Tesi sul tema "Inibidores de histona desacetilases"
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Blank, Martina. "Regulação epigenética na formação da memória aversiva : modulação via inibidores de histona desacetilases". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/119754.
Testo completoThe chromatin state directly impacts gene expression triggered by memory formation. Therefore, this process is of great interest to the biomedical area. Critical regulators of chromatin state and gene transcription are the epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and posttranslational modifications of histone proteins. One of the most studied postranslational modification of histones is histone acetylation. When histones are acetylated, chromatin is in a relaxed conformation allowing gene expression. Lysine acetylation is catalyzed by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and is reversed by the action of histone deacetylases (HDACs). The use of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) is helping to elucidate genetic mechanisms of learning and memory. Our work is based on the hypothesis that HDACs activity is crucial for inhibitory avoidance (IA) learning responses modulation and the idea that histone acetylation is an essential step. The data presented in this work demonstrate that infusion of Trichostatin A (TSA) or Sodium Butyrate (NaB) intrahipocampally produced memory enhancement. Moreover, TSA showed two waves of memory enhancing effects when given immediately or 3 h after training coinciding with the observed waves of protein synthesis and PKA activation for memory formation. Our study also demonstrates that the enhancement of IA memory consolidation depends on the integrity of basolateral amygdala (BLA) since its functional inactivation by muscimol (MUS) completely blocked the enhancing effect of TSA infused in the rat hippocampus. Here, we also demonstrate that intraperitoneal administration of NaB immediately after training led to memory enhancement in aged rats with no cognitive deficit. Surprisingly, NaB had no effect in younger rats with normal memory retention. Finally, data presented here also demonstrate that TrkB activity in the hippocampus is crucial for long-term memory (LTM) since administration of a TrkB receptor antagonist, ANA-12, in the dorsal hippocampus immediately after training or retrieval led to memory retention impairment. Moreover, infusion of NaB before training prevented this impairing effect of TrkB antagonism. Taken together, these results show that epigenetic modulation by HDACs activity is required for memory formation. Our data also supports the idea of HDACs playing critical roles in learning and memory interacting with intracellular signaling pathways triggered by these processes.
Silva, Fabiana Brandão Alves. "Aspectos epigenéticos da virulência em Cryptococcus neoformans : papel das histonas desacetilases". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/21024.
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Os genes de histonas desacetilases (HDAC) são altamente conservados entre diferentes espécies e dirigem importantes processos epigenéticos na manutenção da estrutura e funcionamento do genoma. Entretanto, o papel das HDAC na regulação dos traços de virulência de patógenos permanece pobremente explorado. O fungo patogênico em humanos Cryptococcus neoformans passa por mudanças fenotípicas que promovem persistência e sobrevida dentro do hospedeiro ou em nichos ecológicos. Tais mudanças estão associadas à regulação diferencial da expressão gênica. Neste contexto, inicialmente foi avaliado o efeito de dois inibidores químicos de histona desacetilases (HDACi), o butirato de sódio (NaBut) e a tricostatina A (TSA), sobre as células de C. neoformans. Os resultados demonstraram que ambos inibidores foram capazes de afetar os principais traços de virulência de C. neoformans. Em seguida, foram identificados e deletados 8 genes de HDAC de Classe I e Classe II em C. neoformans. A maioria dos processos previamente associados à virulência em C. neoformans foi afetada pelo tratamento com HDACi eou pela deleção de genes: a capacidade de crescimento a 37 – 39 ºC, a formação da cápsula polissacarídica, a produção de melanina, as atividades de fosfolipase e de proteases, a formação de hifas de acasalamento e a integridade da parede celular. Os mutantes de HDAC também mostraram defeitos na sobrevivência intracelular quando co-cultivados com macrófagos murinos, assim como virulência comprometida nos modelos de infecção de Galleria mellonella e camundongos. A histona desacetilase Clr3 foi apontada como um importante regulador da virulência em C. neoformans. A linhagem de C. neoformans clr3mutante mostrou-se hipovirulenta em ambos os modelos de criptococose animal. Outrossim, a análise de RNA-seq indicou que a proteína Clr3 regula a expressão de vários genes importantes para a adaptação e sobrevivência de C. neoformans ao ambiente hospedeiro. Os resultados indicam que a remodelação da cromatina, por meio das conservadas HDAC, é um importante mecanismo envolvido na virulência de C. neoformans. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) genes are highly conserved among different species, directing one of the most important epigenetic processes regulating gene expression – chromatin remodeling. However, the role of HDACs in the regulation of virulence traits in pathogens remains poorly explored. The human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans undergoes phenotypic changes to promote persistence and survival inside the host or in specific ecological niches. Very likely, these changes are associated with epigenetic regulation. In this context, we initially evaluated the effect of two chemical inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACi): Sodium butyrate (NaBut) and Trichostatin A (TSA). The results showed that both were able to impair the expression of the main virulence traits of C. neoformans. Based on these data, we identified and deleted eight genes encoding predicted class I/II HDACs in C. neoformans. In this way, we predicted that we would be able to assign specific function to each HDAC, especially in regards to virulence trait expression. Phenotypes of specific HDAC mutant strains indicate that individual proteins control non-identical but overlapping cellular processes associated with virulence. In the other hand, for some genes we also have observed an opposite regulation. Most processes previously related to virulence in C. neoformans were affected here, such as thermotolerance (growth at 37-39 oC); capsule, melanin and protease formation; and cell wall integrity. Additionally, defects in mating and hyphal development were observed for the clr3HDAC mutant strain. HDAC mutants also displayed defects in intracellular survival when co-cultured with activated macrophages, a finding highly correlated with altered virulence in vivo. Also, we tested the virulence in Galleria mellonella and mice. Overall our results support that the Clr3 histone deacetylase is a newly identified regulator of fungal virulence. The corresponding mutant was hypovirulent in both animal models of cryptococcosis. Furthermore transcriptional profiling shows that the Clr3 protein regulates the expression of many genes that are important for the adaptation of C. neoformans for survival inside the host. Our work displays that chromatin remodeling by the conserved histone deacetylases is an important mechanism behind the virulence of C. neoformans.
Almeida, Viviane Rösner. "Influência do bloqueio do receptor do peptídeo liberador de gastrina em combinação com inibição de histona deacetilase sobre a proliferação de células de neuroblastoma". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29031.
Testo completoSassi, Felipe de Almeida. "Redução da proliferação celular e aumento da expressão de marcadores neurais de células-tronco de glioblastoma humano expostas a um inibidor de histona deacetilase". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/90482.
Testo completoGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM), because of its fast growth and recurrence, require further investigation by the scientific community in order to find promising new therapies for these tumors, specially affecting their Cancer stem cells (CSC), which drive many tumorigenic processes. In this work we have made use of the HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A to achieve the epigenetic modulation of the U87-MG GBM cell line, as a model for CSC research. We have observed reduction of the U87 tumorspheres, which are enriched for CSC, proliferation and survival followed by morphological changes both in the treated tumorspheres and in single cells. Enhanced on the U87 differentiation was confirmed by increased levels of neuronal and glial markers such as NeuN and GFAP. Furthermore we showed evidences of cellular senescence after the TSA treatment. No effect on cell migration was found after TSA treatment. Therefore, these results demonstrate a plethora effects on differentiation, proliferation, survival of glioma cells and induction of cellular senescence by TSA, making TSA a promising agent for glioma therapy.
Reolon, Gustavo Kellermann. "Modificações pós-traducionas na cromatina e formação da memória : modulação por inibição de histonas desacetilases". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/90445.
Testo completoHistone acetylation is involved in synaptic plasticity and memory. This reversible reaction is catalysed by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and reversed by histone deacetylases (HDACs). Systemic administration of sodium butyrate (NaB), an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACi), at 1.2 g/kg (i.p.) immediately after training on a novel object recognition task (NOR), ameliorated aging-related memory impairments in 24 month old rats. The same dose of NaB administred i.p. 6 hours after NOR training had no effect on long-term memory (LTM) in 18 month old rats, indicating that the HDACi memory enhancement is temporaly restricted to the initial phase of consolidation. NaB injection immediately after training had no effect on NOR memory in 3 month old rats. Mice trained in a NOR protocol that does not elicit neither short-term nor long-term memory by itself, when received NaB i.p. after learning, showed memory 24 hours and 7 days after acquisition. Mice trained in a NOR protocol in which memory is observed 24 hours - but not 7 days - after learning, did not show memory enhancement on the 7-day test when received i.p. NaB 1 hour before, suggesting that the HDACs inhibition had no effect on retrieval. Administration of NaB after training reversed the memory deficit at the 7-day test in mice with CREB binding protein mutated on its binding site to CREB, indicating that this site is not necessary for NaB enhancement of NOR memory. Intra-amygdala infusions of the HDACi trichostatin A immediately after training enhanced contextual, but not cued, fear conditioning LTM, indicating that the effect of HDAC inhibition may depend on the memory analysed. This study indicates that NaB ameliorated aging-related NOR memory impairments and produced an enhancement in memory persistence.
Elsner, Viviane Rostirola. "Efeito de diferentes protocolos de exercício na atividade das enzimas histona acetiltransferase e histona desacetilase em hipocampo de ratos". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/35146.
Testo completoRegular and moderate exercise has been considered a promising neuroprotective strategy. The mechanisms by which physical exercise alters brain function are not completely clear. Our work hypothesis was that these neuroprotective properties could be related to chromatin remodeling, specifically altering the histone acetylation levels through modulation of Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT) and Histone Desacetylase (HDAC) enzyme activities. The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of exercise on Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT) and Histone Desacetylase (HDAC) activities in rat hippocampus at different times after treadmill exercise. Adult male Wistar rats were assigned to a non-exercised (sedentary) group and an exercised group on different protocols: a single session of exercise (running for 20 min) and a chronic treadmill exercise (running once daily for 20 min, for 2 weeks). The effects of exercise on Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT) and Histone Desacetylase (HDAC) activities were measured immediately, 1 h and 18 h after the single session or the last session of chronic treadmill exercise using specific ELISA kits. The single session of exercise reduced the Histone Desacetylase (HDAC) activity and increased the Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT) activity, as well increased the HAT/HDAC balance in rat hippocampus, immediately and 1 h after exercise, indicative of histone hyperacetylation status. The chronic treadmill did not alter the Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT) and Histone Desacetylase (HDAC) enzymes activity. The Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT) and Histone Desacetylase (HDAC) enzymes activities were influenced by the circadian rhythm, since the HAT/HDAC ratio was significantly decreased in the early morning when compared to the afternoon. The physical exercise altered the Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT) and Histone Desacetylase (HDAC) enzymes activities in Wistar rats hippocampus, presenting short term effects.
Silva, Cleandra Gregório. "Avaliação da expressão dos genes HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 e HDAC7 e seus possíveis mecanismos de silenciamento no adenocarcinoma ductal pancreático". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143861.
Testo completoPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal and aggressive disease. The disruption of histone acetylation through histones deacetylases (HDACs) and expression regulation by miRNAs can lead to tumor development. In this study we assessed HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC7 expression in PDAC and non-tumoral tissue (NT) samples using experimental and databases analysis, correlated their expression levels with clinical and pathological features in patients and performed in silico investigation of HDACs regulation by miRNAs. Expression levels of HDACs were measured by qRT-PCR from 25 PDAC and 23 NT. An analysis of differential expression (DE) and correlation of HDACs and miRNAs in PDAC was performed using six Gene Expression Omnibus microarray datasets. Potential miRNA-HDACs relationships were collected from miRNA interaction databases. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. We found reduced expression in PDAC compared with NT for HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3, with P<0.05. Expression levels of HDAC7 did not significantly differ between groups. However, fold-changes were very small and probably not biologically relevant. Only HDAC2 and HDAC7 were associated with age at diagnosis and no other associations between HDAC expression and clinical features were identified. DE analysis suggested significant up-regulation of HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC7, and down-regulation of HDAC3, albeit all of them associated with small fold changes. Databases analysis identified 728 miRNAs that could be HDACs regulators. Intersections among the set of miRNAs found in differential expression analysis of GSE41369 and GSE43796 and those retrieved from target prediction identified five miRNAs targeting HDAC1 (miR-188-5p, miR-539, miR-708, miR-4269 and miR-3616-3p) and three targeting HDAC2 (miR-4307, miR-944 and miR-195). HDACs expression is likely not a robust prognostic biomarker in PDAC since differential expression between groups is subtle. Also, this and previous studies indicate no or only very few associations between HDACs expression and clinicopathological features related to prognosis. Finally, miRNAs are probably not exerting a central role in HDAC regulation in PDAC.
Gonçalves, Rosângela Mayer. "O papel da autofagia na resistência de gliomas ao tratamento com temozolomida e inibidor de histonas desacetilases". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/153333.
Testo completoGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive type of primary brain tumor which has been associated with a dismal prognosis. In this study, we tested the efficacy of combining temozolomide (TMZ) with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) - an inhibitor of HDACs 1, 2, 3, and 6 approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma - in the viability of tumor cells. The data showed that potentiation synergism between TMZ e SAHA was not achieved due to activation of protective autophagy in vitro. The SAHA/TMZ treatment promoted arrest in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle as soon as 48 h after drug exposure whereas apoptosis was only detected after long-lasting exposure (≥96 h). In addition, SAHA and TMZ induced autophagy as detected by flow cytometry of acridine orange stained cells and immunodetection of the lipidated form of LC3 as well as decreases in p62/SQSTM1. Autophagy preceded apoptosis, and by blocking the termination step of autophagy with chloroquine promoted a significant reduction in the viability of glioma cells which was accompanied by increased apoptosis in SAHA/TMZ treatment. Overall, the herein presented data demonstrate that autophagy impairs the efficacy of combined TMZ/SAHA, and inhibiting this phenomenon could provide novel opportunities to improve the therapeutic potential of these compounds.
Petry, Fernanda dos Santos. "Interação funcional entre o bloqueio do receptor do peptídeo liberador de gastrina e a inibição de histonas desacetilases na formação e extinção da memória". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/131942.
Testo completoNeuropeptides are important brain signaling molecules that play a role in the regulation of emotionally-motivated memories, influencing their acquisition, consolidation, expression and extinction. Gastrin-releasing peptide selectively binds to its membrane receptor, the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), which acts as a molecular regulator of brain functions, including memory formation, emotional responses and synaptic plasticity. Findings suggest a possible functional interaction between GRPR and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin involved in common processes to GRPR. Histone acetylation, a type of chromatin modification indirectly regulated by the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) that results in an increase in gene transcription, has been also associated to memory formation in the hippocampus. Based on this, the objective of the present study was to evaluate a possible interaction between GRPR blockade and chromatin regulation by the inhibition of HDACs in the consolidation and extinction of aversive memory, as well as on hippocampal BDNF and acetylated histone H3 levels. Male Wistar rats received bilateral infusions into the dorsal hippocampus of saline or the HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate (NaB; 100 mM) and saline or the GRPR antagonist RC-3095 (1μg/0.5-μl), respectively, before and immediately after the training in inhibitory avoidance. In a second experiment, the infusions of the same drugs were given before and immediately after a retention test trial that served as extinction training. RC-3095-induced impairing effects on consolidation and extinction of aversive memory were prevented by the infusion of NaB. In addition, it was observed an increase in hipoccampal BDNF after infusions of NaB followed by RC-3095, whereas no effect was observed in H3 acetylated levels after these treatments. The results suggest that impairing effects induced by GRPR blockade on formation and extinction of aversive memory can be prevented by HDAC inhibition, and that this protective effect could be related to increased hippocampal BDNF levels. In conclusion, a dysfunction in GRP/GRPR signaling pathway can be compensated by epigenetic mechanisms to allow processes related to memory in hippocampus.
Cortés, Crignola Constanza. "Efecte de la inhibició de les histona desacetilases i d'inductors de p53 en línies cel•lulars de neuroblastoma humà". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285505.
Testo completoNeuroblastomas are characterized by the heterogeneity of their cell population and for their ability to transdifferentiate among the different cell phenotypes that are present in the tumor. The frequency of p53 mutations is sparingly low at the time of diagnosis, manifesting only after the initial treatment. These features are the main cause of failure of current treatments for this malignancy. The aim of this thesis was to test new therapeutic strategies that may be effective against all cell types present in the tumor, in order to avoid relapse. To this end, we decided to use two drugs with proven clinical efficacy. On one hand, the nonspecific HDAC inhibitor SAHA, which exerts its effect in a p53-independent manner, was chosen; on the other hand, the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D, which is more efficacious against cells expressing p53, was selected. In addition, we used nutlin-3 as a control to verify the impact of p53 on the effect of the actinomycin D. This work demonstrates how these drugs decrease the viability of all neuroblastoma cell lines analyzed. The mechanism and sensitivity to treatment depend on both drugs used and the cell line examined. Thus, the results suggest the potential of these compounds and their combination as a therapeutic strategy for neuroblastoma.
Oliveira, Clara Slade. "Caracterização e funcionalidade das enzimas modificadoras de histona desacetilases (HDAC) e arginina peptidil deiminase 4 (PADI4) no desenvolvimento embrionário /". Jaboticabal, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105895.
Testo completoCoorientador: Flavia Lombardi Lopes
Coorientador: Daniel Robert Arnold
Banca: Flávio Vieira Meirelles
Banca: Luiz Sérgio de Almeida Camargo
Banca: Gisele Zoccal Mingoti
Banca: Naiara Zoccal Saraiva
Resumo: Modificações pós-translacionais de histonas são importantes componentes do código epigenético, e contribuem para o controle da transcrição gênica de cada célula. O presente trabalho descreve a participação de duas modificações de histonas no desenvolvimento embrionário pré-implantacional: a acetilação de lisinas e a citrulinização de argininas. No capítulo 1, avaliamos a presença de duas modificações de histona H3, K9ac (permissiva) e K27me3 (repressiva) em embriões bovinos no ciclo de ativação do genoma embrionário (AGE), por imunofluorescência. Ambas as marcas estão presentes e apresentam alto coeficiente de correlação, e dois perfis de embriões (com alta e baixa variação dos níveis das modificações entre blastômeros) foram descritos. A acetilação de histonas está relacionada à ativação da expressão gênica, portanto no capítulo 2 hipotetizamos que a manipulação de seus níveis em embriões bovinos poderia influenciar a ativação do genoma embrionário, o desenvolvimento de blastocistos e a inativação do cromossomo X em fêmeas. Foram testadas concentrações do inibidor das histona desacetilases tricostatina A variando de 5 a 50nM, aplicadas por 12 a 144h, iniciando 70h após a FIV. Três protocolos foram selecionados: 5nM 48h, 5nM 144h e 15nM 48h. Após, foi utilizado sêmen sexado para estudar os efeitos da TSA sobre embriões fêmeas e machos separadamente. Por imunofluorescência para H3K9ac, foi observado aumento na acetilação de histonas em ambas as concentrações (5 e 15nM), sendo 5nM mais eficaz em fêmeas do que machos. O tratamento com 15nM 48h reduziu a produção de blastocistos em machos e fêmeas, e 5nM 144h em machos. A taxa de apoptose, avaliada pelo ensaio TUNEL, foi elevada em embriões fêmeas (grupos 5nM144h e 15nM48h), e em machos (grupo 15nM48h), mas tal aumento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Histone post translational modifications are important components of the epigenetic code, and contribute to the control of gene transcription in each cell. This work describes the participation of two histone modifications in embryonic preimplantation development: acetylation of lysines and citrullination of arginines. In chapter 1, we evaluated the presence of two modifications of histone H3, K9ac (permissive) and K27me3 (repressive) in bovine embryos in the cycle of embryonic genome activation (EGA), by immunofluorescence. Both marks are present and show a high correlation coefficient, and two profiles of embryos were described, displaying high and low variation of modifications level between blastomeres. The acetylation of histones is related to gene expression activation, so in Chapter 2 we hypothesized that the manipulation of acetylation levels in bovine embryos could influence embryonic genome activation, blastocyst development and X chromosome inactivation in females. Five concentrations of the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), ranging from 5 to 50nM beginning 70 hours after FIV were applied per 12 to 144h. Three protocols were selected: 5nM 48h, 5nM 144h and 15nm 48h. After, sexed semen was used to study the effects of TSA on male and female embryos separately. Immunofluorescence of H3K9ac showed increased histone acetylation at both concentrations (5 and 15nM). 5nM TSA was more effective in females than in males. Treatment with 15nM 48h reduced male and female blastocyst yield, and 5nM 144h reduced male blastocyst yield. Apoptosis rate was measured by the TUNEL assay. Female 5nM144h and 15nM48h groups, and male 15nM48h group displayed higher apoptosis levels, but this increase was not observed in low quality embryos. In female embryos, TSA did not affect... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Oliveira, Clara Slade [UNESP]. "Caracterização e funcionalidade das enzimas modificadoras de histona desacetilases (HDAC) e arginina peptidil deiminase 4 (PADI4) no desenvolvimento embrionário". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105895.
Testo completoFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Modificações pós-translacionais de histonas são importantes componentes do código epigenético, e contribuem para o controle da transcrição gênica de cada célula. O presente trabalho descreve a participação de duas modificações de histonas no desenvolvimento embrionário pré-implantacional: a acetilação de lisinas e a citrulinização de argininas. No capítulo 1, avaliamos a presença de duas modificações de histona H3, K9ac (permissiva) e K27me3 (repressiva) em embriões bovinos no ciclo de ativação do genoma embrionário (AGE), por imunofluorescência. Ambas as marcas estão presentes e apresentam alto coeficiente de correlação, e dois perfis de embriões (com alta e baixa variação dos níveis das modificações entre blastômeros) foram descritos. A acetilação de histonas está relacionada à ativação da expressão gênica, portanto no capítulo 2 hipotetizamos que a manipulação de seus níveis em embriões bovinos poderia influenciar a ativação do genoma embrionário, o desenvolvimento de blastocistos e a inativação do cromossomo X em fêmeas. Foram testadas concentrações do inibidor das histona desacetilases tricostatina A variando de 5 a 50nM, aplicadas por 12 a 144h, iniciando 70h após a FIV. Três protocolos foram selecionados: 5nM 48h, 5nM 144h e 15nM 48h. Após, foi utilizado sêmen sexado para estudar os efeitos da TSA sobre embriões fêmeas e machos separadamente. Por imunofluorescência para H3K9ac, foi observado aumento na acetilação de histonas em ambas as concentrações (5 e 15nM), sendo 5nM mais eficaz em fêmeas do que machos. O tratamento com 15nM 48h reduziu a produção de blastocistos em machos e fêmeas, e 5nM 144h em machos. A taxa de apoptose, avaliada pelo ensaio TUNEL, foi elevada em embriões fêmeas (grupos 5nM144h e 15nM48h), e em machos (grupo 15nM48h), mas tal aumento...
Histone post translational modifications are important components of the epigenetic code, and contribute to the control of gene transcription in each cell. This work describes the participation of two histone modifications in embryonic preimplantation development: acetylation of lysines and citrullination of arginines. In chapter 1, we evaluated the presence of two modifications of histone H3, K9ac (permissive) and K27me3 (repressive) in bovine embryos in the cycle of embryonic genome activation (EGA), by immunofluorescence. Both marks are present and show a high correlation coefficient, and two profiles of embryos were described, displaying high and low variation of modifications level between blastomeres. The acetylation of histones is related to gene expression activation, so in Chapter 2 we hypothesized that the manipulation of acetylation levels in bovine embryos could influence embryonic genome activation, blastocyst development and X chromosome inactivation in females. Five concentrations of the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), ranging from 5 to 50nM beginning 70 hours after FIV were applied per 12 to 144h. Three protocols were selected: 5nM 48h, 5nM 144h and 15nm 48h. After, sexed semen was used to study the effects of TSA on male and female embryos separately. Immunofluorescence of H3K9ac showed increased histone acetylation at both concentrations (5 and 15nM). 5nM TSA was more effective in females than in males. Treatment with 15nM 48h reduced male and female blastocyst yield, and 5nM 144h reduced male blastocyst yield. Apoptosis rate was measured by the TUNEL assay. Female 5nM144h and 15nM48h groups, and male 15nM48h group displayed higher apoptosis levels, but this increase was not observed in low quality embryos. In female embryos, TSA did not affect... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Queiroz, Fellipe José Gomes. "Síntese e avaliação de inibidores de histona acetiltransferases planejados a partir do ácido isoanacárdico". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2015. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/18583.
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As principais doenças inflamatórias intestinais – doença de Crohn e colite ulcerativa – apresentam caráter inflamatório idiopático agudo ou crônico que envolve a cascata de sinalização NF-kB por meio dos receptores Toll-like e TNF-α. No âmbito das modificações pós-translacionais, as acetilações reversíveis de resíduos de lisina nas subunidades p50 e p65 de NF-kB – promovidas por histonas acetiltransferases (HAT) – modulam as respostas inflamatórias dependentes desta via. Neste contexto, inibidores de HATs e.g. p300 e GCN5, regulam as funções do NF-kB induzidas por TNF e IL-1β e compreendem estratégia terapêutica para o tratamento da UC. Descrevemos neste trabalho o planejamento, a síntese e a avaliação biológica de novos inibidores de histona acetiltransferases – p300 e GCN5 – obtidos a partir do ácido isoanacárdico. A estratégia sintética permitiu à obtenção de 25 derivados: 2 intermediários aldeídos, 3 ácidos carboxílicos, 5 amidas e 15 ésteres, em rendimentos que variaram de 78-98%. A avaliação biológica dos compostos-alvo frente às enzimas p300 e GCN5 evidenciaram a capacidade dos derivados LDT380 (28), LDT383 (35) e LDT407 (32) – que contém a subunidade carboxila – atuarem como inibidores de ambas acetiltransferases com IC50 variando de 11 μM a 51 μM para a enzima p300; e de 25 μM a 61 μM para a enzima GCN5. A confirmação da atividade inibitória dos compostos ativos por métodos ortogonais, os estudos de docking com p300 e GCN5, a avaliação sobre a translocação de NF-kB, bem como a avaliação em modelos experimentais in vivo compreendem as perspectivas desse trabalho. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The major inflammatory bowel diseases - Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis - show acute or chronic idiopathic inflammatory profiles that involve the NF-kB signaling cascade through Toll-like and TNF-α receptors. In the context of posttranslational modifications, reversible acetylation of lysine residues on p50 and p65 subunits of NF-kB - promoted by histone acetyltransferases (HAT) - modulate inflammatory responses dependent on this pathway. In this context, HATs inhibitors e.g. GCN5 and p300 regulate NF-kB functions induced by TNF and IL-1β and comprise therapeutic strategy for the treatment of UC. Herein we describe the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new inhibitors of histone acetyl transferases - p300 and GCN5 - obtained from isoanacardic acid. The synthetic strategy allowed for obtaining 25 derivatives: 2 aldehyde intermediates, 3 carboxylic acids, 5 amides and 15 esters in yields ranging from 78-98%. Biological evaluation of target-compounds against the GCN5 and p300 enzymes revealed the ability of compounds LDT380 (28) LDT383 (35) and LDT407 (32) - containing the carboxyl subunit - to act as inhibitors of both acetyltransferases with IC50 ranging from 11 μM to 51 μM for p300; and from 25 μM and 61 μM for GCN5. The work’s perspectives include the confirmation of the inhibitory activity of the active compounds by orthogonal methods, docking studies with p300 and GCN5, studies on the translocation of NF-kB, ans posteriorly in vivo evaluation in experimental models of colitis.
Pavan, Aline Renata. "Planejamento, síntese e avaliação farmacológica de novos derivados ftalimídicos inibidores de histona deacetilase para anemia falciforme /". Araraquara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154961.
Testo completoBanca: Chung, Man Chin
Banca: Simone Kashima Haddad
Resumo: A reativação da expressão gênica de gama-globina e consequente produção de hemoglobina fetal (HbF) por mecanismos epigenéticos é uma valiosa intervenção terapêutica na anemia falciforme. Estudos recentes mostram que a inibição da enzima Histona Deacetilase (HDAC), principalmente HDAC-1 e HDAC-2, mostrou ser uma estratégia promissora em promover o aumento da expressão gênica de gama-globina e a produção de HbF sem causar alteração no ciclo e proliferação celular. Neste trabalho foram planejadas por modelagem molecular novos compostos inibidores de HDAC 1 e 2. Os estudos de ancoragem molecular revelaram a forma como estes compostos interagem com a HDAC-2, sendo a subunidade N-(2-aminofenil)benzamida responsável por interagir com o átomo de zinco presente no sítio ativo. Durante o processo de otimização das estruturas, os valores de docking score passaram de -9,8 para - 12,3, indicando melhores interações com o receptor. Onze compostos inéditos foram sintetizados e caracterizados por métodos analíticos. Os estudos enzimáticos mostraram atividade inibitória dos novos compostos variaram de 83 à 96% para HDAC-1, 83 à 94% para HDAC-2 e 82 à-89% para HDAC-3. O composto (22) (4-(4-aminofenetil)-N-(2-aminofenil)benzamida) foi um dos mais ativos apresentando, na concentração de 10 μM, atividade inibitória contra as HDACs 1 e 2 com valores superiores a 90%. Estes resultados mostram que os compostos planejados neste trabalho são potenciais inibidores de HDAC, sendo a molécula (22) a mais ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Reactivation of gamma-globin gene expression and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production through epigenetic mechanisms are valuable strategy to sickle cell anemia treatment. Early studies have demonstrated that histone deacetylase inhibition, especially HDAC-1 and HDAC-2, is a promising strategy to increase gamma-globin gene expression and HbF production without alteration in cell cycle or cell proliferation. At this work it was designed, by molecular modeling, new compounds HDAc 1 and 2 inhibitors. The molecular modeling studies has demonstrated how these compounds interacts with HDAC-2, being the subunit N-(2-aminophenyl)benzamide responsible for interact with the zinc atom of active site. During the optimization process, the docking score values hava changed from -9,8 to -12,3, which indicates better interactions with the receptor. It was synthesized and characterized eleven new compounds. Enzimatic assays have demonstrated that the enzymatic inhibition of the compounds varied from 83 to 96% against HDAC 1, 83-94% against HDAC 2 and 82-89% of HDAC 3. Compound (22) (4-(4-aminophenetyl)-N-(2-aminophenyl) benzamide was one of the most promisor among all compounds. At 10uM it was able to inhibit HDAC 1 and 2 more than 90%. These data has demonstrated that the design compounds in this work are potencial inhibitors of HDAC, being...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Raupp, Wagner de Aguiar. "Histona desacetilase 2 cortical está associada ao desempenho em paradigma de memória aversiva no processo de envelhecimento". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/170659.
Testo completoIncreasing attention has been paid to study the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of healthy aging process as well to seek therapeutic and protective strategies for age-related neurodegenerative diseases, since the aging population is growing. Epigenetic marks related to gene expression has been involved in aging brain process; increases in global histone desacetylase (HDAC) activity, enzyme involved with histone acetylation levels, has been found in aged brain areas. Our research group demonstrated that daily treadmill exercise protocol reduced global HDAC activity in frontal cortex immediately and 1hr after the last training session. The role of HDAC isoforms in aging process and exercise effects still needs to be elucidated. Taken that a specific HDAC isoform, HDAC2, has been involved with formation of hippocampus-dependent memory, the involvement of HDAC2 in aging process and exercise effects must be considered. Besides, it was described that voluntary exercise increases the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) through epigenetic mechanisms; while the forced exercise effects on BDNF levels seem be contradictory. Our aim was to evaluate the aging and exercise effects on HDAC2 and BDNF levels in prefrontal cortices of Wistar rats. Young adult and age male Wistar rats were submitted to a daily moderate treadmill exercise protocol (20 min/day during 14 days). The rats were assigned to sedentary and exercise groups. Single-trial step-down inhibitory avoidance (IA) conditioning was employed as an aversive memory paradigm. In the training trial (IA), rats were placed on a platform and immediately after stepping down on the grid received a footshock prior to removal from the apparatus. The test trial took place 24 hours after the training trial. Prefrontal cortices were obtained thirty minutes after inhibitory avoidance test, what was 1 hour after the last training session of exercise. HDAC2 levels were increased in cortices of aged rats. Moreover, a negative correlation was observed between HDAC2 content and aversive memory performance evaluated by inhibitory avoidance. Treadmill exercise did not alter the HDAC2 levels in any evaluated age. Aging process and treadmill exercise were unable to alter BDNF levels. Our results suggest that the age-related memory impairment may be associated with the increased HDAC2 levels.
Sant, Anna Gabriela dos Santos. "Efeito do extrato etanólico de curcuma longa sobre a atividade da enzima histona desacetilase no processo de envelhecimento cerebral". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/69642.
Testo completoWith the increase of life expectancy, an increase in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, for example, the Alzheimer‟s disease (AD),is estimated. Several interconnected pathophysiological processes are involved both in the aging process and neurodegenerative diseases, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. It has been described that epigenetic alterations may be related to the aging process, causing changes in gene expression in different regions of the brain, such as, histone acetylation (HAT), and histones deacetylases (HDAT). The HAT is responsible for causing a relaxation of chromatin and, thus, a better accessibility to the process of gene transcription, while HDAC causes further compactation of chromatin, resulting in gene transcription suppression. Considering the role of histone acetylation in the aging process, especially in neurodegenerative diseases, it has been suggested the use of strategies to increase the acetylation with neuroprotective purposes, such as, for example, the use of HDAC inhibitors. Several studies have shown that HDAC inhibitors are capable of improving the cognitive functions and memory formation. In this context, curcumin, a polyphenolic compound found in turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been shown to be capable of acting on epigenetic mechanisms, being suggested as potent inhibitor of HDAC. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of acute treatment with ethanol extract of Curcuma longa on the activity of histone deacetylases enzymes in brain structures, hippocampus and frontal cortex of Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats (3 and 20 months old) were randomly distributed into four groups: saline, vehicle (DMSO), Curcuma longa ethanol extract (10mg/kg and 50mg/Kg.) The histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity was measured 2 and 18 hours after administration, using specific ELISA kit. The three-way ANOVA showed a time effect (F(1,71)=4.238,p=0.044) after the administration of Curcuma longa ethanol extract and an age effect in hippocampus (F(1,71)=10.430,p=0.002), that is, 20-months Wistar rats presented a higher HDAC activity when compared to 3-months Wistar rats. In frontal cortex, the three-way ANOVA showed an age effect (F(1,75)=4.438,p=0.039) and an interaction between age and time (F(1,75)=1.765,p=0.001). In both structures, there was no effect of Curcuma longa extract administration. Our results show that the activity of histone deacetylase was increased in both structures of 20-months Wistar rats, suggesting that in the brain aging process it occurs a reduction in histone acetylation, which can reduce gene transcription. Furthermore, as there was a time effect on the levels of HDAC activity in both analyzed structures, the HDAC activity may be influenced by the circadian rhythm. The HDAC activity was higher in 18 – hour period (corresponding to the morning period) as compared to 2 - hour period (corresponding to the afternoon period). This finding may be related to chronobiology, in which the circadian organization allows the body to maintain homeostasis in response to daily changes arising from the external environment and the body itself. It is important to highlight that Wistar rats are nocturnal creatures, having the morning as the beginning of the sleep period. So, they can present a reduction in acetylation and a consequent reduction in gene expression during this period.
Valiati, Fernanda Endler. "Papel das histonas deacetilases na amígdala basolateral na modulação da memória emocional". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143055.
Testo completoIntroduction: Memory formation involves changes in the expression of neuronal genes. Epigenetic remodeling of chromatin and reversible post-translational modifications in the DNA or in the histone proteins represent central mechanisms in the regulation of gene expression during brain development and early learning or memory retrieval. Imbalances in the levels of histone acetylation are associated with a wide variety of brain disorders. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a key role in homeostasis of histone acetylation and regulation of fundamental cellular activities, such as transcription, making them a focus of study. Evidences shows that the administration of histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACis) restore the memory associated with the regulation of gene expression and improves memory in rats. Studies in animal models have shown that memory formation involves a series of biochemical changes in several areas of the central nervous system, which the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala (BLA) are the most highlighted. In this context, experimental drugs, such as trichostatin A (TSA), that act on epigenetic mechanisms, have recently been proposed as potential therapies for the treatment of memory and cognitive dysfunction associated with psychiatric and neurological disorders. Objective: In this work we aimed to understand and elucidate the role of histone acetylation in processes involved in memory modulation using the drug TSA and is based on the hypothesis that HDACs activity is essential for the modulation of learning answers in the inhibitory avoidance (IA) task. Methods: Wistar rats were cannulated bilaterally in the amygdala. The effects of TSA micro-infusions into the BLA were observed in the consolidation and extinction of memory after training in the inhibitory avoidance task and the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the BLA and hippocampus related to memory consolidation. Results: The results demonstrated that the TSA infusion into BLA 1.5 h , 3 h and 6 h posttraining in the inhibitory avoidance task results in improved long-term memory (LTM). TSA accelerated the extinction of memory when infused immediately post-test. In addition, increased levels of BDNF in the hippocampus. Conclusion: These results indicate that epigenetic events play an important role in learning and memory by HDAC activity.
Andrade, Pamela Viani de. "Inibidor de histona deacetilase (HDACi) como possível radiosensibilizante em linhagens celulares de glioblastoma pediátrico". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17144/tde-07012016-094449/.
Testo completoGlioblastoma (GBM) is considered one of the most aggressive tumors to affect the central nervous system (CNS). Even employing modern treatment protocols the prognosis remains very poor, with children affected by GBM presenting a median survival rate of 12 to 15 months. Epigenetic mechanisms may interfere with the process of tumorigenesis, and DNA acetylation can modulate the expression of genes that contribute in cell cycle control and participate to the development and progression of cancer. Clinical studies demonstrate that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACs), alone or in combination with other antineoplastic agents, are clinically active and well tolerated in the treatment of a wide variety of tumors. These inhibitors may sensitize the cellular response to ionizing radiation, enabling the reduction in standard doses of radiation, ultimately minimizing both short and long-term side effects. Ionizing radiation induces DNA damage and it is generally accepted that the double-stranded breaks (DSBs) is the most severe type of injury related to cell survival and preservation of genomic integrity. In the present study, we evaluated the potential radiosensitizer effect of PCI-24781, a novel potent pan-HDAC inhibitor in the pediatric GBM cell lines SF188 and KNS42. We compared the cell proliferation rates, apoptosis of clonogenicity of KNS42 and SF188, with or without treatment with PCI-24781. Moreover, clonogenicity rates were compared between cell lines that were irradiated with or without prior treatment with PCI-24781 Additionally, we evaluated the effects of PCI-24781 in the expression of some of the major proteins responsible for the repair of double-stranded breaks caused by the irradiation. For the cell proliferation assays, the times of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were used, for apoptosis, the time of 48h and clonogenic capacity without irradiation, the time of 48h, and different doses of PCI-24781 (0,25 - 16 M). The inhibitor significantly blocked cell proliferation (p<0,05), inducing cell death by apoptosis (p<0,05) and reducing the colony forming ability (p<0,001) of both lineages. In the assays to evaluate the radiosensitivity , the IC30 doses of the clonogenic assays were used for each cell-line after different doses of irradiation. Both lineages showed a significant decrease (p<0,001) in colony formation at all doses of irradiation. The most resistant cell-line to the drug, SF188, was 13 chosen to study the double-strand breaks repair caused by irradiation. The Rad51 protein levels, critical for homologous recombination (HR), and the DNA-PKcs proteins Ku70 and Ku86, important for DNA repair through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) showed significant decrease in expression when cell-line was treated with PCI-24781 prior to radiotherapy. These data demonstrates that the histone deacetylase inhibitor PCI-24781 plays an important role as a radiosensitizer agent, compromising the repair of double-strand breaks in pediatric GBM cells following irradiation.
Cornago, Protomártir Marta. "Caracterización de los efectos de los inhibidores de las histona desacetilasas en líneas celulares de glioma". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285601.
Testo completoEl glioblastoma multiforme és un dels tumors humans més agressius i de pitjor pronòstic. Actualment s'estan provant nous fàrmacs en la lluita contra aquest tipus de càncer, entre els quals es troben els inhibidors de les desacetilases d'histones (HDACi). Aquest treball s'ha centrat en caracteritzar els efectes de dos HDACi, l'àcid valproic (VPA) i l'àcid suberanilohidroxámico (SAHA) sobre les cèl•lules de glioma. Els nostres resultats demostren que els HDACi causen la mort de les cèl•lules de glioma i afecten la progressió del cicle cel•lular, a causa de la disminució de les quinases que regulen el punt de control G2 (Wee1 i Chk1), provocant així l'entrada de les cèl•lules en mitosi sense haver reparat el dany al DNA. En conseqüència, aquests fàrmacs provoquen la mort de les cèl•lules de glioma per apoptosi induïda per catàstrofe mitòtica.
Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most aggressive human tumors and has a poor prognosis. Currently, new drugs are being tested against glioblastoma such as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). This work has focused on characterizing the effects of two HDACi, valproic acid (VPA) and suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) on glioma cells. Our results demonstrate that the HDACi kill glioma cells and affect cell cycle progression due to a decrease in the expression of two G2 chekcpoint kinases (Wee1 and Chk1), causing the entry of cells into mitosis with damaged DNA. Consequently, these drugs cause glioma cells death by apoptosis induced by mitotic catastrophe.
Grande, Isabella Pacetti Pajaro. "Análise da expressão gênica das sirtuínas nos somatotropinomas e adenomas hipofisários clinicamente não funcionantes e sua relação com a invasividade tumoral". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-05062018-114625/.
Testo completoSirtuins 1-7 (SIRT) are a highly conserved family of histone deacetylases. In general, these proteins are involved in the regulation of longevity in several organisms, modulating the cellular response to oxidative stress. SIRTs can also regulate DNA repair, telomeric stability, cell senescence and apoptosis. Due to their functions, there is a growing interest in the role of sirtuins in tumorigenesis. However, these genes were not investigated in pituitary tumors so far. In this study, SIRT1-7 gene expression was evaluated in somatotropinomas and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) and related to tumor size and invasiveness. SIRT1-7 expression was also correlated with cellular senescence markers CDKN1A (p21) e CDKN2A (p16) and with the proto-oncogene PTTG (pituitary tumor transforming gene). Sixty-eight patients were selected, 37 with somatotropinomas and 31 with NFPA. Tumor invasion was observed in 33 patients. SIRT1-7, CDKN1A, CDKN2A and PTTG mRNA levels was evaluated from pituitary tumor samples by the real-time PCR using 2-??Ct relative quantification. Pronounced differences in SIRT1, 3, 4 and 7 expressions were identified between somatotropinomas and NFPA. Overexpression of SIRT1 was observed in 86.5% of somatotropinomas versus 41.9% of NFPA (P < 0.01) whereas underexpression was not detected. SIRT3 was more underexpressed in NFPA than somatotropinomas (77.4% and 40.5%, respectively, P < 0.01). SIRT4 was under and overexpressed, respectively, in 45.2% and 12.9% of NFPA and 16.2% and 24.3% of somatotropinomas (P=0.03). SIRT7 underexpression was also higher in NFPAs (67.7%) versus somatotropinomas (32.4%; P=0.01) with few cases showing overexpression. SIRT2 and 5 expressions did not differ between tumors subtypes and was not altered in relation to the normal pituitary gland pool. No statistically significant difference was observed in the expression of these genes between invasive and non-invasive tumor groups. However, SIRT1 and 3 expressions were related to tumor size. Mean of the largest tumor diameter was 2.4 ± 1.1 and 3.3 ± 1.3 (P < 0.01) in adenomas with SIRT1 over- and normal expression, respectively. On the other hand, cases with SIRT3 underepression exhibited larger tumors (3.1 ± 1.2) compared to cases with SIRT3 normal expression (2.2 ± 1.1, P < 0.01). Moderated (SIRT1-5.7) or strong (SIRT6) positive correlation was observed between sirtuins and CDKN1A expression. A weak correlation was observed with respect to CDKN2A expression and SIRTs 3-5. Regarding PTTG mRNA, only a weak correlation with SIRT1 and SIRT3 expression was observed. In conclusion, these results suggest that overexpression of SIRT1 and underexpression of SIRTs 3, 4 and 7 could be related to the tumorigenic process in somatotropinomas and NFPAs, respectively. SIRT1 and 3 could also play a role in control of pituitary adenomas cell proliferation
Guimarães, Douglas Magno. "Uso de inibidores de Histona Deacetilase como estratégia terapêutica para sensibilizar células-tronco tumorais a quimioterapia: uma nova visão terapêutica sobre carcinomas mucoepidermoide bucais". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23141/tde-21092015-164942/.
Testo completoMucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant salivary tumor compromising about 30% of all salivary malignances. Managing MEC patients remain challenging especially due to the heterogeneous response of tumor cells to available therapy. For this reason clinical outcome remains unpredictable. Current treatment of MEC encompasses surgical resection with eventual adjuvant radiotherapy, which frequently leads to functional and aesthetic complications. The use of chemotherapy is often reserved for recurrent and metastatic tumors. Administration of single-agent or combination therapy has showed activity, however overall response rates are unsatisfactory and of short duration. Emerging evidences suggest that the modest response of tumor cells to therapy resulting in high recurrence rates and poor survival, are associated with the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC). Quiescence of CSC is achieved by the reduced levels of transcription in a process that requires tight folding of DNA driven by core histone proteins. Changes in DNA folding are responsible for different cellular phenotypes mediated by a cell type-specific chromatin organization. Of interest, we also found that acetylation of HNSCC tumor histones driven by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors abrogate tumor resistance to chemotherapy. We investigate the effects of HDACi and cisplatin in the population of CSCs of MEC. Initially, we found that MEC tumors are composed by a heterogeneous population of squamous-like and mucous-like cells presenting distinct acetylation levels of histone 3 (Lys9). Tumor cells where treated with cisplatin and SAHA, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved histone deacetylase inhibitor. Surprisingly, we found that administration of SAHA resulted in complete depletion of MEC CSCs. In facts, SAHA alone surpassed the inhibitory therapeutic effects of cisplatin and the combined therapy using SAHA and cisplatin over the population of CSCs. We also found that administration of cisplatin to MEC tumor cells result in unexpected accumulation of a sub population of CSC (paraclones), suggesting a correlation between the administration of intercalating agents such as cisplatin to the development of resistance of MEC cells to chemotherapy.
Korb, Arthiese. "Efeito do treinamento aeróbico periodizado realizado em diferentes ambientes sobre parâmetros de estado oxidativo, inflamação e marcadores epigenéticos em sangue periférico de pacientes com diabetes Mellitus tipo 2". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115005.
Testo completoThe aim of this study was to analyze the effects of aerobic training periodization performed in aquatic or dry land environment on oxidative stress, inflammatory and epigenetic parameters in blood of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sedentary patients (55-64 years) diagnosed with T2DM with no regular physical activity were allocated in a water group or a dry land group through a blinded randomization. The exercise programs consisted in aerobic interval training sessions three times a week during 12 weeks involving deep-water walking or running in swimming pool with a life vest (water group) or walking or running on a track (land group). The intensities were determined by individual second ventilatory threshold, obtained through maximal effort test, performed in their specific training environment. Our protocol consists of a periodised training with four mesocycles of three weeks each during 3 months. The effects of first and last sessions, as well as, of 12 weeks training (without any effect of acute exercise) were investigated. Firstly, we evaluated several oxidative state parameters, specifically the reactive species content, the lipid peroxidation through the 8-isoprostane levels and the fluorescent substances formation, the protein damage by the content of tryptophan and tyrosine residues. Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity (TRAP) was evaluated, as well as the antioxidant enzyme activities, namely glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). There were decreases in the reactive species and isoprostane levels after the first and the last exercise session, indicating an acute effect of exercise even in trained subjects. The exercise reduced antioxidant enzyme activities without any effect on TRAP values. Interestingly, there were no significant differences between land group and water groups. Yet, it was studied the effect of our exercise protocol on blood global HDAC activity and cytokines, interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 1β (IL1β) and interleukin 10 (IL10), levels in type 2 diabetes patients. After 12 weeks of training in both environments, we observed an increase in IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Interestingly, the HDAC enzyme global activity increased acutely after first and last exercise session and there was a decrease after 12 weeks of training in both water and land groups. The results suggest that the periodization exercise performed in water and dry land environments is able to improve oxidative status, inflammatory and epigenetic parameters in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Costalonga, Elerson Carlos. "Análise do efeito do ácido valpróico no modelo experimental de fibrose peritoneal em ratos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-15122017-130211/.
Testo completoLong term peritoneal dialysis (PF) can induce peritoneal fibrosis and loss of ultrafiltration capacity of peritoneal membrane (PM). These peritoneal changes are due to prolonged exposure to peritoneal dialysis solutions, chemical irritants and acute peritonitis episodes that induce inflammation, neoangiogenesis and PM fibrosis. The Transforming Growth Factor (TGF-?) is the main mediator involved in the development of peritoneal fibrosis. Thus, drugs that inhibit the TGF-?/Smad pathway or inflammation are of particular interest in the treatment of PF. Valproic acid (VPA) is an histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. HDACs are enzymes that regulate chromatin conformation and gene expression. Recent studies have described HDACi as promising drugs in the treatment of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of VPA in an experimental model of peritoneal fibrosis in rats. Twenty four Wistar rats (initial weight of 280-320g) were divided into three experimental groups: CONTROL (n = 8), normal animals that received only saline ip; FP (n = 8), peritoneal fibrosis was induced by daily Gluconate Clorhexedine (GC) intraperitoneal (IP) injections for 15 days; FP+VPA (n = 8), animals with peritoneal fibrosis and treated with VPA. Daily valproic acid (300mg/kg) doses were administered by gavage simultaneously with the induction of peritoneal fibrosis in the FP+VPA group. At the end of experiments, the animals were submitted to euthanasia and samples of peritoneal tissue were collected for histology, immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence, and molecular biology. Also, a functional peritoneal test was performed. The FP group showed a significant thickening of PM due to the accumulation of extracellular matrix and inflammatory cellular infiltration. VPA treatment was able to significantly prevent PM thickening, maintaining the peritoneal thickness of the VPA group similar to that of the CONTROL group. The VPA administration also preserved peritoneal function in the FP+VPA group, avoiding the reduction of ultrafiltration and increasing of peritoneal glucose transport induced by GC. According to the histological changes mentioned above, the VPA hampered the upregulation of the pro-fibrotic genes (TGF-beta, FSP-1, and fibronectin) and increase in the myofibroblasts expression induced by GC injections. Interestingly, the peritoneal expression of phosphorylated Smad3 detected by immunohistochemistry and Smad3 mRNA was significantly higher in the FP group. However, this effect was attenuated by VPA treatment. On the other hand, VPA was able to induce an increase in the expression of the antifibrotic factors, such as BMP-7 and Smad7, in the peritoneal membrane. Besides its antifibrotic activity, VPA also showed anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects. Animals of the FP+VPA group showed a significant reduction of the PM expression of pro-inflmmatory cytokines, macrophage chemoattractants and, VEGF expression when compared with FP group. In conclusion, we have shown that VPA inhibits the progression of peritoneal fibrosis in a CG-induced peritoneal fibrosis model in rats. VPA inhibited different and important mechanisms involved in peritoneal membrane modifications induced by PD, as activation of TGF-beta/Smad pathway, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Notably, VPA induced the expression of antifibrotic factors. Our results are very interesting and shed lights on a new perspective for the treatment of peritoneal fibrosis. However, this is an exploratory study and future studies are needed before to translate this experimental finding into clinical application
Grilo, Cláudio Filipe Gonçalves. "Inibidores das desacetilases das histonas no tratamento de doenças com defeitos de memória". Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/46181.
Testo completoAs desacetilases das histonas (HDACs) têm um papel importante na homeostasia dos níveis de acetilação das histonas e algumas proteínas não-histonas, regulando assim processos celulares fundamentais como a transcrição. Este mecanismo epigenético, tal como outras modificações pós-tradução das histonas e a metilação do DNA, têm demonstrado ser importantes nos processos de aprendizagem e memória. De facto, existem cada vez mais evidências de que alterações na estrutura da cromatina estão envolvidas na etiologia de doenças neurodegenerativas e neuropsiquiátricas. Desse modo, os inibidores das HDACs (HDACi) têm exibido propriedades neuroprotectoras e neuroregenerativas em vários modelos de doenças como Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington, entre outras. De facto, as HDACs parecem ser um bom alvo terapêutico em doenças associadas a defeitos cognitivos, tendo já sido demonstrado que os HDACi conseguem reverter muitos destes defeitos através da indução da expressão de genes implicados nos processos de aprendizagem e memória, entre outros. O grande desafio continua a ser no entanto o desenvolvimento de um potente e eficaz inibidor das HDACs com excelente permeabilidade da barreira hemato-encefálica, com menos citotoxicidade e menos efeitos adversos.
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in homeostasis of acetylation levels of histones and other non-histone proteins, and thus regulating fundamental cellular activities such as transcription. These epigenetic mechanisms, as other posttranslational modifications of histones and DNA methylation, have shown to be important in learning and memory processes. In fact, there is accumulating evidence that altered chromatin plasticity is involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Therefore, HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) exhibit neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties in animal models of various brain diseases, like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and many others. In fact, HDACs seem to be a good therapeutic target in diseases associated with cognitive deficits, and it has been demonstrated that HDACi can reverse much of these deficits through the induction of gene expression related to learning and memory processes, and others. However, the great challenge is still the development of a potent and efficient HDAC inhibitor with an excellent permeability of the hematoencephalic barrier, with less citotoxicity and less side effects.
Silva, Fernanda Maria Gonçalves da. "Molecular mechanisms underlying the action of histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACIs) in ovarian cancer". Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/21372.
Testo completoRESUMO: O carcinoma do ovário é a neoplasia ginecológica mais letal. Vários fatores são identificados como responsáveis pela baixa eficácia no tratamento do carcinoma do ovário. Assim, é postulado que a elevada taxa de mortalidade se deve principalmente, a dificuldades no diagnóstico da doença numa fase inicial e à resistência à terapêutica convencional. Deste modo, a investigação de novas estratégias terapêuticas é essencial e urgente. A expressão aumentada das desacetilases de histonas (HDAC) identificada em carcinomas do ovário pode indicar que os inibidores de HDACs (HDACIs) possam ser uma alternativa terapêutica. Os HDACIs são uma classe de agentes anti-neoplásicos, que bloqueiam a desacetilação de histonas e outras proteínas, causando paragem do ciclo celular, diferenciação e/ou apoptose das células neoplásicas. Vários HDACIs estão a ser testados em ensaios clínicos, quer como agentes únicos quer em terapias combinadas, apresentando alguns resultados positivos no combate a vários tumores sólidos e hematológicos. Os mecanismos moleculares do efeito anti-tumoral dos HDACIs não estão completamente esclarecidos, nem a avaliação da sensibilidade e/ou resistência das células a fármacos com influência na regulação epigenética. O cancro do ovário é um conjunto vasto de neoplasias distintas sendo os carcinomas o grupo mais prevalente. Atualmente, não é possível, de modo fiável prever o curso clínico da doença nem a resposta individual à quimioterapia. No entanto, a identificação morfológica do tipo de carcinoma do ovário tem valor prognóstico independente em análise multivariada, pelo que a avaliação de potenciais biomarcadores que possam constituir alvos terapêuticos deverá ser efetuada de modo independente, pois previsivelmente cada tipo histológico deverá ter uma resposta específica ao tratamento. Por estas razões, a hipótese geral desta tese é que os HDACIs são fármacos úteis no tratamento do cancro do ovário, sendo o objetivo a avaliação de mecanismos subjacentes à ação destes fármacos em carcinomas de ovário de modo a permitir uma terapêutica mais eficaz. Neste projeto foram estudados apenas dois tipos histológicos de carcinoma do ovário: seroso de alto grau (HGSC), que é o mais frequente e o carcinoma de células claras (CCC) que apesar de pouco frequente é atualmente resistente à terapia convencional. Assim, um dos primeiros objetivos desta tese foi caracterizar o perfil de expressão das HDACs em carcinomas do ovário e validar a relevância de testar HDACIs como agentes de regulação epigenética, no tratamento do carcinoma do ovário. Os resultados em doentes com cancro do ovário mostram que o perfil de expressão das HDACs se associa ao tipo histológico. No HGSC verifica-se uma associação das HDACs 2, 3, 4 e das HDAC4/5/7 fosforiladas, enquanto que no carcinoma de células claras (CCC), as HDAC1, 2 e 6 apresentam níveis elevados de expressão e verifica-se uma diminuição da expressão da HDAC3, HDAC4 e das HDAC4/5/7 fosforiladas. A expressão das HDACs 2, 3, 4 e das HDAC4/5/7 fosforiladas estão associadas ao tipo histológico sendo mais expressas no HGSC. A expressão da HDAC3 está ainda associada a parâmetros clínicos, nomeadamente ao estádio mais avançado e à metastização; bem como a HDAC4c e a HDAC4/5/7 fosforiladas. Considerando que as HDACs estão sobre-expressas nestes tipos histológicos de carcinomas do ovário, seguidamente, pretendemos avaliar o efeito epigenético dos HDACIs em modelos in vitro de carcinoma de ovário e compreender as alterações decorrentes da exposição aos HDACIs, bem como perceber o efeito destes na dinâmica molecular e viabilidade celular. Para tal, usamos duas linhas celulares, de dois tipos histológicos já avaliados, uma linha de HGSC - OVCAR3 e uma linha celular de CCC - ES2. Os resultados indicam que os HDACI induzem a morte celular em ambas as linhas celulares, principalmente através da apoptose, avaliada por citometria de fluxo. Este resultado foi evidenciado na linha celular ES2 exposta ao vorinostat, pelo estudo da imunofluorescência da caspase 3 clivada e da avaliação da razão das proteínas BAX/BCL-2, que aumentou após a exposição ao vorinostat. Os resultados também indicam que a associação de diferentes tipos de fármacos potencia o efeito da quimioterapia convencional e os HDACIs, em particular o vorinostat, tendo um efeito cumulativo na morte celular, principalmente na linha celular ES2 (CCC). A migração celular também é afetada pelo vorinostat em ambas as linhas celulares de carcinoma de ovário. Os resultados mostram também que o vorinostat induz aumento do HNF1β e ao mesmo tempo paragem do ciclo celular e apoptose nas células ES2. O aumento da expressão do HNF1β é acompanhado pelo aumento dos seus níveis da acetilação. Este estudo confirma que a modulação epigenética afeta a conformação da cromatina e da expressão genética, mas também pode alterar a função e o turnover de outras proteínas além das histonas. Pela primeira vez é observado que a proteína HNF1β pode ser acetilada, contudo serão necessários mais estudos para validar o papel da acetilação na função e degradação da proteína HNF1β. Nesta tese foi avaliado também a modulação de outras vias de sinalização importantes no carcinoma do ovário, como por exemplo a via Notch através da exposição a HDACIs, nomeadamente vorinostat e ácido butírico. E os nossos resultados mostram que o vorinostat ativa a via Notch nas linhas celulares de CCC e HGSC, através de diferentes ligandos da via Notch. No CCC, a ativação da via Notch parece ocorrer através dos ligandos Delta (Dll) 1, 2 e 3, enquanto nos HGSC, os ligandos Dll1, Jagged 1 e 2 são os mais expressos. A ativação da via Notch pelo vorinostat, em ambas linhas celulares, culminou na expressão aumentada dos mesmos genes alvo da via Notch, Hes1 e 5 e Hey 1 e 2. Assim, o vorinostat modula a expressão de vários fatores de transcrição da via Notch, independentemente do painel de receptores e dos ligandos expressos nas linhas de HGSC e CCC. Esta redundância da via Notch pode explicar porque a terapêutica isolada com vorinostat falha no tratamento do carcinoma do ovário, como observado em vários ensaios clínicos. Por fim, no decorrer dos trabalhos apresentados, e considerando a importância das linhas celulares na compreensão da biologia do cancro e nos mecanismos de sensibilidade e resistência das células aos fármacos, foi estabelecida uma linha celular, IPO-SOC43 a partir de líquido ascítico de uma doente com HGSC que havia sido previamente tratada com quimioterapia neoadjuvante.Foram efetuados estudos de caracterização desta linha que demonstram que a linha celular IPO-SOC43 é de origem epitelial e que mantém características morfológicas e moleculares do tumor primário. As células mantêm-se em cultura em monocamada (2D) e em agregados em 3D, com taxas de proliferação e viabilidade dentro do esperado para uma linha neoplásica maligna. O sucesso da viabilidade em culturas 3D permite o seu uso em ensaios mais complexos, nomeadamente, na análise da contribuição dos vários componentes do microambiente tumoral na progressão da doença e resposta à terapêutica. A linha celular IPO-SOC43 está disponível para ser utilizada experimentalmente e esperamos que possa contribuir para enriquecer os modelos in vitro que abordam a heterogeneidade dos EOC e desenvolver novas modalidades terapêuticas. Em suma, os resultados contribuem para a implementação racional de novas e diferentes abordagens terapêuticas. Os resultados mostram que in vitro há benefício de terapêutica combinada, utilizando fármacos com ação de modelação epigenética e terapia convencional. Esta tese também abre caminho para estudos futuros mais detalhados sobre a função das HDACs na dinâmica celular e não só na regulação epigenética, bem como também na análise de mecanismos subjacentes à ação de proteínas codificadas por genes relevantes em cada tipo histológico de carcinoma do ovário. Espera-se assim, que a compreensão dos mecanismos subjacentes à ação dos fármacos envolvidos na regulação epigenética possa fornecer orientações para estratégias terapêuticas mais específicas e personalizadas.