Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Identité collective – Luxembourg"

The article includes a sample of testimonies and the results of sociological research on the life stories of Jews born in the aftermath of World War II in two countries, Czechoslovakia and Luxembourg. At that time, Czechoslovak Jews were living through the era of de-Stalinization and their narratives offer new insights into this segment of Jewish post-war history that differ from those of Jews living in liberal, democratic European states. The interviews explore how personal documents, photos, letters and souvenirs can help maintain personal memories in Jewish families and show how this varies from one generation to the next. My paper illustrates the importance of these small artifacts for the transmission of Jewish collective memory in post-war Jewish generations. The case study aims to answer the following research questions: What is the relationship between the Jewish post-war generation and its heirlooms? Who is in charge of maintaining Jewish family heirlooms within the family? Are there any intergenerational differences when it comes to keeping and maintaining family history? The study also aims to find out whether the political regime influences how Jewish objects are kept by Jewish families.

AbstractIn the context of growing anxieties regarding the place and role of law in the future of the Europe Union (EU), this article reflects upon the extent to which Paul Kahn’s cultural study of law’s rule could be relevant for the place and role of EU law in these respects. Drawing upon Kahn’s monograph Making the Case: The Art of the Judicial Opinion, this article analyses the Laval judgment for these purposes, as one of the most controversial cases ever decided by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). On this basis, the article shows how the cultural analysis of law advanced by Kahn can help us to sharpen our sensibilities with regard to the deeper layers of moral and political meaning that EU law expounds and to thereby enable us to expand our horizons as well as conversations on the socio-political and economic composition of EU law. Yet this article also raises skepticism about the cultural study of EU law’s rule. Given the diverse cultural idiosyncrasies and traditions by which citizens of EU Member States live, it questions whether EU law can be assessed from the point of view of a collective identity believed to best persuade EU citizens of the authority of EU law.

The latest research on language and identity of Lithuanian emigrantsReviewEmigrantai: kalba ir tapatybė (Emigrants: Language and identity), collective monograph, academic editor Meilutė Ramonienė, Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, 2015.This review discusses the collective monograph Emigrantai: kalba ir tapatybė (Emigrants: Language and identity), authored by a team of Lithuanian Studies scholars led by Vilnius University professor Meilutė Ramonienė and published in Vilnius in 2015. The volume brings the results of studies on the functioning of the Lithuanian language among emigrants conducted in 2011–2013, and presents its situation in North and South America, Australia, Africa and different European countries (Great Britain, Germany, Norway, Denmark, Spain, France, Luxembourg, Italy and others). The study only excludes Lithuanian diaspora in Eastern European countries. The volume is based on a vast empirical base consisting of 20,206 sociolinguistic questionnaires (including 66 questions each) and 177 interviews (conducted in person or via Skype).The authors set out to study the linguistic behaviour and identity background of Lithuanian emigrants, and pursue a number of particular objectives: to define the scope of Lithuanian language use in various countries of the world, to acquire the data about its functioning in different spheres, to identify factors which decide about its preservation, to describe the relations between language, identity and a sense of cultural belonging. All these issues are discussed in different chapters of the book. In their studies, Lithuanian researchers applied very modern approaches, inspired by various theoretical concepts of Western sociolinguistics. Najnowsze badania nad językiem i tożsamością emigrantów litewskichRecenzjaEmigrantai: kalba ir tapatybė (Emigranci: język i tożsamość), monografia zbiorowa, redaktor naukowy Meilutė Ramonienė, Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, 2015.W recenzji przedstawiono monografię zbiorową Emigranci: język i tożsamość, opracowaną przez zespół lituanistów pod kierunkiem profesor Uniwersytetu Wileńskiego, Meilutė Ramonienė. Monografia, wydana w Wilnie w 2015 roku, przedstawia wyniki badań prowadzonych w latach 2011–2013 nad sposobem funkcjonowania języka litewskiego na emigracji i ukazuje jego sytuację w wielu krajach w Ameryce Północnej, Ameryce Południowej, Australii czy Afryce, oraz w różnych krajach Europy Zachodniej (Wielkiej Brytanii, Niemczech, Norwegii, Danii, Hiszpanii, Francji, Luksemburgu, Włoszech in.). Badaniem nie została objęta tylko diaspora litewska, zamieszkująca kraje Europy Wschodniej. Podstawą opracowania jest ogromna baza empiryczna, którą stanowi 20 206 ankiet socjolingwistycznych (zawierających 66 pytań) oraz 177 wywiadów (bezpośrednich lub uzyskanych przy pomocy programu Skype).Autorzy postawili sobie za cel zbadanie zachowań językowych oraz postaw tożsamościowych litewskich emigrantów, wytypowali też do analizy szereg zadań szczegółowych: ustalenie zakresu użycia języka litewskiego w różnych krajach świata, zgromadzenie danych o zasięgu jego funkcjonowania w poszczególnych sferach (domenach), rozpoznanie czynników decydujących o zachowaniu języka, opis związków pomiędzy językiem, tożsamością a walencją kulturową. Wszystkim tym zagadnieniom zostały poświęcone poszczególne części tej książki. Badacze litewscy wykorzystali bardzo nowoczesne ujęcia, inspirując się różnymi koncepcjami teoretycznymi zachodnich socjolingwistów.

AbstractCognition is an essential first step in crisis management. This article conceptualizes crisis cognition as a collective and context‐dependent process. Drawing on cognitive sociology, I argue that governmental structures and culture/identity shape cognitive schemas and communicative practices essential for collective cognition. I apply this framework to compare governments' recognition of the 2015 migration crisis in Luxembourg and Germany, which showed a puzzling gap in crisis preparation. The qualitative analysis triangulates interviews and other sources. In Germany, complex responsibilities, adversarial bureaucratic identities, and hubris inhibited cognition. In small Luxembourg, simple government structures and collective identity emphasizing vulnerability fostered timely cognition and preparation. I consider country size as macro‐level context that shapes government structures and officials' identities, and critically discuss its role as an underlying explanation. This study introduces a sociological perspective on cognition to public administration, shows through which mechanisms context affects collective behavior, and proposes a comparative explanation for effective crisis management.

L’objectif principal de ce travail est de réaliser une analyse chrono-culturelle du mobilier funéraire issu d’une trentaine de sites, pour la période comprise entre le IXème et le IIIème siècle, afin d’émettre des hypothèses sur les formes d’interaction culturelle entre l’espace luxembourgeois et les régions avoisinantes (Lorraine, Rhénanie-Palatinat, Sarre, Province de Luxembourg), ainsi que sur leur évolution au cours du temps. L’exploitation au moyen d’outils de sériation d’un corpus de près de 400 objets (vases en céramique, parure annulaire, armement, accessoires vestimentaires, de toilette, vaisselle métallique) permet de proposer un phasage chrono-culturel valide pour l’ensemble de l’aire étudiée. Alors qu’aux XIème - Xème siècle av. n. è., l’appartenance de l’espace étudié à l’entité RSFO semble indéniable, au regard des faciès céramiques, on observe, au cours du IXème et au début du VIIIème siècle av. n. è., la présence de différents marqueurs culturels illustrant une multiplication des contacts et des échanges avec des zones périphériques et plus lointaines. Aux VIIème et VIème siècles, les ensembles luxembourgois présentent à nouveau une certaine homogénéité, et révèlent surtout une similitude éloquente avec les assemblages de mobilier des sépultures du Hunsrück-Eifel, sans pour autant adopter la totalité des attributs de ce courant culturel. La période fin VIème - IVème siècle est marquée par l’influence de deux courants dominants : le Hunsrück-Eifel “récent” et l'Aisne-Marne. La présence de tombes privilégiées témoigne alors de connexions avec d’autres espaces de l’Europe occidentale caractérisés par un processus de hiérarchisation sociale. À la fin de la séquence prise en compte, la quasi-absence de mobilier funéraire caractéristique du IIIème siècle, résulte probablement d’un biais documentaire lié aux aléas de la recherche
The main objective of this work is to carry out a chrono-cultural analysis of funerary objects from around thirty sites, covering the period between the 9th and 3rd centuries BC, in order to propose hypotheses on the forms of cultural interaction between Luxembourg and the neighbouring regions (Lorraine, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland, Province of Luxembourg), as well as their evolution over time. A corpus of nearly 400 objects (ceramic vases, ring ornaments, weaponry, clothing accessories, toiletries, and metal tableware) has been analysed using seriation tools, allowing us to propose a chrono-cultural phase applicable to the entire area studied. While in the 11th–10th centuries BC, the region appeared to belong to the RSFO entity in terms of ceramic facies, during the 9th and early 8th centuries BC, various cultural markers began to appear, illustrating increased contact and exchange with peripheral and more distant areas. In the 7th and 6th centuries BC, finds from Luxembourg once again show a degree of homogeneity, revealing a striking similarity with the burial assemblages of the Hunsrück-Eifel culture, though not adopting all of its attributes. From the late 6th to the 4th century BC, the region was influenced by two dominant cultural currents: the 'recent' Hunsrück-Eifel and the Aisne-Marne. The presence of elite tombs indicates connections with other areas of western Europe, which were characterised by a process of social hierarchisation. By the end of the sequence under study, the virtual absence of funerary material typical of the 3rd century BC is likely due to a documentary bias resulting from the limitations of research

In the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, the Middle Ages provide several of the most important historical reference points for national identity. This thesis analyses how this period was given its significance. It studies the presentation of several medieval figures through historiography from their own lifetime to the present, how they entered collective memory and a national narrative of history, and how the symbolic values attributed to them shifted according to changing political needs. In addition, it identifies those figures that were forgotten, so as to explore the mechanisms of historiographical selection. The purported founder of Luxembourg is the tenth-century Count Sigefroid, who was (wrongly) regarded as the first ‘count of Luxembourg’ by the late sixteenth century. In his posthumous career he became the builder of the local castle and city, the creator of the country and father of the nation. He is often joined by his mythological fish-tailed wife Melusine, borrowed from a late medieval French roman that already hints at links to the rulers of Luxembourg. The two founders are linked to later themes through Countess Ermesinde. She was a thirteenth-century ruler, rediscovered by nineteenth-century liberals as an early precursor to their political ideals, while a group of Belgian Jesuits used her to foster a pilgrimage tradition. Historiography of the past two hundred years preferred her persona rather than her two husbands’ for creating a continuity within the different medieval dynasties, adding to their national character. Her descendant John of Bohemia was transformed quickly into the national hero par excellence. This process had its origin in late medieval literature where his ‘heroic’ death at the battle of Crécy is remembered. His tomb within the city of Luxembourg helped to keep him in local memory, while the loss of his remains to Prussia in the early nineteenth century created simmering discontent that lasted until their recovery in 1946. Interestingly, John stands for the pinnacle of a glorious age, whereas his successor Emperor Sigismund tended to embody the miserable decline of an era, despite having been endowed with many crowns and titles. This thesis borrows some of its theoretical framework from the study of lieux de mémoire, and makes use of a broad range of different sources, from historical writing to literature, visual art and popular gimmickry.

The Merovingian era is one of the best studied yet least known periods of European history. From the fifth to the eighth centuries, the inhabitants of Gaul (what now comprises France, southern Belgium, Luxembourg, Rhineland Germany and part of modern Switzerland), a mix of Gallo-Romans and Germanic arrivals under the political control of the Merovingian dynasty, sought to preserve, use, and reimagine the political, cultural, and religious power of ancient Rome while simultaneously forging the beginnings of what would become medieval European culture and identity. As a result, the Merovingian era is at the heart of historical debates about what happened to western Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire. Yet in these centuries, the inhabitants of the Merovingian kingdoms created a culture that was the product of these traditions and achieved a balance between the world they inherited and the imaginative solutions that they bequeathed to Europe. Situated at the crossroads of Europe, connecting northern Europe with the Mediterranean and the British Isles with the Byzantine empire, Merovingian Gaul also benefitted from the global reach of the late Roman Empire. In this collection of 46 essays by scholars of Merovingian history, archaeology, and art history, we encounter the new perspectives and scientific approaches that shape our changing view of this extraordinary era.

This chapter focuses on the European Union as a subsystem of international relations. It examines the following questions, taking into account the historical context in which EU foreign policy has developed as well as the theoretical pluralism that has characterized its study. First, how has the EU dealt with its own international relations internally? Second, what are the ideas and principles underlying EU foreign policy? Third, what is the EU's collective action capacity in relation to the rest of the world? The chapter illustrates interstate dynamics as a result of European integration by focusing on the cases of France, Germany, and Benelux (Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg). It also considers the EU's international identity and its role as a collective actor.