Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Innovation theories"

L'objet de la these est l'analyse de l'evolution des agglomerations productives composees principalement de PMI. L'angle d'entree pour comprendre ces evolutions est le processus d'innovation des firmes. Le cadre d'analyse elabore repose sur les travaux fondateurs de A. Marshall sur l'evolution et le district industriel, de G. B. Richardson sur la cooperation, B. J. Loasby sur la connaissance et des developpements recents en economie regionale sur l'espace territoire et les economies de proximite. L'hypothese de recherche est que des combinaisons differenciees de la proximite organisationnelle et de la proximite institutionnelle ont des consequences sur les processus d'innovation des firmes et l'aptitude des acteurs locaux a repondre collectivement aux enjeux productifs presents et anticipes pour l'avenir. Nous illustrons cette hypothese en comparant les evolutions differenciees d'un district industriel, la vallee de l'Arve en France, et d'un ensemble de PME, le jura bernois en Suisse<br>The thesis is about the evolution of SME's agglomeration. We focus on the innovation process of the firm. The theoretical tools are : the works of A. Marshall on evolution and industrial district, G. B. Richardson on co-operation and B. J. Loasby on economics knowledge. Our analysis is also based on the new spatial approaches of territory and proximity. We demonstrate that different combinations of organisational and institutional proximity imply first the differentiation of innovation process and secondly the ability of local actors to manage collectively the present and future issues. In this perspective, we have compared the evolution of an industrial district, the vallee de l'Arve in France, and a cluster of SME, the jura bernois in Switzerland

This dissertation seeks to understand how organizations adopt a disruptive technology, open source software. Five cross-sectional case studies at municipal governments were performed using a theoretical model based off of eight organizational adoption theories. Results of the case studies highlight how each construct from each theory was present at the organizations. However each construct was of variable influence based upon organizational characteristics and the time or stage of adoption.

Coesione e competitività sono i principali obiettivi della politica regionale Europea. È però possibile che investimenti in competitività possano beneficiare maggiormente le regioni più sviluppate, a discapito della coesione. Si tratta di una contraddizione? In questo lavoro si risponde a questa domanda approfondendo tre argomenti. Il primo riguarda le determinanti della crescita regionale. Il secondo interessa il ruolo degli spillover di conoscenza per l’innovazione regionale. Il terzo è relativo al contributo delle infrastrutture di conoscenza all’attività innovativa regionale. I principali risultati possono essere sintetizzati in questa maniera. Una più alta crescita nella regioni meno sviluppate è importante ma non sufficiente a garantire convergenza. La crescita, nel lungo periodo, è determinata dagli investimenti in conoscenza, che producono rendimenti crescenti. La mancanza di sviluppo nelle regioni più arretrate può essere attribuita a questi divari di conoscenza, non sempre facili da colmare. Le esternalità alla base dei rendimenti crescenti sono estremamente localizzate e non si diffondono facilmente nelle economie. D’altra parte la conoscenza non si produce solamente con investimenti in ricerca. La promozione della ristrutturazione economica regionale verso modelli basati sulla conoscenza dovrebbe dedicare particolare attenzione alle fonti esterne di conoscenza, quali, accanto alle università, i servizi ad alto contenuto di conoscenza.<br>Cohesion and competitiveness are the two main objectives of the EU regional policy. It seems however that improving competitiveness will benefit developed regions more, implying a less cohesive Europe. Is that a contradiction? This work answers this question by studying three related topics. The first concerns the determinants of regional growth in Europe. The second is about the importance of interregional knowledge spillovers for the regional innovative activity. The third is related to the way knowledge infrastructures can shape regional innovative activity. The main results can be summarized as follows. The higher growth in least developed region is important but not sufficient to catch-up. Growth, in the long-run, is determined by investments in knowledge, which produce increasing returns. The lack of development of lagging regions could be accordingly ascribed to the existence of knowledge gaps which are not as easy to be filled. Knowledge externalities, the essence of the more than proportional returns, are extremely localized and do not necessarily spread across the economies. However knowledge is not only produced through R&D. The promotion of economic restructuring of lagging regions toward a knowledge-based economy should deserve special attention to external knowledge sources like, alongside universities, Knowledge Intensive Business Services.