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1

McDevitt, Lisa M. "Immunosuppressive Agents on the Horizon." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 16, no. 6 (December 2003): 434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190003259384.

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Abstract (sommario):
The evolution of immunosuppression in organ transplantation has resulted in decreasing rates of rejection and improved allograft survival. The current successes, however, comes at the price of intense drug monitoring, frequent adverse affects, and long-term toxicity. New immunosuppressive agents offer the hope for decreased toxicity and improved long-term results. This article highlights those novel agents that are currently in late-stage clinical studies including new calcineurin inhibitor analogs and formulations, mycophenolate acid sodium, everolimus, FK-778, FTY720, and various monoclonal
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2

Grbovic, Leposava, and Miroslav Radenkovic. "Therapeutic use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 133, Suppl. 1 (2005): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh05s1067g.

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Abstract (sommario):
Pharmacotherapy of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is complex. Apart from the replacement hormone therapy, antithyroid agents, beta adrenoceptor blockers and other drugs, in regard to the present symptoms, it also includes the administration of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents. Physiological actions of glucocorticoids are significant in number, well known and described in details. The most prominent pharmacological properties of glucocorticoids, that are important for their clinical use, are antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive actions. In this article, the most notable clinica
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3

Robak, Tadeusz, Ewa Lech-Maranda, Anna Korycka, and Ewa Robak. "Purine Nucleoside Analogs as Immunosuppressive and Antineoplastic Agents: Mechanism of Action and Clinical Activity." Current Medicinal Chemistry 13, no. 26 (November 1, 2006): 3165–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706778742918.

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4

Valdoleiros, Sofia R., Isabel Furtado, Carolina Silva, Inês Correia Gonçalves, André Santos Silva, Olga Vasconcelos, Ana Aboim Horta, et al. "Protocolo de Prevenção e Tratamento de Infeções Associadas à Terapêutica Imunossupressora de Doenças Autoimunes." Acta Médica Portuguesa 34, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.15625.

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Abstract (sommario):
We propose a guideline about the risk, prevention and treatment of infection in the patient under immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive therapy in the context of autoimmune or autoinflammatory disease. It is divided into three sections: drugs and associated risk of infection; immunizations; risk, prevention, and treatment of specific infections. The treatment of autoimmune diseases involves the use of immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory therapies, with an increasing number of new drugs being used. It is associated with an increased risk of infection, which may be present globally or only for
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5

Bauer, Andrea C., Rodrigo F. Franco, and Roberto C. Manfro. "Immunosuppression in Kidney Transplantation: State of the Art and Current Protocols." Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, no. 28 (August 31, 2020): 3440–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200521142448.

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Abstract (sommario):
Currently, kidney transplantation is the best treatment option for kidney failure for a majority of eligible patients. It is associated with a better quality of life and reduced mortality as compared to staying on dialysis. Many of the improvements in kidney transplant outcomes, observed in recent decades, are due to more efficient immunosuppression strategies. Therefore, developing expertise in the management of immunosuppressive drugs is key to the success of kidney transplantation. In this review, the historical aspects of organ transplant immunosuppression are briefly addressed and the bas
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6

Gorantla, Vijay S., John H. Barker, Jon W. Jones, Kaustubha Prabhune, Claudio Maldonado, and Darla K. Granger. "Immunosuppressive agents in transplantation: Mechanisms of action and current anti-rejection strategies." Microsurgery 20, no. 8 (2000): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1098-2752(2000)20:8<420::aid-micr13>3.0.co;2-o.

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7

Taylor, Anna L., Christopher J. E. Watson, and J. Andrew Bradley. "Immunosuppressive agents in solid organ transplantation: Mechanisms of action and therapeutic efficacy." Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 56, no. 1 (October 2005): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2005.03.012.

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8

Stepkowski, Stanislaw M. "Molecular targets for existing and novel immunosuppressive drugs." Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 2, no. 4 (June 21, 2000): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1462399400001769.

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Abstract (sommario):
Anti-neoplastic cytostatic antiproliferative agents, such as methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine and cyclophosphamide, were originally used as immunosuppressive drugs. Although these agents induced only modest anti-rejection activity, they caused serious non-specific bone marrow suppression, impairing host resistance and increasing the incidence of infections. Unlike these non-selective agents, cyclosporine A, tacrolimus and sirolimus act more selectively on different stages of the T-lymphocyte (T-cell) and B-lymphocyte (B-cell) activation cycles; however, cyclosporine and tacrolimus are nephrotoxi
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9

Tan, Marcus, Thurston Heng, and Anselm Mak. "The Potential Use of Metformin, Dipyridamole, N-Acetylcysteine and Statins as Adjunctive Therapy for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus." Cells 8, no. 4 (April 6, 2019): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8040323.

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Abstract (sommario):
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune condition that can potentially affect every single organ during the course of the disease, leading to increased morbidity and mortality, and reduced health-related quality of life. While curative treatment is currently non-existent for SLE, therapeutic agents such as glucocorticoids, mycophenolate, azathioprine, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide and various biologics are the mainstay of treatment based on their immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties. As a result of global immunosuppression, the side-effect profile
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10

Nelson, R. D., N. Shibata, R. P. Podzorski, and M. J. Herron. "Candida mannan: chemistry, suppression of cell-mediated immunity, and possible mechanisms of action." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 4, no. 1 (January 1991): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.4.1.1.

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Abstract (sommario):
The ability of Candida albicans to establish an infection involves multiple components of this fungal pathogen, but its ability to persist in host tissue may involve primarily the immunosuppressive property of a major cell wall glycoprotein, mannan. Mannan and oligosaccharide fragments of mannan are potent inhibitors of cell-mediated immunity and appear to reproduce the immune deficit of patients with the mucocutaneous form of candidiasis. However, neither the exact structures of these inhibitory species nor their mechanisms of action have yet been clearly defined. Different investigators have
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11

Lu, C. Y., S. C. Sicher, and M. A. Vazquez. "Prevention and treatment of renal allograft rejection: new therapeutic approaches and new insights into established therapies." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 4, no. 6 (December 1993): 1239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v461239.

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Abstract (sommario):
Renal transplantation is the preferred treatment modality for patients with ESRD who are good surgical risks and able to comply with chronic immunosuppressive medications. Clinical transplantation has advanced significantly, with most transplant centers reporting 1-yr renal allograft survival rates of better than 80%. Nevertheless, rejection and a progressive loss of allografts over time continue to occur. The immunosuppressive agents currently used may lead to the development of life-threatening infections, malignancies, and advanced atherosclerosis as a consequence of some of their side effe
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12

Allard, David, Bertrand Allard, and John Stagg. "On the mechanism of anti-CD39 immune checkpoint therapy." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, no. 1 (February 2020): e000186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2019-000186.

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Abstract (sommario):
With the coming of age of cancer immunotherapy, the search for new therapeutic targets has led to the identification of immunosuppressive adenosine as an important regulator of antitumor immunity. This resulted in the development of selective inhibitors targeting various components of the adenosinergic pathway, including small molecules antagonists targeting the high affinity A2A adenosine receptor and low affinity A2B receptor, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small molecules targeting CD73 and therapeutic mAbs targeting CD39. As each regulator of the adenosinergic pathway present
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13

MONAGHAN, PAUL, DARREN B. LENEGHAN, WESLEY SHAW, and ANGUS BELL. "The antimalarial action of FK506 and rapamycin: evidence for a direct effect on FK506-binding protein PfFKBP35." Parasitology 144, no. 7 (March 9, 2017): 869–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017000245.

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Abstract (sommario):
SUMMARYFK506 and rapamycin (Rap) are immunosuppressive drugs that act principally on T-lymphocytes. The receptors for both drugs are FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs), but the molecular mechanisms of immunosuppression differ. An FK506–FKBP complex inhibits the protein phosphatase calcineurin, blocking a key step in T-cell activation, while the Rap –FKBP complex binds to the protein kinase target of rapamycin (TOR), which is involved in a subsequent signalling pathway. Both drugs, and certain non-immunosuppressive compounds related to FK506, have potent antimalarial activity. There is however conf
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14

Shanahan, Fergus, Gerald C. O'’Sullivan, and J. Kevin Collins. "Immunosppressive Agents in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Status and Future Prospects." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 8, no. 6 (1994): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/580410.

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Abstract (sommario):
Inflammatory bowel disease involves an interaction between genetic susceptibility factors and environmental triggers, and the intestinal injury is mediated by the host immunoinflammatory response. Identification of the mechanisms and mediators that contribute to the tissue injury has provided a sound rationale for the therapeutic use of immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory agents. The efficacy of traditional immunosuppressive drugs, such as the purine analogues in both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is well established. The major limitation of the use of these drugs is the delayed c
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15

GROSU-BULARDA, Andreea, Oana VERMEŞAN, Luana LĂZĂRESCU, and Ioan LASCĂR. "Immunosuppression in transplant of vascularized composite allografts." Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2016.2.11.

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Abstract (sommario):
Since 1998, when the first successful hand transplant was performed in France, at Lyon, an unpredicted development of reconstructive transplant surgery (transplant of VCA: vascularized composite allografts) occurred. Those procedures represents the only option for patients having extensive, complex tissue defects, involving multiple anatomical layers, impossible to approach using conventional reconstructive techniques. More than two hundred VCA procedures were reported worldwide, including: upper and lower limbs, face, larynx, trachea, abdominal wall, penis, uterus, knee allotransplant. Import
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16

Klintmalm, Goran B., and Björn Nashan. "The Role of mTOR Inhibitors in Liver Transplantation: Reviewing the Evidence." Journal of Transplantation 2014 (2014): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/845438.

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Abstract (sommario):
Despite the success of liver transplantation, long-term complications remain, includingde novomalignancies, metabolic syndrome, and the recurrence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The current mainstay of treatment, calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), can also worsen posttransplant renal dysfunction, neurotoxicity, and diabetes. Clearly there is a need for better immunosuppressive agents that maintain similar rates of efficacy and renal function whilst minimizing adverse effects. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors with a mechanism of action that is diff
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17

Yang, Fan, Yang Li, Qian Zhang, Liang Tan, Longkai Peng, and Yong Zhao. "The Effect of Immunosuppressive Drugs on MDSCs in Transplantation." Journal of Immunology Research 2018 (July 3, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5414808.

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Abstract (sommario):
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of innate immune cells that regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. In recent years, MDSCs were shown to play an important negative regulatory role in transplant immunology even upstream of regulatory T cells. In certain cases, MDSCs are closely involved in transplantation immune tolerance induction and maintenance. It is known that some immunosuppressant drugs negatively regulate MDSCs but others have positive effects on MDSCs in different transplant cases. We herein summarized our recent insights into the regulatory roles of M
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18

Ingawale, Deepa K., Satish K. Mandlik, and Snehal S. Patel. "An emphasis on molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory effects and glucocorticoid resistance." Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2014-0051.

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Abstract (sommario):
AbstractGlucocorticoids (GC) are universally accepted agents for the treatment of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive disorders. They are used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases and various inflammatory diseases such as allergy, asthma and sepsis. They bind with GC receptor (GR) and form GC–GR complex with the receptor and exert their actions. On activation the GC–GR complex up-regulates the expression of nucleus anti-inflammatory proteins called as transactivation and down-regulates the expression of cytoplasmic pro-inflammatory proteins called as transrepression. It has been observed
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19

Holt, Curtis D., Gordon Ingle, and Theodore M. Sievers. "Inhibitors of Calcineurin." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 16, no. 6 (December 2003): 414–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190003260317.

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Abstract (sommario):
Before the early 1980s, patient and allograft survival for solid organ transplant recipients was dismal. By 1983, the first calcineurin blocker, cyclosporine (Sandimmun), had been introduced, and outcomes were dramatically improved. However, cyclosporine macroemulsion had suboptimal pharmacokinetics, significant drug interactions, and several adverse effects, including nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Recent advances with cyclosporine include the introduction of modified dosage formulations: Neoral, a microemulsion, and several generic microemulsion products. Th
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20

Muraille, Eric, Fabienne Andris, Bernard Pajak, K. Martin Wissing, Thibaut De Smedt, Fabrice Desalle, Michel Goldman, et al. "Downregulation of Antigen-Presenting Cell Functions After Administration of Mitogenic Anti-CD3 Monoclonal Antibodies in Mice." Blood 94, no. 12 (December 15, 1999): 4347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v94.12.4347.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Antibodies against CD3ɛ are widely used as immunosuppressive agents. Although it is generally assumed that these reagents exert their immunomodulatory properties by inducing T-cell deletion and/or inactivation, their precise mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. Using a murine model, we demonstrate in this report that administration of anti-CD3ɛ antibodies causes the migration and maturation of dendritic cells (DC) in vivo, as determined by immunohistochemical analysis. This maturation/migration process was followed by selective loss of splenic DC, which resulted in a selectiv
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21

Muraille, Eric, Fabienne Andris, Bernard Pajak, K. Martin Wissing, Thibaut De Smedt, Fabrice Desalle, Michel Goldman, et al. "Downregulation of Antigen-Presenting Cell Functions After Administration of Mitogenic Anti-CD3 Monoclonal Antibodies in Mice." Blood 94, no. 12 (December 15, 1999): 4347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v94.12.4347.424k31_4347_4357.

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Abstract (sommario):
Antibodies against CD3ɛ are widely used as immunosuppressive agents. Although it is generally assumed that these reagents exert their immunomodulatory properties by inducing T-cell deletion and/or inactivation, their precise mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. Using a murine model, we demonstrate in this report that administration of anti-CD3ɛ antibodies causes the migration and maturation of dendritic cells (DC) in vivo, as determined by immunohistochemical analysis. This maturation/migration process was followed by selective loss of splenic DC, which resulted in a selective inhibit
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22

Löwenberg, Mark, Jurriaan Tuynman, Meike Scheffer, Auke Verhaar, Louis Vermeulen, Sander van Deventer, Daniel Hommes, and Maikel Peppelenbosch. "Kinome Analysis Reveals Nongenomic Glucocorticoid Receptor-Dependent Inhibition of Insulin Signaling." Endocrinology 147, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 3555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2005-1602.

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Abstract (sommario):
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are powerful immunosuppressive agents that control genomic effects through GC receptor (GR)-dependent transcriptional changes. A common complication of GC therapy is insulin resistance, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains obscure. Evidence is increasing for rapid genomic-independent GC action on cellular physiology. Here, we generate a comprehensive description of nongenomic GC effects on insulin signaling using peptide arrays containing 1176 different kinase consensus substrates. Reduced kinase activities of the insulin receptor (INSR) and several downstream I
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23

Shustov, E. B., A. E. Kim, and M. B. Ivanov. "Molecular targets of immunotoxic action of drugs." Toxicological Review, no. 2 (May 15, 2020): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2020-2-10-16.

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Abstract (sommario):
The aim of the article is to generalize information on possible molecular targets that ensure the implementation of the immunotoxic effects of drugs for the subsequent improvement of the methodological apparatus of immunotoxicological studies of new drugs and assess the prospects of the development of new directions of immunopharmacology. The results of the information search for official data provided by manufacturers of medicines registered in the Russian Federation (guidelines for use, clinical recommendations, reports on biomedical and clinical research), as well as data from pharmacologic
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24

Colby, Christine, Cheryl A. Stoukides, and Thomas R. Spitzer. "Antithymocyte Immunoglobulin in Severe Aplastic Anemia and Bone Marrow Transplantation." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 30, no. 10 (October 1996): 1164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809603001016.

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Abstract (sommario):
OBJECTIVE: To review antithymocyte immunoglobulin (ATG) and its current role in the treatment of severe aplastic anemia (SAA), focusing on ATG in immunosuppressive therapy compared with bone marrow transplantation (BMT). DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (1966 to 1996) of English-language literature and human subjects pertaining to ATG and BMT therapy in SAA was performed. Additional literature was obtained from reference lists of pertinent articles identified through the search. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All articles were considered for possible inclusion in the review. Pertinent info
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25

Blaess, Julien, Julia Walther, Arthur Petitdemange, Jacques-Eric Gottenberg, Jean Sibilia, Laurent Arnaud, and Renaud Felten. "Immunosuppressive agents for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of clinical trials and their current development stage." Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease 12 (January 2020): 1759720X2095997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759720x20959971.

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Aims: With the arrival of conventional synthetic (csDMARDs), biological (bDMARDS) and then targeted synthetic (tsDMARDs) disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, the therapeutic arsenal against rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has recently expanded. However, there are still some unmet needs for patients who do not achieve remission and continue to worsen despite treatments. Of note, most randomized controlled trials show that, for methotrexate-inadequate responders, only 20% of patients are ACR70 responders. With our better understanding of RA pathogenesis, finding new treatments is a necessary challe
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26

Fernández-Villa, Aguilar, and Rojo. "Folic Acid Antagonists: Antimicrobial and Immunomodulating Mechanisms and Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 20 (October 9, 2019): 4996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20204996.

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Abstract (sommario):
: Bacterial, protozoan and other microbial infections share an accelerated metabolic rate. In order to ensure a proper functioning of cell replication and proteins and nucleic acids synthesis processes, folate metabolism rate is also increased in these cases. For this reason, folic acid antagonists have been used since their discovery to treat different kinds of microbial infections, taking advantage of this metabolic difference when compared with human cells. However, resistances to these compounds have emerged since then and only combined therapies are currently used in clinic. In addition,
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27

Suuring, Maaike, and Aurélie Moreau. "Regulatory Macrophages and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells in Myeloid Regulatory Cell-Based Therapies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (July 26, 2021): 7970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157970.

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Abstract (sommario):
Myeloid regulatory cell-based therapy has been shown to be a promising cell-based medicinal approach in organ transplantation and for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most efficient antigen-presenting cells and can naturally acquire tolerogenic properties through a variety of differentiation signals and stimuli. Several subtypes of DCs have been generated using additional agents, including vitamin D3, rapamycin and dexamethasone, or immunosuppressive cytokines, such as inte
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28

Kildyushevsky, A. V., Ya G. Moysyuk, A. V. Molochkov, T. A. Mitina, and A. P. Faenko. "Extracorporeal photopheresis in solid organ transplantation." Almanac of Clinical Medicine 48, no. 3 (October 5, 2020): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2020-48-046.

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Abstract (sommario):
Despite the use of up-to-date immunosuppressive agents, graft rejection episodes are quite common and pose a serious threat to thousands of solid organ recipients. Continuous use of various combinations of immunosuppressants cause serious complications, such as arterial hypertension, post-transplant diabetes mellitus, renal failure, increased risk of infections, malignant neoplasms, etc. The attempts to achieve the desired or forced minimization of the graft immunosuppression are associated with the threat of its rejection, which makes it necessary to search for less toxic, non-medical, immuno
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29

Routy, B., T. Huynh, R. Fraser, and C. Séguin. "Vascular Endothelial Cell Function in Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Hematology 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/710365.

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Abstract (sommario):
Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is a rare autoimmune condition, which has been associated with a high mortality rate. However, with current management that includes a combination of anticoagulation, glucocorticoid administration, and plasma exchange, mortality rate has declined. Despite survival improvement with new generation immunosuppressive agents, their mechanisms of action are poorly defined, and CAPS is still considered a high-risk complication in patients known with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Herein, we present a case of a 79-year-old male who presented with a my
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30

Bai, Fanqi, JianXiang Zou, Jun Yang, Edna Ku, Sheng Wei, Thomas P. Loughran, and P. K. Epling-Burnette. "Complex Immunosuppressive Action of Farnesyltransferase Inhibitor (FTI) R115777 (Tipifarnib, Zarnestra®) with Induction of Apoptosis in T Cells from Patients with Large Granular Lymphocyte (LGL) Leukemia." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 4960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.4960.4960.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract BACKGROUND: Large Granular Lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia is an indolent clonal disorder arising from either CD3+ or CD3− immunophenotypes characterized as T-cell and Natural-Killer (NK)-cell malignancies, respectively. Due to a rare incidence, all therapeutic investigations in LGL leukemia are generated from single institution experiences, which consist primarily of retrospective cohort analyses. Pathogenesis may relate to an underlying autoimmune mechanism with low-dose methotrexate (10mg/m2 weekly), cyclophosphamide (50–100mg daily), and cyclosporine A (5–10mg/kg daily) used as first-li
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31

Wolf, Andrew, and Enrique Alvarez. "COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis on Disease-Modifying Therapy." Neurology: Clinical Practice 11, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/cpj.0000000000001088.

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Abstract (sommario):
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in challenges for the practice of neurology. One major concern is how to best manage patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who are on disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). DMTs frequently have immunosuppressive properties that both increase the risk for COVID-19 and potentially reduce the immunologic response to vaccination in a group already vulnerable to infection due to neurologic deficits. Here, we review early data on COVID-19 outcomes in patients with MS and discuss what is known about vaccine effectiveness in those on anti-CD20 and sphingosine-1-phosphat
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32

Marciani, Dante J. "Sole Anti-inflammatory Immunomodulators: Innovative Drugs to Prevent and Treat Autoimmune Diseases and Proteopathies." Current Chinese Science 1, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210298101666210108110556.

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Abstract (sommario):
Objective: To review the available sole anti-inflammatory immunomodulators or adjuvants, different from pro-inflammatory ones, which elicit a Th2 immunity while inhibiting but without abrogating Th1/Th17 immunities. Adjuvants that are useful to develop vaccines for T-cell mediated autoimmune conditions. Methods: A literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar databases was made to identify reports regarding adjuvants, mechanisms of action, pro-inflammatory autoimmunity and vaccines to treat it, immunosuppressive agents, dendritic cells, helminths, immunotolerance, and infectious diseases c
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33

Cuker, Adam, and Cindy E. Neunert. "How I treat refractory immune thrombocytopenia." Blood 128, no. 12 (September 22, 2016): 1547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-03-603365.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract This article summarizes our approach to the management of children and adults with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who do not respond to, cannot tolerate, or are unwilling to undergo splenectomy. We begin with a critical reassessment of the diagnosis and a deliberate attempt to exclude nonautoimmune causes of thrombocytopenia and secondary ITP. For patients in whom the diagnosis is affirmed, we consider observation without treatment. Observation is appropriate for most asymptomatic patients with a platelet count of 20 to 30 × 109/L or higher. We use a tiered approach to treat pa
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34

Alberti, C., M. Mediago, G. Chiapello, D. Bernardi, and G. Arena. "Retroperitoneal Fibrosis, Today: An Updating of Knowledges on this Subjet." Urologia Journal 73, no. 2 (April 2006): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156030607300201.

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Abstract (sommario):
Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is characterized, at first, by a replacement of the normal retroperitoneal tissue by an active granulomatosis inflammation (cellular phase), and at a later stage by a fibrous scar tissue (established fibrotic phase). The aetiology of secondary RPFs includes several drugs (notably methysergide, ergotamine, pergolide, hydralazine), both chronic atherosclerotic aortitis-periaortitis and inflammatory aortic aneurisms, autoimmune diseases such as different forms of systemic vasculitis and collagen diseases, histiocytosis such as Erdheim-Chester syndrome, desmoplastic
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35

Andronova, V. L. "MODERN ETHIOTROPIC CHEMOTHERAPY OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION: CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS, MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF ACTION, DRUG RESISTANCE, NEW TRENDS AND PROSPECTS. PART 1." Problems of Virology, Russian journal 63, no. 5 (October 20, 2018): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0507-4088-2018-63-5-202-211.

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Abstract (sommario):
Modern chemotherapy of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections has a very limited arsenal of first-line drugs. These are preparations of ganciclovir (GCV) belonging to the class of modified nucleosides and its metabolic precursor ganciclovir valine ester. After three-step phosphorylation, GCV, as a structural analogue of the natural nucleotide, competes with it for binding to DNA polymerase and, due to its structural features, inhibits its activity. However, with prolonged use of GCV, mainly under conditions of immunosuppression, the virus develops drug resistance associated in most cases with change
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36

Karateev, D. E., and E. L. Luchikhina. "Immunomodulatory drug therapy for the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)." Almanac of Clinical Medicine 48 (September 19, 2020): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2020-48-036.

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Abstract (sommario):
This systematic review focuses on the state-of-the-art pharmacotherapy of immune disorders in the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19), leading to a cytokine storm and uncontrolled inflammatory response that causes severe tissue damage and multiple organ failure. A lot of theoretical, experimental and clinical data support the need for immunomodulatory (immunosuppressive) therapy for this disease. It should be emphasized that all immunomodulatory drugs for COVID-19 are prescribed off label, and the evidence base of the results of randomized trials is just being accumulated. We review the imm
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37

Pritulo, O. A., A. A. Petrov, and A. V. Petrov. "Evolution of immunotherapy methods for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: from total immunosuppression to selective treatment of therapeutic targets." Medical alphabet, no. 15 (2020) (September 12, 2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2020-15-15-21.

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Abstract (sommario):
The literature review presents data on existing treatments for psoriasis (P) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The relevance of the work is rationale with the difficulties of choosing a particular therapeutic agent by a specialist, depending on the peculiarities of the course of the skin pathological process, damage to the musculoskeletal system, spine and related diseases. Synthetic and targeted drugs are described in a chronological consequences, the review provides accumulated information about their effectiveness in relation to various manifestations of P and PsA, and the safety of their use.
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38

Gediz, Fusun, and Senol Kobak. "Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-related Rheumatic Diseases: What Rheumatologist Should Know?" Current Rheumatology Reviews 15, no. 3 (July 31, 2019): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573397115666190119094736.

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Abstract (sommario):
: Immune checkpoint inhibitors are revolutionized drugs for cancer immunotherapy in the last years. The mechanism of action of CPIs including the limitation of the activation of Tcells, and thus enhancing the self-immune response against tumour cells. Checkpointinhibitors( CPIs) may dysregulate the immune system, resulting in some toxicities. These toxicities or side effects are called Immune-related Adverse Events (IRAEs) that can potentially affect any organ and tissue. Rheumatic diseases due to checkpoint inhibitors are also reported in the literature. The spectrum of rheumatic manifestatio
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39

Skolarczyk, Justyna, Joanna Pekar, and Barbara Nieradko-Iwanicka. "Immune disorders induced by exposure to pyrethroid insecticides." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 71, no. 1 (June 8, 2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3827.

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Abstract (sommario):
Pyrethroids are biocides, which belong to the third generation of insecticides. They are used as biocides, insecticides and medicines. These agents react selectively, because they are less harmful to birds and mammals (due to poor intestinal absorption and rapid detoxification in the body of homeothermic organisms) and they are poisonous for fish and insects.The aim of the article is to present the current state of knowledge on the effects of pyrethroids on the immune system based on the latest scientific research.The mechanism of action of pyrethroids include the delaying closure of voltage-
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40

Zang, Yimei. "Pharmacological Activities of Coumarin Compounds in Licorice: A Review." Natural Product Communications 15, no. 9 (September 2020): 1934578X2095395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x20953954.

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Abstract (sommario):
Licorice is a traditional medicine commonly used in China and many other countries. Over the last 50 years, the structure and pharmacological effects of coumarin compounds in licorice have been investigated. However, a comprehensive review of the literature summarizing current trends is currently lacking. Thus, the aim of the present review is to provide an up-to-date summary of the scientific literature regarding the pharmacological effects of coumarin compounds in licorice, thereby laying the foundation for further research and optimal utilization of licorice. We retrieved 111 articles on th
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41

Johnson, Theodore S., Catherine E. Terrell, and Michael B. Jordan. "Defining the Mechanism of Etoposide Activity in Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Using a Murine Disease Model." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.714.714.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Abstract 714 Introduction: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare multisystem hyperinflammatory syndrome associated with immune dysregulation due to genetic or acquired defects in cytotoxic natural killer cell and CD8 T cell function. Although the mechanism of activity is currently unknown, etoposide has been the mainstay of HLH therapy during the past two decades, since its initial empiric use. Jordan, et al (Blood 2004;104(3):735-43) demonstrated that the clinical and laboratory manifestations of HLH are recapitulated in perforin-deficient (prf−/−) mice infected with lym
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42

Wangchuk, Phurpa, Simon Apte, Michael Smout, Penny Groves, Alex Loukas, and Denise Doolan. "Defined Small Molecules Produced by Himalayan Medicinal Plants Display Immunomodulatory Properties." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11 (November 6, 2018): 3490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113490.

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Abstract (sommario):
Plant-derived compounds that modulate the immune responses are emerging as frontline treatment agents for cancer, infectious diseases and autoimmunity. Herein we have isolated 40 phytochemicals from five Bhutanese Sowa Rigpa medicinal plants—Aconitum laciniatum, Ajania nubegina, Corydalis crispa, Corydalis dubia and Pleurospermum amabile—and tested 14 purified compounds for their immunomodulatory properties using a murine dendritic cell (DC) line, and cytotoxicity against a human cholangiocyte cell line using xCELLigence real time cell monitoring. These compounds were: pseudaconitine, 14-verat
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43

Silva, Marcos V., Juliana R. Machado, Laura P. Rocha, Lúcio R. Castellano, Marlene A. Reis, and Rosana R. M. Corrêa. "CD28 Family and Chronic Rejection: “To Belatacept...and Beyond!”." Journal of Transplantation 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/203780.

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Abstract (sommario):
Kidneys are one of the most frequently transplanted human organs. Immunosuppressive agents may prevent or reverse most acute rejection episodes; however, the graft may still succumb to chronic rejection. The immunological response involved in the chronic rejection process depends on both innate and adaptive immune response. T lymphocytes have a pivotal role in chronic rejection in adaptive immune response. Meanwhile, we aim to present a general overview on the state-of-the-art knowledge of the strategies used for manipulating the lymphocyte activation mechanisms involved in allografts, with em
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44

Blaess, J., J. Walther, J. E. Gottenberg, J. Sibilia, L. Arnaud, and R. Felten. "AB0332 IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AND IMMONOMODULATING AGENTS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF CLINICAL TRIALS AND THEIR CURRENT DEVELOPMENT STAGE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1464.1–1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1124.

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Abstract (sommario):
Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most frequent chronic inflammatory diseases with an incidence of 0.5% to 1%. Therapeutic arsenal of RA has continuously expanded in recent years with the recent therapeutic progress with the arrival of conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), biological (bDMARDs) and targeted synthetic (tsDMARDs), JAK inhibitors. However, there are still some unmet needs for patients who do not achieve remission and who continue to worsen despite treatments. Of note, only approximately 40% of patients are ACR70 responders, in most ran
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45

Khanna, Reena, Mahmoud H. Mosli, and Brian G. Feagan. "Anti-Integrins in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease: What Is Their Place?" Digestive Diseases 34, no. 1-2 (2016): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000443132.

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Abstract (sommario):
Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of heterogeneous conditions, characterized by immune-mediated inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Traditionally, medical management of these disorders has been based on use of systemic immunosuppressives. The development of new drugs that selectively inhibit leukocyte trafficking to the gut has the potential to reduce inflammation and minimize systemic toxicities. Key Messages: In this article, we review the immunology of the gut and the mechanism of action these emerging therapies for IBD. Natalizumab, a monoclonal antibody to
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46

Smith, Melody M., William Powers, Cindy R. Giver, Ned Waller, and Christopher Flowers. "Mechanism for the Immuno-Suppresion Activity of Pentostatin: Selective Apoptosis of Naive T Cell Subsets." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 5160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.5160.5160.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Background: Nucleoside analogs have potent anti-tumor activity, especially against lymphoid malignancies, with immuno-suppression being a significant toxicity. We have previously described the immunosuppressive effects of fludarabine on murine T-cells, and found selective cytotoxicity against naïve subsets that reduced their allo-reactivity in a GvHD model of murine BMT (Giver et al 2003 BBMT 9:616). In this study we tested the cytotoxicity of fludarabine and pentostatin against human and murine T-cell subsets to determine their immune-suppressive activity, mechanism of action, and t
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47

Ushkalova, E. A., S. K. Zyryanov, and K. E. Zatolochina. "Muramyldipeptide - based compounds in current medicine: focus on glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 91, no. 12 (December 15, 2019): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2019.12.000471.

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Abstract (sommario):
The role of immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of almost all human diseases shown in recent decades, increase in antibiotic resistance and secondary immunodeficiency, aging of the population and widespread use of immunosuppressive drugs and procedures suggest a wider use of immunomodulators in current clinical practice, but the use of most of them limits the lack of knowledge. The most promising compounds for the development as immunomodulating agents and adjuvants for a wide range of vaccines are low molecular weight fragments of peptidoglycan - muramylpeptides. The article describes the m
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48

Dunđerski, Jadranka, and Gordana Matić. "Glucocorticoid Receptor in Health and Disease." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 28, no. 4 (October 1, 2009): 248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10011-009-0022-y.

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Abstract (sommario):
Glucocorticoid Receptor in Health and DiseaseGlucocorticoid hormones are essential for life, have a vital place in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of common disorders. Their action is mediated by an intracellular receptor protein, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), functioning as a ligand-inducible transcription factor. Multiple synthetic glucocorticoids are used as potent antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive agents, but their therapeutic usefulness is limited by a wide range and severity of side-effects. On
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49

Kelly, William James, Amber Jin Giles, and Mark Gilbert. "T lymphocyte-targeted immune checkpoint modulation in glioma." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, no. 1 (February 2020): e000379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2019-000379.

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Abstract (sommario):
Immunomodulatory therapies targeting inhibitory checkpoint molecules have revolutionized the treatment of solid tumor malignancies. Concerns about whether systemic administration of an immune checkpoint inhibitor could impact primary brain tumors were answered with the observation of definitive responses in pediatric patients harboring hypermutated gliomas. Although initial clinical results in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) were disappointing, recently published results have demonstrated a potential survival benefit in patients with recurrent GBM treated with neoadjuvant programmed cell deat
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50

Dmitriev, S. E., D. O. Vladimirov, and K. A. Lashkevich. "A Quick Guide to Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis." Biochemistry (Moscow) 85, no. 11 (November 2020): 1389–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0006297920110097.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Eukaryotic ribosome and cap-dependent translation are attractive targets in the antitumor, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antiparasitic therapies. Currently, a broad array of small-molecule drugs is known that specifically inhibit protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. Many of them are well-studied ribosome-targeting antibiotics that block translocation, the peptidyl transferase center or the polypeptide exit tunnel, modulate the binding of translation machinery components to the ribosome, and induce miscoding, premature termination or stop codon readthrough. Such inhibitors are wi
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