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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Informal chains"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 1 febbraio 2022

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1

Trienekens, Jacques, Mariska van Velzen, Nic Lees, Caroline Saunders, and Stefano Pascucci. "Governance of market-oriented fresh food value chains: export chains from New Zealand." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 21, no. 2 (March 13, 2018): 249–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2017.0063.

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The competition in international food markets is increasingly moving towards products with higher levels of added value and higher degrees of differentiation, requiring companies to become more market-oriented. Market orientation is ‘the extent to which an actor in the marketplace uses knowledge about the market, especially about customers, as a basis for decision-making on what to produce, how to produce it, and how to market it’. Market orientation comprises three constructs: market intelligence generation, dissemination and responsiveness. Value chain governance can facilitate market orient
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Twine, Edgar E., Amos Omore, and Julius Githinji. "Uncertainty in milk production by smallholders in Tanzania and its implications for investment." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 21, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2017.0028.

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The study evaluates the impact of risk on enterprises of male, female and young farmers operating in the formal and informal smallholder dairy value chains in Tanzania. It also examines the effect of uncertainty on the decision to invest in milk production in the two value chains. Results indicate that youths in the informal dairy value chain face the greatest level of risk followed by men in the formal value chain, and then men in the informal value chain. Women in both value chains and youths in the formal value chain face relatively low risk. Overall, milk production in the informal value c
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3

Lyons, Michal, Alison Brown, and Zhigang Li. "ASR FORUM: ENGAGING WITH AFRICAN INFORMAL ECONOMIES." African Studies Review 56, no. 3 (November 20, 2013): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2013.80.

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Abstract:This article analyzes the value chain for Chinese manufactured goods such as garments and textiles sold in sub-Saharan Africa. It explores the opportunities for Africans with small, private businesses in the export trade from China, the potential for long-term business development, and how strategies of engagement have changed over time. It finds that the value chains for low-cost goods vary. There is great diversity of entry levels and opportunities for socioeconomic mobility, and traders evolve diverse strategies to obtain and defend their position in the chain. These findings are d
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Ogulin, Robert, Willem Selen, and Jalal Ashayeri. "Determinants of informal coordination in networked supply chains." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 25, no. 4 (July 20, 2012): 328–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17410391211245829.

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Godfrey, Sosheel S., Gavin C. Ramsay, Karl Behrendt, Peter C. Wynn, Thomas L. Nordblom, and Naveed Aslam. "Analysis of agribusiness value chains servicing small-holder dairy farming communities in Punjab, Pakistan: three case studies." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 22, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2017.0122.

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The agriculture sector in Pakistan, as in most developing countries, is dominated by smallholder producers. Pakistan has the world’s third largest dairy industry, and milk is efficiently collected and distributed chiefly by informal value chains that market the raw product with minimal cool chain infrastructure. Formal processors have a small market share of 5%. Interview data from farmers, milk collectors and consumers from three rural-urban case study value chains were analysed to study opportunities and challenges faced by the dairy industry. Compositional analysis of milk samples (n=84) co
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6

Light, Ivan. "The Informal Economy Buffer, Migration Chains, and Poverty Intolerance." City & Community 6, no. 3 (September 2007): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2007.00217_4.x.

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Schoenherr, Tobias, Ram Narasimhan, and Piyas (P) Bandyopadhyay. "The assurance of food safety in supply chains via relational networking." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 35, no. 12 (December 7, 2015): 1662–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-02-2014-0051.

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Purpose – Taking a social network perspective, the purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for the assurance of food safety via relational networking. Design/methodology/approach – The authors consider both informal and formal relational networking, and explore a firm’s learning orientation, risk aversion and consumer pressure as potential precursors to such relational networking. It is further hypothesized that relational networking generates both industry and supply chain knowledge, which is suggested to be beneficial for contamination detection. The model is tested with survey data
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8

PN, Sindhuja. "Impact of information security initiatives on supply chain performance." Information Management & Computer Security 22, no. 5 (November 10, 2014): 450–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imcs-05-2013-0035.

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Purpose – The purpose of this empirical research is to attempt to explore the effect of information security initiatives (ISI) on supply chain performance, considering various intra- and inter-organization information security aspects that are deemed to have an influence on supply chain operations and performance. Design/methodology/approach – Based on extant information security management and supply chain security management literature, a conceptual model was developed and validated. A questionnaire survey instrument was developed and administered among supply chain managers to collect data.
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9

de Paula, Áureo, and José A. Scheinkman. "Value-Added Taxes, Chain Effects, and Informality." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 195–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.2.4.195.

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We present an equilibrium model of tax avoidance and test its implications using a survey of firms in Brazil. In the model, the credit method used to collect value-added tax (VAT) creates informality chains—clients or suppliers of informal firms are more likely to be informal. An increase in enforcement in a production stage increases formality downstream and upstream. Various empirical measures of formality of suppliers and buyers, and of enforcement downstream and upstream, are positively correlated with formality. When the VAT is applied in a single stage of production at a rate estimated b
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10

Soundararajan, Vivek, Andrew Crane, Michael Bloomfield, Laura J. Spence, and Genevieve LeBaron. "Informal Labor Intermediation in Global Supply Chains: A Value Intermediation Perspective." Academy of Management Proceedings 2021, no. 1 (August 2021): 14765. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2021.254.

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11

Chen, Yu-Chun, and Min-Nan Chen. "Social Trust and Open Innovation in an Informal Economy: The Emergence of Shenzhen Mobile Phone Industry." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030775.

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This study examines how social trust facilitates firms’ collaborative efficiency in an informal economy. We extend the open innovation theory to explain the straightforward role of social trust in the Shenzhen mobile phone industry. This single case study yields two principal findings. First, social trust fosters the efficient integration of value chains for mobile phone development. Four types of informal entrepreneurs with high social trust built on homogenous sanctioned ethnic groups (i.e., Fujian, Hunan, Chaoshan, and Wenzhou) collaboratively conform to the chip vendors, independent design
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12

Jacques, Caroline, and Rodrigo Rafael Mueller. "Global productive chains and decent work management technologies." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss12.2807.

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The article presents a reflection on decent work management technologies in the global productive chains. Based on economic sociology and anthropology authors, it discusses the general characteristics of the global productive chains, especially the concept of decent work as a management technology for the labor´s international regulation. The empirical focus of this research was a clothing manufacturing productive chain in the south of Santa Catarina. Interviews were carried out with social and economic actors that are part of this sector, in particular, unions and entrepreneurs. As a conclusi
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13

von Oppenkowski, Moritz, Markus Hassler, and Tim Roesler. "Informal markets and global value chains – the disembedding of Romanian dairy smallholders." European Planning Studies 27, no. 5 (March 2019): 995–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1584607.

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14

Li, Yongjian, Fangchao Xu, and Xiukun Zhao. "Governance mechanisms of dual-channel reverse supply chains with informal collection channel." Journal of Cleaner Production 155 (July 2017): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.084.

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15

Zhang, Hao. "Regional value chains and spontaneous multi-employer wage coordination in China." Journal of Industrial Relations 62, no. 1 (August 20, 2019): 104–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185619865754.

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This article explores how wage determination is coordinated within a regional value chain in China's auto industry and the underlying mechanism that governs this coordination. While the market-economy reform over the past four decades has granted firms considerable autonomy in managing their own employees, this case demonstrates that in China's private sector, wage determination is not at individual employers' full discretion. In general, scholars agree that Western-style formal institutional structures for wage coordination – centralized collective bargaining – have not been effectively estab
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16

Davis-Sramek, Beth, Ayman Omar, and Richard Germain. "Leveraging supply chain orientation for global supplier responsiveness." International Journal of Logistics Management 30, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-09-2017-0225.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to utilize middle-range theorizing to examine whether a US manufacturer can leverage supply chain orientation (SCO) to garner responsiveness from a global supplier. To capture the interplay of macro-level institutional environments, the authors examine the moderating effect of institutional distance on the SCO–supplier responsiveness relationship. Design/methodology/approach Primary survey data collected from US manufacturers are utilized to measure SCO and supplier responsiveness. Two secondary data sets (EIU and GLOBE) capture formal and informal distance
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17

Cardoso de Oliveira, Mara Cristina, Marcio Cardoso Machado, Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour, and Ana Beatriz Lopes de Sousa Jabbour. "Paving the way for the circular economy and more sustainable supply chains." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 30, no. 5 (August 5, 2019): 1095–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-01-2019-0005.

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Purpose Circular economy is an emerging concept which requires insights from a variety of disciplines, especially from sustainable operations management. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to verify how formal and informal instruments of governance influence the induction of green practices in a green network located in Brazil, with implications for the circular economy. Design/methodology/approach Based on a review of the supply chain (SC), green supply chain management, and governance literature, proposals are made regarding the influence of governance instruments in inducing green prac
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18

Birthal, Pratap S., Ramesh Chand, P. K. Joshi, Raka Saxena, Pallavi Rajkhowa, Md Tajuddin Khan, Mohd Arshad Khan, and Khyali R. Chaudhary. "Formal versus informal: Efficiency, inclusiveness and financing of dairy value chains in Indian Punjab." Journal of Rural Studies 54 (August 2017): 288–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.06.009.

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19

Vityaz, Petr A., and Vyacheslav K. Shcherbin. "The institutional development of International Association of Academies of Sciences: from scientific councils to international scientific-technological consortia." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology, no. 2 (October 3, 2020): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2020-2-4-19.

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The article considers the history of creation of formal and informal institutional structures of International Association of the Academies of sciences (IAAS) the functioning of which is based on the technological chains of cognition that are characteristic of traditional disciplinary science. The differences between the technological chains of cognition and the global value chains that have developed in the global economy are shown. The prospects of combining the chains of these types within the framework of international scientific and technological consortia, which are more consistent with
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20

Nagy, Viktor, and Tímea Kozma. "Business Cooperations Along the Supply Chain." Economics and Culture 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jec-2018-0015.

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Abstract Cooperation between and within the companies can be an important success factor. Based on trust, companies at present have created formal and informal network structures in which cooperation between them plays a special role. In the present times, the economic importance of supply chains can be observed in almost every industry regardless size: multinational companies and even small and medium-sized enterprises are actively involved in global value-creating chains. More and more business leaders recognize that when consumers are about to decide on their purchases, not just performance
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21

Bryceson, Kim P., and Anne Ross. "Agrifood Chains as Complex Systems and the Role of Informality in Their Sustainability in Small Scale Societies." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 13, 2020): 6535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166535.

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Agrifood chains are complex systems; they encompass biological, economic, social, health and political variables at different scales (e.g., on-farm, local, regional, national and global). Consequently, what enables a food system to achieve ‘sustainability’ is also complex. This is particularly the case in small-scale societies in developing nations which are socially constituted. In this paper we posit that a habitus of informality underpins food systems’ sustainability in these societies. We argue that conventional applications of approaches like the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) and Circles of Su
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22

Jagtap, Milind, and Sachin Kamble. "Evaluating the modus operandi of construction supply chains using organization control theory." International Journal of Construction Supply Chain Management 5, no. 1 (July 31, 2015): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14424/ijcscm501015-16-33.

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Supply chains are omnipresent. However, the modus operandi of the construction supply chain is not clearly established in the literature. This might be attributable to the character of construction projects and the structure of the construction industry. Formal and informal control mechanisms are well established in retail and manufacturing supply chains whichis evident in improved product performance. However, there is a paucity of research on the construction supply chain especially atidentifying the interplay of control mechanisms and their relationship with project performance. In the case
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23

Gutberlet, Jutta, Jaan-Henrik Kain, Belinda Nyakinya, Michael Oloko, Patrik Zapata, and María José Zapata Campos. "Bridging Weak Links of Solid Waste Management in Informal Settlements." Journal of Environment & Development 26, no. 1 (October 5, 2016): 106–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496516672263.

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Many cities in the global South suffer from vast inadequacies and deficiencies in their solid waste management. In the city of Kisumu in Kenya, waste management is fragmented and insufficient with most household waste remaining uncollected. Solid waste enters and leaves public space through an intricate web of connected, mostly informal, actions. This article scrutinizes waste management of informal settlements, based on the case of Kisumu, to identify weak links in waste management chains and find neighborhood responses to bridge these gaps. Systems theory and action net theory support our an
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24

Louw, A., and D. Jordaan. "Supply chain risks and smallholder fresh produce farmers in the Gauteng province of South Africa." Southern African Business Review 20, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 286–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1998-8125/6051.

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A survey of 52 smallholder fresh produce farmers was conducted in the Gauteng province of South Africa to grasp how risk and its management affect the mainstreaming of smallholder farmers into formal, high-value markets. The study employed a supply chain analysis approach, which focused on the functions and risks that occur along the fresh produce chain. The results highlight the risks that impede the participation of smallholder farmers in formal, high-value chains. At the production level, risk is prominent from input procurement through to the post-harvest stage of the chains. At the retail
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Howieson, Janet, Meredith Lawley, and Kathleen Hastings. "Value chain analysis: an iterative and relational approach for agri-food chains." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 21, no. 3 (May 9, 2016): 352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-06-2015-0220.

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Purpose Value Chain Analysis (VCA) is established as a diagnostic tool. The purpose of this study is to extend existing applications and develop an iterative and relational method. to facilitate the application of VCA to agri-food chains as a strategic process rather than a diagnostic tool. Design/methodology/approach Using a multiple case study design, the new approach to VCA was applied to four Australian prawn fisheries. These fisheries varied in size, location, management structures and marketing arrangements and allowed the general applicability of the approach to be explored. Findings Th
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Khan, Shahrukh Rafi, and Sajid Kazmi. "Value chains in the informal sector: income shares of home‐based subcontracted workers in Pakistan." International Review of Applied Economics 22, no. 3 (April 17, 2008): 339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02692170802003681.

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Cragg, Tony, Tom McNamara, Irena Descubes, and Frank Guerin. "Manufacturing SMEs, network governance and global supply chains." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 27, no. 1 (December 9, 2019): 130–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-10-2019-0334.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how small manufacturing firms develop and manage relationships with global suppliers and distributors. In so doing the authors aim to contribute to knowledge about SMEs and supply chain management (SCM). Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted 12 in-depth case studies of SME final assemblers of machinery in the French farm equipment sector. Findings The most effective form of global supply chain governance used by successful SMEs is informal networks involving managers in similar complementary firms, which serve to concatenate links
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Bennett, Aoife, Peter Cronkleton, Mary Menton, and Yadvinder Malhi. "Rethinking Fuelwood: People, Policy and the Anatomy of a Charcoal Supply Chain in a Decentralizing Peru." Forests 9, no. 9 (August 31, 2018): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9090533.

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In Peru, as in many developing countries, charcoal is an important source of fuel. We examine the commercial charcoal commodity chain from its production in Ucayali, in the Peruvian Amazon, to its sale in the national market. Using a mixed-methods approach, we look at the actors involved in the commodity chain and their relationships, including the distribution of benefits along the chain. We outline the obstacles and opportunities for a more equitable charcoal supply chain within a multi-level governance context. The results show that charcoal provides an important livelihood for most of the
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Cholez, Céline, and Pascale Trompette. "A mundane infrastructure of energy poverty: The informal trading of second-hand car batteries in Madagascar." Journal of Material Culture 25, no. 3 (January 2, 2020): 259–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359183519895048.

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This article examines the complex interconnected chains of large- and small-scale trade that sustain the supply of second-hand car batteries as a widespread traditional solution to energy poverty. It traces the routes of goods that support the circulation of batteries from international routes upstream and downstream to urban and rural areas in Madagascar. It addresses the notion of a mundane infrastructure based on economic circuits that support the regular supply of rebuilt batteries as their repair, maintenance and recharge in the course of their second life. The analysis focuses on central
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Dicecca, Raffaele, Stefano Pascucci, and Francesco Contò. "Understanding reconfiguration pathways of agri-food value chains for smallholder farmers." British Food Journal 118, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 1857–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-05-2016-0194.

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Purpose – Smallholder farmers often deal with lack of information and knowledge, weak financial capacity and limited collaboration and network orientation. This is hampering their ability to adopt or co-develop innovation, and to participate in value chain exchanges. This calls for using intermediary organizations. The purpose of this paper is to understand how innovation intermediaries engage with smallholder farmers and provoke value chain reconfigurations. Design/methodology/approach – The authors systematically review literature to draw cases on intermediaries operating in the agri-food se
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DEHNERT, JULIANE, and WIL M. P. VAN DER AALST. "BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN BUSINESS MODELS AND WORKFLOW SPECIFICATIONS." International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 13, no. 03 (September 2004): 289–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843004000973.

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This paper presents a methodology to bridge the gap between business process modeling and workflow specification. While the first is concerned with intuitive descriptions that are mainly used for communication, the second is concerned with configuring a process-aware information system, thus requiring a more rigorous language less suitable for communication. Unlike existing approaches the gap is not bridged by providing formal semantics for an informal language. Instead it is assumed that the desired behavior is just a subset of the full behavior obtained using a liberal interpretation of the
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Jokonowo, Bambang, Jan Claes, Riyanarto Sarno, and Siti Rochimah. "Process Mining in Supply Chains: A Systematic Literature Review." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): 4626. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4626-4636.

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Performance analysis and continuous process improvement efforts are often supported by the construction of process models representing the interactions of the partners in the supply chain. This study was conducted to determine the state of the art in the process mining field, specifically in the context of cross-organizational process. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method is used to review a collection of twenty-one papers that are classified according to the Artifact framework of Hevner, et al. and within the Process Mining framework of Van der Aalst. In the reviewed papers, the auth
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Paska, I., Yu Grinchuk, and I. Artіmonova. "Determinants of formation of agro-food chains in the environment of households of Ukraine." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 1(162) (April 22, 2021): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2021-162-1-28-40.

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The article is devoted to the study of the determinants of the formation of agri-food chains in the households of Ukraine and the substantiation of the directions of their integration into competitive supply chains. It is argued that the developments in both scientific and practical aspects of creating conditions and prerequisites for the integration of PF in the competitiveness of the supply chain and increasing value added at each level of its participants are relevant. It is highlighted that local supply chains in foreign practice are considered as tools for generating income of the rural p
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Herzer, Eduardo, Daniela Montanari Migliavacca Osório, Dusan Schreiber, and Vanusca Dalosto Jahno. "Educação Ambiental Informal: uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura Nacional." Revista de Ensino, Educação e Ciências Humanas 20, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8733.2019v20n4p465-475.

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A educação ambiental, seja formal ou informal, busca a construção de competências e valores para a conservação ambiental, fator principal para a qualidade de vida saudável e sustentável. A educação ambiental informal ocorre por meio de atividades realizadas fora dos ambientes escolares, ou seja, que podem ser realizados em comunidades, empresas e unidades de conservação. O objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa foi realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura nacional sobre educação ambiental informal e verificar em qual das correntes de Sauvé esses estudos poderiam ser caracterizados. O proced
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Benabbou, Amel, and Safia Nait-Bahloul. "Automated Context Formalization for Context-aware Specification Approach." International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design 9, no. 3 (July 2018): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijismd.2018070102.

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Requirement specification is a key element in model-checking verification. The context-aware approach is an effective technique for automating the specification of requirement considering specific environmental conditions. In most of existing approaches, there is no support of this crucial task and are mainly based on the considerable efforts and expertise of engineers. A domain-specific language, called CDL, has been proposed to facilitate the specification of requirement by formalizing contexts. However, the feedback has shown that manually writing CDL is hard, error prone and difficult to g
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P N, Sindhuja, and Anand S. Kunnathur. "Information security in supply chains: a management control perspective." Information & Computer Security 23, no. 5 (November 9, 2015): 476–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ics-07-2014-0050.

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Purpose – This paper aims to discuss the need for management control system for information security management that encapsulates the technical, formal and informal systems. This motivated the conceptualization of supply chain information security from a management controls perspective. Extant literature on information security mostly focused on technical security and managerial nuances in implementing and enforcing technical security through formal policies and quality standards at an organizational level. However, most of the security mechanisms are difficult to differentiate between busines
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Etwire, Eunice, Anoma Ariyawardana, and Miranda Y. Mortlock. "Seed Delivery Systems and Farm Characteristics Influencing the Improved Seed Uptake by Smallholders in Northern Ghana." Sustainable Agriculture Research 5, no. 2 (April 5, 2016): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v5n2p27.

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The utilisation of improved seeds is reliant on distribution system and farmers’ preferences in using the seed. Primary data were collected from key informant interviews in seed delivery chains and a farmer survey to analyse the northern Ghanaian seed delivery systems and factors influencing the adoption of improved seed by farmers. The seed system in Ghana is made up of three main components; a formal seed system, an informal farmers’ seed system and a quasi-formal seed system. The seed chain starts with breeder seed production by Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (except for imp
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Coslor, Erica H., Brett Crawford, and Barbara G. Brents. "Whips, Chains, and Books on Campus: How Emergent Organizations With Core Stigma Gain Official Recognition." Journal of Management Inquiry 29, no. 3 (November 5, 2018): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056492618810812.

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This article explores how emergent organizations with core stigma manage stigma, and work toward official recognition. The qualitative research design used organizational constitutions, listserv communications, and interviews to examine officially-approved student organizations focused on kinky sexuality in U.S. universities. Our findings indicate (a) due process and impersonal evaluations enable official approval of emergent organizations, particularly if this focuses on operational concerns; (b) emergent organizations leverage credible social discourses, such as individual rights, to emphasi
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Aslam, Naveed, Muhammad Tipu, Muhammad Ishaq, Ann Cowling, David McGill, Hassan Warriach, and Peter Wynn. "Higher Levels of Aflatoxin M1 Contamination and Poorer Composition of Milk Supplied by Informal Milk Marketing Chains in Pakistan." Toxins 8, no. 12 (December 5, 2016): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins8120347.

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Narula, Rajneesh. "Enforcing higher labor standards within developing country value chains: Consequences for MNEs and informal actors in a dual economy." Journal of International Business Studies 50, no. 9 (August 28, 2019): 1622–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00265-1.

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Davis, John-Michael, and Yaakov Garb. "Extended responsibility or continued dis/articulation? Critical perspectives on electronic waste policies from the Israeli-Palestinian case." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 2, no. 2 (April 5, 2019): 368–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619841275.

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Extended producer responsibility policies and interventions propose a template for electronic waste management with considerable and growing discursive and policy traction worldwide. Originating in the global North, they increasingly implicate countries and sites in the global South, in particular, people working in informal electronic waste hubs that process Northern electronic waste. This paper examines the implications of extended producer responsibility in one such place through the lenses of critical waste studies and the dis/articulations approach to global commodity chains, which can us
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Valois-Santos, Naíde Teodósio, Roberta Pereira Niquini, Sandro Sperandei, Leonardo Soares Bastos, Neilane Bertoni, Ana Maria de Brito, and Francisco Inácio Bastos. "Reassessing geographic bottlenecks in a respondent-driven sampling based multicity study in Brazil." Salud Colectiva 16 (September 27, 2020): e2524. http://dx.doi.org/10.18294/sc.2020.2524.

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This study analyzes the spatial dynamics of drug users’ recruitment chains in the context of a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) study in the city of Recife, Brazil. The purpose is to understand the geographic bottlenecks, influenced by social geography, which have been a major challenge for RDS-based studies. Temporo-spatial analysis was used. Sequential maps depicted the dynamics of the recruiting process, considering neighborhood of residence and/or places of drug use. Poisson regression was fitted to model the recruiting rate by neighborhood of residence and/or places of drug use, and the d
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Abbott, Pamela, Aimé Tsinda, Roger Sapsford, and John Rwirahira. "A critical evaluation of Rwanda's potential to achieve the millennium development goals for clean water and sanitation." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 5, no. 1 (September 10, 2014): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2014.188.

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In the world-wide Millennium Development Goals initiative, Rwanda promised to halve by 2015 the number of people who lacked access to safe water and improved sanitation in 1990. Progress has been made in access to water, but the target figure will probably not be met. Targets for improved sanitation will be met on the original definition of ‘improved’, though probably not if shared provision is excluded. However, beyond the usual rural/urban divide, the article highlights how the numerical target conceals a serious problem in the capital city, where ‘informal settlements’ have grossly inadequa
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Stavrova, Elena Velkova. "CONVENTIONAL AND SHADOW BANKING SECTOR – COMPARATIVE ASPECTS OF THE POST-CRISIS PERIOD IN TAIM OF THE CURRENCY BOARD - BULGARIA’ CASE." CBU International Conference Proceedings 5 (September 23, 2017): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v5.965.

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The shadow banking or financial institutions specializing in lending who take an increasingly larger share of today's markets and channels for the movement of financial resources in the markets of resources between economic agents or households.The main scientific question of this paper is to analyze the reasons of dynamic trends of development of the shadow financial system, and how that contrasts with the conventional model of financial intermediation of commercial banking: “The chains for value creation through credit intermediation that move free financial resources in economic systems f
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Varga, Valeria, and Eugenia Rosca. "Driving impact through base of the pyramid distribution models." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 49, no. 5 (June 14, 2019): 492–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-01-2018-0040.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to answer the following research question: how can intermediaries contribute to social impact creation through their interventions at different levels of distribution networks in the base of the pyramid (BoP) markets? Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts an embedded case study of an intermediary organization. The analysis focuses on the intervention of the intermediary on the distribution stages of supply chains in four different projects in the food sector in Ethiopia, Benin, Nigeria and Bangladesh. Findings The embedded case study reveals essentia
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Jones, Kristal. "Social institutions mediating seed access in West African seed systems." FACETS 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2017): 998–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2017-0019.

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Contemporary approaches to market-oriented agricultural development focus on increasing production and economic efficiency to improve livelihoods and well-being. For seed system development, this has meant a focus on seed value chains predicated on standardized economic transactions and improved variety seeds. Building formal seed systems requires establishing and strengthening social institutions that reflect the market-oriented values of efficiency and standardization, institutions that often do not currently exist in many local and informal seed systems. This paper describes and analyzes ef
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Zimmerer, Karl S., and Stef de Haan. "Informal food chains and agrobiodiversity need strengthening—not weakening—to address food security amidst the COVID-19 crisis in South America." Food Security 12, no. 4 (July 15, 2020): 891–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01088-x.

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48

Vrugt, J. A. "DREAM<sub>(D)</sub>: an adaptive markov chain monte carlo simulation algorithm to solve discrete, noncontinuous, posterior parameter estimation problems." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 2 (April 26, 2011): 4025–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-4025-2011.

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Abstract. Formal and informal Bayesian approaches are increasingly being used to treat forcing, model structural, parameter and calibration data uncertainty, and summarize hydrologic prediction uncertainty. This requires posterior sampling methods that approximate the (evolving) posterior distribution. We recently introduced the DiffeRential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis (DREAM) algorithm, an adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method that is especially designed to solve complex, high-dimensional and multimodal posterior probability density functions. The method runs multiple chains in pa
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Domşodi, Dana. "Labour Relations and Labour Structures in Mediterranean Capitalism. Caporalato and Romanian Migration in the Southern Italian Agriculture." Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Sociologia 64, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/subbs-2019-0006.

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Abstract In this paper I will examine the structural and social features of the gang-mastered labour system (caporalato) as it appears in the agricultural production process in Italy. I will discuss the functions of this type of labour regime through an analysis of the role (Romanian) migrant labour plays in the Italian agriculture process and its need for the (informal) labour market mediation in agriculture. My aim is to critically map the function of caporalato within a production circuit that starts with the low price imposed on agricultural goods, and ends up at the top of the production
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Luo, Siqi, and Tao Yang. "Why worker-supported collective bargaining may still fail." Employee Relations: The International Journal 42, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 471–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-06-2019-0250.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate that some enterprise unions in South China, as strategic labor actors, made local progress in collective bargaining, but further elaborates on why gainful bargaining would require a more systematic understanding of the prevailing industrial structure. Design/methodology/approach This paper is mainly drawn from intensive site visits and 51 in-depth interviews in 2013 and 2014, and several follow-ups up to 2018. Three cases of collective bargaining, featuring different union strategies of assertive negotiation, informal cooperation and direct co
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