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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Intra-species transmission"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 19 febbraio 2022

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1

Roach, Shanley N., and Ryan A. Langlois. "Intra- and Cross-Species Transmission of Astroviruses." Viruses 13, no. 6 (June 11, 2021): 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061127.

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Astroviruses are non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses that infect mammalian and avian species. In humans, astrovirus infections are one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis in children. Infection has also been linked to serious neurological complications, especially in immunocompromised individuals. More extensive disease has also been characterized in non-human mammalian and avian species. To date, astroviruses have been detected in over 80 different avian and mammalian hosts. As the number of hosts continues to rise, the need to understand how astroviruses transmit within a giv

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Singsit, C., and R. E. Veilleux. "Intra- and interspecific transmission of androgenetic competence in diploid potato species." Euphytica 43, no. 1-2 (September 1989): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00037902.

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Tabachnick, Walter. "Nature, Nurture and Evolution of Intra-Species Variation in Mosquito Arbovirus Transmission Competence." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10, no. 1 (January 11, 2013): 249–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10010249.

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Borucki, Monica K., Haiyin Chen-Harris, Victoria Lao, Gilda Vanier, Debra A. Wadford, Sharon Messenger, and Jonathan E. Allen. "Ultra-Deep Sequencing of Intra-host Rabies Virus Populations during Cross-species Transmission." PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 7, no. 11 (November 21, 2013): e2555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002555.

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Gutiérrez-López, Rafael, Josué Martínez-de la Puente, Laura Gangoso, Ramón Soriguer, and Jordi Figuerola. "Plasmodium transmission differs between mosquito species and parasite lineages." Parasitology 147, no. 4 (January 22, 2020): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182020000062.

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AbstractFactors such as the particular combination of parasite–mosquito species, their co-evolutionary history and the host's parasite load greatly affect parasite transmission. However, the importance of these factors in the epidemiology of mosquito-borne parasites, such as avian malaria parasites, is largely unknown. Here, we assessed the competence of two mosquito species [Culex pipiens and Aedes (Ochlerotatus) caspius], for the transmission of four avian Plasmodium lineages (Plasmodium relictum SGS1 and GRW11 and Plasmodium cathemerium-related lineages COLL1 and PADOM01) naturally infectin

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Bonnaud, Emilie M., Cécile Troupin, Laurent Dacheux, Edward C. Holmes, Elodie Monchatre-Leroy, Marion Tanguy, Christiane Bouchier, Florence Cliquet, Jacques Barrat, and Hervé Bourhy. "Comparison of intra- and inter-host genetic diversity in rabies virus during experimental cross-species transmission." PLOS Pathogens 15, no. 6 (June 20, 2019): e1007799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007799.

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Mendez, Armando D., and Nathaniel J. Hall. "Evaluating and re-evaluating intra- and inter-species social transmission of food preferences in domestic dogs." Behavioural Processes 191 (October 2021): 104471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104471.

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Ayanlade, Ayansina, Nathaniel Olugbade Adeoye, and Oyekanmi Babatimehin. "Intra-annual climate variability and malaria transmission in Nigeria." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 21, no. 21 (September 1, 2013): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2013-0016.

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Abstract This study develops an integrated innovation for malaria early warning systems (MEWS), based on vulnerability monitoring, seasonal climate variability data, and epidemiologic surveillance. The main aim of the study is to examine the relationship between intra-annual climate variability and malaria transmission in Nigeria. For this study, climatic conditions considered suitable for the development of the malaria parasite and its transmission through the mosquito stage of its life cycle are temperatures within the range from 18°C to 32°C. Below 18°C the parasite development decreases si

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9

Katsiani, Asimina, Varvara Maliogka, Nikolaos Katis, Laurence Svanella-Dumas, Antonio Olmos, Ana Ruiz-García, Armelle Marais, et al. "High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals Further Diversity of Little Cherry Virus 1 with Implications for Diagnostics." Viruses 10, no. 7 (July 21, 2018): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10070385.

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Little cherry virus 1 (LChV1, Velarivirus, Closteroviridae) is a widespread pathogen of sweet or sour cherry and other Prunus species, which exhibits high genetic diversity and lacks a putative efficient transmission vector. Thus far, four distinct phylogenetic clusters of LChV1 have been described, including isolates from different Prunus species. The recent application of high throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies in fruit tree virology has facilitated the acquisition of new viral genomes and the study of virus diversity. In the present work, several new LChV1 isolates from different coun

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10

Stack, J. Conrad, Pablo R. Murcia, Bryan T. Grenfell, James L. N. Wood, and Edward C. Holmes. "Inferring the inter-host transmission of influenza A virus using patterns of intra-host genetic variation." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1750 (January 7, 2013): 20122173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2173.

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Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause acute, highly transmissible infections in a wide range of animal species. Understanding how these viruses are transmitted within and between susceptible host populations is critical to the development of effective control strategies. While viral gene sequences have been used to make inferences about IAV transmission dynamics at the epidemiological scale, their utility in accurately determining patterns of inter-host transmission in the short-term—i.e. who infected whom—has not been strongly established. Herein, we use intra-host sequence data from the viral HA1

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RENWICK, A. R., P. C. L. WHITE, and R. G. BENGIS. "Bovine tuberculosis in southern African wildlife: a multi-species host–pathogen system." Epidemiology and Infection 135, no. 4 (September 7, 2006): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268806007205.

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SUMMARYThis review examines the current situation of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in southern African savannah systems, and uses theory on multi-species host–pathogen systems to suggest possible options for future research and management. In southern Africa, the buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and the Kafue lechwe [Marsh antelope] (Kobus leche) have been found to be maintenance hosts for this disease, but the importance of other host species is becoming apparent. The role of other host species in the maintenance and spread of the disease varies, depending on the spatial distribution and resource utiliz

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Bonfante, Francesco, Livia Victoria Patrono, Roberta Aiello, Maria Serena Beato, Calogero Terregino, and Ilaria Capua. "Susceptibility and intra-species transmission of the H9N2 G1 prototype lineage virus in Japanese quail and turkeys." Veterinary Microbiology 165, no. 1-2 (July 2013): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.03.014.

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Ledeneva, M. L., A. S. Vodopianov, G. A. Tkachenko, S. O. Vodopianov, S. S. Savchenko, and I. M. Shpak. "DETECTION OF INDEL-MARKERS IN GENOMES OF BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI STRAINS FOR INTRA-SPECIES GENOTYPING." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, no. 4 (August 28, 2017): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2017-4-35-41.

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Aim. Search for potential INDEL-markers in genomes of Burkholderia pseudomallei strains, as well as evaluation of the possibility of their use for intra-species genotyping. Materials and methods. Full-genome sequences of 25 В. pseudomallei strains with known geographic regions of isolation from GenBank database were studied. INDEL-marker search was carried out using authors’ program Gene Expert. Cluster analysis was carried out using genetic distance by R. Sokal and C. Michener and neighbor joining method. Results. 11 INDEL-markers were detected that allowed to split the studied strains into 1

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SMITH, L. A., G. MARION, D. L. SWAIN, P. C. L. WHITE, and M. R. HUTCHINGS. "Inter- and intra-specific exposure to parasites and pathogens via the faecal–oral route: a consequence of behaviour in a patchy environment." Epidemiology and Infection 137, no. 5 (September 24, 2008): 630–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268808001313.

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SUMMARYLivestock herbivores are at risk of inter- and intra-specific exposure to parasites/pathogens via the faecal–oral route during grazing. Each contact between livestock and faeces in the environment is a potential parasite/pathogen transmission event. Cattle grazing contact with faeces varies in relation to the species depositing the faeces and the distribution of the faeces. We used a foraging model to simulate the grazing behaviour of beef cattle in two grazing systems to compare the relative inter-specific and intra-specific exposure risks to parasites/pathogens. Overall, there is a gr

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Gzyl, Anna, Ewa Augustynowicz, Ewa Mosiej, Monika Zawadka, Grzegorz Gniadek, Aneta Nowaczek, and Janusz Slusarczyk. "Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) versus randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) as new tools for inter- and intra-species differentiation within Bordetella." Journal of Medical Microbiology 54, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.45690-0.

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Automated amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques with fluorescently labelled primers were used to track differences among isolates of the eight known species of the Bordetella genus. Eighty-one representative strains of these species from international and Polish bacterial collections were genotyped according to RAPD protocols using primer 1254 or 1247, and AFLP involving EcoRI/MseI or newly designed SpeI/ApaI restriction/ligation/amplification procedures. By comparing AFLP and RAPD data, it was concluded that the discriminatory p

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Hlokwe, T. M., P. van Helden, and A. L. Michel. "Evidence of increasing intra and inter-species transmission of Mycobacterium bovis in South Africa: Are we losing the battle?" Preventive Veterinary Medicine 115, no. 1-2 (July 2014): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.03.011.

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Mayer, L. W. "Use of plasmid profiles in epidemiologic surveillance of disease outbreaks and in tracing the transmission of antibiotic resistance." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1, no. 2 (April 1988): 228–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.1.2.228.

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Plasmids are circular deoxyribonucleic acid molecules that exist in bacteria, usually independent of the chromosome. The study of plasmids is important to medical microbiology because plasmids can encode genes for antibiotic resistance or virulence factors. Plasmids can also serve as markers of various bacterial strains when a typing system referred to as plasmid profiling, or plasmid fingerprinting is used. In these methods partially purified plasma deoxyribonucleic acid species are separated according to molecular size by agarose gel electrophoresis. In a second procedure, plasmid deoxyribon

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Lequime, Sebastian, Jean-Sébastien Dehecq, Séverine Matheus, Franck de Laval, Lionel Almeras, Sébastien Briolant, and Albin Fontaine. "Modeling intra-mosquito dynamics of Zika virus and its dose-dependence confirms the low epidemic potential of Aedes albopictus." PLOS Pathogens 16, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): e1009068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009068.

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Originating from African forests, Zika virus (ZIKV) has now emerged worldwide in urbanized areas, mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Although Aedes albopictus can transmit ZIKV experimentally and was suspected to be a ZIKV vector in Central Africa, the potential of this species to sustain virus transmission was yet to be uncovered until the end of 2019, when several autochthonous transmissions of the virus vectored by Ae. albopictus occurred in France. Aside from these few locally acquired ZIKV infections, most territories colonized by Ae. albopictus have been spared so far. The r

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Deheyn, Dimitri D., and Nerida G. Wilson. "Bioluminescent signals spatially amplified by wavelength-specific diffusion through the shell of a marine snail." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1715 (December 15, 2010): 2112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2203.

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Some living organisms produce visible light (bioluminescence) for intra- or interspecific visual communication. Here, we describe a remarkable bioluminescent adaptation in the marine snail Hinea brasiliana . This species produces a luminous display in response to mechanical stimulation caused by encounters with other motile organisms. The light is produced from discrete areas on the snail's body beneath the snail's shell, and must thus overcome this structural barrier to be viewed by an external receiver. The diffusion and transmission efficiency of the shell is greater than a commercial diffu

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Pattanawong, Urassaya, Chaturong Putaporntip, Azumi Kakino, Naoko Yoshida, Seiki Kobayashi, Surasuk Yanmanee, Somchai Jongwutiwes, and Hiroshi Tachibana. "Analysis of D-A locus of tRNA-linked short tandem repeats reveals transmission of Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar among students in the Thai-Myanmar border region of northwest Thailand." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): e0009188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009188.

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Intestinal parasitic infections, including those caused by Entamoeba species, are a persistent problem in rural areas of Thailand. The aims of this study were to identify pathogenic Entamoeba species and to analyze their genotypic diversity. Stool samples were collected from 1,233 students of three schools located in the Thai-Myanmar border region of Tak Province, Thailand. The prevalence of Entamoeba infection was measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using species-specific primers. Thirty-one (2.5%) positive cases were detected for E. histolytica, 55 (4.5%) for E. dispar, and 271 (22.0

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de Araújo, Walter Santos, Thallyta Maria Vieira, Guilherme Antunes de Souza, Isaque Clementino Bezerra, Paulo Henrique Costa Corgosinho, and Magno Augusto Zazá Borges. "Nocturnal Mosquitoes of Pará State in the Brazilian Amazon: Species Composition, Habitat Segregation, and Seasonal Variation." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 6 (June 2, 2020): 1913–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa103.

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Abstract Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are one of the most important disease vector species in the world. Many species have a high degree of anthropophilia and are often found in human habitations. In the present study, we have inventoried the nocturnal mosquito assemblage in intra-, peri-, and extradomicile environments in four municipalities in Pará, Brazil. At each municipality, a residence was selected and the mosquitoes were sampled using the protected human attraction capture and Shannon trap methods in April (rainy season) and August 2018 (dry season). We have collected a total of 696

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EPIS, S., D. SASSERA, T. BENINATI, N. LO, L. BEATI, J. PIESMAN, L. RINALDI, et al. "Midichloria mitochondriiis widespread in hard ticks (Ixodidae) and resides in the mitochondria of phylogenetically diverse species." Parasitology 135, no. 4 (January 21, 2008): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182007004052.

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SUMMARYThe hard tickIxodes ricinus(Ixodidae) is the sole animal thus far shown to harbour an intra-mitochondrial bacterium, which has recently been namedMidichloria mitochondrii. The objectives of this work were (i) to screen ixodid ticks forMidichloria-related bacteria and (ii) to determine whether these bacteria exploit the intra-mitochondrial niche in other tick species. Our main goal was to discover further models of this peculiar form of symbiosis. We have thus performed a PCR screening forMidichloria-related bacteria in samples of ixodid ticks collected in Italy, North America and Icelan

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Sabeta, Claude T., Denise A. Marston, Lorraine M. McElhinney, Daniel L. Horton, Baby M. N. Phahladira, and Anthony R. Fooks. "Rabies in the African Civet: An Incidental Host for Lyssaviruses?" Viruses 12, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12040368.

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In South Africa, canid rabies virus (RABV) infection is maintained in domestic and wildlife species. The identification of rabies in African civets raised the question of whether this wildlife carnivore is a potential reservoir host of RABVs of direct and ancestral dog origin (dog-maintained and dog-derived origins) with an independent cycle of transmission. Genetic analyses of African civet nucleoprotein sequences for 23 African civet RABVs and historically published sequences demonstrated that RABVs from African civets have two origins related to dog and mongoose rabies enzootics. The data s

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Geoghegan, Jemma L., Alistair M. Senior, and Edward C. Holmes. "Pathogen population bottlenecks and adaptive landscapes: overcoming the barriers to disease emergence." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1837 (August 31, 2016): 20160727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0727.

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Emerging diseases are a major challenge to public health. Revealing the evolutionary processes that allow novel pathogens to adapt to new hosts, also the potential barriers to host adaptation, is central to understanding the drivers of disease emergence. In particular, it is unclear how the genetics and ecology of pathogens interact to shape the likelihood of successful cross-species transmission. To better understand the determinants of host adaptation and emergence, we modelled key aspects of pathogen evolutionary dynamics at both intra- and inter-host scales, using parameter values similar

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Wentzel, Jeanette, Cory Gall, Mark Bourn, Juan De Beer, Ferreira du Plessis, and Geoffrey T. Fosgate. "Carnivore Detection at the Domestic/Wildlife Interface within Mpumalanga Province, South Africa." Animals 11, no. 9 (August 29, 2021): 2535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092535.

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South African protected areas account for 8% of the total landmass according to World Bank indicators. Effective conservation of biodiversity in protected areas requires the development of specific reserve management objectives addressing species and disease management. The primary objective of the current study was to identify predictors of carnivore detection in an effort to inform carnivore species management plans on Andover and Manyeleti nature reserves in South Africa. A limited number of camera traps were placed randomly using a grid system. Species detection data were analysed using mi

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Ogawa, Saki, Tomoaki Murakami, Yasuo Inoshima, and Naotaka Ishiguro. "Effect of heating on the stability of amyloid A (AA) fibrils and the intra- and cross-species transmission of AA amyloidosis." Amyloid 22, no. 4 (October 2, 2015): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13506129.2015.1095735.

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Yang, Qian, Xuan Dong, Guosi Xie, Songzhe Fu, Peizhuo Zou, Jing Sun, Yi Wang, and Jie Huang. "Comparative genomic analysis unravels the transmission pattern and intra-species divergence of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains." Molecular Genetics and Genomics 294, no. 4 (April 9, 2019): 1007–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00438-019-01559-7.

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Jenkins, Stephen N., Emmanuel Okello, Paul V. Rossitto, Terry W. Lehenbauer, John Champagne, Maria C. T. Penedo, Andréia G. Arruda, et al. "Molecular epidemiology of coagulase-negativeStaphylococcusspecies isolated at different lactation stages from dairy cattle in the United States." PeerJ 7 (May 6, 2019): e6749. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6749.

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BackgroundCoagulase negativeStaphylococcus(CNS) species are currently the most prevalent intra-mammary pathogens causing subclinical mastitis and occasional clinical mastitis or persistent infection in lactating dairy cattle. More than 10 CNS species have been identified, but they are generally managed as one group on most dairies in the United States. However, improved management decisions and treatment outcomes may be achieved with better understanding of the prevalent species, pathogenicity and strain diversity within and across dairies.MethodologyA total of 604 CNS isolates were cultured f

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D’Agata, Erika M. C., Daniel Habtemariam, and Susan Mitchell. "Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria: Inter- and Intradissemination Among Nursing Homes of Residents With Advanced Dementia." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 36, no. 8 (April 29, 2015): 930–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2015.97.

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OBJECTIVETo quantify the extent of inter– and intra–nursing home transmission of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDRGN) among residents with advanced dementia and characterize MDRGN colonization among these residents.DESIGNProspective cohort study.SETTINGTwenty-two nursing homes in the greater Boston, Massachusetts, area.PATIENTSResidents with advanced dementia.METHODSSerial rectal surveillance cultures for MDRGN and resident characteristics were obtained every 3 months for 12 months or until death. Molecular typing of MDRGN isolates was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresi

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Trzmiel, Katarzyna, Wiktoria Szydło, and Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska. "Biological and molecular characterisation of the two Polish Wheat streak mosaic virus isolates and their transmission by wheat curl mites." Plant Protection Science 57, No. 3 (June 10, 2021): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/104/2020-pps.

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Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is a serious and widespread pathogen in the wheat-producing areas in the USA while, in Europe, it has been considered a minor threat to cereal crops. In the past, WSMV was detected in wheat, triticale and maize plants in Poland by DAS-ELISA. Here, we present the biological and molecular characterisation of WSMV-Sze and WSMV-Sosn isolates collected from western and southern Poland and report their transmissibility by the widespread wheat curl mite (WCM) lineage MT-8. The performed bioassays revealed that the analysed WSMV isolates infect wheat, barley, triticale

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Matsuura, E. T., S. I. Chigusa, and Y. Niki. "Induction of mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy by intra- and interspecific transplantation of germ plasm in Drosophila." Genetics 122, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/122.3.663.

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Abstract A new experimental system for inducing mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy in Drosophila was developed. By transplanting the germ plasm of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila mauritiana into the posterior pole of the recipient eggs of D. melanogaster, it was possible to introduce foreign mitochondria into the recipient female germline. Heteroplasmic individuals containing both donor and recipient mtDNA were obtained in intra- and interspecific combinations at similar frequencies. The proportion of donor-derived mtDNA in the heteroplasmic individuals varied considerably from individual t

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Cornec, C., Y. Hingrat, T. Aubin, and F. Rybak. "Booming far: the long-range vocal strategy of a lekking bird." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 8 (August 2017): 170594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170594.

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The pressures of selection acting on transmission of information by acoustic signals are particularly high in long-distance communication networks. Males of the North African houbara bustard ( Chlamydotis undulata undulata ) produce extremely low-frequency vocalizations called ‘booms’ as a component of their courtship displays. These displays are performed on sites separated by a distance of on average 550 m, constituting exploded leks. Here, we investigate the acoustic features of booms involved in species-specific identity. We first assessed the modifications of acoustic parameters during bo

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LEE, NAM-JU, YOSEPH SEO, JANG-SEU KI, and OK-MIN LEE. "Morphology and molecular description of Wilmottia koreana sp. nov. (Oscillatoriales, Cyanobacteria) isolated from the Republic of Korea." Phytotaxa 447, no. 4 (June 11, 2020): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.447.4.2.

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Two types of Wilmottia (Cyanobacteria) were collected from the tree-bark of a tree on Mt. Gwanggyo in Suwon City, Gyeonggi-do and a rock wall of Haje Port, Geum River in Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea. Morphological observations using light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that one species was Wilmottia murrayi (Coleofasciculaceae, Oscillatoriales) and the other had similar morphology to W. murrayi, with considerable genetic variations, and thus, it was described as a new species named Wilmottia koreana. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA revealed that th

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Weese, J. Scott. "Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile in animals." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 32, no. 2 (January 6, 2020): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638719899081.

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Clostridium ( Clostridioides) difficile is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that is an important cause of disease in people, a variably important cause of disease in some animal species, and an apparently harmless commensal in others. Regardless of whether it is a known pathogen in a particular species, it can also be found in healthy individuals, sometimes at high prevalences and typically with higher rates of carriage in young individuals. As it is investigated in more animal species, it is apparent that this bacterium is widely disseminated in a diverse range of domestic and wild an

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Maldonado, Manuel. "Intergenerational transmission of symbiotic bacteria in oviparous and viviparous demosponges, with emphasis on intracytoplasmically-compartmented bacterial types." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87, no. 6 (December 2007): 1701–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315407058080.

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Recent molecular detection of vast microbial communities exclusively associated with sponges has made evident the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms by which these symbiotic microbes are handled and transferred from one sponge generation to another. This transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study investigated the occurrence of symbiotic bacteria in free-swimming larvae of two viviparous species (Haliclona caerulea and Corticium candelabrum) and spawned gametes of two oviparous species (Chondrilla nucula and Petrosia ficiformis). Complex microbial communities were found in thes

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Al-Dwairi, Ziad Nawaf, Azmi Mohammad-Ghaleb Darwazeh, and Abd Al-Wahab Al-Zwairi. "The Relationship between Tobacco Smoking and Oral Colonization with Candida Species." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 11, no. 3 (2010): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-11-3-17.

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Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to assess and compare the quantitative and qualitative oral colonization of Candida species between a group of healthy tobacco smokers and a comparable group of nonsmokers, and to investigate a possible correlation between oral candidal colonization and the quantity or duration of the smoking habit. Methods and Materials Fifty smokers and 50 nonsmokers were included in the study. Candida species were isolated using the concentrated oral rinse (COR) technique and identified using the germ tube test and API 20 C AUX yeast identification system. Results Over

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LIU, RONGSONG, GERGELY RÖST, and STEPHEN A. GOURLEY. "Age-dependent intra-specific competition in pre-adult life stages and its effects on adult population dynamics." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 27, no. 1 (August 12, 2015): 131–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792515000418.

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Intra-specific competition in insect and amphibian species is often experienced in completely different ways in their distinct life stages. Competition among larvae is important because it can impact on adult traits that affect disease transmission, yet mathematical models often ignore larval competition. We present two models of larval competition in the form of delay differential equations for the adult population derived from age-structured models that include larval competition. We present a simple prototype equation that models larval competition in a simplistic way. Recognising that indi

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Perry, S. F., G. G. Goss, and P. Laurent. "The interrelationships between gill chloride cell morphology and ionic uptake in four freshwater teleosts." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 1775–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-245.

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We have investigated the role of the gill chloride cell in transbranchial Na+ and Cl− uptake in four species of freshwater teleost maintained in water of identical ionic composition. The basic experimental protocol was to determine whether interspecific variability in the rates of whole body Na+ or Cl− uptake could be accounted for by similar interspecific variability in the fractional area of branchial chloride cells exposed to the external environment. To investigate the underlying cause(s) of intraspecific variability, chronic (10 day) treatment with cortisol in each species was used as a t

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Silva, Maria Beatriz Araújo, Ana Virgínia Matos Sá Barreto, Helker Albuquerque da Silva, Cleber Galvão, Dayse Rocha, José Jurberg, and Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves. "Synanthropic triatomines (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil: geographical distribution and natural Trypanosoma infection rates between 2006 and 2007." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 45, no. 1 (February 2012): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822012000100012.

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INTRODUCTION: The present study shows a descriptive analysis of triatomine occurrence and its natural Trypanosoma infection rates in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, between 2006 and 2007. METHODS: Entomological data for the species, such as specimens captured in both intra and peridomiciles and natural infection index, were obtained via domiciliary capture in 147 municipalities from 11 Regional Managements of Health. The database was obtained from a sample of insects (100% infected and 20% non-infected) sent to the Central Laboratory of Pernambuco. RESULTS: A total of 18,029 triatomines were

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Correa, M. C. G., T. Zaviezo, J. Le Maguet, E. Herrbach, and T. Malausa. "Characterization of microsatellite DNA libraries from three mealybug species and development of microsatellite markers for Pseudococcus viburni (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 104, no. 2 (December 17, 2013): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485313000667.

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AbstractMealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are important pests for crops worldwide. Different species, cryptic taxa under the same species name or even populations within a species can differ in biological characteristics, such as phenology, resistance to insecticides, virus transmission and susceptibility to natural enemies. Therefore, their management efficacy depends on their accurate identification. Microsatellite genetic markers are efficient in revealing the fine-scale taxonomic status of insects, both at inter- and intra-specific level. Despite their potential uses, microsatellites h

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Messa, Augusto, Pamela C. Köster, Marcelino Garrine, Tacilta Nhampossa, Sérgio Massora, Anélsio Cossa, Quique Bassat, et al. "Molecular Characterisation of Cryptosporidium spp. in Mozambican Children Younger than 5 Years Enrolled in a Matched Case-Control Study on the Aetiology of Diarrhoeal Disease." Pathogens 10, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040452.

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Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of childhood diarrhoea and associated physical and cognitive impairment in low-resource settings. Cryptosporidium-positive faecal samples (n = 190) from children aged ≤ 5 years enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) in Mozambique detected by ELISA (11.5%, 430/3754) were successfully PCR-amplified and sequenced at the gp60 or ssu rRNA loci for species determination and genotyping. Three Cryptosporidium species including C. hominis (72.6%, 138/190), C. parvum (22.6%, 43/190), and C. meleagridis (4.2%, 8/190) were detected. Children ≤ 23 months

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Černi, Silvija, Katarina Hančević, and Dijana Škorić. "Citruses in Croatia – cultivation, major virus and viroid threats and challenges." Acta botanica Croatica 79, no. 2 (July 13, 2020): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2020-027.

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Although Croatia is not often perceived as a citrus growing country, citrus species have been planted in the Croatian southern coastal part for centuries. Citrus had always been important as a source of vitamins and micronutrients for local consumption, but with the introduction of Satsuma mandarins (Citrus unshiu Marc.) citrus production started its commercial development. The Croatian coast is probably the northernmost commercial citrus growing area globally with several agroecological constraints influencing citrus production. However, Satsuma mandarins, the most cold-tolerant citrus of eco

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Townsend, Jr., Victor R., and Bruce E. Felgenhauer. "Variation in cuticular scales of the lynx spiders of the genus Hamataliwa and other genera (Araneae, Oxyopidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 11 (December 1, 1999): 1705–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-139.

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This study presents the first complete description of the external and internal morphology of cuticular scales of spiders of the genus Hamataliwa and is also the first examination of intrageneric variation in the morphology of the scales of the lynx spiders (Oxyopidae). The cuticular scales of nine species, including taxa from Australia and Central and North America, were examined using scanning electron microscopy, paraffin carving, and transmission electron microscopy (whole mounts only). The surface morphology and internal anatomy of the scales exhibit considerable intra- and inter-specific

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Collins, D. M., G. W. De Lisle, and D. M. Gabric. "Geographic distribution of restriction types ofMycobacterium bovisisolates from brush-tailed possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in New Zealand." Journal of Hygiene 96, no. 3 (June 1986): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400066201.

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SUMMARYDNA restriction endonuclease analysis was used for intra-specific typing ofMycobacterium bovisisolates from 83 brush-tailed possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) obtained between 1982 and 1984 from the three major regions in New Zealand with endemic bovine tuberculosis. All the isolates were found to be genetically very similar. Differentiation of the isolates into 33 restriction types was achieved by using high-resolution electrophoresis and the combined results from separate digestions with the restriction enzymesBstEII,PvuII andBclI. The typing system was entirely reproducible. Isolates of

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RODRIGUEZ, N. M., Z. DE GUGLIELMO, M. A. BARRIOS, R. M. BARRIOS, O. ZERPA, and M. D. FELICIANGELI. "Genetic homogeneity within Leishmania (L.) infantum isolated from human and dogs: the relationship with the sandfly fauna distribution in endemic areas of Nueva Esparta State, Venezuela." Parasitology 130, no. 6 (February 22, 2005): 611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182004007085.

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Leishmania infantum has been described as a highly polymorphic group of parasites, responsible for visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. In this paper we report the life-cycle of L. (L.) infantum in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in Venezuela, by using molecular diagnosis and characterization of parasites isolated from dogs, humans with visceral leishmaniasis and sand flies. The molecular characterization was carried out by use of kDNA restriction analysis, dot-blot hybridization with species-specific probes and RFLP of the PCR products. The results demonstrated that L

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Schmitz, Nele, Gerald Koch, Hans Beeckman, Nico Koedam, Elisabeth M. R. Robert, and Uwe Schmitt. "A Structural and Compositional Analysis of Intervessel pit Membranes in the Sapwood of some Mangrove Woods." IAWA Journal 33, no. 3 (2012): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000091.

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Abstract (sommario):

Intervessel pits are prominent wall structures involved in the water transport mechanism of land plants. The role of their intra-tree variation in the regulation of water transport, however, remains enigmatic. The hypothesis was tested that pit membrane thickness and degree of impregnation with phenolic substances increase along the stem axis with increasing tension on the water column as an adaptation to the higher risk for cavitation. Wood samples were taken at different heights from the mangrove tree Rhizophora mucronata growing at Gazi Bay (Kenya). Additional samples were taken along the s

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Roberts, Scott C., Egon A. Ozer, Teresa Zembower, and Chao Qi. "864. Whole Genome Sequencing is Unable to Track Candida auris Transmission." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S470—S471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1053.

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Abstract Background Candida auris (C. auris), an emerging yeast species, is often drug-resistant and has caused outbreaks in healthcare settings. Surging C. auris cases at our institution prompted whole genome sequencing (WGS) of patient and environmental specimens and comparison to local and international isolates. Methods WGS was performed on clinical and environmental isolates obtained from Northwestern Memorial Hospital (NMH) from June 2018 to December 2019. Genome sequences were compared against isolates from other institutions in the Chicagoland area obtained from a reference lab (ACL) a

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McIntyre, Chloe L., Nick J. Knowles, and Peter Simmonds. "Proposals for the classification of human rhinovirus species A, B and C into genotypically assigned types." Journal of General Virology 94, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 1791–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.053686-0.

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Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) frequently cause mild upper respiratory tract infections and more severe disease manifestations such as bronchiolitis and asthma exacerbations. HRV is classified into three species within the genus Enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae. HRV species A and B contain 75 and 25 serotypes identified by cross-neutralization assays, although the use of such assays for routine HRV typing is hampered by the large number of serotypes, replacement of virus isolation by molecular methods in HRV diagnosis and the poor or absent replication of HRV species C in cell culture. To a

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Probst, Carolina, Anja Globig, Bent Knoll, Franz J. Conraths, and Klaus Depner. "Behaviour of free ranging wild boar towards their dead fellows: potential implications for the transmission of African swine fever." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 5 (May 2017): 170054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170054.

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Abstract (sommario):

The behaviour of free ranging wild boar ( Sus scrofa ) towards carcasses of their conspecifics potentially infected with African swine fever (ASF) may significantly influence the course of an ASF epidemic. This study aims to better understand the behaviour of wild boar towards their dead fellows. Thirty-two wild boar carcasses on nine study sites in northeast Germany were monitored under field conditions by photo-trapping from October 2015 until October 2016. During this period, a total of 122 160 pictures were taken, thereof 16 111 pictures of wild boar. In both winter and summer, wild boar s

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Southgate, Joel A., Matthew J. Bull, Clare M. Brown, Joanne Watkins, Sally Corden, Benjamin Southgate, Catherine Moore, and Thomas R. Connor. "Influenza classification from short reads with VAPOR facilitates robust mapping pipelines and zoonotic strain detection for routine surveillance applications." Bioinformatics 36, no. 6 (November 6, 2019): 1681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz814.

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Abstract Motivation Influenza viruses represent a global public health burden due to annual epidemics and pandemic potential. Due to a rapidly evolving RNA genome, inter-species transmission, intra-host variation, and noise in short-read data, reads can be lost during mapping, and de novo assembly can be time consuming and result in misassembly. We assessed read loss during mapping and designed a graph-based classifier, VAPOR, for selecting mapping references, assembly validation and detection of strains of non-human origin. Results Standard human reference viruses were insufficient for mappin

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