Tesi: "Insurance risk management"

1

Lin, Yijia. "Mortality Risk Management". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/rmi_diss/14.

Abstract (sommario):

This is a multi–essay dissertation in the area of mortality risk management. The first essay investigates natural hedging between life insurance and annuities and then proposes a mortality swap between a life insurer and an annuity insurer. Compared with reinsurance, capital markets have a greater capacity to absorb insurance shocks, and they may offer more flexibility to meet insurers’ needs. Therefore, my second essay studies securitization of mortality risks in life annuities. Specifically I design a mortality bond to transfer longevity risks inherent in annuities or pension plans to financial markets. By explicitly taking into account the jumps in mortality stochastic processes, my third essay fills a gap in the mortality securitization modeling literature by pricing mortality securities in an incomplete market framework. Using the Survey of Consumer Finances, my fourth essay creates a new financial vulnerability index to examine a household’s life cycle demand for different types of life insurance.

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2

Fischer, Tom. "Valuation and risk management in life insurance". Phd thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://elib.tu-darmstadt.de/diss/000412.

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3

Siyi, Zhou. "Essays on financial and insurance risk management". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.586894.

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This thesis conducts several empirical analyses of important issues in modern quantitative risk management The first exercise examines the joint distribution of changes in agency credit ratings. We estimate both intra- and inter-industry correlations using Maximum Likelihood techniques. The analysis is performed unconditionally and then conditional on de-trended GDP. The latter estimates may be used for macro stress testing in which the credit quality of a portfolio is simulated conditional on a hypothesized future path of real output. Following the financial crisis, banks and regulators are increasingly relying on stress tests to understand portfolio risk. Particularly important has been macro stress testing in which the effects of macroeconomic scenarios on bank portfolios are traced through. The second exercise builds on Pesaran, Schuermann, and Weiner (2004) in devising and implementing macro stress testing techniques for a bank credit portfolio. In contrast to this and earlier studies, richer dependencies of credit market conditions on macroeconomic variables are developed. Specifically, the model allows sovereign ratings, the credit quality of corporate credit exposures (categorized by rating and maturity) and credit spreads to be driven by macroeconomic developments The challenges in understanding enterprise-wide risk are exacerbated when very different financial organizations are combined. The third exercise devises a unified framework for analysing risk in bancassurance organizations and employs this to examine the diversification benefits of conglomerates involving general insurance and traditional banking.

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4

Mutenga, Stanley. "Risk management for property casualty insurance companies". Thesis, City University London, 2001. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7600/.

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This thesis addresses the need to reduce inefficiencies in management of insurance company risk capital. The laxity in managing the cost of capital is a result of dysfunctional property/casualty risk classification and capital accumulation practices in the insurance industry. We reclassify risk based on both peril and financial functional features, in order to capture all the facets of risk affecting a firm and ultimately to achieve optimal capital allocation. With the purpose of reducing inefficiencies in mind, we explore and isolate the impact of regulation on insurance company profitability. We use barrier option pricing models to mimic the impact of solvency requirements on firm-wide risk. This methodology of measuring risk is better than plain vanilla option pricing models, in that, through the option to an early default, we are able to capture the economic significance of financial distress, and allocate firm-wide risk capital. The firm-wide risk is incidentally used to empirically test the impact of risk on the cost of carry, the quality of operational profitability and forward asset commitment per unit of liabilities. Our empirical test confirms a strong relationship between firm-level risk, and the cost of carry, return on policyholders' surplus and the cost of capital per contract underwritten. The results are better than previous results obtained using plain vanilla option-pricing models and reveal the importance of incorporating solvency requirements in defining the economic significance of insolvency. The results also points to the importance of advised risk classification procedures to the whole process of integrated risk measurement and financing, which we explore in this study.

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5

Siokis, Vasilios. "Risk measurement and management of insurance companies". Thesis, City University London, 2001. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8400/.

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This thesis reviews some fundamental risk measurement and management concepts that insurance companies will face in the following years. The first chapter evaluates the theoretical and practical framework of the different approaches with respect to the determination of regulatory capital held by insurance companies. A critical assessment and substantial interpretation of these approaches is performed. Moreover, a number of new approaches is brought forward in order to add a more thorough and clear way of evaluating the level of the regulatory capital. Then, we provide evidence of the presence of the underwriting cycle in the UK. The underwriting cycle has been identified in a number of OECD and non-OECD countries and highlights the different stages and maturity of the insurance market. A number of reasons for the presence of this cycle is presented and evaluated in contrast with the reasons behind the underwriting cycle in other countries. The level of profitability of the insurance companies is used to determine the presence of the cycle. In the third chapter, profitability and cost of capital are connected with the credit rating assigned by credit agencies to insurance companies. The credit risk that insurance companies face is explained by the use of financial ratios that explicitly explain the particular credit rating. The credit rating is implicitly connected with the cost of capital, which in turn is explained by the level of the credit spread between the Treasury Yield and European bonds. Finally, securitisation as an alternative method of minimizing credit and market risk is analyzed. Different structures of securitised deals are presented and evaluated. The benefits of securitisation are presented in a systematic way.

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6

Agarwal, Ruchi. "Implementation of Enterprise Risk Management practices". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25823.

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The existence of complexity, uncertainty and ambiguity in current business environment promotes corporates need to establish good risk governance. Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) has been considered as a way to achieve good risk governance to deal with both upside (e.g. exploit opportunities) and downside (e.g. reduce insolvency) of risk and uncertainty. ERM holistically treats all risk to achieve organisation objective in normal, volatile and crisis situations. The thesis tackles issues in the implementation of ERM and how it has been adopted and implemented in Indian and UK insurance market. Mixed research methods have been employed from a qualitative stand point to explore the research issues, consisting of two surveys in UK and India, over 50 interviews and two case studies in the Indian and UK insurance markets. The research revealed that there is an ambiguity in the understanding of the definitions of ERM and risk appetite across both countries. Major issues in ERM implementation in Indian insurance market are fraud, under-risk reporting and insufficient resources to develop an appropriate risk culture. In the UK insurance market issues are related to customer complaints, fines/penalties, over-risk reporting and lack of capital efficiency. Regulatory risk seen as a major risk in both market, though, in the Indian market lack of regulation is the issue whereas in the UK insurance market lack of clarity in insurance regulation has been emphasised. From intuitional theory and strategic change perspective, the research presents cross-country comparative case studies highlighting four emerging ERM strategies based on the different state of development and maturity of companies: ‘Rudimentary’, ‘Anticipatory’, ‘Resilient’ and ‘Transformatory’ strategies. The case studies highlight the issues within the two insurance companies both internally and externally in a nascent and a mature market. Before companies can adopt a transformatory strategy, both companies require a fundamental understanding of strategic change that eventually can pave the way to good risk governance. Adopting the cognitive lens of strategic change will not only enhance company specific risk-based capabilities but it will improve industry risk-based capabilities through development of professional competence.

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7

Jabbour, Mirna. "Investigation of risk management changes in insurance companies". Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7964.

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This thesis studies the change process of risk management practices associated with the implementation of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and the extent to which it can lead to changes in capital allocation practices. The study develops a theoretical framework to study risk management changes, which draws on structuration theory (Giddens, 1979, 1984) and institutional theory, particularly the institutional framework of Burns and Scapens (2000), as well as new institutional sociology theory. A two-stage empirical study was undertaken in non-life insurance companies. The first stage was a field study of 10 listed non-life insurance companies, while the second stage was a case study of a large non-life insurance company. Multiple data collection methods were used including semi-structured interviews, documentary evidence, annual reports, and publicly available data. Findings show internal, coercive, and normative pressures have mainly driven the ERM adoption decision. The literature supports the impact of coercive, mimetic, and normative pressures on the trend toward ERM in financial industries. However, the study finds that internal pressures related to achieving the company's objectives are either equal to or surpass the external pressures. The study also provides empirical evidence of the changes in risk management practices, which include capital allocation change process associated with ERM implementation. Effective capital allocation requires the incorporation of ERM elements in the whole process of allocating capital. Furthermore, new capital allocation routines and institutions are produced. The study shows that the risk-based capital allocation method is intra- and extra-institutionalised at the company level. The main contribution of this thesis is to identify the nature of ERM adoption and implementation in insurance companies. More specifically, this study provides a better understanding of the institutional forces driving ERM adoption and offers empirical evidence on ERM implementation and the change in risk management practices (routines) within nonlife insurance companies. Moreover, this study avoids the limitations of previous research that was based on surveys, and it does so by conducting an exploratory field study and explanatory case study to address the changes in risk management practices. Practices and process need to be located in their institutional context and hence cannot be reflected in surveys.

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8

Siu, Tak-kuen. "Risk measures in finance and insurance". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2323426X.

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9

Li, Chenxuan. "Risk management in ship finance : a marine insurance perspective". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33735.

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Abstract (sommario):

The long-standing concept of risk management in the financial sector has attracted more attention after the financial crisis of 2007–2008. In the context of ship finance, marine insurance has proven itself to be an effective tool to transfer certain shipping risks to insurers who are not directly involved in the ship finance projects. This thesis provides original suggestions concerning the role of marine insurance in ship finance, combining a financial perspective, an insurance perspective and a legal perspective. Marine insurance is a key risk management technique that fits into the general risk management process adopted by ship financiers. However, it is not necessarily the most appropriate technique in every particular case due to its limitations and costs. As a result, insurance gaps are identified to assist financiers in optimising the use of marine insurance and to help insurers to spot business opportunities. Marine insurance is a contract which is to be governed by and construed in accordance with the law. At the same time, marine insurance is a contract rather than a guarantee: if something goes wrong in the ship finance package and there is a marine policy, it should not be assumed that the policy represents money in the bank. Things can go wrong under the policy: apart from the legal risks relating to claims under the policy, the law itself may be a risk. In the context of ship finance, the risk transfer is not the only role of marine insurance. Other roles include, inter alia, reducing capital costs, improving the liquidity of shipowners and shipbuilders, and providing peace of mind for ship financiers. Nevertheless, such roles can only be created and sustained if the insurance contracts are carefully drafted and the legal risks are properly managed. The intention has been to state the law as it stands on October 28, 2017.

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10

Leboho, Nakedi Wilson. "Quantitative Risk Management and Pricing for Equity Based Insurance Guarantees". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96980.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015
ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Equity-based insurance guarantees also known as unit-linked annuities are annuities with embedded exotic, long-term and path-dependent options which can be categorised into variable and equity indexed annuities, whereby investors participate in the security markets through insurance companies that guarantee them a minimum of their invested premiums. The difference between the financial options and options embedded in equity-based policies is that financial ones are financed by the option buyers’ premiums, whereas options of the equity-based policies are financed by also continuous fees that follow the premium paid first by the policyholders during the life of the contracts. Other important dissimilarities are that equity-based policies do not give the owner the right to sell the contract, and carry not just security market related risk, but also insurance related risks such as the selection rate, behavioural, mortality, others and the systematic longevity. Thus equity-based annuities are much complicated insurance products to precisely value and hedge. For insurance companies to successfully fulfil their promise of eventually returning at least initially invested amount to the policyholders, they have to be able to measure and manage risks within the equity-based policies. So in this thesis, we do fair pricing of the variable and equity indexed annuities, then discuss management of financial market and insurance risks management.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Aandeel-gebaseerde versekering waarborg ook bekend as eenheid-gekoppelde annuiteite is eksotiese, langtermyn-en pad-afhanklike opsies wat in veranderlike en gelykheid geindekseer annuiteite, waardeur beleggers neem in die sekuriteit markte deur middel van versekering maatskappye wat waarborg hulle ’n minimum van geklassifiseer kan word hulle belˆe premies. Die verskil tussen die finansi¨ele opsies en opsies is ingesluit in aandele-gebaseerde beleid is dat die finansi¨ele mense is gefinansier deur die opsie kopers se premies, terwyl opsies van die aandele-gebaseerde beleid word deur ook deurlopende fooie wat volg op die premie wat betaal word eers deur die polishouers gefinansier gedurende die lewe van die kontrakte. Ander belangrike verskille is dat aandele-gebaseerde beleid gee nie die eienaar die reg om die kontrak te verkoop, en dra nie net markverwante risiko sekuriteit, maar ook versekering risiko’s, soos die seleksie koers, gedrags, sterftes, ander en die sistematiese langslewendheid. So aandeel-gebaseerde annuiteite baie ingewikkeld versekering produkte om presies waarde en heining. Vir versekeringsmaatskappye suksesvol te vervul hul belofte van uiteindelik ten minste aanvanklik belˆe bedrag terug te keer na die polishouers, hulle moet in staat wees om te meet en te bestuur risiko’s binne die aandeel-gebaseerde beleid. So in hierdie tesis, ons doen billike pryse van die veranderlike en gelykheid geïndekseer annuiteite, bespreek dan die bestuur van finansiele markte en versekering risiko’s bestuur.

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11

Paiz, Fernando. "Political risk insurance : a solution to capital flight?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67102.

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12

Sundin, Jesper. "Risk contribution and its application in asset and risk management for life insurance". Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188873.

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Abstract (sommario):

In risk management one important aspect is the allocation of total portfolio risk into its components. This can be done by measuring each components' risk contribution relative to the total risk, taking into account the covariance between components. The measurement procedure is straightforward under assumptions of elliptical distributions but not under the commonly used multivariate log-normal distributions. Two portfolio strategies are considered, the "buy and hold" and the "constant mix" strategy. The profits and losses of the components of a generic portfolio strategy are defined in order to enable a proper definition of risk contribution for the constant mix strategy. Then kernel estimation of risk contribution is performed for both portfolio strategies using Monte Carlo simulation. Further, applications for asset and risk management with risk contributions are discussed in the context of life insurance.
En viktig aspekt inom riskhantering är tilldelning av total portföljrisk till tillångsportföljens beståndsdelar. Detta kan åstadkommas genom att mäta riskbidrag, som även kan ta hänsyn till beroenden mellan risktillgångar. Beräkning av riskbidrag är enkel vid antagande om elliptiska fördelningar så som multivariat normalfördelning, men inte vid antagande om multivariat log-normalfördelning där analytiska formler saknas. Skillnaden mellan riskbidragen inom två portföljstrategier undersöks. Dessa strategier är "buy and hold" och "constant mix" (konstant ombalansering). Tilldelning av resultaten hos de olika beståndsdelarna med en generisk portföljstrategi härleds för att kunna definiera riskbidrag för "constant mix" portföljstrategin. "Kernel estimering" används för att estimera riskbidrag genom simulering. Vidare diskuteras applikationer för tillgångs- och riskhantering inom ramen för livförsäkringsbolag.

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13

Taylan, Arzu. "Urban Disaster Risk Management With Compulsory Earthquake Insurance In Turkey". Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611234/index.pdf.

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Turkish Compulsory Earthquake Insurance (ZDS) introduced after the 1999 Earthquakes aimed to lower financial burdens of the State and to promote safer building construction. High earthquake risk in Turkey necessitates risk mitigation, in line with the priority of the new international policy. Yet, the ZDS system operates without regard to risk mitigation, and it is far from being a compulsory condition. The ZDS system has low penetration ratios due to expectations of State-aid in the event of a disaster, which arise from perceived attributes of ZDS, according to the findings of the Zeytinburnu household survey. The ZDS system generates social inequalities because purchase of the ZDS contracts is voluntary. This is related to higher social statuses and general insurance purchase behavior, whereas insured homeowners in middle-lower income levels are observed to differ significantly from un-insured homeowners in their perception of the ZDS purchase as &lsquo
compulsory&rsquo
and as a form of &lsquo
social solidarity&rsquo
. Operation of the ZDS disregarding risk mitigation seems to promote fatalistic attitudes andTurkish Compulsory Earthquake Insurance (ZDS) introduced after the 1999 Earthquakes aimed to lower financial burdens of the State and to promote safer building construction. High earthquake risk in Turkey necessitates risk mitigation, in line with the priority of the new international policy. Yet, the ZDS system operates without regard to risk mitigation, and it is far from being a compulsory condition. The ZDS system has low penetration ratios due to expectations of State-aid in the event of a disaster, which arise from perceived attributes of ZDS, according to the findings of the Zeytinburnu household survey. The ZDS system generates social inequalities because purchase of the ZDS contracts is voluntary. This is related to higher social statuses and general insurance purchase behavior, whereas insured homeowners in middle-lower income levels are observed to differ significantly from un-insured homeowners in their perception of the ZDS purchase as &lsquo
compulsory&rsquo
and as a form of &lsquo
social solidarity&rsquo
. Operation of the ZDS disregarding risk mitigation seems to promote fatalistic attitudes and reluctance to conform with requirements of risk mitigation. Low penetration ratio and high earthquake risk threaten efficiency of the ZDS system and does not reduce burdens of the State. Based on survey findings, a more appropriate strategy for the achievement of resilience against earthquakes could be possible through the collaboration of the ZDS system with local administrations. It is observed that by means of a &lsquo
Grant Program&rsquo
, there may be abundant reason and evidence to achieve convertion of the ZDS system from a post-disaster loss compensation mechanism to a predisaster risk reduction benefactor. Supporting municipalities to produce urban risk maps could reduce risks by more accurate estimation of potential losses, and an extended coverage of the ZDS system to urban risks. Relationship analyses between homeowners&rsquo
attributes, perceptions and tendencies toward alternative policies indicate the necessity of introducing policies based risk-rated premiums. Homeowners are observed as requiring technical and financial assistance to take mitigation measures, decisions under individualized conditions, on the other hand, seem to reinforce fatalistic attitudes and reluctance due to the disregard of risk mitigation benefits and ZDS purchase. Waste of public resources and creation of social inequalities could be prevented by enhancing the capacities of local authorities to implement urban risk mitigation plans and community-based projects via a Grant Program. &lsquo
Relationship analyses&rsquo
of the attitudes of homeowners for alternative policies with respect to their attributes and perceptions revealed that a Grant Program could result in the perception of the ZDS system as a form of social solidarity in risk mitigation. This is to reduce fatalistic attitudes, and curb reluctance compared to individualized conditions of insurance purchase. As a result, willingness to mitigate risks through active participation and purchase of ZDS contracts, particularly among homeowners in the middle-lower socio-economic statuses are likely to expand leading to a resilience society.

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14

Jiang, Yuansheng. "Health insurance demand and health risk management in rural China /". Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/387845968.pdf.

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15

蕭德權 e Tak-kuen Siu. "Risk measures in finance and insurance". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242297.

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16

Chen, Shu-Ling. "Three essays on agricultural and catastrophic risk management". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1179368620.

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17

Roselle, Russell Paul. "Rational Corporate Risk Management Policy: An Extension of Traditional Risk Management Theory to Incorporate Observed Managerial Behavior". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31910.

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Abstract (sommario):

There is qualitative and anecdotal evidence that corporate management deviates from received risk management theory. These deviations include: an overall hesitancy to accept projects with greater levels of total risk, increased return requirements compensating for firm-specific risk, employment of hedging strategies, the insuring of diversifiable risks, corporate diversification outside of the industry constraint, and the utilization of portfolio and other variance reducing methods. The literature primarily contributes these behaviors to principal/agent conflicts. Evidence from studies on these deviations support strong arguments based in resource scarcity, cost and availability of capital, employee/community stability, and the increases in bankruptcy costs that these risk management deviation are in the interest of shareholders. When considered in the context of the long-term impact on value, the observed deviations from received corporate risk management theory contribute substantively to the perpetuation of the firm as a long-term store of value. This paper supports two hypotheses: (1) the deviation from received risk management theory by corporate managers is broadly practiced, and (2) these deviations are generally in the interest of shareholders.
Master of Arts

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18

Reynecke, Werner Nielen. "Enterprise risk management in the South African insurance industry / W.N. Reynecke". Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4215.

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The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) in the South African insurance industry. Firstly, this dissertation attempts to ascertain the current composition of the different facets of ERlVL These different facets are discussed in detail in the dissertation. The first of these include the insurance industry's definition of ERM followed by the tools and techniques involved in implementing Efu\1- driven risk management programmes. The third facet is the regulatory measures which form part of the industry. This provides a proper link with the fourth facet, namely that of the exponents applying ERM and how their roles are governed by regulatory bodies. Another facet is the training programmes that exist to educate insurance industry players and entrants to efficiently use EM1. The sixth facet motivates why ERM is actually used by delineating the benefits connected with Efu\1 processes. The dissertation furthermore investigates the extent to which ER11 is already incorporated in the South African insurance industry. A questionnaire ,vas completed by industry members in order to obtain an insight into the practical side of ERM that reigns in South Africa today.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Risk Analysis)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

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19

Vo, Dinh-Tri. "Essays on enterprise risk management : the case of european insurance industry". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLE018/document.

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Abstract (sommario):

Dans un monde de plus en plus intégré, les entreprises doivent affronter un grand nombre de risques avec une plus grande complexité. Gérer les risques complexes avec une vision globale, holistique à tous les niveaux est vital pour les assureurs car le risque est dans leur cœur de leur métier. Toutefois, à périmètre réglementaire constant, les différentes stratégies de gestion de risques ne donneraient toujours pas les mêmes résultats.Cette thèse de doctorat cherche à examiner trois aspects de la gestion des risques des entreprises (ERM) pour le secteur de l'assurance européenne :i) les typologies s des compagnies d’ assurance qui mettent en œuvre l'ERM,ii) l'impact de l'ERM sur les performances de l'entreprise,et iii) la relation entre ERM et solvabilité.Bien que le marché européen de l’assurance représente un tiers du marché mondial, la majorité des études empiriques portant sur l’ERM dans le marché de l’assurance sont basées sur des données américaines. En outre, les exigences de Solvabilité II ont poussé les assureurs en Europe de se conformer à l’ERM. Le premier essai de la thèse étudie les caractéristiques de (101) cent-un compagnies d’assurance cotées dans l'Union Européenne, comprenant notamment la taille, l’ancienneté, l’effet de levier, le type d'entreprise, la diversification des activités, les investissements à long terme, et certains indicateurs de performance (les ratios combinés, ROA, Tobin's Q, et EPS). En utilisant le modèle Probit sur des données de panel avec les effets aléatoires, les résultats obtenus montrent que les compagnies d'assurance ont tendance à adopter l'ERM lorsqu’elles ont un niveau d’endettement élevé, une taille importante et une concentration sur leur cœur de métier. De plus, ces entreprises investissent davantage sur le long terme, ont une valeur de marché élevée, et se trouvent dans les marchés développés. Ces résultats corroborent les conclusions de plusieurs études dans la littérature i.e. Pagach and Warr (2011), Hoyt and Liebenberg (2011).Dans le deuxième essai, j'étudie l'impact de l'ERM sur la performance de l'entreprise au regard de deux indicateurs: valeur de marché et valeur comptable. Suivant les résultats de l’identification des éléments déterminant l’adoption de l’ERM (premier essai), l’échantillon de base peut être divisé en deux groupes de compagnies d’assurance: un groupe avec ERM et un groupe sans ERM. Afin de tenir compte d’éventuel problème d’endogénéité entre la performance et l’ERM, et de possibles biais relatifs à la sélection de l'échantillon, l’approche d’estimation en deux étapes de Heckman (avec le ratio de Mills inversé) et les instruments internes de Hausman-Taylor sont utilisés. Les résultats obtenus sont en faveur de l’hypothèse selon laquelle l'ERM a un impact positif et significatif sur la performance des entreprises. Ces résultats complètent les études précédentes qui préconisaient l'adoption de l'ERM i.e. Nocco and Stulz (2006), McShane et al. (2011), Hoyt and Liebenberg (2011), Eckles et al. (2014).Le troisième essai examine la solvabilité des compagnies d’assurance qui disposent d’un système de gestion des risques - l'ERM. Avec une approche similaire à celle du deuxième chapitre, je confirme que l'adoption de l'ERM a un impact positif sur la solvabilité de la société d'assurance. Cette nouvelle approche par la solvabilité des compagnies d’'assurance contribue à une vision alternative de la valeur de l'ERM.Les résultats de cette thèse ont des implications pour les parties prenantes majeures telles que les gestionnaires de risques, les régulateurs et les actionnaires: l'adoption de l'ERM a un impact positif et significatif sur la performance de l'entreprise et sa solvabilité. Par ailleurs, l'adoption de l'ERM est corrélée à certaines typologies des entreprises telles que le niveau de la dette, la taille de l'entreprise, l'investissement à long terme et la diversification
In a world that becomes more and more integrated, every firm has to cope with increasing complexity of different risks. Managing complex risks with a global view, holistic at all firm levels for insurers is vital because risks are their businesses. Over the last two decades, enterprise risk management (ERM) has become a crucial framework to provide firms with methods and processes to manage risks and augment the likelihood of business success. However, even within the same regulatory framework, different risk management strategies and risk management activities would lead to different outcomes.This doctoral thesis aims to examine three aspects of ERM in the European insurance industry:i) the characteristics of insurers that implement ERM,ii) the impact of ERM on firm performance,and iii) the relationship between ERM and solvency.Although the market share of the EU market is more than one-third of the world's maket share, most of empirical studies on ERM in the insurance industry based on the US data. Moreover, the Solvency II pushed insurers in this continent more close to ERM.The first essay investigates the characteristics of 101 publicly traded EU insurers, including firm size, firm age, leverage, business type, diversification, long-term investment, and some performance indicators (combined ratio, ROA, Tobin's Q and EPS). Using a Probit model with random-effects panel data, the obtained results show that European insurance firms are more likely to adopt ERM when they are more leveraged, bigger, and focus more on their core businesses. In addition, they have higher firm value, invest more over the long-term horizon and are mostly located in developed markets. Our evidence is consistent with the findings of some previous studies, i.e. Pagach and Warr (2011), Hoyt and Liebenberg (2011).In the second essay, I study how ERM impacts firm performance via both market value and book-value indicators. With constraints in the identification of ERM evidence, I have two groups of ERM insurers and non-ERM insurers. As a result, I have to solve the problems of endogeneity (included reverse causality) and sample selection bias by using comprehensive methods: Heckman's two-step (with inverse Mills ratio), Treatment Effects, and Hausman-Taylor estimators. With comprehensive methods employed, the findings support the hypothesis that ERM have a positive impact on firm performance. These results thus complement previous studies advocating ERM adoption i.e. Nocco and Stulz (2006), McShane et al. (2011), Hoyt and Liebenberg (2011), Eckles et al. (2014).The third essay examines the solvency of insurers that have adopted an ERM system. Using a similar approach as in the second essay, I find that ERM adoption has a positive and significant impact on insurance firm solvency. This new investigation into insurance solvency contributes an alternative view of the value of ERM.The findings of this thesis have some implications for major stakeholders such as risk managers, regulators, and shareholders: ERM adoption does have a positive and significant impact on firm performance and firm solvency. Moreover, ERM adoption is associated with certain firm characteristics such as leverage, firm size, long-term investment, and diversification

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20

Strydom, Johann J. (Johann Jurie). "Risk warehousing within insurance firms and the role of securitization". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65789.

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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-58).
Insurance firms perform two key economic functions. First, they intermediate risk by marketing, selling and administering insurance policies. Second, they warehouse the risks underlying those policies. If viewed as separate businesses, intermediation and warehousing have very different risk profiles and characteristics. While intermediation is a function essential to the firm's role, the warehousing of those risks is mostly optional. It involves deciding to retain risks for the insurance firm's account rather than hedge the risk and thereby pass it on to a third party. The decision to retain or hedge risks is critical to a firm's financial outcomes. Insurance risks include underwriting factors like longevity, mortality and exposure to natural disasters. They also include economic factors like interest rates, currencies, counter-party default and equity markets. The consensus in the academic theory is that since insurance firms face significant frictional costs in raising capital, value-maximising firms will hedge all risks where the spread costs of the hedging instrument are low. This would seem to include most or all economic risks. As for underwriting risks, where hedging spreads are high, the decision will be a trade-off The firm will weigh up the reduced Risk-Bearing Costs offered by the hedging counter-party versus the Risk Transfer Costs incurred in these transactions. In practice it seems many firms hedge less than might be expected, retaining more economic and underwriting risk than may be explained by the theory. Factors which may be driving a bias towards risk are briefly explored, including regulatory drivers and an expectation of beating the market. Insurance-linked securitization offers benefits as a means of hedging risk and enhancing shareholder value through reduced Risk-Bearing Costs, although it faces informational problems that increase Risk Transfer Costs. Catastrophe Risk Bonds appear to have achieved a critical mass on the back of some historical capital shortages in the reinsurance industry. The life insurance securitization market could be poised for growth, but based on the history of Catastrophe Risk Bonds it may also require capital shortages in the life industry as a catalyst. Regulatory capital requirements will play a pivotal role in this regard.
by Johann J. Strydom.
M.B.A.

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21

ZHANG, Jian. "Insurance and self-protection for increased risk aversion". Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2017. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/fin_etd/18.

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We re-examine the classic problem of risk aversion and self-protection in this paper. In the beginning of this paper, we conduct comparative statics of risk aversion and prevention efforts based on the mono-periodic two states model of choice under risk. We show this new condition is effective with self-insurance-cum-protection model (Lee, 1998), in which the decision maker's activities to prevent the risk can sever both as self-insurance and self-protection. We suggest a new condition that increased risk aversion induces more prevention activities. This new condition requires only one assumption concerning fear of ruin coefficient, marginal effect of SICP activity on probability and marginal cost of SICP activity. By applying interval dominance order (Quah and Strulovici,2009), we find that a decision maker will exert higher level of SICP activity if he becomes more risk averse, under the condition that his hazard rate is higher than the 'boldness' coefficient (Aumann and Kurz,1977). This new condition is effective even when the optimal level for SICP activity is not interior solution. With our method, the assumption, that optimal solution is interior, is not necessary and marginal utility functions do not need to be monotonic on the interval [0, w0]. Based on this, the optimal solution can be corner solution or inflection point solution. And the DM's attitude towards risk can be variable. Hence, the relation suggested by our findings is more consistent with real world situations.

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22

Krauss, George E. Kuhne Gary William. "Continuing professional education of insurance and risk management practitioners a comparative case study of customer service representatives, insurance agents and risk managers /". [University Park, Pa.] : Pennsylvania State University, 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-4837/index.html.

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23

Huh, Jungmoo. "A study of risk management and capital allocation in Korean Insurance Companies". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65804.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 52).
The Korean life insurance industry has rapidly grown over the past decades. The CAGR (Compounded Annual Growth Rate) of asset from 1978 to 2008 is 22.8%. As the asset size increases very fast, risk management plays a vital role in the Korean life insurance industry. Before the financial crisis in 1998, the risk management system was very weak in Korea. It was because the government controlled and protected the life insurance companies. However, the financial crisis brought changes in risk management. 7 of 30 insurance companies were bankrupt in financial crisis. The survivors also suffered from the absence of risk management system. But the financial crisis fostered the ability to propagate in the wild. Korean insurance companies started to realize the risks and built up a risk management system with their experiences. With this effort, they quickly overcame the recent global financial crisis. But there is still room for improvement. Especially, they have not dealt with the risk allocation which is an essential part in risk management. In this paper, I will discuss the current risk management system and capital allocation in the Korean life insurance industry.
by Jungmoo Huh.
S.M.

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24

Maj, Mateusz. "Essays in risk management: conditional expectation with applications in finance and insurance". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209668.

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In this work we study two problems motivated by Risk Management: the optimal design of financial products from an investor's point of view and the calculation of bounds and approximations for sums involving non-independent random variables. The element that interconnects these two topics is the notion of conditioning, a fundamental concept in probability and statistics which appears to be a useful device in finance. In the first part of the dissertation, we analyse structured products that are now widespread in the banking and insurance industry. These products typically protect the investor against bearish stock markets while offering upside participation when the markets are bullish. Examples of these products include capital guaranteed funds commercialised by banks, and equity linked contracts sold by insurers. The design of these products is complex in general and it is vital to examine to which extent they are actually interesting from the investor's point of view and whether they cannot be dominated by other strategies. In the academic literature on structured products the focus has been almost exclusively on the pricing and hedging of these instruments and less on their performance from an investor's point of view. In this work we analyse the attractiveness of these products. We assess the theoretical cost of inefficiency when buying a structured product and describe the optimal strategy explicitly if possible. Moreover we examine the cost of the inefficiency in practice. We extend the results of Dybvig (1988a, 1988b) and Cox & Leland (1982, 2000) who in the context of a complete, one-dimensional market investigated the inefficiency of path-dependent pay-offs. In the dissertation we consider this problem in one-dimensional Levy and multidimensional Black-Scholes financial markets and we provide evidence that path-dependent pay-offs should not be preferred by decision makers with a fixed investment horizon, and they should buy path-independent structures instead. In these market settings we also demonstrate the optimal contract that provides the given distribution to the consumer, and in the case of risk- averse investors we are able to propose two ways of improving the design of financial products. Finally we illustrate the theory with a few well-known securities and strategies e.g. dollar cost averaging, buy-and-hold investments and widely used portfolio insurance strategies. The second part of the dissertation considers the problem of finding the distribution of a sum of non- independent random variables. Such dependent sums appear quite often in insurance and finance, for instance in case of the aggregate claim distribution or loss distribution of an investment portfolio. An interesting avenue to cope with this problem consists in using so-called convex bounds, studied by Dhaene et al. (2002a, 2002b), who applied these to sums of log-normal random variables. In their papers they have shown how these convex bounds can be used to derive closed-form approximations for several of the risk measures of such a sum. In the dissertation we prove that unlike the log-normal case the construction of a convex lower bound in explicit form appears to be out of reach for general sums of log-elliptical risks and we show how we can construct stop-loss bounds and we use these to construct mean preserving approximations for general sums of log-elliptical distributions in explicit form.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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25

Rinaldo, Iversen Pierre. "A Case Study on Long-tail Risks and Risk Mitigation in Risk Management : How can AGCS make best use of risk mitigation measures for drafting product liability policy wordings?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-150522.

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A Case Study on Long-tail Risks and Risk Mitigation in Risk Management. How can Allianz Global Corporate and Specialty (AGCS) make best use of risk mitigation measures for drafting product liability policy wordings? A case study on Triclosan as a possible Endocrine Disruptor with the potential for Mass Litigation. With external forces, the insurance industry has been facing issues since before 9/11 but the evolvement of risk managers and risk management programs in organizations has become a standard for all corporations due to the realization of the potential impact these external forces and risks possibly possess. These programs have emerged to reduce the risk and uncertainty factor that organizations are facing. The factors have been identified in previous literature, as the regulation through authorities (Carroll et al., 2016), the customer relationship that to a certain degree even embraces risk (Kerr, 2016), the agency risk in risk taking (Eling & Marek, 2013). In terms to prepare for these risks, the corporations need to go through a rescaling of their business which was associated with the establishment of Risk Management Processes on all levels (Thislethwaite and Wood, 2018). As such, the rescaling in general can be seen as a Risk Management (RM) structure that would framework the communication of risk in a company. The insurer AGCS is studied on its Risk Management (RM) processes, especially in the fourth phase of RM which is the phase of risk mitigation or reduction. Here it has previously been identified there being no other possible ethical actuarial mitigation methods for long-tail risks (Carroll et al., 2016). Therefore, a risk with such categories was studied with the study on Triclosan. Triclosan is a widely spread and commonly used chemical substance with certain and uncertain causations that can pose several risks with one of them being the possibility of mass litigation. The underwriter tool to mitigate such long-tail risks has been defined as the policy wording which can be used to create an optimal contract in the product liability insurance to reduce the risk of mass litigation. To answer the above research question, this study has taken an interpretivist stance and the form of a quantitative study to follow the framework of Yin’s (2009) case study approach. With the goal to research the meaning behind a phenomenon, rather than to quantify a phenomenon, the use of semi structured interviews with experts of the insurance industry was conducted. These experts were found in the departments of Allianz Risk Consulting, Underwriting, and Claims. The findings, similarly to the previous research that has been discussed in the introductory chapter, found that there are certain macro forces that shape the risk mitigation phase and here the influence on the policy wording within was touched upon. It was found that regulations do play a vital part and pose as leverage for the insurer and a pillar that would carry the weight of policy wording. It has further been identified that the costumer relationship and the costumer strength in the market are responsible for a functioning risk mitigation and also that certain demands stemming from the market, will shape the product liability insurance. While the more specific answer to the research question was, yes, the corporate insurer should cover triclosan related risks on a claims-made basis, with serial-loss clause and a retroactive date, there would be other factors that influence the policy wording. The grounded theory that has been established in this research is thus; To manage liability insurance coverage for long-tail risks, product liability policy wording language needs to reflect main pillars as being used for comparable base materials. This includes but is not limited to claims made trigger, retro-active dates and other coverage elements. Macro forces and drivers of the policy wording, include but are not limited to, costumer strength, market demand, risk perception and market regulations. To ensure a successful risk management on an enterprise level for coverage of long-tail risks, the above factors have to be accounted for when offering product liability coverage. Based on the aforementioned theory, Triclosan is a manageable risk from a corporate liability insurers perspective, hence insurance coverage can be given under product liability policy wordings. Here it is proposed that further research be conducted on the identified macro forces and their impact on the product liability insurance and the more general RM in organizations. Also, it is proposed to research such a possible framework for including the costumer in the process of risk mitigation in terms of reducing the risks form where they start with the starting point being at the costumer. This is a future vision that as such would need further research to reach scientific saturation.

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26

Gallenstein, Richard Anthony GALLENSTEIN. "Three Essays on Agricultural Microfinance and Risk Management". The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500565176891763.

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27

Hunter, John, e Jakob Westin. "Credit risk management : Possibilities for a housing price insurance on the Swedish market - lessons from Canada". Thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-76091.

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The deregulation of the financial markets that started over two decades ago in the developed countries has led to increased house prices and loan to value ratios. Home owners in western countries have over the last two decades steadily decreased their savings and at the same time increased the size of their mortgages and the amount of leverage used to purchase their homes. This development has increased the financial risk for homeowners which recently became clear in the United States when prices on homes started to fall rapidly in 2007. Due to this development Finansinspektionen in Sweden has enforced new regulation on mortgage lending making it more expensive for home owners to use high leverage ratios. Finansinspektionen is responsible for consumer protection in terms of financial products and the new regulation aims to protect mortgage borrowers. Finansinspektionen suggests that an insurance that protects the borrower from loss could be used as an alternative to the regulation restricting the amount of leverage. Finansinspektionen also mentions the Canadian mortgage market as an example where compulsory mortgage insurances are enforced today. In Canada the borrower must take out a mortgage insurance when the mortgage exceeds 80 percent of the house value. However, we find that the Canadian mortgage insurance system would not fulfil the aim of Finansinspektionen’s regulation. The Canadian mortgage insurances are constructed to protect the lender against default and there purpose was initially to increase lending. When examining the basic structure of mortgage and home value insurance products we find that such products and systems are complicated to construct to match the Finansinspektionen requirements and purpose due to issues such as moral hazard, adverse selection, price, willingness to pay and systemic risk.

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28

Mustika, Ganjar. "Optimal bank regulation and risk management for Indonesia". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8000.

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This research has studied bank risk management in relation to efficient bank regulation in the form of optimal bank financial reorganization. Efficient banking regulation can be achieved only if it includes closure policies which prevent moral hazard behaviour; in turn, they should enhance bank regulators' accountability. Yet, Basel II gives more discretion to domestic banking authorities and focuses more on the implementation of best practices of risk management. This creates a gap between the needs of efficient banking regulation and the objectives of Basel II, on the one hand, and Indonesian bank regulation on the other. To fill the gaps, the Fries, Mella-Barral, Peraudin (FMP) model, under a robust regulatory regime concept, is used to provide a framework for banking regulation. Optimal bank reorganization aims at achieving efficient bank regulation, where bank regulators are assumed to act as social planners. In this thesis, optimal bank reorganization is analysed within the concept of a "robust regulatory regime". Optimal bank reorganization comprises closure rules and bailout policies arising endogenously through the interaction of two factors, namely regulators' attempts to minimize discounted, expected bankruptcy costs, and equity-holders' incentives to recapitalise banks. The shareholders will be allowed to continue to control the bank if the bank is well capitalized. The cash flow approach to optimal bank financial reorganization is adopted. The subsidy policies for financially ailing banks consider the implementation of socially-optimal closure rules at minimum financial cost to regulators and which reduce moral hazard. The FMP model implies that optimal bank reorganization requires a deposit insurance scheme. The FMP model involves capital and risk management as crucial factors. This research includes an empirical study of the implementation of the FMP model in Indonesia using the American call option approach. Maximum likelihood estimates in VAR and GARCH are applied to monthly data on the market return and equity and deposit values for relatively-large Indonesian banks, including regional banks and foreign banks. The results indicate that the authorities can establish an optimal closure rule for each bank, levy fair deposit insurance premiums that can be adjusted to take account of quantitative and qualitative factors, estimate optimal subsidies at different deposit insurance premiums, and identify the banks' imminence to bankruptcy. (Continues...).

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29

Giesbert, Lena-Anna. "Microinsurance and risk management". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16900.

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Im Zuge der rasanten Verbreitung von Mikrokrediten und Mikrosparprodukten werden seit etwa einem Jahrzehnt auch Mikroversicherungen an einkommensschwache Haushalte in Entwicklungsländern verkauft. Sie stellen für diese Haushalte eine Möglichkeit dar, mit den Folgen von Risiken besser umzugehen und somit ihren Wohlstand zu steigern. Diese Arbeit verwendet quantitative und qualitative Analysemethoden – basierend auf eigenen Haushaltsumfragen und Fokusgruppendiskussionen –, um die Aufnahmebedingungen von Mikroversicherung in Ghana zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen erstens, dass über Standarddeterminanten der Versicherungsnachfrage hinaus Faktoren informeller Vertrauensbildung und die subjektive Risikoeinschätzung eine entscheidende Rolle spielen. Dies begründet sich in bestehenden Informationsasymmetrien und einer geringen Erfahrung mit dem Versicherungsprodukt und dem Versicherer. Ferner steht die Nutzung von Mikrolebensversicherung in einer sich verstärkenden Beziehung zu der Nutzung anderer formaler Finanzdienstleistungen. Zweitens wird deutlich, dass der Wert (Client Value), den die Zielgruppe in Mikroversicherung sieht, nicht allein auf Kosten- und Nutzenerwägungen basiert. Vielmehr spielen auch emotionale- und soziale Aspekte eine Rolle. Der Kundenwert wird dabei von Faktoren wie (geringen) Finanz- und Versicherungskenntnissen, der Beeinflussung durch die soziale Gruppe und dem Vergleich mit alternativen Risikomanagementstrategien beeinflusst. Drittens bestehen genderspezifische Muster in der Aufnahme von Mikrolebensversicherung, die mit dem Haushaltstyp und regional unterschiedlichen soziokulturellen Bedingungen zusammenhängen. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass Präferenzen bezüglich Lebensversicherung innerhalb von Haushalten variieren und die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Versicherungskaufs mit wachsender Verhandlungsstärke der Frau zunimmt. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass Frauen eine besonders wichtige Zielgruppe für Mikrolebensversicherungen sind.
Microinsurance has been the third financial service – following microcredit and microsavings - to enter emerging financial markets in the developing world. It is widely regarded as a promising innovation that could provide high welfare gains, given that low-income people often lack efficient strategies to manage and cope with risks. This thesis applies quantitative econometric and qualitative methods – based on own household and individual survey data and focus group discussions – to investigate participation patterns and perceived value in micro life insurance in Ghana. The results of this thesis show that household, first, uptake of micro life insurance does not entirely follow the predictions made by standard insurance theories. Informal trust-building mechanisms and subjective risk perceptions turn out to play an important role in the context of information asymmetries and limited experience with formal insurance. Furthermore, there is a mutually reinforcing relationship between micro life insurance and other formal financial services available in the rural and semi-urban study areas in Ghana. Second, the perceived value of microinsurance consists not only of the expected or experienced benefits and costs, but also of quality, emotional and social dimensions. Perceptions of high or low value are driven by large discrepancies between expectations and experiences, clients’ knowledge about insurance, their interaction with peers, and the availability and effectiveness of alternative risk management options. Third, there are gender-specific patterns of market participation between and within households that are intertwined with the household type and regionally varying sociocultural conditions. Spousal preferences on insurance differ and women with a higher bargaining power are more likely to purchase insurance on their own. The results suggest that women are an important target group for the provision of micro life insurance.

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Schreiber, Irene [Verfasser], e Francesca [Akademischer Betreuer] Biagini. "Risk-minimization for life insurance liabilities / Irene Schreiber. Betreuer: Francesca Biagini". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1031380809/34.

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31

Smith, Etienne Roche. "A critical analysis of current vs proposed risk underwriting and claims management procedures at Sasguard Insurance Company Ltd". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/847.

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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since its inception in 1998 as a wholly owned captive insurer, Sasguard has successfully supplied the short-term insurance needs of its parent company, Pioneer Foods Pty Ltd. Although the financial results of Sasguard increased steadily over this entire period, the insurer has never investigated the quality of its service regarding the perceptions of its internal support staff, who represent Sasguard to its client Pioneer. The objective of this research report was to critically analyse the insurer’s current risk underwriting and claims management procedures to determine if the current situation was acceptable and if not, to present proposals to reduce costs and to supply Sasguard’s internal clients (members of the parent company) with a better service. The tasks that were completed for this report were: • a literature study on aspects of risk management directly applicable to Sasguard; • critical analysis of the current risk underwriting and claims management procedures; • identification of shortcomings in the current structure; • collection of responses from internal support staff members by an electronic questionnaire; • critical analysis of those responses; and • proposals which Sasguard can implement to address identified shortcomings. The questionnaire was posted on Pioneer’s intranet site, and the entire population of 30 members was notified by email to complete and submit it within a specified period. Twenty-eight staff members did, with two on leave, for a 93% response rate. The responses were analysed in detail to form the basis of the empirical investigation. They were compared to the writer’s own observations, and together were used to develop conclusions and recommendations which Sasguard can implement in future to reduce both risk and costs associated with claims submitted by its internal clients. The main findings follow. Not enough representatives are at management level. Most (89%) want to increase their background knowledge of insurance, mainly through Sasguard. They want a paperless system to view claims. They were divided on whether to establish a workshop to recover parts of disused vehicles; more study is needed. They want to simplify the process of getting quotes and thus facilitating claims. They want better two-way communication. They favoured using the claims history of a branch, along with other forms of reward, to motivate supervisors and drivers, and others, to reduce the accident rate. The issue of whether out-sourced drivers have increased accident claims needs more study. Indeed, the legal employment status of out-sourced drivers needs to be addressed. Most of the internal client representatives were satisfied with the speed of claims settlement, but nearly a third were not entirely satisfied, which the researcher interprets as a cause for concern. Furthermore, one fourth would consider moving to a traditional insurer; this perception also is worrying and can be addressed, possibly through better understanding of the captive insurer and its practices. Proposals followed from the findings, hopefully to be implemented in due course. While results cannot be generalised, they can be provide insight to other captive insurers, especially those in a manufacturing environment similar to that at Pioneer Foods.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vanaf die totstandkoming van Sasguard as ‘n alleenbeheerde gevange versekeraar in 1998, was die maatskappy deurgaans instaat om in sy moeder maatskappy se korttermyn verskeringsbehoeftes te voorsien. Alhoewel Sasguard se finansiële resultate vir die totale periode voortdurend gegroei het, het die versekeraar dit nooit voorheen nodig geag om ‘n ondersoek te loods om te bepaal of dit werklik in sy interne kliënte se verskeringsbehoeftes voorsien het aldan nie. Die oogmerk van hierdie navorsingsverslag was om ‘n kritiese analise op die versekeraar se huidige onderskrywings en eise besturingsmetodes toe te pas om daaruit te bepaal of die huidige metodes wel voldoende is aldan nie. Indien daar bevind sou word dat die huidige metodes nie voldoende is nie, voorstelle te ontwikkel om die koste van eise te verminder en ‘n beter diens aan sy interne kliënte te kan lewer. Die voortvloeinde take van die werkstuk is: • ‘n Literatuurstudie op daardie aspekte van risikobestuur wat ‘n direkte invloed op Sasguard se besigheidsomgewing het; • Kritiese analise van die huidige metodes om risko te onderskryf en eise te bestuur; • Om tekortkominge in die huidige struktuur te identifiseer; • Verkryging van die versekeraar se interne ondersteuningspersoneel se opinies deur ‘n elektroniese vraelys; • ‘n Kritiese analise van die respondente se antwoorde; en • Voorstelle wat Sasguard kan gebruik om die geidentifiseerde tekortkominge suksesvol aan te spreek. Die vraelys was op die maatskappy se intranet netwerk geplaas en e-posse is gebruik om elke individuele respondent in kennis te stel om die vraelys te voltooi binne ‘n bepaalde tydperk. ‘n Totaal van 28 uit die 30 populasie het die vraelys voltooi, vir ‘n totale reaksie van 93 persent. Die antwoorde vanaf respondente is getabuleer en het gedien as basis van die empiriese studie. Deur die getabuleerde data met die skrywer se eie observasies te vergelyk kon voorstelle ontwerp word wat die versekeraar in die toekoms kan gebruik om aan die een kant sy blootstelling aan risiko te verminder en aan die ander kant sy eisekoste te verlaag. Die hoofbevindinge van die studie volg hiernaas. ‘n Grooter aantal interne kliënt verteenwoordigers moet op bestuursvlak dien by die interne kliënt. Die meeste van hierdie verteenwoordigers het ‘n behoefte daaraan om hulle verskeringskennis uit te brei, hulle verkies ‘n papierlose sisteem waarop vordering van hulle ingediende eise vertoon word, hulle het ‘n behoefte aan ‘n meer eenvoudige proses om kwotasies te verkry en hulle benodig verbeterde tweerigting kommunikasie. Hulle is optimisties dat aksies waardeur goeie drywers erkenning ontvang ‘n positiewe invloed kan hê op hierdie drywers, asook ander individue, wat daardeur ook toekomstige eise sal verlaag. Die terugvoer was dubbelsinnig rakende die oprigting van ‘n sentrale onderdele verskaffer, die ongeluksratio van uitgekontrakteerde drywers, sowel as die wetlike aspekte rondom die status van hierdie drywers. Areas van kommer is die ontevredenheid van sommige interne verteenwoordigers ten opsigte van die spoed van eise afhandeling, asook die siening dat tradisionele versekering moontlik meer waarde kan bied as gevange versekering. Alhoewel die resultate van hierdie navorsingsprojek nie veralgemeen kan word nie, voorsien dit wel insig aan ander gevange versekeraars, veral vir organisasies wat in dieselfde vervaardigings-sektor as Pioneer Foods sake doen.

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Coffey, Brian K. "NEW INPUT AND OUTPUT RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS". UKnowledge, 2001. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/164.

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Backgounding beef cattle is an inherently risky venture. Producers faceproduction risks as well as marketing risks. If a backgrounding operation is to be viable,these risks should be addressed and effectively managed. While some effective riskmanagement tools are currently available to livestock producers, some other potentiallyuseful risk management tools, for various reasons, have been previously unavailable.Two such tools which could help livestock producers achieve the overall goal ofmanaging net income risk are a program for managing feed ingredient nutrient and pricevariability in the selection of minimum cost feed rations and government subsidizedlivestock price insurance.Due to lack of data and limited computational power of solvers, risk has seldombeen introduced into the feed ration selection process. Presently, both feed ingredientnutritional data and appropriate solvers are available, allowing for risk to be fullyconsidered in this decision-making process. Only recently has there been policy effortsto establish subsidized price or revenue insurance for livestock producers. Theintroduction of such insurance to livestock producers offers potential risk managementbenefit but also has the potential to introduce improper incentives to livestock producers.This study will evaluate both of the aforementioned livestock risk managementtools. In addition to evaluating their effectiveness, the policy concerns of subsidizedlivestock insurance will also be addressed. Results will be relevant to a broad range ofentities. In addition to livestock producers wishing to manage the risks associated withtheir operations, agribusinesses that provide service to these producers such as feed salesor financial lending will benefit from knowing how these risk management strategiesperform. Furthermore, policy makers who will structure livestock insurance products canhopefully do so more efficiently based on the results of the livestock insurance analysis.

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Doff, René Roelof. "Risk management for insurance firms a framework for fair value and economic capital /". Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2006. http://doc.utwente.nl/57118.

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34

Collin, Constance. "Towards a working crop insurance market : an integrated strategy of systemic risk management". Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100006.

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Les pertes de rendement dues au climat sont positivement corrélées. Cela va à l’encontre des principes d’assurance et expose l’assureur à des risques financiers qu’il ne peut supporter seul. Les réassureurs eux-mêmes peuvent être dépassés par les sommes en jeu. Les marchés financiers en revanche possèdent la capacité financière requise et l’effet diversifiant des risques climatiques pourraient intéresser les investisseurs. Une stratégie de gestion du risque systémique consistant pour l’assureur à isoler la partie corrélée du risque rendement et à la transférer aux marchés financiers via des obligations catastrophe est analysée en trois points. Tout d’abord, des modèles de tarification isolant la part systémique du risque sont présentés. Ensuite, la démonstration de la faible corrélation d’une obligation agricole est faite, ainsi que de ses rendements élevés, confirmant son potentiel pour les investisseurs. Enfin, l’évolution de la valeur de marché des compagnies émettrices d’obligations catastrophe est étudiée. Au global, aucun impact n’est détecté. En détail, des émissions répétées favorisent la hausse de la valeur de l’émetteur, et de grosses émissions en favorisent la baisse. Les assurances indicielles sont utilisées comme support de l’étude. Basées sur des proxys de rendement plutôt que sur des rendements réels, elles donnent accès à des bases de données complètes et fiables. Ces travaux contribuent à la littérature restreinte concernant les risques agricoles et leur transfert vers les marchés financiers. Ils fournissent aux assureurs une stratégie alternative de transfert de risque et ouvrent la voie vers des outils innovants d’investissement
Crop yield insurance comes with loss correlation, impeding the classical insurance risk pooling. Insurers alone cannot face the high exposure entailed by weather risks, which can even fall beyond the reinsurers’ financial capacity. Financial markets appear as a logical risk-transfer solution, investors being potentially interested by the diversifying effect of weather-linked risks. A systemic risk management strategy consisting for the insurer to isolate the correlated component of the crop yield risk and to transfer it to the financial markets through catastrophe bonds is investigated in three points. First, insurance pricing models separating the risk into a systemic and a non-systemic component are presented. Second, the interest for investors to take part in a cat bond based on agricultural risks is analyzed. The low correlation to financial markets of such bonds and their potentially high returns confirm the attractiveness of this new asset class for investors. Finally, the evolution of the market value of cat bonds issuers is studied. No general evolution is identified, but firms used to issue cat bonds may expect their market value to increase, while the firms issuing the largest bonds may expect their market value to decrease. The study is applied to the case of index insurance, based on yield proxys rather than real yields, which provides detailed data for accurate risk quantification. This work contributes to the still limited literature regarding agricultural risks and insurance by describing an integrated systemic risk management strategy providing insurers with alternative risk-sharing solutions and investors with innovative asset allocation opportunities

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35

Daňková, Marcela. "Pojištění pro kynologickou organizaci a její členy". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376772.

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This diploma work deal with the charakteristics of risks imperilling the cynological organisation and their members. The diploma work contains theory, risk analysis, offer and comparison insurance products of commercial insurance company. On the end is the offer of a concrete insurance product.

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36

Chen, Hua. "Contingent Claim Pricing with Applications to Financial Risk Management". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/rmi_diss/22.

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Contingent Claim Pricing with Applications to Financial Risk Management By Hua Chen 2008 Committee Chair: Samuel H. Cox and Shaun Wang Major Academic Unit: Department of Risk Management and Insurance This is a multi-essay dissertation designed to explore the contingent claim pricing theory with non-tradable underlying assets, with emphasis on its applications to insurance and risk management. In the first essay, I apply the real option pricing theory and dynamic programming methods to address problems in the area of operational risk management. Particularly, I develop a two-stage model to help firms determine optimal switching triggers in the event of an influenza epidemic. In the second essay, I examine mortality securitization in an incomplete market framework. I build a jump-diffusion process into the original Lee-Carter model and explore alternative model with transitory versus permanent jump effects. I discuss pricing difficulties of the Swiss Re mortality bond (2003) and use the Wang transform to account for correlations of the mortality index over time. In the third essay, I study the valuation of the non-recourse provision in reverse mortgages. I model the various risks embedded in the HECM program and apply the conditional Esscher transform to price the non-recourse provision. I further examine the premium structure of HECM loans and investigate whether insurance premiums are adequate to cover expected claims.

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Matsdotter, Lina, e Ellinor Drevendal. "Solvens II : Hur påverkas Svenska försäkringsbolag av de ökade kraven på intern kontroll, riskhantering och rapportering till marknaden?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19854.

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Yang, Jie. "Incentives of Managed Care Insurance and Treatment Choices in Low-Risk Primary Cesarean Delivery". Thesis, Wayne State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10929029.

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In response to climbing health care costs in the United States, many insurers and policy makers would like to eliminate waste in healthcare by steering spending toward the most cost-effective treatments. Obstacles to achieving this goal include identifying specific medical settings where overuse occurs, and then developing strategies to prevent overuse without harming patient welfare. My study examined childbirth, the number one reason for hospitalization in the US, where the overuse of medical resources primarily takes the form of nonmedically indicated cesarean deliveries.

The financial tools (physician payment differential and patient’s cost sharing) and other tools (utilization management, physician profiling, and practice guidelines) of managed care insurance create varied incentives that could affect behaviors of physicians and patients. Using data from the MarketScan commercial database, I proved that in a fee-for-service setting, physician’s financial incentives (physician payment differential) and patient’s financial disincentive (patient’s cost-sharing) affect treatment choices on childbirth delivery method, and other incentives from managed care insurance have little effect. My study also found that more restrictive nonfinancial tools in non-capitated HMOs which are expected to reduce the use of cesarean sections turn out to have little effect, while lower cost-sharing in non-capitated HMOs leads to more use of cesareans. It could provide two health policy implications: (1) health plans with generous benefits may need more restrictions and effective regulations aimed at cost control, and (2) raising patients cost-sharing may prove effective for managing medical expenses. Finally, a “What if” analysis sheds light on the likely effectiveness of various changes in managed care insurance design intended to reduce low-risk primary cesarean deliveries.

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Bierth, Christopher [Verfasser], Gregor Nikolaus Felix [Akademischer Betreuer] Weiß e Denefa [Gutachter] Bostandzic. "Essays on risk management and systemic risk in insurance / Christopher Bierth. Betreuer: Gregor Nikolaus Felix Weiß. Gutachter: Denefa Bostandzic". Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1112268367/34.

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40

Bierth, Christopher [Verfasser], Gregor [Akademischer Betreuer] Weiß e Denefa [Gutachter] Bostandzic. "Essays on risk management and systemic risk in insurance / Christopher Bierth. Betreuer: Gregor Nikolaus Felix Weiß. Gutachter: Denefa Bostandzic". Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-201608252317.

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41

Prud'homme, Andrea McGee. "Business continuity in the supply chain planning for disruptive events /". Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Marketing and Supply Chain Management, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Mar. 30, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p.192-207). Also issued in print.

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42

Berg, Isak, e Richard Stadig. "Market-consistent valuation of a pension product with guarantee in line with Solvency II : An applied case study to improve knowledge about how rationality and stressed conditions with respect to market- and insurance risk will impact the balance sheet". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-123141.

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Traditional pension products have today been replaced by products that are linked directly to the unit value of some kind of investment portfolio. These products contribute to more vulnerable situations for insurance companies in terms of uncertainties of future obligations. This master thesis aims to create a general valuation model in line with Solvency II regulation, which is able to value the best estimate of the insurance liability. The model will use a state model, stochastic scenario generator model and the Makeham function for estimating mortality intensity. An applied case study was conducted to evaluate how stressed market- and insurance conditions would impact the liability. Additional studies was performed to test how different degrees of rational behaviour among policyholders would impact the liability. The policyholder population was fictitious and consisted of 100 policyholders. The results illuminated that the degree of rationality had a relative significant impact on the insurance company's liability, as opposed of what impact trends in longevity had on the best estimate in a separated stress test. On the other hand, when stress testing market risk and trend in longevity at the same time, the non-linearity risk was relatively high. The results of this thesis indicated the importance of studying risks in a combined case and not only separately, and also that higher degree of rational behaviour among policyholders could lead to an increase in surrender of profit generated policyholders which in turn affected the insurance liability.

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43

Essel, Rudolf. "Short-term insurance of political risks in South Africa". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20005.

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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Almost all enterprises, individuals and organisations face some form of political risk on a continuous basis. In the past, mines have been lost, terrorist attacks have been devastating, and financial markets have experienced large losses due to political risk factors. We live in an ever-increasing politically insecure world where political risk factors and the analysis thereof receive increasing attention from both international and domestic establishments. From a business perspective, making the correct business decisions and determining the appropriate risk management strategy consequently are crucial to the success of an enterprise, due to the ever-present nature of political risk factors in the business environment. Especially in the emerging market economies of the world, political risk is an important phenomenon. In such emerging market economies, political risk factors could play a role that is as important as the economic factors that are decisive in the performance of markets. It is well known that the emerging market economies of the world have been the main recipients of foreign direct investments. A closer study of these economies has indicated that the majority of such investments have gone to the so-called BRICS countries (the Federative Republic of Brazil, the Russian Federation, the Republic of India, the People‟s Republic of China, and the Republic of South Africa). After having studied the political and economic environments of the BRICS countries, it was concluded that ten political risk factors are common to these countries, namely nationalisation, confiscation, creeping expropriation, currency inconvertibility, breach of contract, non-honouring of government guarantees, war, violent civil unrest, non-violent civil unrest and terrorism. These political risk factors were investigated in a South African context by means of an empirical survey. A census was undertaken that consisted of structured personal interviews (based on a questionnaire) that were pre-arranged with most of the agents who sell Sasria insurance on behalf of Sasria Ltd. These agents mainly were conventional short-term insurers who handled claims on behalf of Sasria Ltd., which placed them in an excellent position to provide the study with valuable information. Violent civil unrest and non-violent civil unrest have not only been the political risk factors that had the most important impact on the total annual claims amount of the respondents over the past five years, but have also been the political risk factors that most frequently resulted in claims. It therefore did not come as a surprise that these were the two political risk factors for which there had been the highest level of demand for cover over the past five years. In terms of the importance of impact, the frequency of claims and the demand for cover, violent civil unrest and non-violent civil unrest are expected to remain the two most important political risk factors in South Africa over the next five years. When compared to the past five years, all the political risk factors (excluding breach of contract) are expected to have an increased impact in South Africa over the next five years. They are also expected to present an equal number or more claims in general. While excluding war and terrorism, the expectation is that the demand for cover against them will generally remain at the same level, but may increase. The South African short-term insurance industry generally faces considerable challenges regarding the cover provided against political risk factors to the public and businesses in South Africa. The industry and the South African public therefore need to be aware of the impact that various political risk factors have on the cover that is provided. This research study should assist the executives of short-term insurance in making better risk management decisions and exercising better control over their responsibilities regarding specific political risk factors in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Feitlik alle ondernemings, individue en organisasies kom voortdurend voor een of ander politieke risiko te staan. In die verlede was daar verlies van myne, terroriste-aanvalle het verwoesting gesaai en finansiële markte het groot skade gely vanweë politieke risikofaktore. Ons bevind onsself in 'n wêreld van toenemende politieke onsekerheid waarin internasionale sowel as binnelandse instellings meer en meer aandag aan politieke risikofaktore en die ontleding daarvan wy. Vanuit 'n sakeperspektief word korrekte besigheidsbesluitneming en die vasstelling van toepaslike risikobestuurstrategië vanweë die voortdurende teenwoordigheid van politieke risikofaktore binne die sake-omgewing gevolglik van uiterste belang vir die sukses van 'n onderneming. Politieke risiko is veral in die ontluikende mark-ekonomieë van die wêreld 'n belangrike verskynsel. In hierdie ontluikende mark-ekonomieë kan politieke risikofaktore 'n rol speel wat net so belangrik is as die ekonomiese faktore wat deurslaggewend is ten opsigte van hoe markte presteer. Dit is welbekend dat die ontluikende mark-ekonomieë van die wêreld die vernaamste ontvangers van buitelandse direkte beleggings is. 'n Nadere beskouing van hierdie ekonomieë het getoon dat die meerderheid van sulke beleggings na die sogenaamde BRICS-lande (die Bondsrepubliek van Brasilië, die Russiese Federasie, die Republiek van Indië, die Volksrepubliek van China en die Republiek van Suid-Afrika) gaan. 'n Studie van die politieke en ekonomiese omgewings van die BRICS-lande het tot die gevolgtrekking gelei dat hierdie lande tien politieke risikofaktore in gemeen het, naamlik nasionalisering, beslaglegging, kruipende onteiening, onverwisselbaarheid van valuta, kontrakbreuk, nie-nakoming van regeringswaarborge, oorlog, gewelddadige burgerlike onrus, nie-gewelddadige burgerlike onrus, en terrorisme. Hierdie politieke risikofaktore is met behulp van 'n empiriese ondersoek binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks ondersoek. Gestruktureerde persoonlike onderhoude (wat op 'n vraelys gebaseer was), is gebruik om 'n sensus te onderneem. Hierdie onderhoude is vooraf met agente wat Sasria-versekering namens Sasria Bpk. verkoop, gereël. Die agente was hoofsaaklik konvensionele korttermyn-versekeraars wat alle eise namens Sasria Bpk. hanteer. Hulle was dus in 'n uitstekende posisie om die studie van waardevolle inligting te voorsien.

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Seo, Sangtaek. "Effects of federal risk management programs on investment, production, and contract design under uncertainty". Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3117.

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Agricultural producers face uncertain agricultural production and market conditions. Much of the uncertainty faced by agricultural producers cannot be controlled by the producer, but can be managed. Several risk management programs are available in the U.S. to help manage uncertainties in agricultural production, marketing, and finance. This study focuses on the farm level economic implications of the federal risk management programs. In particular, the effects of the federal risk management programs on investment, production, and contract design are investigated. The dissertation is comprised of three essays. The unifying theme of these essays is the economic analysis of crop insurance programs. The first essay examines the effects of revenue insurance on the entry and exit thresholds of table grape producers using a real option approach. The results show that revenue insurance decreases the entry and exit thresholds compared with no revenue insurance, thus increasing the investment and current farming operation. If the policy goal is to induce more farmers in grape farming, the insurance policy with a high coverage level and high subsidy rate is effective. In the second essay, a mathematical programming model is used to examine the effects of federal risk management programs on optimal nitrogen fertilizer use and land allocation simultaneously. Current insurance programs and the Marketing Loan Program increase the optimal fertilizer rate 2% and increase the optimal cotton acreage 119-130% in a Texas cotton-sorghum system. Assuming nitrogen is harmful to the environment and cotton requires higher nitrogen use, these risk management programs counteract federal environmental programs. The third essay uses a principal-agent model to examine the optimal contract design that induces the best effort from the farmer when crop insurance is purchased. With the introduction of crop insurance, the investorÂs optimal equity financing contract requires that the farmer bear more risk in order to have the incentive to work hard, which is achieved by increasing variable compensation and decreasing fixed compensation.

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45

Tian, Ruilin. "Moment Problems with Applications to Value-At-Risk and Portfolio Management". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/rmi_diss/21.

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Moment Problems with Applications to Value-At-Risk and Portfolio Management By Ruilin Tian May 2008 Committee Chair: Dr. Samuel H. Cox Major Department: Risk Management and Insurance My dissertation provides new applications of moment theory and optimization to financial and insurance risk management. In the investment and managerial areas, one often needs to determine some measure of risk, especially the risk of extreme events. However, complete information of the underlying outcomes is usually unavailable; instead one has access to partial information such as the mean, variance, mode, or range. In Chapters 2 and 3, we find the semiparametric upper and lower bounds for the value-at-risk (VaR) with incomplete information, that is, moments of the underlying distribution. When a single variable is concerned, bounds on VaR are computed to obtain a 100% confidence interval. When the sample financial data have a global maximum, we show that unimodal assumption tightens the optimal bounds. Next we further analyze a function of two correlated random variables. Specifically, we find bounds on the probability of two joint extreme events. When three or more variables are involved, the multivariate problem can sometimes be converted to a single variable problem. In all cases, we use the physical measure rather than the commonly used equivalent pricing probability measure. In addition to solving these problems using the traditional approach based on the geometry of a moment problem, a more efficient method is proposed to solve a general class of moment bounds via semidefinite programming. In the last part of the thesis, we apply optimization techniques to improve financial portfolio risk management. Instead of considering VaR, we work with a coherent risk measure, the conditional VaR (CVaR). As an extension of Krokhmal et al. (2002), we impose CVaR-related functions to the portfolio selection problem. The CVaR approach sets a β-level CVaR as the objective function and maximizes the worst case on the tail of the distribution. The CVaR-like constraints approach adds a set of CVaR-like constraints to the traditional Markowitz problem, reshaping the portfolio distribution. Both methods greatly increase the skewness of portfolios, although the CVaR approach may lose control of the variance. This capability of increasing skewness is very attractive to the investors who may prefer higher probability of obtaining higher returns. We compare the CVaR-related approaches to some other popular portfolio optimization methods. Our numerical analysis provides empirical support for the superiority of the CVaR-like constraints approach in terms of portfolio efficiency.

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Wu, Mei Lan Actuarial Studies Australian School of Business UNSW. "Modelling dependent risks for insurer risk management: experimental studies with copulas". 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40645.

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The increase in the use of copulas has introduced implementation issues for both practitioners and researchers. One of the issues is to obtain a copula function for a given set of data. The most common approaches for the estimation of the parameters of the copula functions have been the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) and the Inference Functions for Margins (IFM) methods. Archimedean copulas are one of the most important classes of copulas that are widely used in both finance and insurance for modelling dependent risks. However, simulating multivariate Archimedean copulas has always been a difficult task as the number of dimensions increases. The assessment of capital requirements has always been an important application of stochastic modelling. Capital requirements can vary significantly depending on the model adopted. Several professional bodies have recently discussed the concept of dependencies between insurance risks. They suggest that insurers should use a technique based on copulas to describe the dependence of risks within an insurance company in the context of solvency assessment. The first contribution of this thesis is to provide an insight into the efficiency of parameter estimation methods. This thesis uses numerical experiments to assess the performance of the two common approaches. The second contribution of this thesis is to present a new algorithm to simulate multivariate Exchangeable Archimedean copulas. This algorithm provides a practical solution for simulating one-parameter multivariate Archimedean copulas. Numerical experiments are used to apply this algorithm to determine the "additional" economic capital for an insurance company with multiple lines of business that wants to expand its business by adding another line of business and where the businesses are dependent. The third contribution of this thesis is to quantify the impact of the choice of copulas on the solvency measure of a general insurer within a Dynamic Financial Analysis modelling framework. The results of our experiments provide important guidance for the capital assessment for general insurers.

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47

Ho, Chao-chin, e 賀照芹. "Life Insurance Industry Risk Management Study". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55666702064175425738.

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碩士
國立成功大學
高階管理碩士在職專班
98
Abstract This study focused, on the financial turmoil environment, Taiwan’s life insurance industry risk management. Life insurance industry as an integral composition of the complete financial chain, and, how to plan and implement risk management, for the insurance industry , is an important subject. In this study, Taiwan’s life insurance industry, for example, explore the life insurance industry of the risk management issues in crisis in the financial risk. Attributed the causes of the financial crisis, the majority think that the market regulatory system is too loose. It was because U.S. authorities strongly believe that the market are endowed with self-regulatory capacity, and market participants for safeguarding their own interests, is bound to do their best to monitor their counterparties, but that the complexity of invest instruments and over-compensation of the chase mentality let the market self-regulation to completely fail. Financial regulatory system even for the financial and economic crisis, is no immediate first-aid effect, but in assisting the subsequent normal operation of the financial system is indeed a very important role to play. According to the research results in this paper show that risk management in Taiwan’s life insurance industry, there are areas necessary to strengthen. It is that Taiwan’s life insurance industry must reinforce the relevant risk management, to strengthen the response to risks. For this global financial risk, according to similar to U.S. AIG’s experience, we must further strengthen the existing risk management mechanisms and supervision. In addition, Taiwan’s life insurance in the face of the gradual aging of the population, coupled with the impact of emigration, show declining in life insurance business. And, the difficulties of risk management deepen much. Therefore, risk management of Taiwan’s life insurance industry should have other appropriate supporting mechanisms to cope with these changes of the environments, and strengthen risk management.

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48

Lin, Yi-Yun, e 林意芸. "Risk Management and Risk Taking of Life Insurance Industry in Taiwan". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65084300921386079307.

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碩士
淡江大學
保險學系保險經營碩士班
102
The numerous financial scandals have highlighted the importance of enterprise risk management. Moreover, these have emphasized the idea that all life insurance companies in Taiwan should follow regulations to establish a risk management committee, chief risk officer (CRO), and risk management department. This study examines the relationship between risk management mechanism and risk taking in Taiwan’s life insurance industry. The study sample comprises 23 Taiwanese life insurance companies from 2006 to 2012. Empirical results show that the establishment of the risk management committee is unrelated to risk taking. The relationship between the appointment of a CRO and risk taking is positively significant. Finally, the establishment of a risk management department is negatively correlated with risk taking. This study also considered the risk management mechanisms of different organizational structures, such as financial holding companies, family groups, and public companies, as well as the impact of risk taking. Financial holding companies and family groups are significantly correlated with the establishment of a risk management department and risk taking. The relationship between the establishment of a risk management committee and appointment of a CRO, and risk taking in public life insurance companies is negatively significant. The age of a company in relation to risk taking is an inverted U-shaped curve in terms of corporate governance variables. Firm size and return on assets are also negatively correlated with risk taking.

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49

Lin, Yi-Hsin, e 林宜欣. "Determinants of Aviation Insurance and Risk Management Strategy". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89502941702179698483.

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博士
國立成功大學
交通管理學系碩博士班
95
Aviation insurance has become a heavy burden for the airline industry business since September 11, 2001. Most of the literature written for and about the airlines has concentrated on the operation and management of the industry, but very few studies have examined the question of aviation insurance. The purpose of this thesis is to survey the historical data of aviation insurance premiums and investigate expert opinions to identify determinants of aviation insurance and their priority. First, this study adopted literature review and in-depth interview with experts is working in airline and insurance company was conducted to categorize factors of influence aviation insurance. Following this study applied quantitative historical data (1999~2000) and grey relation analysis (GRA) to identify the primary factors influencing ratemaking for aviation insurance premiums. Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) was used to analysis the priority of influencial factors from expert quesionnair. Finally, to compare the outcome between GRA and FAHP to suggest risk management strategies throuth loss experience of individual airlines. Both of results from subjective and objective methods showed that the loss experience and performance of individual airlines were the key elements associated with aviation insurance premiums paid by each airline. After normalizing original loss data, this research used a risk analysis matrix to compare the loss severity against loss frequency of the six airlines and to suggest the best risk management strategies at different loss severity and frequency levels. By identifying and understanding the primary factors influencing ratemaking for aviation insurance, airlines will better understand their relative operational strengths and weaknesses, and further help top management identify areas for further improvement. Knowledge of these factors combined with effective risk management strategies could potentially result in lower premiums and a reduction in expenditures for airline companies.

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50

賴昱誠. "The risk management by the life insurance agents". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35743281676269487694.

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Tesi sul tema "Insurance risk management"

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