sports. The first three articles investigate various types of outcome uncertainty and how they relate to match attendance demand, while the remaining two articles test the efficiency of sports betting markets. The first article presents a new method of calculating match importance. Unlike the previous approaches in the literature, it does not require ex-post information and can be used for any type of season outcome. The second article shows that the additional playoff stage in the Czech ice hockey "Extraliga" lowers the probability of the strongest team becoming a champion and thus increases seasonal uncertainty. The third article demonstrates that the inconsistent findings in the literature about the link between match uncertainty and attendance could be explained by wrongly specified regressions, proposes a new approach to analyzing the effect of match uncertainty and shows that attendance demand is maximized if teams of the same quality play against each other. The fourth article examines the favorite-longshot bias in the context of betting on tennis matches. It shows that the favorite-longshot bias pattern is consistent with bookmakers protecting themselves against both better informed insiders and the general public exploiting new information. The fifth article investigates the supposedly profitable strategy of betting on soccer draws using the Fibonacci sequence. The strategy is tested both in a simulated market and on a real data set and found to lose money.

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Alasalmi, Emmy, e Lisa Mattsson. "Hockeyspelare - kombinerar nytta med nöje : - En kvalitativ studie om proferssionella ishockeyspelares engagemang i CSR-arbete". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38626.

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This study examines Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) within the industry of sports and more precisely in regards to professional ice hockey players. The purpose of this study is to achieve a deeper understanding of how professional ice hockey players organize themselves through philanthropic CSR and why these engage in this CSR-work and in turn how it affects their brand. To attain this purpose the study need to answer the following three questions: how do ice hockey players organize themselves using philanthropic CSR, what motivates them to do philanthropic CSR-work and lastly how is their brand affected by doing philanthropic CSR.To achieve this deeper knowledge eleven interviews were carried out to collect the empirical data for the study. The interviews were conducted with a deductive viewpoint which gradually turned into a inductive one. With this in mind the study has been carried out with previous studies being taken in consideration and after the conclusion of the interviews into the position of the individual hockey players. After analysing the results a strong connection between the empirical data and the theoretical framework could be confirmed and it became clear that the players did not use CSR for their own gain or benefits. The motives behind the players engagement with CSR-activities could be connected to their unique prerequisites, but also through the encourage they received from their surroundings. The motivation for CSR seemed to come from the will to transcend into the life after sports.
Denna studie behandlar Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) inom idrottsbranschen, med inriktning mot professionella ishockeyspelare. Studiens syfte är att erhålla en förståelse för hur professionella ishockeyspelare organiserar sig av filantropiskt CSR, samt undersöka vad som motiverar dem till det filantropiska CSR-arbetet och hur detta i sin tur påverkar ishockeyspelarens varumärke. Följande frågeställningar ska besvaras för att uppnå syftet: hur organiserar sig ishockeyspelare genom filantropiskt CSR-arbete, vad motiverar dem till filantropiskt CSR-arbete samt hur deras varumärke påverkas av filantropiskt CSR-arbete? För att nå den djupa förståelsen har empirin samlats in genom elva semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studien har utgått från ett deduktivt synsätt men har gradvis övergått till ett induktivt synsätt. Således har studien utgått från tidigare kunskap för forskningsämnet men efter de utförda intervjuerna övergått till ishockeyspelarnas ställningstagande. Efter en analysering av studien kunde starka kopplingar mellan det empiriska materialet och den teoretiska referensramen konstateras. Efter arbetets gång blev det tydligt att ishockeyspelarna inte använder sig av CSR för sin egna skull eller för sin egna vinning. Motiven bakom ishockeyspelarnas engagemang för CSR kunde kopplas till deras unika förutsättningar, men även av uppmuntran av sin omgivning. Motivationen för CSR engagemang visade sig fortleva i livet efter idrotten.

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Dupuis, Martin. "Ice hockey team captains' perceptions of their behaviors". Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81485.

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Research on leadership in sport has primarily focused on the behaviors of coaches despite the claim that leadership behaviors of athletes are considered by many to be an important component of success. More precisely, ice hockey team captains are recognized as having a significant leadership role. The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the key leadership behaviors exhibited by athletes, specifically ice hockey team captains. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with six former university male ice hockey team captains. Data were analysed inductively, following the guidelines of Cote, Salmela, and Russell (1995). Three main areas emerged from the data analysis which were called: (a) the interpersonal characteristics and experiences, (b) the social interactions, and (c) the task behaviors. These results identified the influence of background experiences of team captains, the types of behaviors displayed, how the behaviors were manifested, when and where the behaviors were exhibited, and the individuals involved in these behaviors.

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Uusitalo, Elin. "Förekomst av hjärnskakningar samt av hjärnskakningsliknande symtom hos damishockeyspelare jämfört med kontrollgrupp". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för idrottsvetenskap (ID), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-68425.

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Bakgrund: Inom både dam- och herrishockey är hjärnskakningar vanligt förekommande. Definitionen av hjärnskakning är att hjärnan hamnar i rörelse av direkt eller indirekt våld mot huvudet. Riktlinjer finns framtagna över hur hjärnskakningar ska hanteras och rehabiliteras och bör tas på allvar då det finns risk för blödning eller kvarstående symtom. SCAT-3 är ett värderingsverktyg vid hjärnskakningar, där ingår en symtomskattning. En hög poängsumma innebär stora symtomatiska besvär. Inga studier har påträffats över förekomst av hjärnskakningar samt hjärnskakningslikande symtom för spelare i Svenska damhockeyligan (SDHL).Syfte: Att beskriva förekomst av hjärnskakningar samt hjärnskakningsliknade symtom hos ishockeyspelare i SDHL jämfört med en kontrollgrupp.Metod: Kvantitativ, deskriptiv samt komparativ tvärsnittsdesign. Ett internetbaserat testformulär byggt på SCAT-3. Totalt 92 deltagare, n=48 hockeyspelare, n=44 kontrollgrupp.Resultat: Förekomsten av hjärnskakningar var 64,6 % bland ishockeyspelare, och signifikant högre jämfört med kontrollgruppen 38,6 % (p=0,013). Totalsumma av hjärnskakningsliknande symtom bland hockeyspelarna (17,6 poäng) jämfört med kontrollgruppen (16,4 poäng) skiljde sig inte signifikant. Vanligaste symtomen bland hockeyspelarna var känsla av trötthet/brist på energi, nackont samt irritation. Vanligaste symtomen för kontrollgruppen var känsla av trötthet/brist på energi, mer känslosam än vanligt och koncentrationssvårigheter. Konklusion: 64,6 % av spelarna i SDHL har fått minst en hjärnskakning. Hjärnskakningar var vanligare bland spelare i SDHL än i kontrollgruppen. Ingen signifikant skillnad av hjärnskakningsliknade symtom sågs mellan grupperna. Symtomen var inte tillräckligt specifika för att jämföra grupper emellan, utan bör enbart jämföras individuellt.
Background: Concussions are frequently occurring in ice hockey, both women and men hockey. A concussion appears from direct or indirect violence against the head, that will cause brain movement, and in worse case a bleeding on the brain. There are guidelines for concussion management and rehabilitation that needs to take seriously as there are risks of retaining symptoms. SCAT-3 is a concussion tool, with a symptom scale. A higher score means bigger issues of the symptoms. No studies have been done on the concussion frequency and concussion-similar symptoms for players in the Svenska damhockeyligan (SDHL).Purpose: Find out frequency of concussion and concussion-similar symptoms compared to a control group. Method: Quantitative descriptive and comparative cross-sectional design. An internet based test, based on SCAT-3, with total 92 participants, n=48 hockey players, n=44 control group.Results: Concussion frequency was 64.6 % for hockey players, and significant higher compared to the control group 38.6% (p=0.013). In total, concussion-similar symptom score for hockey players was 17.6 points and for control group 16.4 points. No significant difference between the groups. The most common symptoms among hockey players were fatigue or low energy, neck pain and irritation. In the control group, fatigue or low energy, more emotional and concentration difficulties was the most common.Conclusion: 64.6 % of the players in SDHL had received at least one concussion. Concussions are more common among players in SDHL than a control group. No significant difference of concussion-similar symptoms. The symptoms are not specific

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Davidsson, Oscar, e Marcus Borgh. ""Vad ska jag göra nu, jag hade inget att gå till" : Herr elithockeyspelares upplevelser av övergången från idrott till karriären efteråt – En kvalitativ retrospektiv studie". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-43876.

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The purpose of the study was to examine former men's elite hockey players' experiences of the transition from sports to careers afterwards. All participants have played in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL) which is the highest hockey league in Sweden. Eleven interviewees participated in the survey, only men aged 35-53 (M = 43, SD = 5.29). The study used a semi-structured interview guide to conduct the interviews and it was produced using the holistic career development model (Wylleman, 2019) and the athletic career transition model (Stambulova, 2009). The results showed that all participants experienced challenges in making the career transition from elite hockey players to civilian life. The biggest challenges were an uncertainty about the future in the form of not knowing what to do after their elite career. The participants felt that the support from family, friends and the club were important resources during the transition. Barriers that emerged were unpredictable transitions in the form of injuries, many participants focused only on sports, did not see that there is a life after the career and that one day there will be an end to the sports career. The coping strategies that the participants highlighted were to use a double career by studying sports or working when given the opportunity, to be aware of the career after elite hockey in the form of preparations for working life.
Syftet med studien var att undersöka före detta herr elithockeyspelares upplevelser av övergången från idrott till karriären efteråt. Samtliga deltagare har spelat i den Svenska Hockeyligan (SHL) vilket är den högsta hockeyligan i Sverige. I undersökningen deltog elva intervjupersoner, enbart män i åldrarna 35–53 (M=43, SD=5.29). I studien användes en semistrukturerad intervjuguide för att genomföra intervjuerna och den togs fram med hjälp av holistiska karriärutvecklingsmodellen (Wylleman, 2019) och karriärutvecklingsmodellen (Stambulova, 2009). Resultatet presenteras utefter studiens frågeställningar som består av utmaningar, resurser, barriärer och copingstrategier vid karriärövergången. Resultatet påvisade att samtliga deltagare upplevde utmaningar med att göra karriärövergången från elithockeyspelare till civila livet. De största utmaningarna var en osäkerhet på framtiden i form av att de inte vet vad de ska göra efter elitkarriären. Deltagarna upplevde att stödet från familj, vänner och förening var viktiga resurser under övergången. Barriärer som framkom var oförutsägbar övergång i form av skador, många deltagare fokuserade endast på idrotten, såg inte att det finns ett liv efter karriären och att det en dag kommer ett avslut på idrottskarriären. De copingstrategier som deltagarna lyfte fram var att använda sig av en dubbel karriär genom att studera upptill idrotten eller att arbeta när tillfälle gavs, att vara medveten om karriären efter elithockeyn i form av förberedelser inför arbetslivet.

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Åman, Malin. "Acute sports injuries in Sweden and their possible prevention : an epidemiological study using insurance data". Doctoral thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-5128.

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Physical activity is an essential component of a healthy life, e.g. to prevent obesity, cardiovascular disease and premature death, of which sports can be an important part. Unfortunately, sports activities increase the risk of both overuse and acute injuries. Severe acute injuries may also lead to a permanent medical impairment (PMI), which may influence the ability to be physically active throughout life. However, sports injuries may be prevented, but a profound understanding of the injuries and how to prevent them is needed. This doctoral thesis examine acute sports injuries reported by licensed athletes of all ages and level of sports nationwide in Sweden, by using national insurance data. Approximately 80% of all the Sports Federations (SF) had their mandatory accident insurance in the insurance company Folksam, and since there is no national sports injury surveillance system in Sweden, this is a unique database, able to be used in epidemiological studies on acute injuries occurring in organized sports in Sweden. The main aim of this thesis was to identify high-risk sports for acute injuries, the most common and the most severe injuries, especially in large sports with numerous licensed athletes, many injuries and injuries resulting in PMI. Based on the results, there will be recommendations regarding sports and body locations where injury prevention efforts should be focused to gain the greatest prevention effect at a national level in Sweden. Another aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a neuromuscular knee control training program (KCP) that has been implemented nationwide to reduce knee and cruciate ligament injuries, among football players in Sweden. After evaluating the validity and reliability of the information within the database based on international guidelines, acute injury data were examined and the results presented in four papers. These results showed that there is a need of injury prevention especially in motorcycle sports, team ball sports, and ice hockey. Particularly, knee injuries need to be prevented since they were both the most common injuries and leading to PMI. The severe head- and upper limb injuries also need attention. Sixty-nine percent of the PMI injured athletes, were younger than 25 years. The injury prevention training program, KCP can be considered partially implemented nationwide, since 21 out of 24 district SFs provided KCP educations. The incidence of knee and cruciate ligament injuries has decreased among football players in Sweden. A concerning aspect is that there is no national official policy regarding sports injury and injury prevention in Sweden, nor an official authority that has the explicit responsibility for these issues.

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Newin, Julie. "Youth ice hockey coaches' perceptions of the effectiveness of a team building intervention program". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99387.

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The purpose of this study was to identify and explain youth ice hockey coaches' perceptions of the effectiveness of a team building intervention program. Specifically, eight Peewee hockey coaches followed the same procedures and implemented the same physical team building activities with their teams throughout the regular season. Data was gathered in a variety of ways. Coaches' answered questions on a pre and post-intervention form for each activity and their behaviors were observed by members of the research team. As well, a semi-structured exit interview was conducted with each coach following the completion of the regular season. Cote, Salmela, and Russell's (1995) guidelines were used to inductively analyze and interpret the interview data. Results of the data revealed four higher-order categories concerning coaches' perceptions of the team building program: (a) coach characteristics and outcomes, which included skills coaches gained as a result of their participation in the team building program, as well as their beliefs, philosophies, and background experiences that shaped their coaching development, (b) team circumstances and climate, which involved interpersonal interactions, internal and external environmental factors, and elements influencing team atmosphere, (c) athlete outcomes, which included the feelings, attitudes, and values, as well as the intellectual/thinking-related skills and outcomes that athletes experienced as a result of their involvement in the intervention program, and (d) program involvement and assessment, which focused on coaches' roles and their confidence delivering team building activities, as well as their appraisal of the intervention program. Results of this study provided evidence of the benefits of a season-long team building intervention program for coaches, athletes, and entire teams. Specifically, coaches felt athletes enjoyed this experience and improved and/or acquired a variety of important life skills, such as problem-solving and the ability to focus and persevere when faced with challenging tasks. Likewise, coaches felt their communication and motivational skills improved as a result of their involvement in the team building program. Finally, coaches also felt athletes bonded daring activities and improved their abilities to work together as a group. The results of this study have advanced knowledge in sport psychology by providing a deeper understanding of how team building is perceived by youth sport coaches.

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Kuisis, Suzan Mary. "Comparitive [i.e. comparative] validity of ice-skating performance tests to assess aerobic capacity". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04252008-135555.

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34

Alvin, Ella, e Linnéa Jarefjäll. "Är det tillräckligt att vinna för att inte försvinna? : En kvalitativ uppsats om elitidrottare som yrke, samhällsengagemang och varumärkesbyggande". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-82551.

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Vinna eller försvinna. Så lyder talesättet och så lyder den stora grundmentaliteten när det kommer till sport. När du kliver ut på planen eller åker ut på isen gäller det att prestera. Men den prestation som dagens elitidrottare står för består av långt mycket mer än vad man vid första anblick kan tro. Sportens värld har vuxit till att bli en av världens största industrier och det tillsammans med ett förändrat samhällsklimat och medielandskap ställer allt större krav på elitidrottarna att prestera även inom utomsportsliga områden. Det gäller allt från att hantera publikförväntningar till att slå sig fram på en marknad där konkurrensen ökar och ställer högre krav på att profilera sig. I denna studie har elitidrottares yrkesroll studerats utifrån ett marknadsperspektiv med syfte att undersöka yrkesutövandets utomsportsliga delar och dess roll för elitidrottaren. Underliggande faktorer som studeras är förhållandet mellan sport och politik genom elitidrottares engagemang i samhällsfrågor men också genom upplevda publikförväntningar och ett förändrat medielandskap. Studien syftar även till att undersöka varumärkesbyggandets roll inom olika nivåer av sportens värld. De teoretiska utgångspunkter vi har haft är forskning kring varumärkesbyggande, sportjournalistik, impression management, Sports Social Responsibility, SSR, och publikförväntningar. I studien har vi genomfört semistrukturerade intervjuer med nio manliga elitidrottare som är aktiva i de fyra högsta ligorna inom fotboll och ishockey i Sverige. De slutsatser som kan urskiljas från vår analys är att elitidrottarna anser att det är en hel del som ingår i deras yrke utöver sportslig prestation. De teman vi har tagit fram speglar de utomsportsliga företeelser som elitidrottare måste hantera som en del av sitt yrkesutövande. Dessa är: medierelationer, medieträning, publikförväntningar, varumärkesbyggande och samhällsengagemang. På ett övergripande plan handlar det om att hantera och förvalta relationer med olika intressentgrupper. Våra informanter ser varumärkesbyggande i allmänhet och personligt varumärkesbyggande i synnerhet som en viktig del av det utomsportsliga yrkesutövandet. De ser tendenser av en individualisering inom lagidrotten, där det personliga varumärket kommer att spela en allt större roll. Informanterna ser att idrottares engagemang i samhället är ett allt mer vanligt förekommande fenomen. De ser främst att man som elitidrottare har en stor plattform som man kan utnyttja för att göra skillnad i samhället men de ser även att socialt ansvar och samhällsengagemang kan få varumärkesbyggande effekter. De ser tendenser av att de utomsportsliga delarna av yrket kommer att spela allt större roll i framtiden och att området kommer att professionaliseras.
All or nothing. This is the saying and this is also the general mentality within sports. When you step out on the football field or go out on the hockey rink it’s all about performance. But the performance that today’s elite athletes stand for consists of far much more than you might think at first glance. The world of sports has grown to become one of the world's largest industries and this, together with a changing social climate and media landscape, creates increasing demands on elite athletes to perform in non-sporting areas as well. This applies to everything from managing audience expectations to establishing oneself in a market where competition is increasing and there are increasing demands on self profiling. In this study, the professional role of elite athletes has been studied from a market perspective with the aim of examining the non-sporting parts of professional practice and its role for the elite athlete. Underlying factors that are studied are the relationship between sports and politics through elite athletes' involvement in societal issues but also through perceived audience expectations and a changed media landscape. The study also aims to examine the role of brand building within different levels of the world of sport. The theoretical starting points we have had are research on brand building, sports journalism, impression management, SSR and audience expectations. In our study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with nine male elite athletes who are active in the four highest leagues in football and ice hockey in Sweden. The conclusions that can be distinguished from our analysis are that the elite athletes believe that there are a lot of different parts of their profession in addition to sporting performance. The themes we have read out reflects the non-sporting areas that elite athletes must deal with as part of their professional practice. These are: media relations, media training, audience expectations, brand building and advocacy. On an overall level, it is all about managing relationships with different stakeholder and shareholder groups. Our informants see branding in general and personal branding in particular as an important part of the non-sporting parts of the profession. They see tendencies of an individualization in team sports, where the personal brand will play an increasing role. The informants see that athletes' involvement in society as an increasingly common phenomenon. They mainly see that as an elite athlete you have a large platform that you can use to make a difference in society, but they also see that social responsibility and advocacy can have brand-building effects. They see tendencies that the non- sporting parts of the profession will play an increasing role in the future and that the area will be professionalized.

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Vanlommel, Gladys. "Participant motives and behaviour in varied forms of Canadian ice hockey". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69638.

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This study examined the multiple roles of adult ice hockey in the Canadian context. More specifically, it investigated the importance attached to victory versus play elements, specific motives for playing, as well as Machiavellian behaviour during play in eight different forms of ice hockey. The sample consisted of 214 players in hockey forms ranging from the least structured and organised, such as "pick-up hockey", to that of the highly competitive inter-university variety. The Ideal-Type Play/Game Paradigm, proposed by Salter (1980), was used as a basis to investigate players' importance attached to victory versus play elements. To study specific motives for participation and Machiavellian behaviour across hockey forms, a Participation Questionnaire was developed by the investigator. Results indicate that, as the activity became more structured and organised: (1) the importance of victory as compared to play elements became more pronounced (F = 11.09, p $<$.001); (2) motives changed (F = 5.55, p $<$.05); and (3) Machiavellian tendencies increased (F = 50.71, p $<$.001). Results further indicate that, across hockey forms: (1) achievement/status (F = 22.68, p =.00) and skill development (F = 22.29, p =.00) motives increased in importance with structure and organisation for play; (2) excitement/challenge (F = 4.58, p =.00) and social affiliation (F = 3.85, p =.00) motives changed somewhat; and (3) fun (F = 2.38, p =.02), team affiliation (F = 3.25, p =.00) and energy release (F = 2.26, p =.03) motives were fairly common and important. It was also found that to improve fitness as a motive for participating was not a significant discriminator since it was felt to be important by players in all hockey forms. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Pouponneau, Clément. "Analyse de l'activité de glaciéristes dans une perspective de conception de matériel de progression pour l'escalade et la montagne : contribution à l'élaboration d'un programme de recherche technologique en ergonomie du sport". Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL011/document.

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Cette thèse propose conjointement d’étudier l’activité de grimpeurs en escalade glacière tout en développant des perspectives pour la conception. Pour cela, elle s’appuie sur un programme de recherche empirique d’anthropologie cognitive énactif et un programme de recherche technologique ergonomique d’évaluation des situations d’appropriation. La première partie de ce travail s’attache à décrire la construction de « l’objet piolet » en faisant le lien entre innovation et pratique tout en déterminant la relation entre pratiquant et objet technique afin de construire les bases d’une « pensée de la technique » nécessaire à la constitution d’un programme de recherche technologique pour la conception. La deuxième partie poursuit une visée a) épistémique en produisant des connaissances sur le rôle de médiation joué par les piolets dans l’activité des glaciéristes, et b) transformative, en développant la situation d’appropriation comme objet de conception. Pour ce faire, nous mettons en avant a) l’utilisabilité des objets techniques (étude 1) puis b) l’appropriabilité de ces derniers (étude 2) pour ensuite c) mettre en oeuvre l’objet théorique cours d’in-formation en exploitant des données issues de l’activité soumise et non soumise à la conscience pré-réflexive pour documenter l’appropriation (étude 3). La troisième partie, quant à elle, poursuit une visée transformative et s’attarde à définir des critères pertinents pour développer le programme de recherche et enrichir la conception
The aim of the present thesis is twofold: first, it gives an overview onice climbers’ activity, based on an enactive empirical research program of cognitive anthropology, while developing a technological research program toevaluate appropriation situations and perspectives for design. The first part of this work focuses on the link between innovation and practice while identifying the relationship between the climbers and the technical object in order to build a technological research program focusing on the appropriation of objects. The second part is an epistemic work inculding two steps: a) to produce knowledge on the mediation role of ice axes for novice climbers and b) to develop design objects for the improvement of the research program. To this end, the usability of artifacts is highlighted (study 1) as well as the appropriability of artifacts (study 2) and then c) the theoretical object course of information is implemented using data from the activity subject and non-subject to pre-reflective consciousness to document the appropriation (study 3). The third section, however, seeks to bring about change and focuses to define the relevant criteria for the research program development and to improve the design

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Westdorp, Clayton Mathew. "The Influence of Focal Knee Joint Cooling on Thigh Neuromechanical Function". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1556626975273872.

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Klouman, Henrik, e Djavid Beljulji. "Branding in the lower level sport club setting : The case of Swedish division 1 ice hockey teams". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18704.

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Background Keller (2009) states that brand equity and the crucial intangiblevalue a brand brings to organizations is perhaps one of the most important marketing topics discussed in recent years. As the competitive market and branding environment for companies are fierce, the sport industry has gradually become more competitive and professional in many aspects of their operations as well. Researchers have gone to the extent of claiming that a brand is the most important asset of a sports team and that the brand provides direction and meaning for sports associations as well as for their followers. Still, market studies have indicated that sport associations often lack appropriate branding strategies and particularly for teams below the professional level, research have been limited in these areas. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to examine what strategies and actions lower level Swedish ice hockey teams use in order to create and strengthen their brand. Method A hermeneutic view and inductive approach have been applied for this thesis. The purpose and research questions of this thesis have been answered with the help of seven qualitative, semistructured in-depth interviews with lower level sport club managers. Frame of reference Theory is based on two approaches to how teams can build and leverage their brand. While a model by Richelieu (2003) illustrates a strategic construction of the sports brand, the Spectatorbased brand equity model by Ross (2006) is more concerned with how controllable and uncontrollable factors contributes to the two main components of spectator based brand equity, namely brand awareness and brand associations. Conclusions The conclusion withholds the answer to the four research questions and purpose designed for this thesis. The findings indicate that teams are starting to realize the importance of a strong brand, particular to meet increased customer expectations for the game experience are considered important to create positive brand associations. An important finding have been the lack of communication and interaction teams seem to have with their customers in order to establish a clear brand identity and position in the market. The findings also indicate some characteristics particular to the lower level setting e.g. the dependence on volunteer workers and how the lack of long-term financial responsibility have impacted the management and development of a strong brand.

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Vik, Jon. "Not All Goals Are Created Equal : Evaluating Hockey Players in the NHL Using Q-Learning with a Contextual Reward Function". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Databas och informationsteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-175149.

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Not all goals in the game of ice hockey are created equal: some goals increase the chances of winning more than others. This thesis investigates the result of constructing and using a reward function that takes this fact into consideration, instead of the common binary reward function. The two reward functions are used in a Markov Game model with value iteration. The data used to evaluate the hockey players is play-by-play data from the 2013-2014 season of the National Hockey League (NHL). Furthermore, overtime events, goalkeepers, and playoff games are excluded from the dataset. This study finds that the constructed reward, in general, is less correlated than the binary reward to the metrics: points, time on ice and, star points. However, an increased correlation was found between the evaluated impact and time on ice for center players. Much of the discussion is devoted to the difficulty of validating the results from a player evaluation due to the lack of ground truth. One conclusion from this discussion is that future efforts must be made to establish consensus regarding how the success of a hockey player should be defined.

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Spansk, Fredrik. "Exploring viewer experience and usability of eye tracking interaction in ice hockey broadcasts". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232853.

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Multiple media platforms today are fighting for viewer attention. Sports broadcasting companies are up against second screen platforms which keep feeding consumers with their constant push-notifications. Both The Nielsen Company and Apple predicts that television needs to get more interactive (e.g. AR, VR, eye tracking) in order to keep up. This paper introduces an eye tracking controller system in order to see if it could aid in this regard. This controller allows the viewer to look up statistics and other game related information on-demand on the main screen. A user study was conducted to determine if this controller could make the viewer have an enhanced viewing experience than a regular broadcast while at the same time also evaluated the usability of the system. 14 participants were recruited for the study, aged between 22 and 31 years old. The results indicate that the viewers have an enhanced viewing experience and find the controller very easy to understand and use. However, the results do not indicate any increase in visual attention towards the main screen. To gain further insight into the possibility of incorporating this system, further evaluation on a wider age group is needed. It is also recommended to conduct further research on the possible usage of this controller in different sports and with various functionality.
Flertalet av dagens mediaplattformar kämpar om konsumenternas uppmärksamhet. sportsändningsföretag ställs mot second screen-plattformar som matar konsumenter med ständiga push-notiser. Både The Nielsen Company och Apple föutspår att TV-tittande behöver bli mer interaktivt (exempelvis med AR, VR, ögonspårning) för att hänga med. Den här uppsatsen introducerar en interaktiv ögonspårningskontroll och undersöker om denna kontroll kan vara en lösning på detta. Kontrollen möjliggör att användaren kan se statistik och annan matchrelaterad information på sin huvudskärm. En användarstudie utfördes för att dels få svar på om denna kontroll kan få användare att ha en bättre tittarupplevelse än en vanlig sändning, och dels för att undersöka användbarheten av kontrollen. 14 deltagare, (med ett åldersspann på 22-31 år) rekryterades till studien. Resultaten ger indikationer på att användarna hade en förhöjd tittarupplevelse och att kontrollen är väldigt lätt att förstå och använda. Däremot så finns inga indikationer på en ökad visuell uppmärksamhet mot huvudskärmen. För att få större insikt så behövs en större utvärdering på en användargrupp med större åldersspann. Det rekommenderas även att utföra vidare studier på att möjligtvis använda denna kontroll till andra typer av sporter och med varierad funktionalitet.

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Kuklínková, Klára. "Sportovně - rekreační centrum Vsetín, Ohrada". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399980.

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Diploma thesis of was preceded by a specialized studio focused on the development of urban-architectural design in the area of "Vsetín - Ohrada". The newly created objects have the a task of transform the whole territory, which nowadays deteriorate. The solved area is separated by the highest industrial zone from the edge of the city and after the connection to the urban area. The whole sports complex is conceived as an independent urban complex, mainly linked to the surrounding nature. These are cycle paths that are designed for the entire area. The center is designed for the needs of the population of Vsetín and its catchment areas. Sports, recreational options for all ages. The grassy wall divides the river from the city and reflects the calm zone by the river, and at the same time divides large flat areas. In addition to sports, the area offers wellness, gastro and meeting places. The advantage of this place is cycling trail parallel to the beautiful nature. Moreover, the grassy wall is used to hide service roads and parking spaces. This ensures excellent transport accessibility and supply, but does not interfere with the sports complex. Wall created from excavations of single buildings and demolition works of the original stadium will achieve a safe transition from one sports ground to another, creating a natural observation post and incorporating buildings and sports facilities to become part of the wall and form a single unit. By embedding buildings in the wall, the buildings visually diminish. The embedded sports ground is bounded on two sides by a rampart and the third by a staircase. It can be used as a grandstand, or to enter the ridge of the dike. This minimizes the need for unsightly fencing on each pitch. With the new concept we will meet the requirements of visitors in the given locality and, above all, the attractiveness of the whole area will be increased.

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Garcia, Carolina Elisa Fernandes. "Do the results of canadian hockey have any influence in sports-related company stocks?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12611.

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Mestrado em Finanças
O hóquei no gelo é considerado o desporto rei do Canadá, neste contexto, o hóquei faz mexer muito dinheiro na economia do país. Este estudo empírico tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto dos resultados desportivos do hóquei canadiano no valor de mercado das empresas relacionados com o desporto estudado. Isto foi conseguido usando a metodologia de estudo de eventos em 4 empresas relacionadas com desporto, cotadas na Bolsa Canadiana, e quatro equipas canadianas de hóquei no gelo, que jogam na Liga Nacional de Hóquei no Gelo, entre 2005 e 2015. Posteriormente foram testados seis diferentes testes de hipóteses do impacto que os resultados do hóquei têm nas empresas: vitória e derrota; muitos golos e poucos golos; e adversário "fácil" e adversário "difícil". A metodologia usada nesta dissertação é a de estudos de eventos, onde são calculados os retornos anormais (AR) e os retornos anormais médios a fim de se concluir se existe evidência de que os resultados desportivos levam a retornos anormais. Os resultados obtidos mostram que existem AR como resultado dos resultados desportivos do hóquei no gelo. O valor de mercado das empresas é positivamente afetado por uma vitória e negativamente por uma derrota. Adicionalmente, uma vitória por uma diferença de golos grande tem um efeito negativo, enquanto uma vitória por uma diferença de golos pequena tem um efeito positivo. Por fim, uma vitória contra um oponente "difícil" ou "fácil" tem um impacto negativo ou positivo, respetivamente, nas ações das empresas.
Ice hockey is considered the main sport in Canada, hence moving a lot of money in the country's economy, more specifically in sport related companies. This empirical study's objective is to evaluate the impact that Canadian ice hockey outcomes has on the abnormal returns of sport-related company. This was accomplished by using the event study methodology on 4 sport-related companies, quoted on the Canadian Stock Exchange, and four Canadian hockey team, playing in the National Hockey League, between 2005 and 2015. The NHL is a professional ice hockey league composed by American and Canadian teams. Subsequently 3 different hypotheses were tested on the impact of the hockey results: Win and Loss; Many Goals and Less Goals; and "easy" opponent and "hard" opponent. The methodology used by this dissertation is the event study methodology, where abnormal returns and average abnormal returns are calculated in order to conclude if there is evidence that sports results lead to abnormal returns. Findings indicate that there are abnormal returns as a result of sporting results. The market values of the companies are positively affected by a victory and negatively by a defeat. Additionally, a win by a large amount of goals difference negatively impacts the stock prices, while a win by a less amount of goals affects negatively the company value. Finally, a win against a "hard" or "easy" opponent affects the stock price of the sport-related companies negatively and positively, respectively. A loss depends on the company that is being analyzed.

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Olsson, Kasper Lundell, e Sebastian Pehrson. "Exploratory study - Outlining the temporal structure of the transition from junior-to-senior level in Swedish ice hockey : Phases in the junior-to-senior transition". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25307.

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This exploratory, qualitative study focuses on the transition from junior-to-senior sports. The purpose of the study was to outline the temporal structure of this transition. The aim was to do this by achieving the following three objectives: (1) to develop a working model showing transitional phases in the transition from junior-to-senior sports, (2) to examine demands, resources, barriers, coping strategies, and outcomes within each of the four transitional phases in the working model, (3) to validate the working model through external validation, i.e. through asking the study’s participants for their opinion on the model. There were 10 male participants in this study consisting of active ice hockey players, ice hockey coaches, and a former ice hockey player; preparation phase (n=1), orientation phase (n=1), stabilization phase (n=5), junior coach (n=1), senior coach (n=1), dropout (n=1). Seven instruments were used in this study, including six interview guides and one working model. Initially a working model, depicting four transitional phases, was developed, based on theoretical frameworks and personal experience. A total of 949 raw data units were extracted from the interviews, categorized as either demands, resources, barriers, coping strategies, or outcomes within a transitional phase, and then arranged into category profiles representing each transitional phase in the working model. Furthermore, an empirical model was developed based on the working model and the category profiles. The results are, among other things, discussed in relation to theoretical frameworks and previous research.
Denna undersökande, kvalitativa studie fokuserar på övergången från junior-till-senioridrott. Syftet med studien var att kartlägga denna övergångs tidsmässiga struktur. Målet var att göra detta genom att uppfylla följande tre delmål: (1) att utveckla en arbetsmodell som visar transaktionella faser i övergången från junior-till-senior idrott, (2) att undersöka krav, resurser, barriärer, coping strategier och utfall inom var och en av de fyra transaktionella faserna i arbetsmodellen, (3) att validera arbetsmodellen genom extern validering, d.v.s. genom att fråga studiens deltagare om deras åsikter kring modellen. Det var 10 manliga deltagare i denna studie bestående av aktiva hockeyspelare, hockeytränare och en föredetta hockeyspelare; förberedelsefasen (n=1), orienteringsfasen (n=1), stabiliseringsfasen (n=5), junior tränare (n=1), senior tränare (n=1), dropout (n=1). Sju instrument användes i studien; sex intervjuguider och en arbetsmodell. Inledningsvis utvecklades en arbetsmodell, föreställande fyra transaktionella faser, baserad på teoretiska ramverk och personlig erfarenhet. Totalt extraherades 949 rådata från intervjuerna, som sedan kategoriserades som antingen krav, resurser, barriärer, coping strategier eller utfall inom en transaktionell fas, och därefter ordnades de i kategoriprofiler som representerar varje transaktionella fas i arbetsmodellen. Vidare utvecklades en empirisk modell baserad på arbetsmodellen och kategoriprofilerna. Resultatet diskuteras bl.a. i relation till teoretiska ramverk och tidigare forskning.

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44

Kuisis, S. M. (Suzan Mary). "Modification of the 20 Metre Shuttle Run Test (20 MST) for ice-sports". Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29104.

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The 20 Metre Multistage Shuttle Run Test (20 MST) was modified for application to ice-sports, more specifically for ice-hockey and figure-skating. Seventy two participants in ice-sports served as the total subject group. Subjects included in the study were National and Provincial standard male ice-hockey subjects (n=67) and female figure skaters (n=5) participating in the Gauteng area of South Africa (altitude of 1497 metres above sea level and barometric pressure of 655 mmHg). The mean age for the total group was 17.44±1.33 years. The research methodology entailed a repeated measures design to determine: a) velocity of motion on-ice vs. over-ground; b) energy expenditure on-ice vs. over-ground; and c) mechanical efficiency on-ice vs. over-ground. The mean velocity of motion measured over three distances (0 to 20, 0 to 30 and 0 to 40 m) indicated a significantly (p≤0.05) faster velocity on-ice (5.99±0.72 m/s) versus over-ground (5.75±0.63 m/s). The corresponding mean time-lapsed on-ice/over-ground ratio was 0.97±0.11. Differences in mean energy expenditure whilst performing the original 20 MST over-ground as opposed to on-ice were measured at low (at 4 minutes of exercise and 10 km/h), intermediate (after 8 minutes of exercise and 12 km/h), and high intensity (after 12 min of exercise and 14 km/h). The mean of the three indicated a significantly (p≤0.05) higher energy expenditure over-ground (14.04±4.86 kcal/min) as apposed to on-ice (10.51±2.95 kcal/min). The mean energy expenditure ratio for the three different intensities on-ice vs. over-ground was 0.74±0.21. Similarly, the mechanical efficiency index over-ground (4.92±0.59) was found to be significantly (p≤0.001) poorer than on-ice (6.83±1.49). The mean mechanical efficiency ratio over-ground/over-ice was 0.74±0.13. Subsequently, based on the above results, the 20 MST was modified by: a) adapting (increasing) the velocity of motion required for each level of the test (distance of 20 m per shuttle); and b) establishing the reliability and validity of the modified 20 MST for use on-ice. The adapted 20 Metre Multistage Shuttle Skating Test (the modified (skating) 20 MST) started at a velocity of 2.8 m/s (10.1 km/h) and permitted 7.1 seconds to complete each shuttle for the first level of the test, which then decreased progressively at each level. This was based on an over-all variable-derived on-ice to over ground ratio of 0.84. Test-retest, on-ice reliability measures (n=15) for predicted VO2max (49.5±8.37 vs. 49.29±7.95 ml/kg/min) showed a highly significant (p£0.001) consistency (r=0.87). Similarly test-retest concurrent validity measures (n=10) for predicted VO2max over-ground with the original 20 MST (48.09±6.25 ml/kg/min) as designed by Léger and Lambert (1982) versus on-ice values with the adapted on-ice 20 MST (49.98±7.23 ml/kg/min), showed a very significant (p£0.01) correlation of 0.73 between the two tests. In conclusion the original 20 MST, as designed by Léger and Lambert (1982) for over-ground, proved inappropriate for use on-ice. Modification of the starting velocity as well as a progressive increase in velocity for all subsequent stages renders the modified 20 MST for ice-sports a reliable and valid test for cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), with surface-specific utility. The 20 Metre Multistage Shuttle Run Test (20 MST) was modified for application to ice-sports, more specifically for ice-hockey and figure-skating. Seventy two participants in ice-sports served as the total subject group. Subjects included in the study were National and Provincial standard male ice-hockey subjects (n=67) and female figure skaters (n=5) participating in the Gauteng area of South Africa (altitude of 1497 metres above sea level and barometric pressure of 655 mmHg). The mean age for the total group was 17.44±1.33 years. The research methodology entailed a repeated measures design to determine: a) velocity of motion on-ice vs. over-ground; b) energy expenditure on-ice vs. over-ground; and c) mechanical efficiency on-ice vs. over-ground. The mean velocity of motion measured over three distances (0 to 20, 0 to 30 and 0 to 40 m) indicated a significantly (p≤0.05) faster velocity on-ice (5.99±0.72 m/s) versus over-ground (5.75±0.63 m/s). The corresponding mean time-lapsed on-ice/over-ground ratio was 0.97±0.11. Differences in mean energy expenditure whilst performing the original 20 MST over-ground as opposed to on-ice were measured at low (at 4 minutes of exercise and 10 km/h), intermediate (after 8 minutes of exercise and 12 km/h), and high intensity (after 12 min of exercise and 14 km/h). The mean of the three indicated a significantly (p≤0.05) higher energy expenditure over-ground (14.04±4.86 kcal/min) as apposed to on-ice (10.51±2.95 kcal/min). The mean energy expenditure ratio for the three different intensities on-ice vs. over-ground was 0.74±0.21. Similarly, the mechanical efficiency index over-ground (4.92±0.59) was found to be significantly (p≤0.001) poorer than on-ice (6.83±1.49). The mean mechanical efficiency ratio over-ground/over-ice was 0.74±0.13. Subsequently, based on the above results, the 20 MST was modified by: a) adapting (increasing) the velocity of motion required for each level of the test (distance of 20 m per shuttle); and b) establishing the reliability and validity of the modified 20 MST for use on-ice. The adapted 20 Metre Multistage Shuttle Skating Test (the modified (skating) 20 MST) started at a velocity of 2.8 m/s (10.1 km/h) and permitted 7.1 seconds to complete each shuttle for the first level of the test, which then decreased progressively at each level. This was based on an over-all variable-derived on-ice to over ground ratio of 0.84. Test-retest, on-ice reliability measures (n=15) for predicted VO2max (49.5±8.37 vs. 49.29±7.95 ml/kg/min) showed a highly significant (p£0.001) consistency (r=0.87). Similarly test-retest concurrent validity measures (n=10) for predicted VO2max over-ground with the original 20 MST (48.09±6.25 ml/kg/min) as designed by Léger and Lambert (1982) versus on-ice values with the adapted on-ice 20 MST (49.98±7.23 ml/kg/min), showed a very significant (p£0.01) correlation of 0.73 between the two tests. In conclusion the original 20 MST, as designed by Léger and Lambert (1982) for over-ground, proved inappropriate for use on-ice. Modification of the starting velocity as well as a progressive increase in velocity for all subsequent stages renders the modified 20 MST for ice-sports a reliable and valid test for cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), with surface-specific utility.
Dissertation (MA (Human Movement Science))--University of Pretoria, 2005.
Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences
unrestricted

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45

HSUEH, CHIH-WEN, e 薛智文. "Exploring the Benefits of Broadcasting Taiwan Ice Hockey Events with the Global Sports Media Complex". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84gf54.

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碩士
國立臺灣體育運動大學
休閒運動管理研究所
106
In the development of capitalism, sports and the media have formed a niche market that adds value to each other's interests. The valued contents provided by sports have become the main stream of revenue and a powerful propaganda tool for media operators (Bolotny & Bourg, 2006). From the three major revenue sources (i.e., broadcasting rights, advertising sponsor and box office receipts) of professional sports can also demonstrate the importance and influence of the media for the sports industry (Wang & Huang, 2015). In Taiwan, only the CPBL’s competitions have regular broadcast in the season. The rest of the sports competitions are mostly broadcasted by mission or played on the platforms in addition to TV. The broadcasting of Ice hockey is also broadcasted by mission and is only available on the Internet platform. After searching related theoretical frameworks, the Global Media-Sport Complex proposed by De Moragas et al. (2003) and is a microcosm of the global movement media mode of operation. This framework is mainly based on the interaction of the broadcasting unit, sports organization, sponsors and public relations (i.e., fans) and is suitable for exploring the interests of each unit on this matter while broadcasingt the target event. Therefore, this study adopted the Global Media-Sport Complex and used the 2017 IIHF U18 World Hockey Championship Level 3 Group as the case to analyze the current status and broadcasting benefits of the focal ice hockey event. The main results were summarized below: (1) The sport organization and broadcasting agency both wished to promote the sport of ice hockey through broadcasting. (2) The relationships and interests of each unit on this matter in the ice hockey event were as follows: The guidance unit provided funding to the sport organization to host the tournament. The spors organization advocated sport policies and improved the visibility of the guidance unit and commercial units by organizing the event. Commercial units provide sponsorship to the sport organization to host the tournament. The sport organization payed the broadcasting fees to the broadcast unit so that fans can watch the game. (3) The benefits between the sport organization and broadcast organization are different from the original framework. In the original framework, the broadcasting organization payed fees to the sport organization to gain broadcasting rights. However, the sport organizatio had to pay fees to broadcast organization for broadcasting the tournament. (4) Government involvement was a new finding of this study. The government was the guiding unit that sponsorsed the tournament for subsidies.The primary goal was to raise the international visibility of Taiwan and to promote the sport of ice hockey. This research hoped to understand the participation benefits of relevant stakeholders by analyzing the focal event. The ice hockey events in Taiwan have become a normal broadcasting target. Fans who are interested in ice hockey can find the channel more easily so as to maintain their passion for ice hockey and to promote the movement of ice hockey in Taiwan. Ice hockey is still a minority sport in Taiwan. The findings of this study can be used as a reference for other sports so that the sport industry can create greater benefits through broadcasting.

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46

Pei-Hsun, Chin, e 金培勛. "A Study on the Violence Behavior in Sports from the Viewpoint of Heroism-Example for Ice Hockey". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wnvzef.

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碩士
國立臺灣體育大學
休閒運動管理研究所
97
Ice hockey is a combination of highly teamwork with fierce violence. The purpose of this study is to investigate the violence factors in ice hockey games. The researcher applied heroism into the investigation. Participated subjects are seven people who were selected from players of the national ice hockey team of Taiwan who experienced the international ice hockey games, players who have violence behaviors and being in penalty box during the games.The data were collection from the non-structured interviews and observations for three weeks. Through the operation of the grounded theory tradition, the three core theories I found: 1. Players were not angry when the violent behavior appears and they were desperate to conquer their opponent. 2. Fans’ reaction did not affect players’ behavior. 3. The main point for being a hero in the team and in the game is because the players show leadership and can lead the team to win the game. and the final conclusion(protect power behavior). According to the researcher’s analysis regarding the characteristic of ice hockey hero in Taiwan, it is hoped that the result may help domestic ice hockey contestants, coaches and the fans transform their current perspectives on mechanical impression of violent behavior in ice hockey, and form a deeper thinking and more widespread understanding regarding the violent behavior in ice hockey.

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47

Linseman, Mark Edward. "Effects of mild dehydration on thermoregulation, performance and mental fatigue during an ice hockey scrimmage". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/2979.

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This study investigated the effects of progressive dehydration by 1.5-2.0% body mass (BM) (NF) on core temperature (Tc), heart rate (HR), on-ice performance, and mental fatigue during a 70-min scrimmage, compared to maintaining BM with a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES). Compared to CES, Tc was significantly higher throughout the scrimmage in NF. Players in NF had reduced mean skating speed and time at high effort between 30-50 min of the scrimmage. Players in NF committed more puck turnovers and completed a lower percentage of passes in the last 20 min of play. Post-scrimmage shuttle skating time was higher in NF. Hockey fatigue questionnaire total score and Profile of Mood States fatigue score was higher in NF. The results indicate that mild dehydration compared to maintaining BM with a CES resulted in increased Tc, decreased skating and puck handling performance, and increased mental fatigue during an ice hockey scrimmage.
Gatorade Sports Science Institute, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

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48

Van, Doesburgh Donne Claire. "An injury profile of ice hockey players in South Africa". Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2535.

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Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 2017.
Background: Ice hockey is a fast paced team sport, played on an ice surface in an enclosed arena. As a result of the high contact, aggressive nature of the sport, players are susceptible to injury. Ice hockey is not a popular sport in South Africa and the environment is unique in comparison to international ice hockey countries. The playing surfaces and ice rink arenas differ across South Africa, which may affect the risk of injury in this population. Protective equipment is not easily accessible to ice hockey players in South Africa and therefore they may be at a higher risk of injury. Participation in ice hockey is developing in South Africa; however there is a paucity in the literature relating to injuries in the South African context. This study aimed to determine a profile of ice hockey injuries in South African players. Methodology: This study was a quantitative, descriptive study that used a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered to 187 ice hockey players (141 male and 46 female) who were registered with the South African Ice Hockey Association. Players were required to sign the letter of information and informed consent form, following which, questionnaires were distributed to the participants who met the study criteria. The researcher was present to supervise and collect all forms and completed questionnaires directly after completion. The questionnaire contained sections on demographics, injuries sustained over the previous season as well as the use of protective equipment. The results were analysed using SPSS version 24 and a p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The response rate met the minimum requirement of 138 males and 45 females. Of the 187 participants, 110 (58.8%) of the participants sustained at least one injury due to ice hockey. Age was considered to be a risk factor in this study as those participants in the youngest age group of 18-27 were at a higher risk of all injuries (χ2 p-value < 0.0001). Although gender was not a risk factor for the total number of injuries, female players in this study were at a greater risk of head and knee injuries (χ2 p-value = 0.0196 and χ2 p-value = 0.0046 respectively). The most severe injury affected the head (10.2%, n = 19) and overall the knee was the most commonly affected area of injury (n = 30). The majority of the injuries were sustained during a game and resulted from contact with another player. The results of this study showed that the use of protective equipment does not prevent all injuries in ice hockey. The type of facial protection worn was a risk factor for facial injuries and the lack of a mouthguard was a risk factor for head injuries. Conclusion: The aim of this study was to determine a profile of ice hockey injuries in South African players. The South African demographic profile of ice hockey players showed similarities to international profiles with respect to age, gender, BMI and player position. The profile of injuries in this study was similar to international injury profiles in terms of site, type, severity, onset and mechanism of injury and regarding the majority of injuries being sustained during a game. Ice hockey players in the younger age groups were at a higher risk of injury both in South Africa and internationally. Females were at a higher risk of head injuries in comparison to males which is congruent with international literature. In South Africa, and internationally, the use of full facial protection and a mouthguard was shown to decrease the risk of facial and head injuries respectively. The South African demographic profile differed from international findings in terms of experience level, total hours of training per week and number of games played in a season. The injury profile of South African ice hockey players showed that this population is at a higher risk of muscular injuries than international players. Larger ice surfaces and flexible boards and glass did not reduce the risk of injury in South African ice hockey players in the same way as it has internationally.
M

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49

Nechvátalová, Vendula. "Prevalence hypermobility a její možný vliv na zranění u hráčů ledního hokeje". Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-351840.

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Thesis title: Prevalence of hypermobility and its potential impact on ice hockey players injuries. Objectives: The primary goal of this thesis is to outline joint hypermobility based on available literature sources. Focus is on ice hockey players due to reason ice hockey is muscle and contact based sport. Secondary goal is to chart hypermobility presence on ice hockey players and detect possible connection between hypermobility and their previous musculoskeletal system injuries. There will be training improvement suggestions set according to analytical study results. Methods: Theoretical part is based on foreign literature and researches. Practical part quantitative analysis monitors selected joints injury frequency and is focused on joint hypermobility presence in selected junior professional male hockey players, 16 to 19 years old. Information regarding injuries where gathered by questionnaire and joint hypermobility test was set by test battery created for this research using clinical physical tests by Janda, by Sachse, and by Hospital del Mar criteria. Results were analyzed in Microsoft Excel 2010. Hypermobility and injured segments matches were further analyzed. Results: Results of this thesis clearly stated the answers for research questions which were placed. Prevalence of hypermobility in...

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50

Velikovská, Tereza. "Mediální obraz devíti mistrovství světa v ledním hokeji na československém a českém území v dobovém tisku". Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-333478.

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The thesis "Media image of nine ice hockey world championships in the Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic in the contemporary press" focuses on reporting on nine ice hockey world championships hosted by the Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic in media. This is done by qualitative analysis of articles in the contemporary press in both specialized sports daily or weekly papers and general papers. The goal of this thesis is to prove how the style of reporting changed since the first championship in 1933 through seven decades to the last one in 2004. Apart from analyzing the degree and target of critique and style of reporting, it also focuses on the influence of current political climate and propaganda in the period between world wars, after the World War II, 1968 Russian occupation and shortly after the Velvet revolution. The reporting period was set at one month before the start of each tournament and two weeks after it's end. In case of 1933 and 1938 championships, the thesis analyzes the following papers: Rudé právo, České slovo, Národní politika. In later years: Československý sport, Mladá fronta, Rudé právo, Svobodné slovo (all daily), Stadión and Gól (both weekly). After the Velvet revolution: Sport, Právo, MF Dnes (all daily). The analysis focuses mostly on the content of the reporting.

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