Tesi: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)"

1

Binjammaz, Tareq. "Context-aware GPS integrity monitoring for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/11397.

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The integrity of positioning systems has become an increasingly important requirement for location-based Intelligent Transports Systems (ITS). The navigation systems, such as Global Positioning System (GPS), used in ITS cannot provide the high quality positioning information required by most services, due to the various type of errors from GPS sensor, such as signal outage, and atmospheric effects, all of which are difficult to measure, or from the map matching process. Consequently, an error in the positioning information or map matching process may lead to inaccurate determination of a vehicle’s location. Thus, the integrity is require when measuring both vehicle’s positioning and other related information such as speed, to locate the vehicle in the correct road segment, and avoid errors. The integrity algorithm for the navigation system should include a guarantee that the systems do not produce misleading or faulty information; as this may lead to a significant error arising in the ITS services. Hence, to achieve the integrity requirement a navigation system should have a robust mechanism, to notify the user of any potential errors in the navigation information. The main aim of this research is to develop a robust and reliable mechanism to support the positioning requirement of ITS services. This can be achieved by developing a high integrity GPS monitoring algorithm with the consideration of speed, based on the concept of context-awareness which can be applied with real time ITS services to adapt changes in the integrity status of the navigation system. Context-aware architecture is designed to collect contextual information about the vehicle, including location, speed and heading, reasoning about its integrity and reactions based on the information acquired. In this research, three phases of integrity checks are developed. These are, (i) positioning integrity, (ii) speed integrity, and (iii) map matching integrity. Each phase uses different techniques to examine the consistency of the GPS information. A receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) algorithm is used to measure the quality of the GPS positioning data. GPS Doppler information is used to check the integrity of vehicle’s speed, adding a new layer of integrity and improving the performance of the map matching process. The final phase in the integrity algorithm is intended to verify the integrity of the map matching process. In this phase, fuzzy logic is also used to measure the integrity level, which guarantees the validity and integrity of the map matching results. This algorithm is implemented successfully, examined using real field data. In addition, a true reference vehicle is used to determine the reliability and validity of the output. The results show that the new integrity algorithm has the capability to support a various types of location-based ITS services.

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2

Kamel, Joseph. "Misbehavior detection for cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITS)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT024.

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Les systèmes de transport intelligents coopératifs (STI-C) est une technologie qui changera notre expérience de conduite. Dans ce système, les véhicules coopèrent en échangeant des messages de communication Vehicle-to-X (V2X) sur le réseau véhiculaire. Les applications de sécurité routière utilisent les données de ces messages pour détecter et éviter à temps les situations dangereuses. Par conséquent, il est crucial que les données des messages V2X soient sécurisées et précises. Dans le système STI-C actuel, les messages sont signés avec des clés digitales pour garantir leur authenticité. Cependant, l'authentification ne garantit pas l'exactitude des données. Un véhicule authentifié pourrait avoir un capteur défectueux et donc envoyer des informations inexactes. Un attaquant pourrait également obtenir des clés légitimes en piratant l'unité embarquée de son véhicule et donc transmettre des messages malveillants signés. La détection des mauvais comportements dans les STI-C est un sujet de recherche visant à garantir l'exactitude des messages V2X échangés. Il consiste à surveiller la sémantique des données des messages échangés pour détecter et identifier des entités à comportement suspect. Le processus de détection est divisé en plusieurs étapes. La détection locale consiste à effectuer d'abord des vérifications de plausibilité et de cohérence sur les messages V2X reçus. Les résultats de ces vérifications sont ensuite fusionnés à l'aide d'une application de fusion locale. L'application est capable d'identifier diverses anomalies V2X. Si une anomalie est détectée, le véhicule collectera les preuves nécessaires et créera un rapport de mauvais comportement. Ce rapport est ensuite envoyé à une autorité cloud de mauvais comportement. Cette autorité a pour objectif d'assurer le bon fonctionnement du système C-ITS et d'atténuer les effets des attaques. Elle recueillera d'abord les rapports des véhicules, puis enquêtera sur l'événement et décidera de la réaction appropriée. Dans cette thèse, nous évaluons et contribuons aux différents composants du processus de détection des comportements malveillants : la détection locale, le reporting et la détection globale
Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) is an upcoming technology that will change our driving experience in the near future. In such systems, vehicles cooperate by exchanging Vehicle-to-X communication (V2X) messages over the vehicular network. Safety applications use the data in these messages to detect and avoid dangerous situations on time. Therefore, it is crucial that the data in V2X messages is secure and accurate.In the current C-ITS system, the messages are signed with digital keys to ensure authenticity. However, authentication does not ensure the correctness of the data. A genuine vehicle could have a faulty sensor and therefore send inaccurate information. An attacker could also obtain legitimate keys by hacking into the on-board unit of his vehicle and therefore transmit signed malicious messages.Misbehavior Detection in C-ITS is an active research topic aimed at ensuring the correctness of the exchanged V2X messages. It consists of monitoring data semantics of the exchanged messages to detect and identify potential misbehaving entities. The detection process is divided into multiple steps. Local detection consists of first performing plausibility and consistency checks on the received V2X messages. The results of these checks are then fused using a local detection application. The application is able to identify various V2X anomalies. If an anomaly is detected, the vehicle will collect the needed evidence and create a misbehavior report. This report is then sent to a cloud based misbehavior authority.This authority has a goal of ensuring the correct operation of the C-ITS system and mitigating the effects of attacks. It will first collect the misbehavior reports from vehicles and would then investigate the event and decide on the suitable reaction.In this thesis, we evaluate and contribute to the local, reporting and global steps of the misbehavior detection process

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Cheung, Suk-ling. "The potential of intelligent transport system (ITS) development in road transport of Hong Kong". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42575680.

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4

Anyigor, Ogah C. P. "Security and privacy in VANET-based intelligent transport systems (ITS)". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2018. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/849080/.

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The hostile environment in which Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) operate make them vulnerable to a plethora of security and privacy issues. VANET technology is applicable in a variety of domains such as Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and often exhibit characteristics similar to Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) such as inadequate infrastructure and unreliable connectivity especially at the early stages of deployment. Hence, security and privacy techniques proposed for conventional VANETs may not scale well in such early deployment scenarios. In this thesis, novel security and location privacy schemes based on pseudonym communication, mix-zone, group communication, trust and certificate revocation are explored. First, the location privacy issue in DTN-based VANETs is analysed. Secondly, the use of an On-the-Fly Mix-zone Scheme (OFMS) together with a Privacy-preSerVing (PriSerV) scheme where vehicles can form mix-zones without the need for a Road Side Unit (RSU) is proposed. An extension to the PriSerV scheme considers full-scale deployment using a distributed architecture which represents later stages of deployment. Lastly, a Delay Tolerant Revocation Scheme (DTRvS) is proposed. In the scheme, malicious vehicles that drop packets are excluded from network communication. The opinion of other vehicles is used to identify misbehaving vehicles. The proposed OFMS shows an 8% increase in pseudonym change for a vehicle density of 250 vehicles. By varying the vehicle density from 50 to 250, there is about 6 to 10% increase in the pseudonym change compared to the basic scheme. When compared to the baseline scheme, the proposed OFMS-x show a 50% increase in the delivery probability and has a considerable decrease in the delivery overhead even with the increase in the number of vehicles in the network. In terms of the achievable location privacy, the proposed scheme performed better than AVATAR and the traditional mix-zone schemes. The security and efficiency analysis of the proposed DTRvS show that it is more robust compared to the baseline schemes. The delivery probability improved by 2 to 11% with DTRvS when 0 to 50% malicious vehicles are in the network. The chances of CRL delivery increases with the increase in the number of RSUs. Again, there is about 5% improvement when DTRvS is used compared to the use of native Spray & Wait-based routing scheme.

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5

Nasim, Robayet. "Architectural Evolution of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) using Cloud Computing". Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-35719.

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With the advent of Smart Cities, Intelligent Transport System (ITS) has become an efficient way of offering an accessible, safe, and sustainable transportation system. Utilizing advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), ITS can maximize the capacity of existing transportation system without building new infrastructure. However, in spite of these technical feasibilities and significant performance-cost ratios, the deployment of ITS is limited in the real world because of several challenges associated with its architectural design. This thesis studies how to design a highly flexible and deployable architecture for ITS, which can utilize the recent technologies such as - cloud computing and the publish/subscribe communication model. In particular, our aim is to offer an ITS infrastructure which provides the opportunity for transport authorities to allocate on-demand computing resources through virtualization technology, and supports a wide range of ITS applications. We propose to use an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) model to host large-scale ITS applications for transport authorities in the cloud, which reduces infrastructure cost, improves management flexibility and also ensures better resource utilization. Moreover, we use a publish/subscribe system as a building block for developing a low latency ITS application, which is a promising technology for designing scalable and distributed applications within the ITS domain. Although cloud-based architectures provide the flexibility of adding, removing or moving ITS services within the underlying physical infrastructure, it may be difficult to provide the required quality of service (QoS) which decrease application productivity and customer satisfaction, leading to revenue losses. Therefore, we investigate the impact of service mobility on related QoS in the cloud-based infrastructure. We investigate different strategies to improve performance of a low latency ITS application during service mobility such as utilizing multiple paths to spread network traffic, or deploying recent queue management schemes. Evaluation results from a private cloud testbed using OpenStack show that our proposed architecture is suitable for hosting ITS applications which have stringent performance requirements in terms of scalability, QoS and latency.
Baksidestext: Intelligent Transport System (ITS) can utilize advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and maximize the capacity of existing transportation systems without building new infrastructure. However, in spite of these technical feasibilities and significant performance-cost ratios, the deployment of ITS is limited in the real world because of several challenges associated with its architectural design. This thesis studies how to design an efficient deployable architecture for ITS, which can utilize the advantages of cloud computing and the publish/subscribe communication model. In particular, our aim is to offer an ITS infrastructure which provides the opportunity for transport authorities to allocate on-demand computing resources through virtualization technology, and supports a wide range of ITS applications. We propose to use an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) model to host large-scale ITS applications, and to use a publish/subscribe system as a building block for developing a low latency ITS application. We investigate different strategies to improve performance of an ITS application during service mobility such as utilizing multiple paths to spread network traffic, or deploying recent queue management schemes.

Artikel 4 Network Centric Performance Improvement for Live VM Migration finns i avhandlingen som manuskript. Nu publicerat konferenspaper.

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Cheung, Suk-ling, e 張淑玲. "The potential of intelligent transport system (ITS) development in road transport of Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42575680.

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7

Johnston, Katherine Amelia. "Using risk analysis to prioritise road-based intelligent transport systems (ITS) in Queensland". Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16282/.

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With perpetual strains on resources, road agencies need to develop network-level decision-making frameworks to ensure optimum resource allocation. This is especially true for incident management services and in particular variable message signs (VMS), which are relatively immature disciplines compared to traditional road engineering. The objective of incident management and VMS is to minimise the safety, efficiency, reliability and environmental impacts of incidents on the operations of the transport system. This may be achieved by informing travellers of the incidents so they can adapt their behaviour in a manner that reduces community impacts, such as lateness and the associated vehicle emissions, unreliability of travel times, as well as secondary accidents due to incidents. Generally, road authorities do carry out needs assessments, but qualitatively in many cases. Therefore, this masters research presents a framework that is systematic, quantitative and relatively easy to implement. In order to prioritise VMS infrastructure deployment, a risk management approach was taken that focuses on minimising the impacts on, and costs to the community. In the framework and case study conducted, safety, efficiency and reliability, and environmental impacts are quantified using an economic risk management approach to determine an overall risk score. This score can be used to rank road sections within the network, indicating the roads with the highest risk of incident network impacts and therefore the roads with the highest need for intervention. A cost-effectiveness based risk-reduction ranking can then be determined for each incident management treatment type, comparing the net risk with treatment to that without treatment, and dividing by the net present value of deployment. The two types of ranking, pure risk and cost-effectiveness based risk reduction, will help to minimise the network impacts on the community and optimise resource allocation.

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8

Sciandra, Vincent. "Toward unifying on-board intelligent transportation systems architecture in public transports". Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1097/document.

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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans une démarche Européenne de recherche sous l'égide du projet European Bus System of the Futur (EBSF). Ce projet vise à définir le bus de demain et de préparer son architecture embarquée, aux systèmes de transport intelligents (STI) critiques ou de divertissement, de plus en plus présents dans les véhicules. Les systèmes autrefois hétérogènes et autonomes, devrons à l'avenir communiquer sur une architecture orientée service (SOA) unique. L'objectif est d'optimiser le fonctionnement de l'architecture dans son ensemble grâce à des protocoles de communication ouverts et standards. C'est à partir de cette base, à laquelle nous avons activement apportée notre contribution, que notre thèse s'appuie. Le dimensionnement et la validation de ces architectures sont restés des éléments sans réponse à la suite du projet EBSF. Cette thèse présente premièrement une méthode dimensionnement des architectures STI basée sur les méthodes de décision multi-critères. Nous nous basons sur une étude poussée des besoins opérationnels collectés tout au long de la thèse. Dans un deuxième temps, nous adaptons le modèle de Criticité Mixte, définit dans le domaine du temps réel, aux flux de communication entre le véhicule et l'infrastructure. Enfin nous présentons les travaux réalisés dans le cadre de la standardisation européenne afin de promouvoir ce type d'architecture et les travaux de cette thèse
Intelligent Transportation systems (ITS) are massively used in the Public Transport sector since the Two decades. This profusion of systems on-board and off-board vehicles generates inter-operability issues. The growth of urban zones and the increase of public transport attractiveness, brought multi-modal constraints that are today limited due to a lack of architecture vision embracing all ITS. This thesis proposes to unify the architecture vision of on-board ITS. We based our technical architecture on the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) proposed in the European Bus System of the Future (EBSF) project, in which this thesis actively contributed. We study first the global requirements of different transportation modes operated in Europe. Those requirements are a basis to the definition of technical constraints of a global architecture. Those constraints are ranked in terms of importance using a proposed method based on Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques. The method that we propose permits to size the technical architecture. We then study the flow management of data, considering the context of operation of vehicles and the criticality of ITS applications. We propose to adapt the Real-time Mixed-Criticality model to communication systems on-board the vehicles. We apply this method on a communication gateway of a bus, through its journey. Finally we present the work done at the standardization level (CEN) in order promote the global architecture vision presented in the thesis

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AFGHANI, AHMAD. "Reliable Real-Time Communication for Future ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) using HWA (Heterogeneous Wireless Access)". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för Informationsvetenskap, Data– och Elektroteknik (IDE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-16364.

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In this research oriented master’s thesis we have proposed a future vision of ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) by utilizing the novel concept of HWA (Heterogeneous Wireless Access). Our proposal is backed by the investigation of the results of experiments conducted at CERES (Centre for Research on Embedded Systems), Halmstad University, Sweden to evaluate the quality of communication for V2V and V2I by using the IEEE 802.11p standard. We have also identified the expected scenarios with need of any other communication technology in replacement of IEEE 802.11p for V2V and V2I communication. We have also investigated the relevant research projects, experiments and their results on the basis of predefined constraints. In the investigated research projects the concept of HWA has been correlated with our proposal of HWA for ITS. We have identified that for smooth integration of any communication technology with IEEE 802.11p, an efficient and smart vertical handover protocol or method will be required. We have presented a blue print of a custom designed vertical handover technique which can be implemented for future ITS with further enhancements and experimental evaluations. We have also evaluated the worst case scenarios to assess the suitability of the HWA for the ITS. We proposed few solutions based on the evaluation of communication scenarios for the integration of IEEE 802.11p with other wireless communication technologies. Finally we have provided some conclusions and suggested future researches which must be conducted to realize the dream of ITS with support of HWA.

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Bakhtyar, Shoaib. "Designing Electronic Waybill Solutions for Road Freight Transport". Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datalogi och datorsystemteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-11775.

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In freight transportation, a waybill is an important document that contains essential information about a consignment. The focus of this thesis is on a multi-purpose electronic waybill (e-Waybill) service, which can provide the functions of a paper waybill, and which is capable of storing, at least, the information present in a paper waybill. In addition, the service can be used to support other existing Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) services by utilizing on synergies with the existing services. Additionally, information entities from the e-Waybill service are investigated for the purpose of knowledge-building concerning freight flows. A systematic review on state-of-the-art of the e-Waybill service reveals several limitations, such as limited focus on supporting ITS services. Five different conceptual e-Waybill solutions (that can be seen as abstract system designs for implementing the e-Waybill service) are proposed. The solutions are investigated for functional and technical requirements (non-functional requirements), which can potentially impose constraints on a potential system for implementing the e-Waybill service. Further, the service is investigated for information and functional synergies with other ITS services. For information synergy analysis, the required input information entities for different ITS services are identified; and if at least one information entity can be provided by an e-Waybill at the right location we regard it to be a synergy. Additionally, a service design method has been proposed for supporting the process of designing new ITS services, which primarily utilizes on functional synergies between the e-Waybill and different existing ITS services. The suggested method is applied for designing a new ITS service, i.e., the Liability Intelligent Transport System (LITS) service. The purpose of the LITS service isto support the process of identifying when and where a consignment has been damaged and who was responsible when the damage occurred. Furthermore, information entities from e-Waybills are utilized for building improved knowledge concerning freight flows. A freight and route estimation method has been proposed for building improved knowledge, e.g., in national road administrations, on the movement of trucks and freight. The results from this thesis can be used to support the choice of practical e-Waybill service implementation, which has the possibility to provide high synergy with ITS services. This may lead to a higher utilization of ITS services and more sustainable transport, e.g., in terms of reduced congestion and emissions. Furthermore, the implemented e-Waybill service can be an enabler for collecting consignment and traffic data and converting the data into useful traffic information. In particular, the service can lead to increasing amounts of digitally stored data about consignments, which can lead to improved knowledge on the movement of freight and trucks. The knowledge may be helpful when making decisions concerning road taxes, fees, and infrastructure investments.

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Aramrattana, Maytheewat. "Modelling and Simulation for Evaluation of Cooperative Intelligent Transport System Functions". Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Centrum för forskning om inbyggda system (CERES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-12683.

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Future vehicles are expected to be equipped with wireless communication technology, that enables them to be “connected” to each others and road infrastructures. Complementing current autonomous vehicles and automated driving systems, the wireless communication allows the vehicles to interact, cooperate, and be aware of its surroundings beyond their own sensors’ range. Such sys- tems are often referred to as Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS), which aims to provide extra safety, efficiency, and sustainability to transporta- tion systems. Several C-ITS applications are under development and will require thorough testing and evaluation before their deployment in the real-world. C- ITS depend on several sub-systems, which increase their complexity, and makes them difficult to evaluate. Simulations are often used to evaluate many different automotive applications, including C-ITS. Although they have been used extensively, simulation tools dedicated to determine all aspects of C-ITS are rare, especially human factors aspects, which are often ignored. The majority of the simulation tools for C-ITS rely heavily on different combinations of network and traffic simulators. The human factors issues have been covered in only a few C-ITS simulation tools, that involve a driving simulator. Therefore, in this thesis, a C-ITS simulation framework that combines driving, network, and traffic simulators is presented. The simulation framework is able to evaluate C-ITS applications from three perspectives; a) human driver; b) wireless communication; and c) traffic systems. Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) and its applications are chosen as the first set of C-ITS functions to be evaluated. Example scenarios from CACC and platoon merging applications are presented, and used as test cases for the simulation framework, as well as to elaborate potential usages of it. Moreover, approaches, results, and challenges from composing the simulation framework are presented and discussed. The results shows the usefulness of the proposed simulation framework.

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Albrecht, Thomas, Birgit Jaekel e Martin Lehnert. "Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems 2013". TUDpress, 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34054.

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Challenges arising from an increasing traffic demand, limited resource availability and growing quality expectations of the customers can only be met successfully, if each transport mode is regarded as an intelligent transportation system itself, but also as part of one intelligent transportation system with “intelligent” intramodal and intermodal interfaces. This topic is well reflected in the Third International Conference on “Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems” which took place in Dresden 2013 (previous editions: Rome 2009, Leuven 2011). With its variety of traffic management problems that can be solved using similar methods and technologies, but with application specific models, objective functions and constraints the conference stands for an intensive exchange between theory and practice and the presentation of case studies for all transport modes and gives a discussion forum for control engineers, computer scientists, mathematicians and other researchers and practitioners. The present book comprises fifty short papers accepted for presentation at the Third Edition of the conference. All submissions have undergone intensive reviews by the organisers of the special sessions, the members of the scientific and technical advisory committees and further external experts in the field. Like the conference itself the proceedings are structured in twelve streams: the more model-oriented streams of Road-Bound Public Transport Management, Modelling and Control of Urban Traffic Flow, Railway Traffic Management in four different sessions, Air Traffic Management, Water Traffic and Traffic and Transit Assignment, as well as the technology-oriented streams of Floating Car Data, Localisation Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems and Image Processing in Transportation. With this broad range of topics this book will be of interest to a number of groups: ITS experts in research and industry, students of transport and control engineering, operations research and computer science. The case studies will also be of interest for transport operators and members of traffic administration.

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Escobedo, Zavala Ronnie André, e Cifuentes Jesús Antonio Estela. "Propuesta de mejoramiento de los niveles de servicio en la intersección de las avenidas Primavera y Velasco Astete mediante la aplicación de tecnologías basadas en el uso de Sistemas Inteligentes de Transporte (ITS)". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/635424.

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La presente tesis consiste en la investigación y desarrollo de la implementación de las tecnologías ITS para mejorar la transitabilidad en la intersección de las avenidas Primavera y Velasco Astete. Esta implementación está orientada a la disminución de la congestión vehicular en la intersección a través de una mejor gestión del tráfico sin la necesidad de implementar infraestructuras viales basadas en obras civiles, como ampliación de carriles, creación de viaductos, pasos a desnivel, entre otros, las cuales requieren una mayor inversión de capital. Es por esta razón que el objeto de esta tesis está en la propuesta de la mejora de la situación actual del tráfico en el escenario en estudio con la implementación de las tecnologías ITS mediante su simulación en el software Aimsun v8.2. Para ello, se estudiaron los niveles de servicio según los conceptos establecidos por la metodología HCM 2010. La implementación de los ITS en el escenario estudiado permitió una reducción promedio de 150 segundos en el tiempo de demora, los factores de la cola media y densidad vehicular también presentaron mejoras. Asimismo, el nivel de servicio, luego del análisis de resultados realizado, presentó una mejora significativa al pasar de una clasificación F a una clasificación C en la intersección principal estudiada. Finalmente, del análisis de costos realizado, a través de la asociación a los factores de valor social del tiempo, VHMD y tiempo de viaje, se obtuvo que la implementación de los ITS en la intersección representaría un beneficio de S/. 1,227.77 / km.hora.pasajeros promedio.
This thesis consists of the research and development of the implementation of ITS technologies to improve the passability at the intersection of Primavera and Velasco Astete avenues. This implementation is aimed at reducing vehicular congestion at the intersection through better traffic management without the need to implement road infrastructure based on civil works, such as extension of lanes, creation of viaducts, overpasses, among others, which require a greater capital investment. It is for this reason that the purpose of this thesis is in the proposal to improve the current traffic situation on the stage under study with the implementation of ITS technologies through its simulation in the Aimsun v8.2 software. For this, the service levels were studied according to the concepts established by the HCM 2010 methodology. The implementation of ITS in the scenario studied allowed an average reduction of 150 seconds in the delay time, the factors of the average tail and vehicle density also showed improvements. Likewise, the level of service (LOS), after the analysis of the results, presented a significant improvement when passing from an F classification to a C classification at the main intersection studied. Finally, from the cost analysis carried out, through the association with the social value factors of time, VHMD and travel time, it was obtained that the implementation of STIs at the intersection would represent a benefit of S /. 1,227.77 / km. Hour. Average passengers.
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14

Dongkai, Yang, Bai Xin e Zhang Qishan. "VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR PUBLIC TRAFFIC IN BEIJING". International Foundation for Telemetering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607294.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
With the rapid development of urban economy, there are bus increasing, route extending, and shuttle frequency increasing etc. At the same time, road construction is subject to land surface, so traffic jam often occurs. It is a big trouble for life of citizens and problem for economy development. So it needs to be improved as fast as possible. Vehicle monitoring system for public traffic in Beijing can expediently monitor the state of each controlled bus, thereby making perfect management. With the integration of GPS, analog trunked communication and digital map, the old, blinding manage system of public traffic would be changed into advanced, visualized management mode, and several routes are dispatched in one dispatch center at the same time. The system frame and its components are introduced in this paper.

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Agha, Jafari Wolde Bahareh. "A systematic Mapping study of ADAS and Autonomous Driving". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-42754.

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Nowadays, autonomous driving revolution is getting closer to reality. To achieve the Autonomous driving the first step is to develop the Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS). Driver-assistance systems are one of the fastest-growing segments in automotive electronics since already there are many forms of ADAS available. To investigate state of art of development of ADAS towards Autonomous Driving, we develop Systematic Mapping Study (SMS). SMS methodology is used to collect, classify, and analyze the relevant publications. A classification is introduced based on the developments carried out in ADAS towards Autonomous driving. According to SMS methodology, we identified 894 relevant publications about ADAS and its developmental journey toward Autonomous Driving completed from 2012 to 2016. We classify the area of our research under three classifications: technical classifications, research types and research contributions. The related publications are classified under thirty-three technical classifications. This thesis sheds light on a better understanding of the achievements and shortcomings in this area. By evaluating collected results, we answer our seven research questions. The result specifies that most of the publications belong to the Models and Solution Proposal from the research type and contribution. The least number of the publications belong to the Automated…Autonomous driving from the technical classification which indicated the lack of publications in this area.

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Haidar, Farah. "Validation platform for vehicle secure and highly trusted communications in the context of the cooperative ITS systems". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT011.

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Le système de transport coopératif intelligent (C-ITS) a attiré beaucoup d'attention ces dernières années en raison du grand nombre d'applications / cas d'usage qui peuvent améliorer l'expérience de conduite future.Les futurs véhicules seront connectés grâce aux plusieurs technologies de communication qui ouvriront la porte aux nouvelles menaces et vulnérabilités qui doivent être prises en compte. La protection de la vie privée et la sécurité est un sujet clé à aborder avant le déploiement de C-ITS. De plus, la grande variété de cas d'utilisation / applications C-ITS qui nécessitent des exigences de sécurité différentes fait de la sécurité un grand défi.La confidentialité et la protection des données des utilisateurs constituent également un défi. L'industrie automobile et les opérateurs doivent se conformer à la législation nationale et internationale pour la protection des données dans C-ITS. Afin de faire face aux problèmes de confidentialité, la solution existante consiste à disposer d'un pool d'identités pseudonymes valides, par le véhicule, et à les modifier lors de la communication.L'une des motivations de cette thèse est d'étudier les performances de rechargement de certificats pseudonymes. En d'autres termes, il est important de s'assurer que la latence du rechargement des certificats de pseudonyme à partir de l'ICP tout en conduisant à des vitesses différentes est acceptable. La deuxième motivation est l'analyse des menaces et des vulnérabilités, en particulier sur celles qui proviennent de l'utilisation du certificat pseudonyme. L'objectif est de mettre en œuvre ces attaques et de proposer de nouvelles solutions ou de trouver des améliorations à la solution existante pour détecter et prévenir les attaques de sécurité. La sécurité et la confidentialité dans C-ITS sont considérées comme de grands défis. Beaucoup de travail a été fait et de bonnes solutions existent dans le domaine de la sécurité et de la confidentialité. Nous remarquons que les systèmes ne peuvent pas être sécurisés à 100%, mais la sécurité du conducteur est liée à la sécurité du système. Pour cela, le but de cette thèse est de faire du hack blanc du C-ITS afin d'améliorer la solution existante. Une évaluation des risques est nécessaire pour identifier notre objectif d'évaluation et analyser les risques potentiels. L'objectif final de cette thèse est de proposer une plaque de validation de sécurité et de performance pour la communication véhiculaire dans le cadre des C-ITS
Cooperative Intelligent Transportation System (C-ITS) has gained much attention in the recent years due to the large number of applications/use cases that can improve future driving experience. Future vehicles will be connected through several communication technologies which will open the door to new threats and vulnerabilities that must be taken into account. The security protection is a key subject to address before C-ITS deployment. Moreover, the wide variety of C-ITS use cases/application with different security requirements makes the security a big challenge. User's privacy and data protection are also a challenge. Automotive industry and operators should comply with the national and international legislation for the data protection in C-ITS. In order to deal with privacy issues, existing solution consists of having a pool of valid pseudonym identities, by the vehicle, and changing them during the communication. One of the motivations of this thesis is to study the performance of pseudonym certificate reloading. In other words, it is important to ensure that the latency of reloading pseudonym certificates from the PKI while driving at different speeds is acceptable. The second motivation is the investigation on threats and vulnerabilities, especially on those that come from the pseudonym certificate's use. The objective is to implement those attacks and propose new solutions or find improvements to the existing solution for detecting and preventing security attacks. Security and privacy in C-ITS are considered as big challenges. A Lot of work has been done and good solutions exist in the security and privacy domain. We notice that systems cannot be secure at 100% but driver's safety is related to system's security. For this, the aim of this thesis is to do white hack of the C-ITS in order to improve the existing solution. A risk assessment is needed to identify our target of evaluation and analyse potential risks. The final goal of this thesis is to propose a security and performance validation plate-form for vehicular communication in the context of C-ITS

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Nguyen-Minh, Huong. "Contribution to the Intelligent Transportation System : security of Safety Applications in Vehicle Ad hoc Networks". Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG0212/document.

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Le développement du transport partout dans le monde a fourni un grand nombre d'avantages pour de nombreux aspects de la vie humaine. Les systèmes de transport intelligents (ITS) sont des applications avancées qui visent à rendre les réseaux de transport plus sûrs, plus pratiques et plus intelligents. Selon leurs usages, ils peuvent être classés en deux types d'applications ITS, qui sont des applications de sûreté et des applications non-sûreté. Le réseau de véhicules ad hoc (VANET) est un élément clé des systèmes ITS, car il permet la communication entre les unités de transport. Ces communications prennent en charge différentes applications ITS avec différentes propriétés. Parmi les deux types d'applications, nous nous intéressons aux applications de sûreté qui ont des contraintes de qualité de service et des contraintes de sécurité plus strictes. Selon le scénario considéré et l'application de sûreté donnée, les informations échangées entre les véhicules doivent être diffusé localement dans une communication à un seul saut et / ou également notifiées aux véhicules à large dimension. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'améliorer les performances des applications de sûreté en termes de qualité de service et de sécurité, à la fois dans une communication à un saut et dans une communication multi-sauts. Nous nous intéressons à la fiabilité, la connectivité et le déni de service (DoS). Nous étudions et proposons des solutions techniques provenant de couches inférieures (Physique, Liaison et Réseaux) qui jouent un rôle fondamental dans l'atténuation des défis créés par la nature de l'environnement des véhicules. Tout d'abord, nous introduisons une nouvelle méthode efficace pour fiabiliser la radiodiffusion. Dans notre système, les messages de sécurité sont rediffusés lorsque l'expéditeur est sollicité. Cela augmente le pourcentage de véhicules qui reçoivent les messages alors que le nombre de messages dupliqués reste limité. En second lieu, en tenant compte de la fragmentation du réseau, nous étudions des solutions qui permettent de pallier la déconnexion temporaire du réseau pour apporter l'information de sécurité aux destinataires. Basé sur les propriétés sociales des réseaux de véhicules, nous proposons un protocole de transfert basé sur des relations sociales pour relayer la communication entre les véhicules et des points d'intérêt qui fournissent des services de sécurité avec des contraintes de temps plus souples, telles que la recherche et le sauvetage. Troisièmement, nous étudions l'attaque de brouillage, une sorte d'attaques DoS, qui est cruciale pour les applications de sûreté et qui et facilement réalisable au niveau des couches inférieures. Nous modélisons l'attaque de brouillage afin d'étudier la dégradation causée par l'attaque sur les performances du réseau. La dégradation à un certain niveau dans les performances du réseau est une indication de présence d'attaques de brouillage dans le réseau; donc les résultats de cette analyse nous permettent de déterminer les seuils de performance du réseau pour distinguer entre les scénarios normaux et les scénarios attaqués. Toutefois, selon cette analyse, le procédé utilisant la dégradation comme une indication pour détecter une attaque de brouillage est impossible pour des applications temps réel. Par conséquent, nous proposons des nouvelles méthodes afin de détecter les attaques de brouillage temps réel. Nos méthodes permettent la détection en temps réel avec une grande précision, non seulement chez le moniteur central mais aussi au niveau de chaque véhicule. Par conséquent, les véhicules sont avertis sur l'attaque assez tôt pour récupérer la communication et réagir à ces attaques
The development of transportation all over the world has been providing a lot of benefits for many aspects of human life. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are advanced applications that aim to make the transport networks safer, more convenient and smarter. According to their usages, they can be classified into two types of ITS applications, which are safety applications and non-safety applications. Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a key component of ITS since it enables communications among transportation units. These communications support different ITS applications with various properties. Between two types of applications, we are interested in safety applications which have tighter quality and security constraints. Depending on an applied scenario of a given safety application, the exchanged information among vehicles must be broadcast locally within one-hop communication and/or also be notified to vehicles in large range. The main objective of this thesis is to improve the performance of safety applications in term of the quality of service and security, in both one-hop communication and multi-hop communication. We focus on reliability, connectivity and Denial of Services (DoS) attack. We study and propose technical solutions coming from lower layers (Physical, MAC and network layers) which play a fundamental role in mitigation to challenges created by the nature of the vehicular environment. Firstly, we introduce a reliable scheme to achieve the reliability for broadcasting. In our scheme, the safety messages are rebroadcast when the sender is solicited. This increases the percentage of vehicles receiving the messages while duplicated messages are limited. Secondly, with consideration of the fragmentation of the network, we study solutions that overcome the temporary disconnection in the network to bring the safety information to the recipients. Based on the social properties of vehicular networks, we propose a social-based forwarding protocol to support the communication between vehicles to points of interest that provide safety services with looser time constraints, such as search and rescue. Thirdly, we investigate jamming attack, a kind of DoS attacks, which is crucial for safety applications because of the adequate condition of the attack at the lower layers. We model jamming attack on broadcasting in order to study the degradation caused by the attack on network performance. The degradation at a certain level in network performance is an indication of a jamming attack presence in the network; therefore results from this analysis will allow us to determine network performance thresholds to distinguish between normal and attacked scenarios. However, according to our analysis, the method using the degradation as an indication to detect a jamming attack is not feasible for real-time applications. Hence, we propose methods to detect jamming attacks in real-time. Our methods allow real-time detection with high accuracy, not only at the central monitor but also at each vehicle. Therefore, vehicles are noticed about the attack soon enough to recover the communication and react to these attacks

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Gallego, Ripoll María de las Nieves. "Requisitos técnicos para la aplicación de sensores de tecnología láser en sistemas inteligentes de transporte (ITS)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/7381.

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Es un hecho incuestionable que las necesidades de los ciudadanos han cambiado a lo largo de los últimos tiempos. Objetos, bienes, cualidades y situaciones que antes nos eran indiferentes actualmente ocupan una elevada posición en nuestra escala de valores. Un ejemplo de ello es la seguridad que en la sociedad en la que vivimos es un activo en alza que está alcanzando cotas muy importantes. La seguridad vial se convirtió en una preocupación global en abril de 2004, cuando la Asamblea General de la Organización de las Naciones Unidad (ONU) aprobó una resolución en la que instaba a la mejora de la seguridad vial en el mundo [ONU04]. Esta preocupación se traspasó a todas las esferas de gobierno (ONU, UE, Gobiernos de España..). Así, el principal objetivo de todas las políticas y planes de seguridad vial se centran actualmente en la reducción de muertes en carretera [DGTO6a]. Uno de los escenarios donde se pone de manifiesto de forma más evidente y clara el problema de la seguridad vial y el objetivo de reducción de víctimas por accidentes de tráfico es el entorno urbano y metropolitano. Este conjunto de factores y circunstancias posiciona a la gestión de tráfico como uno de los factores estratégicos más relevantes hoy en día. Asimismo, implica a diversos sectores tales como el económico (dependencia de los combustibles), el ambiental (contaminación, ruido, emisión de gases de efecto invernadero ), la seguridad (de usuarios de la vía, tanto conductores, como peatones) y la salud (problemas respiratorios, circulatorios ). Los sistemas de transporte inteligentes, ITS (acrónimo del inglés Intelligent Transportation Systems), presentan una solución a las demandas de seguridad vial, gestión de tráfico y movilidad ciudadana, gracias al desarrollo y al uso de diversas aplicaciones y tecnologías [ITS08a, ITS8b]. La correcta gestión del tráfico rodado exige la utilización de una gran cantidad de información que presente un alto grado de fiabilidad.
Gallego Ripoll, MDLN. (2010). Requisitos técnicos para la aplicación de sensores de tecnología láser en sistemas inteligentes de transporte (ITS) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/7381
Palancia

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Alodadi, Khaled. "Detecting non-line of sight to prevent accidents in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/12268.

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There are still many challenges in the field of VANETs that encouraged researchers to conduct further investigation in this field to meet these challenges. The issue pertaining to routing protocols such as delivering the warning messages to the vehicles facing Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) situations without causing the storm problem and channel contention, is regarded as a serious dilemma which is required to be tackled in VANET, especially in congested environments. This requires the designing of an efficient mechanism of routing protocol that can broadcast the warning messages from the emergency vehicles to the vehicles under NLOS, reducing the overhead and increasing the packet delivery ratio with a reduced time delay and channel utilisation. The main aim of this work is to develop the novel routing protocol for a high-density environment in VANET through utilisation of its high mobility features, aid of the sensors such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and Navigation System (NS). In this work, the cooperative approach has been used to develop the routing protocol called the Co-operative Volunteer Protocol (CVP), which uses volunteer vehicles to disseminate the warning message from the source to the target vehicle under NLOS issue; this also increases the packet delivery ratio, detection of NLOS and resolution of NLOS by delivering the warning message successfully to the vehicle under NLOS, thereby causing a direct impact on the reduction of collisions between vehicles in normal mode and emergency mode on the road near intersections or on highways. The cooperative approach adopted for warning message dissemination reduced the rebroadcast rate of messages, thereby decreasing significantly the storm issue and the channel contention. A novel architecture has been developed by utilising the concept of a Context-Aware System (CAS), which clarifies the OBU components and their interaction with each other in order to collect data and take the decisions based on the sensed circumstances. The proposed architecture has been divided into three main phases: sensing, processing and acting. The results obtained from the validation of the proposed CVP protocol using the simulator EstiNet under specific conditions and parameters showed that performance of the proposed protocol is better than that of the GRANT protocol with regard to several metrics such as packet delivery ratio, neighbourhood awareness, channel utilisation, overhead and latency. It is also successfully shown that the proposed CVP could detect the NLOS situation and solves it effectively and efficiently for both the intersection scenario in urban areas and the highway scenario.

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20

Elhenawy, Mohammed Mamdouh Zakaria. "Appling Machine and Statistical Learning Techniques to Intelligent Transport Systems: Bottleneck Identification and Prediction, Dynamic Travel Time Prediction, Driver Run-Stop Behavior Modeling, and Autonomous Vehicle Control at Intersections". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73790.

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In this dissertation, new algorithms that address three traffic problems of major importance are developed. First automatic identification and prediction algorithms are developed to identify and predict the occurrence of traffic congestion. The identification algorithms concoct a model to identify speed thresholds by exploiting historical spatiotemporal speed matrices. We employ the speed model to define a cutoff speed separating free-flow from congested traffic. We further enhance our algorithm by utilizing weather and visibility data. To our knowledge, we are the first to include weather and visibility variables in formulating an automatic congestion identification model. We also approach the congestion prediction problem by adopting an algorithm which employs Adaptive Boosting machine learning classifiers again something novel that has not been done previously. The algorithm is promising where it resulted in a true positive rate slightly higher than 0.99 and false positive rate less than 0.001. We next address the issue of travel time modeling. We propose algorithms to model travel time using various machine learning and statistical learning techniques. We obtain travel time models by employing the historical spatiotemporal speed matrices in conjunction with our algorithms. The algorithms yield pertinent information regarding travel time reliability and prediction of travel times. Our proposed algorithms give better predictions compared to the state of practice algorithms. Finally we consider driver safety at signalized intersections and uncontrolled intersections in a connected vehicles environment. For signalized intersections, we exploit datasets collected from four controlled experiments to model the stop-run behavior of the driver at the onset of the yellow indicator for various roadway surface conditions and multiple vehicle types. We further propose a new variable (predictor) related to driver aggressiveness which we estimate by monitoring how drivers respond to yellow indications. The performance of the stop-run models shows improvements after adding the new aggressiveness predictor. The proposed models are practical and easy to implement in advanced driver assistance systems. For uncontrolled intersections, we present a game theory based algorithm that models the intersection as a chicken game to solve the conflicts between vehicles crossing the intersection. The simulation results show a 49% saving in travel time on average relative to a stop control when the vehicles obey the Nash equilibrium of the game.
Ph. D.

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Caselli, Federico. "Protocolli per gestione di informazioni di traffico in reti veicolari ad hoc". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7595/.

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Sviluppo ed implementazione di protocolli per il monitoraggio di traffico stradale sulla piattaforma di simulazione iTETRIS per la raccolta di informazioni da utilizzare in applicazioni di Intelligent Transport System.

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22

Peng, Wendi Surveying &amp Spatial Information Systems Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Roles of factors in simulation of parking guidance and information systems". Publisher:University of New South Wales. Surveying & Spatial Information Systems, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42788.

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The Parking Guidance and Information (PGI) system is an important application of Intelligent Transport System (ITS), which has been shown to be an effect service for traffic information and parking management. The roadside Variable Message Sign (VMS) board has been the usual media for the publication of parking information in early PGI systems, and its performance over the years has been studied via simulations and questionnaire surveys. However, survey results show significant discrepancies across various traffic networks in different areas. More recently, parking information services have become available on other media such as mobile and in-vehicle devices. In contrast to VMS-based systems, PGI systems based on new media, especially the in-vehicle class of devices, have not been studied separately. This thesis aims to conduct research into the performance of PGI systems based on invehicle devices, by simulating and comparing a VMS-based PGI system with a Vehicle On-Board Device (VOBD)-based PGI system. A specially designed simulator utilising a routing algorithm known as the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in computer networks, has been created in MATLAB. The simulation minimises the influence of specific structures of traffic networks that may be found in some networks, but not others. This is done by simulating a grid-based road network where the capacities of parking stations and their geographic distribution are randomly allocated within specific zones, and the parking demand in each run of simulations is variable load. The results of simulations, including the information reliability, reduction of travel time, demand on on-street parking and the utilisation rates of parking stations, are analysed for multiple scenarios where the compliance rate, the information update policy and the strategy of human behaviour are varied. The analyses reveal a significant advantage of VOBD-based PGI systems over VMS-based PGI systems in terms of the quality of information and the reduction of travel time. At the same time, the analyses highlight the limitations of a PGI system when the demand and supply of parking stations is not appropriately balanced.

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Lyamin, Nikita. "Performance evaluation of safety critical ITS-G5 V2V communications for cooperative driving Applications". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665484.

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Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are aiming to provide innovative services related to different modes of transport and traffic management, and enable various users to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated and smarter use of transport networks. Cooperative-ITS (C-ITS) support connectivity between vehicles, vehicles and roadside infrastructure, traffic signals as well as with other road users. In order to enable vehicular communications European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI) delivered ITS-G5 – a of set of C-ITS standards. Considering the goals of C-ITS, inter-vehicle communications should be reliable and efficient. The subject of this thesis is evaluation of the performance, efficiency, and depend- ability of ITS-G5 communications for cooperative driving applications support. This thesis includes eight scientific papers and extends the research area in three directions: evaluation of the performance of ITS-G5 beaconing protocols; studying the performance of ITS-G5 congestion control mechanisms; and studying the radio jamming Denial-of- Service (DoS) attacks and their detection methods. First, an overview of currently available and ongoing standardization targeting communications in C-ACC/platooning cooperative driving application is provided. Then, as part of the first research direction, we demonstrate via number of studies, that adaptive beaconing approach where message generation is coupled to the speed variation of the originating ITS-s may lead to a similar message synchronization effect in the time domain when vehicles follow mobility scenarios that involve cooperative speed variation. We ex- plain in detail the cause of this phenomenon and test it for a wide range of parameters. In relation to the second problem, we, first, study the influence of different available ITS-G5 legitimate setups on the C-ACC/platooning fuel efficiency and demonstrate that proper communication setup may enhance fuel savings. Then we thoroughly study the standardization of the congestion control mechanism for ITS-G5, which will affect the operation of all cooperative driving C-ITS applications as a mandatory component. We study the influence of congestion control on application performance and give recommendations for improvement to make the congestion control to target at optimizing the applications performance metrics. In the scope of the last research direction, we propose two real-time jamming DoS detection methods. The main advantage of our detection techniques is their short learning phase that not exceed a few seconds and low detection delay of a few hundreds of milliseconds. Under some assumptions, the proposed algorithms demonstrates the ability to detect certain types of attacks with high detection probability.
Els Sistemes de Transport Intel·ligents (ITS) tenen com a objectiu proporcionar serveis innovadors relacionats amb diferents modes de transport i gestió del trànsit, i permetre que els usuaris en facin un ús més segur, més coordinat i més intel·ligent. Cooperative-ITS (C-ITS) fa possible la connectivitat entre vehicles, entre vehicles i la infraestructura de la carretera, entre senyals de trànsit, i amb altres usuaris de la carretera. Per tal de permetre la comunicació entre vehicles, l'Institut Europeu de les Telecomunicacions (ETSI) va crear el ITS-G5 - un conjunt de normes C-ITS. Tenint en compte els objectius de C-ITS, les comunicacions entre vehicles han de ser fiables i eficients.Lobjectiu d'aquesta tesi és l'avaluació del rendiment i l'eficiència de les comunicacions ITS-G5 per donar suport a les aplicacions de conducció cooperativa. La tesi inclou vuit articles científics al voltant de tres àrees de recerca: avaluació del rendiment dels protocols de baliseig ITS-G5; estudi del rendiment dels mecanismes de control de la congestió ITS-G5; i estudi de d’atacs de tipus Denial-of-Service (DoS) i els seus mètodes de detecció. En primer lloc, s’inclou una descripció general dels objectius d'estandardització actuals i futurs respecte a la conducció cooperativa C-ACC / platooning. Després, com a part de la primera àrea de recerca, es demostra a través de diversos estudis, que l'enfocament de balisa adaptativa on la generació de missatges està acoblada a la variació de velocitat dels ITS-s originadors, pot portar a un efecte de sincronització de missatges similar en el domini del temps quan els vehicles adapten de manera cooperativa la seva velocitat. Així, s’explica detalladament la causa d'aquest fenomen i s’estudia per a una àmplia gamma de paràmetres. En relació amb el segon problema, primer s’estudia la influència de diferents configuracions base del ITS-G5 en el consum de combustible, demostrant que amb una configuració adequada es pot millorar l'estalvi de combustible. Després, s’estudia el mecanisme de control de congestió definit per ITS-G5, que afectarà el funcionament de totes les aplicacions de C-ITS de conducció cooperativa ja que es un component obligatori, avaluant la seva influència en el rendiment de les aplicacions, i donant recomanacions de millora. Finalment, en l’àrea de l'última direcció d'investigació, es proposen dos mètodes de detecció de DoS en temps real. El principal avantatge de les tècniques de detecció presentades és la seva curta fase d'aprenentatge, que no excedeix d’uns pocs segons, i el seu baix retard de detecció d'uns pocs centenars de milisegons. Sota alguns supòsits, els algoritmes proposats demostren la capacitat de detectar certs tipus d'atacs amb alta probabilitat de detecció.
Los Sistemas de Transporte Inteligentes (ITS) tienen como objetivo proporcionar servicios innovadores relacionados con diferentes modos de transporte y gestión del tráfico, y permitir que los usuarios hagan un uso más seguro, más coordinado y más inteligente. Cooperative-ITS (C-ITS) hace posible la conectividad entre vehículos, entre vehículos y la infraestructura de la carretera, entre señales de tráfico, y con otros usuarios de la carretera. Para permitir la comunicación entre vehículos, el Instituto Europeo de las Telecomunicaciones (ETSI) creó el ITS-G5 - un conjunto de normas C-ITS. Teniendo en cuenta los objetivos de C-ITS, las comunicaciones entre vehículos deben ser fiables y eficientes. El objetivo de esta tesis es la evaluación del rendimiento y la eficiencia de las comunicaciones ITS-G5 para dar soporte a las aplicaciones de conducción cooperativa. La tesis incluye ocho artículos científicos en torno a tres áreas de investigación: evaluación del rendimiento de los protocolos de baliza ITS-G5; estudio del rendimiento de los mecanismos de control de la congestión ITS-G5; y estudio de de ataques de tipo Denial-of-Service (DoS) y sus métodos de detección. En primer lugar, se incluye una descripción general de los objetivos de estandarización actuales y futuros respecto a la conducción cooperativa C-ACC / platooning. Luego, como parte de la primera área de investigación, se demuestra a través de varios estudios, que el enfoque de baliza adaptativa donde la generación de mensajes está acoplada a la variación de velocidad de los ITS-s originadores, puede llevar a un efecto de sincronización de mensajes similar en el dominio del tiempo cuando los vehículos adaptan de manera cooperativa su velocidad. Así, se explica detalladamente la causa de este fenómeno y se estudia para una amplia gama de parámetros. En relación con el segundo problema, primero se estudia la influencia de diferentes configuraciones base del ITS-G5 en el consumo de combustible, demostrando que con una configuración adecuada se puede mejorar el ahorro de combustible. Después, se estudia el mecanismo de control de congestión definido por ITS-G5, que afectará el funcionamiento de todas las aplicaciones de C-ITS de conducción cooperativa ya que es un componente obligatorio, evaluando su influencia en el rendimiento de las aplicaciones, y dando recomendaciones de mejora. Finalmente, en el área de la última dirección de investigación, se proponen dos métodos de detección de DoS en tiempo real. La principal ventaja de las técnicas de detección presentadas es su corta fase de aprendizaje, que no excede de unos pocos segundos, y su bajo retraso de detección de unos pocos cientos de milisegundos. Bajo algunos supuestos, los algoritmos propuestos demuestran la capacidad de detectar ciertos tipos de ataques con alta probabilidad de detección.

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Wilhelm, Geoffrey. "Etude des interactions réseaux véhiculaires et Cloud". Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS032/document.

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Les réseaux véhiculaires sont des réseaux émergents qui permettent de connecter des véhicules entre eux et avec les infrastructures routières. Ils permettent de mettre en œuvre des applications de sécurité (évitement des collisions, prévention des travaux, etc.), des applications temps-réel (aide à la conduite automatisée), des applications des systèmes de transport intelligents (gestion du trafic, proposition de détours, etc.), des applications de confort (péage automatique des autoroutes, connexion à du contenu multimédia en ligne, etc.). Pour fonctionner pleinement, le véhicule a besoin d’une puissance de calcul de plus en plus grande et d’une connexion quasi-continue. Afin de garantir cette contrainte, les réseaux véhiculaires font de plus en plus appel au Cloud. Cette thèse vise à explorer les différentes interactions entre les réseaux véhiculaire et Cloud
Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are a new kind of networks which allow to connect vehicles between them and with the road infrastructures. It make possible to deploy safety applications (colision avoidance, roadworks advertisement, etc.), real time application (driver assistance, automated driving, etc.), comfort application (automatic toll payment, access to multimedia contents via internet, etc.). In order to be functioning completely, the vehicle needs more and more computing power and a connection with almost no interruption. To guarantee this constraints, VANETs are using more and more often the Cloud Computing. This thesis aims to explore the differents intereactions between VANETs and the Cloud

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25

Toufga, Soufian. "Vers des réseaux véhiculaires (VANET) programmables grâce à la technologie SDN (software defined network)". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30128.

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Abstract (sommario):

Le concept de réseau véhiculaire qui initialement prônait essentiellement des communications de véhicules à véhicules s'ouvre à d'autres types de communications impliquant véhicules et infrastructure (réseau), cloud ou piétons, etc. afin de pouvoir répondre aux besoins de la grande variété des nouvelles applications envisagées dans le cadre du Système de Transport Intelligent (ITS: Intelligent Transportation System). La multitude des technologies réseau d'accès, la très forte mobilité des véhicules et leur forte densité en milieu urbain ainsi que la prédominance des communications sans-fil en font un réseau hétérogène, avec des caractéristiques très dynamiques, dont certaines peu prévisibles, et sujet à des problèmes d'échelle. Face à ces difficultés, une piste envisagée par la communauté scientifique est d'appliquer le paradigme SDN (Software Defined Network) aux réseaux véhiculaires comme moyen pour, d'une part permettre l'hybridation et l'unification du contrôle des différentes technologies réseaux d'accès et, d'autre part, tirer partie de la vue centralisée du réseau et des données contextuelles venues du cloud pour développer des nouveaux algorithmes de contrôle pouvant potentiellement reposer sur la prédiction/estimation de l'état du réseau et donc anticiper certaines décisions de contrôle. C'est donc dans ce cadre que s'inscrit ce travail de thèse dont les contributions visent à développer le concept de réseaux véhiculaires définis par logiciel SDVN (Software Defined Vehicular Network). Quatre contributions y sont développées. La première précise l'architecture d'un réseau véhiculaire SDN hybride capable de répondre aux défis décrits ci-avant. Cette architecture est complémentée par une solution de placement des contrôleurs SDN. Nous proposons une approche dynamique capable d'ajuster le placement optimal des contrôleurs en fonction des changements de la topologie réseau dues aux fluctuations du trafic routier. Ce travail aborde également le problème de la vision globale du réseau qu'un contrôleur SDN peut se constituer, vision préalable et pierre angulaire à toute fonction de contrôle réseau. A ce problème, nous proposons des amendements et extensions au service de découverte de topologie "de fait" conçu pour les réseaux filaires pour l'adapter au contexte véhiculaire. En complément au service de découverte, nous proposons également un service d'estimation de topologie basé sur des techniques d'apprentissage automatique (Machine Learning) pour offrir aux fonctions de contrôle réseau une vision potentielle de l'état futur du réseau et donc les ouvrir à un contrôle proactif et intelligent du réseau
The vehicular network concept, which initially focused on vehicle-to-vehicle communication, is opening up to other types of communications involving vehicles and infrastructure (network), cloud or pedestrians, etc. to meet the needs of the wide variety of new applications envisaged in the framework of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The multitude of network access technologies, the very high mobility of vehicles and their high density in urban areas, and the predominance of wireless communications make it a heterogeneous network, with very dynamic characteristics, some of which are difficult to predict, and subject to scalability problems. Given these issues, one direction, considered by the scientific community, is to apply the SDN (Software Defined Network) paradigm to vehicular networks as a means of, on the one hand, enabling the hybridization and unification of control of different network access technologies and, on the other hand, taking advantage of the centralized view of the network and contextual data from the cloud to develop new control algorithms that can potentially rely on the prediction/estimation of the network state and thus anticipate certain control decisions. Therefore, this thesis is part of this framework. Its contributions aim at developing the concept of SDVN (Software Defined Vehicular Network). Four contributions are developed. The first one specifies the architecture of a hybrid SDN vehicular network capable of meeting the challenges described above. This architecture is complemented by an SDN controller placement solution. We propose a dynamic approach capable of adjusting the optimal placement of controllers according to network topology changes due to road traffic fluctuations. This work also covers the problem of global network vision that an SDN controller can build up, which is a prerequisite and the cornerstone of any network control function. To this problem, we propose amendments and extensions to the "de facto" topology discovery service designed for wired networks to adapt it to the vehicular context. As a complement to the discovery service, we also propose a topology estimation service based on Machine Learning techniques to provide network control functions with a potential vision of the future state of the network and thus open them to proactive and intelligent network control

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26

Morais, Lincoln Luiz de. "CONTRAM : middleware voltado a interoperabilidade entre sistemas de gerenciamento de tráfego urbano e redes de controladores semafóricos sob os paradigmas de sistemas de transportes inteligentes". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/67850.

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Abstract (sommario):

Sistemas que utilizam tecnologias computacionais no tratamento de problemas relativos ao trânsito são classificados como ITS ou Intelligent Transportation System [FAR 97]. Esses sistemas buscam, através de sincronismo e eficiência no controle de sinais de tráfego, gerenciar o fluxo de veículos na malha viária minimizando o problema de congestionamento urbano e, consequentemente, problemas decorrentes desse congestionamento como um maior consumo de combustível, maior tempo de espera para veículos específicos como ambulâncias, bombeiros, polícia e transporte coletivo, e maiores índices de poluição ambiental, sonora e atmosférica, entre outros [FED 99A]. Atuando na coleta dos dados a serem tratados e processados por um Sistema de Gerenciamento de Tráfego Urbano ou SGTU, estão os dispositivos de controle de tráfego, como semáforos e sensores para detectar e quantificar o volume de veículos e seus respectivos controladores. Computacionalmente, são fatores relevantes a interoperabilidade entre esses dispositivos de controle e padronizações adotadas, de forma que um SGTU possa evoluir através da agregação de novas facilidades e recursos ou ainda desabilitar ou modificar os já existentes. Dada as características da administração pública e dos procedimentos de aquisição, são adquiridos controladores de diferentes fabricantes e modelos, dificultando a integração entre os mesmos em função de suas tecnologias proprietárias e da falta de uma política e esforço governamental em busca de padronizações para o setor, principalmente no que diz respeito à interoperabilidade. Recentemente iniciou-se uma mobilização para se estabelecer padrões voltados à área de transporte nos Estados Unidos [EUL 95], Japão [JAP 99] e Europa [KAR 99], através da participação dos órgãos que administram o tráfego urbano, dos fabricantes de sistemas de hardware e software, da comunidade acadêmica, dos órgãos de padronizações locais e das variadas instâncias da esfera governamental. Este trabalho apresenta o CONTRAM, modelo de um middleware que, tratando os controladores de dispositivos de controle tráfego instalados ao longo da malha viária baseado nos paradigmas de sistemas distribuídos, possa ser utilizado como interface entre estes e as aplicações computacionais de gerenciamento de tráfego, permitindo a integração de diferentes especificações em um único sistema. O seu escopo é atender às transações de consulta e configuração de valores dos dados utilizados para controlar, monitorar e gerenciar o tráfego de veículos, liberando um SGTU de conhecer detalhes técnicos envolvidos na comunicação com os controladores. O modelo baseia-se em uma arquitetura multicamadas, 4-tier, permitindo o gerenciamento de recursos de forma centralizada ou distribuída, neste último trocando dados através da internet, e integra-se aos sistemas legados e OO através do método black-box e chamada de objetos respectivamente. Foi projetado tendo em mente a utilização de padrões abertos da indústria da Informática e de Transportes, a interoperabilidade entre diferentes elementos tecnológicos voltados ao controle de tráfego e a expansibilidade segura de um SGTU. Para alcançar seu objetivo, faz uso de tecnologias baseadas em metadados e agentes SNMP.
Systems that use computational technologies in the handling of the traffic problems are classified as ITS or Intelligent Transportation System. These systems search through synchronism and efficiency in traffic signs control, to manage the stream of vehicles in the road network, minimizing the problem of urban congestion and, consequently, decurrent problems of this congestion as a major fuel consumption, major waiting time for specific vehicles as ambulances, firemen, policy and collective carrier and greaters indices of ambient pollution, sonorous and atmospheric, amongst others. Acting in the data collection to be treat and processed for a Urban Traffic Control System or UTCS, they are the traffic control devices, as traffic lights and sensors to detect and quantify the volume of vehicles and, its respective controllers. Computational, important factors are the interoperability among these control devices and standardizations adopted, allowing UTCS customize through the new easinesses and features aggregation or still disable or modify already the existing ones. Given the features of the public management and the acquisition procedures, different controllers models of different manufacturers are acquired, making it difficult the integration in function of its proprietary technologies and the lack of one politics and governmental effort in considering standardizations for the sector, mainly about interoperability. Recently was initiated a mobilization of standards establishing to the Transportation area in the United States, Japan and Europe, through the participation of the agencies that manage the urban traffic, hardware and software solutions providers, academic community, local standardizations agencies and the varied instances of the governmental sphere. This work presents the CONTRAM, a middleware model that, treating the traffic controllers installed in road networks based in distributed systems paradigms, can be used as interface between the computational applications of traffic management and the controllers of control devices, allowing the integration of different specifications in an only system. Its target is to take care of to get and set transactions on data values used to control, monitor and manage the vehicles traffic, liberating a UTCS to know technician details in the communication with the controllers. The model is based on multilayers architecture, 4-tier, allowing the resources management in centered or distributed form, in last one changing data through the Internet and it is combined to the legacies systems and OO through the black-box and object call method respectively. It was projected having in mind the use of open standards of the Transportation and Computer science industries , interoperability between different traffic control technological elements and the UTCS expansibility safe. To reach its objective, it makes use of metadata and SNMP agents technologies.

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Aubin, Sébastien. "Capteurs de position innovants : application aux Systèmes de Transport Intelligents dans le cadre d'un observatoire de trajectoires de véhicules". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00484751.

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Améliorer la sécurité routière passe par une meilleure compréhension des causes d'accidents. Il est nécessaire de développer des observatoires discrets pour étudier la manière de conduire de tous les automobilistes. Une partie de cette analyse implique l'utilisation de capteurs mesurant les trajectoires des véhicules sur une portion de route. Deux capteurs innovants ont été crées pour pallier au manque de capteurs suffisamment précis : le premier est un capteur à fibres optiques présentant une succession de réseaux de Bragg et le second, protégé par un brevet, est fondé sur une technologie résistive. Ils ont été soumis à une expérimentation sur une route départementale. Le capteur optique s'avère performant mais coûteux. Le deuxième n'est pas assez robuste mais présente des perspectives intéressantes.

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28

Riegelmayer, Wolfgang P. "IN - eine verteilte Service-Plattform mobiler Prozeßarchitekturen für verkehrstelematische Anwendungen". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1139155423192-85244.

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Der Paradigmenwechsel zur Entwicklungsmethodik innerhalb verteilter Kommunikationssysteme schlägt sich auch in der Telematik zum Anwendungspotential und Systemkomplexität nieder. Dies liefert eine neue Auffasung dessen, was den transparenten Datenkanal ausmacht.

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Bernardi, Ely. "Os sistemas de identificação veicular, em especial o reconhecimento automático de placas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-11052016-162646/.

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Assunto bastante abordado quando se trata de Sistemas Inteligentes de Transportes (ITS), a identificação veicular - utilizada em grande parte das aplicações de ITS deve ser entendida como um conjunto de recursos de hardware, software e telecomunicações, que interagem para atingir, do ponto de vista funcional, o objetivo de, conseguir extrair e transmitir, digitalmente, a identidade de um veículo. É feita tanto por sistemas que transmitem e recebem uma identidade digital quanto por sistemas que, instalados na infraestrutura da via, são capazes de reconhecer a placa dos veículos circulantes. Quando se trata da identificação automática por meio do reconhecimento da placa veicular, os estudos têm se concentrado sobremaneira nas tecnologias de processamento de imagens, não abordando - em sua maioria - uma visão sistêmica, necessária para compreender de maneira mais abrangente todas as variáveis que podem interferir na eficácia da identificação. Com o objetivo de contribuir para melhor entender e utilizar os sistemas de reconhecimento automático de placas veiculares, este trabalho propõe um modelo sistêmico, em camadas, para representar seus componentes. Associada a esse modelo, propõe uma classificação para os diversos tipos de falhas que podem prejudicar seu desempenho. Uma análise desenvolvida com resultados obtidos em testes realizados em campo com sistemas de identificação de placas voltados à fiscalização de veículos aponta resultados relevantes e limitações para obter correlações entre variáveis, em função dos diversos fatores que podem influenciar os resultados. Algumas entrevistas realizadas apontam os tipos de falhas que ocorrem com mais frequência durante a operação desses sistemas. Finalmente, este trabalho propõe futuros estudos e apresenta um glossário de termos, que poderá ser útil a novos pesquisadores.
The automatic vehicle identification is an important feature of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and is used in most ITS applications. The identification process is comprised of a group of interacting resources that involves hardware, software and telecommunication to, digitally, extract and transmit the identity of vehicles. At least two technologies may be used in the vehicle identification process: on-board devices transmitting a digital identity or systems installed on the road infrastructure, which identify and read the vehicle license plate. As far as vehicle license plate recognition is concerned, studies have been greatly focused on image processing technologies and have not addressed the problem in a systemic approach, which is very important for understanding all variables that can interfere with the effectiveness of identification. Having this approach in mind and intending to contribute for a better performance, this paper proposes a layer model representation of those systems as well as a failure type classification associated with it. An analysis, based on a significant set of results obtained from field tests of systems with plate recognition capabilities for law enforcement, shows important results as well as limitations to obtain mathematical correlation of variables. Interviews conducted with supply actors of such systems in Brazil point out the most significant sources of failures that occur during operation. Finally, the text presents potential topics for research and organizes a glossary of terms that may be useful to future researchers.

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Randriamasy, Malalatiana. "Localisation et transmissions sécurisées pour la communication Véhicule à Infrastructure (V2I) : Application au service de télépéage ITS-G5". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR011/document.

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La localisation précise des véhicules et la sécurité des échanges sont deux grands axes qui font la fiabilité des services fournis dans les systèmes de transport intelligent. Ces dernières années, elles font l’objet de nombreux projets de recherche pour des champs d’application divers. Dans cette thèse, le contexte d’application est la réalisation d’un service de télépéage utilisant la technologie ITS-G5. Cette technologie de communication sans-fil permet dans un premier temps le partage des informations de sécurité routière entre les véhicules (V2V), le véhicule et l’infrastructure (V2I). Dans cette thèse, on propose une architecture permettant d’échanger des transactions de télépéage utilisant les équipements communicants en ITS-G5 embarqués dans les véhicules connectés et les unités bord de route (UBR) de l’infrastructure. Les problématiques de nos travaux de recherche se concentrent sur la méthode de localisation des véhicules ayant effectué la transaction afin de pouvoir la valider et sur la sécurité de l’architecture proposée pour assurer l’échange de cette transaction. Afin de bien localiser les véhicules lors du passage au péage, notre approche propose la compréhension de la cinématique du véhicule par une modélisation adéquate à partir des données recueillies dans les messages coopératifs (CAM : Cooperative Awareness Message) en approche du péage. Cela améliorera les informations de géolocalisation déjà présentes. Notre objectif est d’arriver à une précision de moins d’un mètre pour distinguer 2 véhicules adjacents. D’autre part, le protocole de sécurité proposé permet d’assurer l’authentification des équipements participant à l’échange et à la validation de la transaction, l’intégrité des données échangées ainsi que la confidentialité des échanges compte tenu du contexte de communication sans-fil et de la sensibilité des données échangées. Une preuve de concept de la solution de télépéage utilisant la technologie ITS-G5 est développée et intègre nos deux contributions
The precise localization of vehicles and the security of communication are requirements that make almost of the services provided in intelligent transport systems (ITS) more reliable. In recent years, they have been the subject of numerous research projects for various fields of application. In this thesis, the context is the development of an electronic toll service using the ITS-G5 technology. This wireless communication technology initially allows the sharing of traffic safety information between vehicles (V2V), vehicle and infrastructure (V2I). In our work, we propose a tolling application using equipment operating in ITS-G5 embedded in the connected vehicles and roadside units. For this, ensuring both precise geolocation of the vehicles and security of communication are required to validate the transaction.In order to properly locate the vehicles during the toll crossing, our approach is based on the understanding of the kinematics of the vehicle through a suitable modeling from the data collected in the cooperative messages (called CAM: Cooperative Awareness Message). This approach aims to improve the geolocation information already present in the message. Our goal is to achieve vehicle localization with an accuracy lower than one meter to distinguish two adjacent vehicles. On the other hand, the proposed tolling protocol ensures the authentication of the equipment or entities involved in the exchange and the validation of the transaction, the integrity of the transmitted data as well as the confidentiality of the communication. In this way, we take into account the context of the wireless communication and the sensitivity of the exchanged data. Our two contributions are integrated in the implemented Proof of Concept of the tolling application using the ITS-G5 technology

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Riegelmayer, Wolfgang P. "IN - eine verteilte Service-Plattform mobiler Prozeßarchitekturen für verkehrstelematische Anwendungen". Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2003. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23620.

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Abstract (sommario):

Der Paradigmenwechsel zur Entwicklungsmethodik innerhalb verteilter Kommunikationssysteme schlägt sich auch in der Telematik zum Anwendungspotential und Systemkomplexität nieder. Dies liefert eine neue Auffasung dessen, was den transparenten Datenkanal ausmacht.

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Cattin, Johana. "Consideration of dynamic traffic conditions in the estimation of industrial vehicules energy consumption while integrating driving assistance strategies". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSET003/document.

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Le monde industriel, et en particulier l’industrie automobile, cherche à représenter au mieux le réel pour concevoir des outils et produits les plus adaptés aux enjeux et marchés actuels. Dans cette optique, le groupe Volvo a développé de puissants outils pour la simulation de la dynamique des véhicules industriels. Ces outils permettent notamment l’optimisation de composants véhicules ou de stratégies de contrôle. De nombreuses activités de recherche portent sur des technologies innovantes permettant de réduire la consommation des véhicules industriels et d’accroitre la sécurité de leurs usages dans différents environnements. En particulier, le développement des systèmes d’aide à la conduite automobile ITS et ADAS. Afin de pouvoir développer ces systèmes, un environnement de simulation permettant de prendre en compte les différents facteurs pouvant influencer la conduite d’un véhicule doit être mis en place. L’étude se concentre sur la simulation de l’environnement du véhicule et des interactions entre le véhicule et son environnement direct, i.e. le véhicule qui le précède. Les interactions entre le véhicule étudié et le véhicule qui le précède sont modélisées à l’aide de modèles mathématiques, nommés lois de poursuites. De nombreux modèles existent dans la littérature mais peu concernent le comportement des véhicules industriels. Une étude détaillée de ces modèles et des méthodes de calage est réalisée. L’environnement du véhicule peut être représenté par deux catégories de paramètres : statiques (intersections, nombre de voies…) et dynamiques (état du réseau). A partir d’une base de données de trajets usuels, ces paramètres sont calculés, puis utilisés pour générer de manière automatisée des scénarios de simulation réalistes
The industrial world, and in particular the automotive industry, is seeking to best represent the real world in order to design tools and products that are best adapted to current challenges and markets, by reducing development times and prototyping costs. With this in mind, the Volvo Group has developed powerful tools to simulate the dynamics of industrial vehicles. These tools allow the optimization of vehicle components or control strategies. Many research activities focus on innovative technologies to reduce the consumption of industrial vehicles and increase the safety of their use in different environments. Particularly, the development of ITS and ADAS is booming. In order to be able to develop these systems, a simulation environment must be set up to take into account the various factors that can influence the driving of a vehicle. The work focuses on simulating the vehicle environment and the interactions between the vehicle and its direct environment, i.e. the vehicle in front of it. The interactions between the vehicle under study and the vehicle in front of it are modelled using mathematical models, called car-following models. Many models exist in the literature, but few of them deals specifically with heavy duty vehicles. A specific focus on these models and their calibration is realized. The vehicle environment can be represented by two categories of parameters: static (intersections, number of lanes) and dynamic parameters (state of the network). From a database of usuals roads, these parameters are computed, then, they are used to automatically generate realist traffic simulation scenarios

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33

Rajbhandari, Bidur. "Modelling intelligent transport systems applications for public transport". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246885.

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Hadjidimitriou, Natalia <1979&gt. "Classification algorithms for Intelligent Transport Systems". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7107/.

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Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) consists in the application of ICT to transport to offer new and improved services to the mobility of people and freights. While using ITS, travellers produce large quantities of data that can be collected and analysed to study their behaviour and to provide information to decision makers and planners. The thesis proposes innovative deployments of classification algorithms for Intelligent Transport System with the aim to support the decisions on traffic rerouting, bus transport demand and behaviour of two wheelers vehicles. The first part of this work provides an overview and a classification of a selection of clustering algorithms that can be implemented for the analysis of ITS data. The first contribution of this thesis is an innovative use of the agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm to classify similar travels in terms of their origin and destination, together with the proposal for a methodology to analyse drivers’ route choice behaviour using GPS coordinates and optimal alternatives. The clusters of repetitive travels made by a sample of drivers are then analysed to compare observed route choices to the modelled alternatives. The results of the analysis show that drivers select routes that are more reliable but that are more expensive in terms of travel time. Successively, different types of users of a service that provides information on the real time arrivals of bus at stop are classified using Support Vector Machines. The results shows that the results of the classification of different types of bus transport users can be used to update or complement the census on bus transport flows. Finally, the problem of the classification of accidents made by two wheelers vehicles is presented together with possible future application of clustering methodologies aimed at identifying and classifying the different types of accidents.

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Luk, Yiu-wah Everett, e 陸耀華. "Potential applications of intelligent transport systems in urban freight transport". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29851397.

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Mbiydzenyuy, Gideon. "Quantitative Assessment of Intelligent Transport Systems for Road Freight Transport". Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00553.

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In this thesis, methods for using computer-based models as support tools for assessing Transport Telematic Services (TTSs) are studied. Such assessments provide one way to understand how TTSs can address problems caused by transportation, such as accidents, emissions, and energy consumption. TTSs are services based on telematic systems which are Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) involving the integrated use of information and communication technologies in transport. The focus is on TTSs that are relevant for road freight transport, even though the suggested methods can easily be adapted for TTSs in other areas. We characterize TTSs, e.g., in terms of their functionalities, and apply computer-based modeling for pre-deployment assessment of various TTSs (from an ex-ante perspective). By analyzing information provided by the suggested computer-based models, it is possible to make an informed decision whether to (or not to) deploy a given TTS. A review of previous studies reveals information about relevant TTSs for freight transport in areas such as driver support, administration, safety, traffic management, parking, and goods handling. A hierarchical clustering algorithm and a k-minimum spanning tree algorithm were employed to analyze synergies of TTSs. Synergies can enable identification of sets of TTSs that can lead to cost savings if deployed on a common platform (cf. Multi-Service Architectures). An analytical model inspired by the net present value concept is used to estimate quantified societal benefits of TTSs. An optimization model is formulated and solved using a branch and bound method to determine an optimal combination of TTSs taking into consideration societal benefits, costs, dependencies, and synergies. The optimization model also addresses possible system architectures for achieving multiple TTSs. Dominance rough set approach is used to assess and compare benefit areas for TTSs specific to truck parking. The benefit areas are suggested with the help of conceptual modeling, which describes functional models of a system in terms of states, transitions among states, and actions performed in states. The main scientific contributions of the thesis are in suggesting new quantitative models, extending and applying existing models in the assessments of TTSs, and obtaining results that can help decision-makers select TTSs for medium-to long-term investments. Researchers can employ and build on the proposed methods when addressing different scenarios (geographic or organizational) involving similar TTSs. By studying a range of TTSs and possible Multi-Service Architecture concepts for such TTSs, the thesis contributes to achieving convergence of TTSs in a Multi-Service Architecture environment that will improve cost efficiency, minimize redundancies, and encourage the establishment of standards in the deployment of TTSs in road freight transport. TTSs implemented in such an environment can contribute to optimizing available capacity, accuracy, speed, and efficiency of road freight transport systems.

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Cunha, Joana Nicolini. "Metodologia de geração dinâmica de padrões de viagens rodoviárias para monitoramentos inteligentes de veículos de carga em sistemas AVL". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-05102009-163000/.

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A presente dissertação traz a questão da aderência de viagens de veículos em monitoramentos inteligentes com sistemas Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) que operam em rotas rodoviárias. Uma viagem é considerada como uma série de \"passadas\", que correspondem ao tempo em que o veículo está em movimento, mas excluindo os tempos gastos em paradas para atividades como carregamento/descarregamento entre outras. A partir de dados históricos coletados via Global Positioning System (GPS) pelo sistema AVL, uma metodologia de filtragem e aplicações estatísticas para geração das passadas é apresentada. Além disso, são propostos métodos para geração de padrões de viagem de referência, baseados em tempos de viagem e velocidades, desvios padrões, locais de descontinuidades entre outros parâmetros. A geração desses padrões em conjunto com procedimentos operacionais permite o monitoramento eficiente do progresso de viagens de frotas de veículos, para finalidades logísticas e de segurança. O progresso de um veículo ao longo de uma rota é analisado diante dos padrões de viagem de referência obtidos a partir de suas viagens prévias, de veículos similares na mesma rota ou de viagens em rotas de mesma classe, dependendo do que for mais adequado. A geração de padrões é um processo dinâmico que gera conhecimento sobre o veículo e comportamento da rodovia ao longo do tempo. Desenho do processo de monitoramento do progresso de viagem é apresentado, no qual, a cada nova coleta de dado GPS ou a cada instante solicitado pelo usuário, a aderência é medida, eventuais descontinuidades (saídas da rota, paradas ou mudança de sentido) são identificadas e avisos são gerados. Tal aderência é definida por índice de desempenho que considera os desvios de tempo em relação a valores de referência e respectivas tolerâncias. Para experimentação da metodologia, foi realizada simulação de viagem na rodovia BR116 na ligação São Paulo - Rio de Janeiro, sobre base com cerca de 130.000 registros de dados GPS associados. Com integração em Geographic Information System (GIS) para suporte de funcionalidades, foram gerados os padrões de viagem e simulado o processo de monitoramento com sucesso.
This dissertation addresses the question of vehicle travel adherence in intelligent monitoring with Automatic Transportation Location (AVL) operating in a regional environment. A trip is considered as series of runs, corresponding to time in movement but excluding time spent on activities such as loading/unloading and others. Based on historic data collected from AVL/GPS a statistical data filtering method to generate the runs is presented. Furthermore, statistical methods are proposed to generate travel patterns based on travel time, speed, standard deviation and other parameters. The pattern generation together with operational procedures allows effective monitoring of large fleets in logistics and safety. The progress of a vehicle along a route is evaluated face to the statistical patterns of its previous successful trips or against statistical patterns of similar vehicles on the same route, whichever appropriate. The generation of patterns is a dynamic continuous process that generates knowledge on vehicle and road behavior along time. A broad outline of the travel monitoring process is presented. Whenever the requested by user, the process calculates the travel adherence, identifies abnormalities and generates alarms. That adherence is defined by a performance index, which considers the travel time deviations from the reference values and the respective tolerances. Successful experimentation was carried out on the Rio de Janeiro - São Paulo motorway, with 130.000 Global Positioning System (GPS) positional data relayed from trucks to a Geographic Information System (GIS) based monitoring system in Brazil.

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Bergh, Fredrik, e Johan Andersson. "Channel measurement and communication module for the Grand Cooperative Driving Challenge". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för Informationsvetenskap, Data– och Elektroteknik (IDE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15329.

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Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a hot topic in the intelligent transport system (ITS) area. The introduction of wireless communications between vehicles will enable many useful applications to enhance road traffic safety as well to increase efficiency. The standardization of IEEE 802.11p, being an amendment to IEEE 802.11 intended for VANETS, faces many challenges. In Europe a 30 MHz spectrum at 5.9 GHz have been dedicated for ITS and this spectrum has to be used to its full potential. For this reason this thesis compares a 20 MHz wide frequency channel with a 10 MHz wide through measurements using 802.11p hardware. The measurements were conducted on a highway with relative speeds of up to 240 km/h. The results from these initial measurements show that a 20 MHz channel does not perform worse than a 10 MHz channel despite the high relative speeds and large metal signs scattering the signals. What enabled this thesis to do the measurements was Halmstad University‟s participation in the Grand Cooperative Driving Challenge (GCDC) 2011. In GCDC nine teams mostly from Europe competed in having the vehicle that had the best behaviour in a platoon of vehicles using cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC), the CACC algorithm controlled the vehicles‟ acceleration and breaking autonomously based on in-vehicle sensors and communicated messages between the vehicles in the platoon using 802.11p. This thesis implemented the communication part of Halmstad University‟s vehicle. The challenge was held in Helmond, Holland, May 14-15, 2011. Halmstad University‟s team finished in second place.
CoAct

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Le, Ahn Tuan. "Intelligent Control of Vehicle-Based Internal Transport Systems". [Rotterdam]: Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), Erasmus University Rotterdam ; Rotterdam : Erasmus University Rotterdam [Host], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/6554.

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Krimmling, Jürgen, e Martin Lehnert. "Aspekte der Verkehrstelematik – ausgewählte Veröffentlichungen 2012". TUDpress, 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33905.

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Die Verkehrstelematik, im Englischen als Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) bezeichnet, kann durch die Verbindung von Telekommunikation, Informatik und Automatisierung wesentlich zur Sicherung der Mobilität beitragen. Dabei kann durch Erfassen, Übermitteln, Verarbeiten und Darstellen von Verkehrsdaten in Telematiksystemen der Verkehr prognostiziert, gesteuert, gelenkt, geleitet und organisiert werden. An der Fakultät Verkehrswissenschaften „Friedrich List“ der TU Dresden beschäftigt sich das Institut für Verkehrstelematik mit verkehrstelematischen Fragestellungen und Anwendungen. An der Professur für Verkehrsleitsysteme und -prozessautomatisierung stehen dabei Lehre und Forschung in den Themengebieten Verkehrs- und Betriebsleitsysteme, Verkehrssteuerungstechnik, Verkehrsprozessautomatisierung und Verkehrsmanagement sowohl des schienengebundenen als auch des straßengebundenen Verkehrs im Vordergrund. Um aktuelle Forschungs- und Entwicklungsergebnisse einem breiten Fachpublikum verfügbar zu gestalten, veröffentlicht die Professur mit der Schriftenreihe „Verkehrstelematik“ in loser Folge interessante Forschungsthemen und Beitrage aus ihrem unmittelbaren Wirkungsfeld, der Verkehrstelematik allgemein und darüber hinaus auch Beitrage zu interdisziplinär aufgestellten Fragestellungen. Damit verbunden ist die Hoffnung, dass die aktuellen Forschungsergebnisse in die Praxis einfließen und dabei helfen, den Verkehr flüssiger, ressourcenschonender und effizienter zu gestalten.
Traffic telematics and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) can significantly contribute to securing mobility by combining telecommunications, information technology and automation. By capturing, transmitting, processing and displaying traffic data in traffic emblematic systems, the traffic can be predicted, controlled, directed, managed and organized. The Institute of Transport Telematics at the Faculty of Traffic Sciences 'Friedrich List' of the Technische Universität Dresden (TUD) deals with traffic telematics issues and applications. Teaching and research in the fields of traffic guidance and operation control systems, traffic control technology, process automation and traffic management of both rail-bound and road-bound traffic are in the focus of the Chair of Traffic Control and Process Automation. In order to make current research and development results available to a broad professional audience, the professorship publishes interesting research topics and contributions from their immediate field of action, namely traffic telematics in general, and also contributions to interdisciplinary issues with the series 'Verkehrstelematik'. Linked to this is the hope that current research findings will be put into practice and help to make traffic smoother, Eco-friendly and more efficient.

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Tsukada, Manabu. "Communications Management in Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems". Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0092.

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Les systèmes de transport intelligents (STI) coopératifs sont des systèmes ou les véhicules, l'infrastructure routière, les centres de contrôle de trafic et d'autres entités échangent des informations afin d'assurer une meilleure sécurité routière, l'efficacité du trafic et le confort des usagers de la route. C'est dans ce but que l'architecture de station STI a été spécifié par l'ISO et l'ETSI. Le concept de cette architecture de référence permet aux stations STI-véhicules et stations STI-infrastructures de s'organiser dans un réseau véhiculaire adhoc (VANET), tout en utilisant des protocoles de communication tels qu'GeoNetworking IP v6 et IEEE802. 11p ainsi que toute autre technologie d'accès afin de se connecter de manière transparente à internet. Plusieurs chemins peuvent donc être accessibles à une station STI véhicule pour communiquer avec d'autres stations STI. Les chemins sont de trois types: le chemin direct, le chemin optimisé, et le chemin d'ancré. L'objectif de cette étude est d'optimiser la communication entre stations STI en sélectionnant le meilleur chemin de communication disponible. . Cela exige d'abord de recueillir les informations disponibles localement dans la station STI (la position, la vitesse, les exigences des applications, les caractéristiques des supports de communication, les capacités , l'état du chemin), ainsi que les informations des stations STI voisines (position, vitesse, services, etc. . ). Ces informations sont ensuite traitées par le biais d'un algorithme de prise de décision. Premièrement, nous définissons un module réseau qui permet la combinaison d'IPv6 avec le Geo Networking. Deuxièmement, nous proposons un module de gestion inter-couche pour la sélection du meilleur chemin. Nos contributions s'intègrent dans l'architecture de station STI par la définition de la relation entre la couche réseau et transport (qui héberge la contribution Geonetworking IPv6) et l'entité verticale de gestion inter-couche (qui accueille l'algorythme de décision pour la sélection de chemin). Nous avons spécifié les fonctions permettant l'échange de paramétres par l'intermédiaire de la SAP (Service Acess Point) entre la couche réseau et l'entité de gestion (MN-SAP). Les paramètres utilisés dans l'entité de gestion inter-couche sont extraits d'une manière agnostique par rapport aux protocoles de la couche réseau et transport, ce qui permet de remplacer facilement les éléments d'une couche sans affecter les autres (par exemple, remplacer NEMO par une autre protocole de mobilité) et de permuter plusieurs piles réseau (on peut choisir d'utiliser la pile par une autre protocole de mobilité) et de permuter plusieurs piles réseau (on peut choisir d'utiliser la pile IPv6 ou bien la pile GeoNetworking, ou encore une combinaison des deux à la fois ou même une autre pile
Cooperative Intelligent transportation Systems (Cooperative ITS) are the systems where multiple entities share information and tasks to achieve the ITS objectives (i. E. Road safety, traffic efficiency and comfort). Today, ITS Station architecture is being specified in ISO and ETSI as a result of discussion and consensus of the researchers and developers in ITS domain. In the architecture, ITS Stations are essential entities, that are distributed in vehicles, roadside infrastructure, centers and mobiles, to achieve the ITS objectives. The vehicle and roadside ITS Stations organize Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) to adapt multi-hop and highly dynamic network topology. GeoNetworking is a great candidate for VANET because the geographic routing shows strength in dynamic topology. In addition to VANET, the ITS Station equips multiple wireless network interfaces and connects to networks with multiple paths, which is called multihoming. The objective of the study is to optimize the communication between ITS Stations by improved decision-making algorithm using inter-component information exchange in IP-based cooperative ITS. First, we develop IPv6 GeoNetworking to take the advantages of both IP and GeoNetworking. Seconds, we propose a cross-layer based path selection management by extending a Service Access Point (SAP) between the network layer and the management entity specified in the ITS Station Architecture. The extended SAP is designed as most abstracted as possible to adapt to the future development of the ITS Station architecture. The proposed system is designed and implemented as a prototype. The prototype implementation is evaluated in both ideal and realistic scenarios using up to four vehicles. The network performance measurement is processed, visualized and analyzed with web-based tools

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Fang, Hsiao-jung Belinda. "The environmental economic & social implications of the intelligent transport system in Hong Kong". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42576593.

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Kim, Dong Won. "Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Multilevel Policy Network". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28087.

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This dissertation is a descriptive study of a policy network designed for U.S. government and global cooperation to promote Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). It is aimed at exploring the historical and structural features of the ITS policy network, and evaluating its roles in the policy process. Until now, the network literature has barely examined the full arrays of networks, catching just part of their full pictures. First, this study draws attention to transnational networks and their organic or systematic relationships with lower levels of networks. Second, it examines the individual properties and synergy of three core elements of the ITS policy network: public-private partnerships, professional networks, and intergovernmental networks. Third, it takes a close look at the pattern of stability change and power relations of the policy network from within the net. Finally, this study discusses what difference networks make, compared to hierarchies and markets. This dissertation employed multiple sources of evidence: unstandardized elite interviews, government documents, and archival records. Through a networking strategy to find the best experts, face-to-face, telephone, and e-mail interviews were conducted with twenty-two public officials and ITS professionals. It was found that the U.S. ITS policy network was a well-designed strategic governance structure at the planning level, but an experimental learning-focused one at the implementation level. It was initially designed by a new, timely, cross-sectional coalition, which brought together field leaders from both the public and the private sectors under the slogan of global competitiveness. Yet, day-to-day managers within the net often experience much more complex power relationships and internal dynamics as well as legal obstacles; also, they confront external uncertainty in political support and market. For better results, policy networks should be designed in flexible ways that will handle their disadvantages such as ambiguous roles, exclusiveness, and increased staff time. In this respect, it is inevitable for the networks to include some components of a wide range of conventional structures, ranging from highly bureaucratic to highly entrepreneurial, on the one hand, and ranging between issue networks (grounded in American pluralism) and policy communities (based on European corporatism), on the other hand.
Ph. D.

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Sandstad, Eivind. "Building Intelligent Transport Systems with Reactive Blocks and OSGi". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for telematikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26078.

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Traffic systems are the cause of both significant carbon emissions andinjuries in our world today. In an effort to better the traffic systems,a large amount of work is being put into making them intelligent. Byincreased information sharing and decision-making based on better data,intelligent traffic systems (ITS) hope to increase efficiency and safety onthe roads. Making ITS can be quite complex as the systems are alreadycomplex and large, it is therefore important to make the developmentand quality of ITS as good as possible.This thesis aims to find out whether Reactive Blocks and OSGi, amodelling based tool and a component system run in Java, is the rightplatform on which to build an ITS, specifically in the Norwegian trafficsystem environment. Simply put, the question the thesis aims to answeris: To what degree is Reactive Blocks and OSGi a good platform for ITSdevelopment?To answer the aforementioned question, a literature study has beenconducted, as well as making and testing a prototype application. Fromthe results of the literature study and the prototype a theoretical evaluationof the platform has been made.The results indicate that Reactive Blocks and OSGi is a very goodfit to the platform of ITS. It is in all likelihood a right choice whendeveloping ITS. It has beneficial features that the competition lacks, thatmake up for its respective drawbacks.Based on the results, Reactive Blocks and OSGi is recommended fordeveloping ITSs.

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Pingfang, Zheng, Zhang Qishan e Cheng Lee Lung. "VEHICLE NAVIGATION & LOCATION SYSTEM BASED ON DGPS/INS/GIS INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGY". International Foundation for Telemetering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607350.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California
With the rapid development of intelligent transport system in the world during the past few years, it promotes some navigation & location technology to a wide application especially in the car application. This paper firstly introduces some kinds of navigation & location systems and then analyzes the advantage and disadvantage of each system. On the basis of integrating every system and considering the high accuracy which can be achieved by adopting the technology based on DGPS (Differential Global Position System) at present, vehicle navigation & location system based on DGPS/INS/GIS integrated technology is put forward. The propound of this system shortens the distance between academic plan and real application greatly, and it provides a high accuracy and high reliability navigation & location system for traffic department and some car manufacturing Inc. In addition, this system is also provided with a friendly interface that makes it very easy to the manipulator or the user. The emphasis of this paper is put on the hardware and software of this system through introducing the system performance, the system component and the system software, and the characteristic of each module that makes up the whole system. The propound of the vehicle navigation & location system based on DGPS/INS/GIS integrated technology is a new attempt for development of intelligent transport system in our country, it will be sure to accelerate the process of our intelligent transport system.

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Cruickshanks, Scott. "Will privacy barriers limit the uptake of intelligent transport systems?" Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/368723/.

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Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) have the potential to increase road-network capacities, reduce congestion and pollution, create shorter and more predictable journey times and significantly improve road-user safety. However, these technologies will also have the ability to track a citizen’s every move, extracting information about their daily lives. This data could range from information about the user’s driving style, to exactly where their vehicle was at any given time in its lifetime, right down to the radio station the driver listens to. It has been argued that privacy invasions caused by ITS will have a damaging effect on society, creating a ‘Big Brother’ or panopticon state. For these fears to be fulfilled, it needs to be the case that future users are not only concerned about the privacy impacts of ITS, but that the ITS will actually cause users to change their travel behaviour. This research examines the results of both a survey of 993 people across four culturally diverse European countries (the UK, Greece, Austria and the Netherlands). The survey primarily seeks to interrogate the factors influencing a future ITS user’s privacy concerns, their stated behavioural intention and their actual privacy behaviour. The results of this research show that privacy concerns could play a significant role in limiting the voluntary uptake rate of the technology. While this may not be critical to the success of all future ITS, future ITS which require high penetration rates to be successful will definitely need to consider the privacy aspects of their system. This research also indicates that when a future ITS user is required to decide whether to disclose their personal information, they will be influenced significantly more by their demographics and the potential risks associated with disclosing the information than the rewards that are on offer. This means that ITS developers should attempt to use less sensitive data where possible, consider using a more trusted organisation to collect and store the required information and also consider the user’s perception on how secure a transfer method is.

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Choi, S. K. "Towards intelligent transport systems : geospatial ontological framework and agent simulation". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1553201/.

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In an Intelligent Transport System (ITS) environment, the communication component is of high significance as it supports interactions between vehicles and the roadside infrastructure. Existing studies focus on the physical capability and capacity of the communication technologies, but the equally important development of suitable and efficient semantic content for transmission has received notably less attention. Using an ontology is one promising approach for context modelling in ubiquitous computing environments. In the transport domain, an ontology can be used both for context modelling and semantic contents for vehicular communications. This research explores the development of an ontological framework implementing a geosemantic messaging model to support vehicle-to-vehicle communications. To develop an ontology model, two scenarios (an ambulance situation and a breakdown on the motorway) are constructed to describe specific situations using short-range communication in an ITS environment. In the scenarios, spatiotemporal relations and semantic relations among vehicles and road facilities are extracted and defined as classes, objects, and properties/relations in the ontology model. For the ontology model, some functions and query templates are also developed to update vehicles’ movements and to provide some logical procedures that vehicles need to follow in emergency situations. To measure the effects of the vehicular communication based on the ontology model, an agent-based approach is adopted to dynamically simulate the moving vehicles and their communications following the scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate that the ontology model can support vehicular communications to update each vehicle’s context model and assist its decision-making process to resolve the emergency situations. The results also show the effect of vehicular communications on the efficiency trends of traffic in emergency situations, where some vehicles have a communication device, and others do not. The efficiency trends, based on the percentage of vehicles having a communication device, can be useful to set a transition period plan for implanting communication devices onto vehicles and the infrastructure. The geospatial ontological framework and agent simulation may contribute to increase the intelligence of ITS by supporting data-level and application-level implementation of autonomous vehicle agents to share knowledge in local contexts. This work can be easily extended to support more complex interactions amongst vehicles and the infrastructure.

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Cottman, Nicholas James. "Modelling the impacts of intelligent transport systems using microscopic traffic simulation /". [St. Lucia. Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17339.pdf.

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Yao, W. "Applying public private partnerships to the provision of intelligent transport systems". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348213/.

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As an integrated transport solution, ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) produce direct benefits for the traveller and operator and bring indirect benefits for society as a whole. Nevertheless, insufficient ITS funding holds back ITS development. PPP (Public Private Partnerships) offers an alternative financing channel, which can be advantageous for both public and private parties. Due to the characteristics of ITS, it can be difficult to attract the private sector to invest in some ITS projects where there is a fluctuating profit stream or where the profits cannot cover the investment. In addition, due to the existence of asymmetric information, it is possible for the private company to abuse his/her advantage in information over the public authority to seek excessive private gains. The aim of this research is to develop an incentive mechanism for a PPP contract for the provision of ITS, not only to motivate the private company to enter ITS markets but also to reduce the impact of asymmetric information between the two parties. The benefits and risks to both parties of entering into a contract for ITS provision are revealed in the World Bank and USDOT (United States Department of Transport) databases. ITS costs, potential funding sources, and the economic aspects of ITS are examined. The variety and interdependency of ITS cost components imply that it is possible for the private company to reduce costs under an appropriate incentive mechanism. Additional profit streams can diversify ITS funding sources and make it possible for otherwise low profit or non profit ITS systems to be provided without using government subsidy or an increase road user tolls. In this thesis, an investigation is conducted of ITS provision through PPPs in China, to investigate how they are used in the Chinese road sector and the bottlenecks in ITS development. There are two case studies to show how government regulation is used to encourage ITS provision through user payment and through subsidy. These findings provide a useful reference point for other areas of the world and are especially relevant to developing countries. A comprehensive evaluation framework is developed in this thesis to assess the ITS benefits to the travellers and the wider benefits to the community. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate these methods. In case study One, an SP survey of 1,357 motorway users was conducted in 2007, which examines travellers’willingness to pay for three distinct ITS systems on the Shanghai motorway network. In case study Two, using both AHP and REGIME models, an evaluation of the degree of traffic impact of these three ITS systems is presented. Their relative importance in Shanghai ITS motorway management is then established. This research leads to the development of a theoretical model which incorporates suitable incentive mechanisms for ITS provision through PPPs, on the basis that both parties expect value for money. Complexity has been increased in this model by introducing a subsidy and a shadow cost of subsidy variable, which has not been used in the previous literature. The relationship between subsidy and the efficiency level of the private sector is discussed under conditions of information asymmetry and symmetry. The model shows that it is possible for the private company to maximize the benefits of both the public authority and private company under two constraints, namely Individual Rationality (IR) and Incentive Compatibility (IC). Two working examples sourced from the case studies of two different ITS systems are used to calculate the potential profit and risk costs, first under a flexible payment scheme and then how this simplified by the use of an ITS incentive model. These examples strengthen the argument for the use of incentive models and contribute to ITS project profit control, which is the key for a successful ITS project through PPP.

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Van, der Heijden Rens Wouter [Verfasser]. "Misbehavior detection in cooperative intelligent transport systems / Rens Wouter Van der Heijden". Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2018. http://d-nb.info/117425193X/34.

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