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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Joint loads"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 15 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Joint loads"

Özes, Çiçek, e Özgen Aydin. "Analysis of Sandwich T-Joints under Compression Loads in Marine Applications". Advanced Composites Letters 18, n. 3 (maggio 2009): 096369350901800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350901800301.

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This paper deals with the analysis of sandwich T-joints in terms of buckling loads, which are used in marine applications. Buckling loads have been investigated experimentally and numerically. Loading is applied as uniform axial compression. The GRP/PVC sandwich composite T- joints have been manufactured in six different geometries. Numerical and experimental results both show that the geometry of the T-joint area affects the buckling loads. It has been observed that failure mode is the same in all of the joint types, which is core shear. Stress distributions in T-joints have also been investigated under buckling loads and also for a constant compression load. It is seen that T-joint geometry has an effect on stress distributions obtained under buckling loads.

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Kipp, Kristof, Josh Redden, Michelle Sabick e Chad Harris. "Kinematic and Kinetic Synergies of the Lower Extremities During the Pull in Olympic Weightlifting". Journal of Applied Biomechanics 28, n. 3 (luglio 2012): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.28.3.271.

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The purpose of this study was to identify multijoint lower extremity kinematic and kinetic synergies in weight-lifting and compare these synergies between joints and across different external loads. Subjects completed sets of the clean exercise at loads equal to 65, 75, and 85% of their estimated 1-RM. Functional data analysis was used to extract principal component functions (PCF’s) for hip, knee, and ankle joint angles and moments of force during the pull phase of the clean at all loads. The PCF scores were then compared between joints and across loads to determine how much of each PCF was present at each joint and how it differed across loads. The analyses extracted two kinematic and four kinetic PCF’s. The statistical comparisons indicated that all kinematic and two of the four kinetic PCF’s did not differ across load, but scaled according to joint function. The PCF’s captured a set of joint- and load-specific synergies that quantified biomechanical function of the lower extremity during Olympic weightlifting and revealed important technical characteristics that should be considered in sports training and future research.

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Zhuang, Fujian, e Puhui Chen. "Effects of missing fasteners on the mechanical behavior of double-lap, multi-row composite bolted joints". Journal of Composite Materials 52, n. 28 (2 maggio 2018): 3919–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318771464.

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This paper presents a numerical investigation into the effects of missing fasteners on the mechanical characteristics of double-lap, multi-row composite bolted joints. A highly efficient explicit finite element model, which was validated effective and accurate by experiments, was developed and employed to conduct the virtual tests. Single-column and multi-column joints with various positions of missing fastener were considered. It is shown that the removal of fasteners can reduce the joint stiffness significantly, especially in joints with fewer columns or missing fasteners in the outside rows. The removal of fasteners can also cause considerable reductions in both the initial significant failure loads and ultimate loads of multi-column joints, while in single-column joints only the initial significant failure loads are influenced. Considering the load distribution, it is suggested that bolts in the same column as or in the adjacent column to the missing fastener experience a notable growth in load. Meanwhile, if a bolt bears more loads in the pristine joint, the larger changes in stiffness, ultimate strength, and load distribution may be obtained when it is lost.

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Grosse, I. R., e L. D. Mitchell. "Nonlinear Axial Stiffness Characteristics of Axisymmetric Bolted Joints". Journal of Mechanical Design 112, n. 3 (1 settembre 1990): 442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2912628.

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A critical assessment of the current design theory for bolted joints which is based on a linear, one-dimensional stiffness analysis is presented. A detailed nonlinear finite element analysis of a bolted joint conforming to ANSI standards was performed. The finite element results revealed that the joint stiffness is highly dependent on the magnitude of the applied load. The joint stiffness changes continuously from extremely high for small applied loads to the bolt stiffness during large applied loads, contrary to the constant joint stiffness of the linear theory. The linear theory is shown to be inadequate in characterizing the joint stiffness. The significance of the results in terms of the failure of bolted joints is discussed. A number of sensitivity studies were carried out to assess the effect of various parameters on the axial joint stiffness. The results revealed that bending and rotation of the joint members, interfacial friction, and the bolt/nut threading significantly influence the axial stiffness characteristics of the bolted joint. The two-dimensional, axisymmetric finite element model includes bilinear gap elements to model the interfaces. Special orthotropic elements were used to model the bolt/nut thread interaction. A free-body-diagram approach was taken by applying loads to the outer diameter of the joint model which correspond to internal, uniformly distributed line-shear and line-moment loads in the joint. A number of convergence studies were performed to validate the solution.

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Ooi, E. P., R. Daud, N. A. M. Amin e T. W. Hong. "Recent Development on Fracture Analysis of Solder Joints". Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (novembre 2014): 680–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.680.

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Solder joints failure due to thermal loads and mechanical loads is a significant reliability concern in electronic devices. From literatures, little attention is paid to the development of methods on predicting fracture behavior of solder joint under mixed-mode loading. In reality, the solder joints are exposed to drop impact, vibration loading, bending, and twisting of PCBs. Study on this matter will lead to prediction of fracture load, prevalent fracture mode, exact joint interconnect size and life of joints under brittle and fatigue failure. This paper presents a review of recent fracture analysis on solder joints.

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Martin, Heiner, Michael Stiehm, Ingmar Rinas, Niels Grabow e Thomas Mittlmeier. "Testing of dynamic wrist joint external fixator mobility and reaction moment". Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 4, n. 1 (1 settembre 2018): 447–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2018-0106.

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AbstractFor the investigation of reaction moments of wrist joint with external fixator, a test device was developed that allows a well-defined investigation of the joint loads during hand flexion movements. The reaction moments are considered as a measure for the joint loads due to the constraint forces, which occur with differences of the rotation axis of the fixator device from the physiological rotation axis of the wrist joint. The developed test device allows a dynamic momentum load application into the wrist by a servohydraulic testing machine. This testing device converts the force to a moment by a constant lever arm and allows thereby the measurement of the reaction moments by the force load cell of the testing machine. Measurements on cadaveric wrist joints with external fixator can be thereby performed under reproducible conditions. The cadaveric wrist joints can be integrally casted into bone cement and thereby clamped to the testing device. Preliminary experiments with artificial bones showed that forces within the measuring range of the load cell of the testing machine can be measured. The design of the test device is presented. Hence, the requirements for measurements of the reaction moments with wrists with external fixator for distal radius fractures under dynamic loads are created.

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Malhotra, S. K., e B. Thomas. "Effect of interface gap on load–slip characteristics of timber joints fabricated with multiple nails". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, n. 1 (1 marzo 1985): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-011.

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An experimental program, exploratory in nature, has been carried out to investigate the effect of interface gap on the load–slip behaviour of joints fabricated with multiple nails. In total, 320 joint specimens have been tested. Modification factors are developed to account for the effects of number of nails and interface gap on the overall load-carrying capacity of joints with multiple nails. The current practice for the design of nailed joints is that a joint fastened together with multiple nails in a row, regardless of the interface characteristics of that joint, carries lateral load equal to the product of the lateral-load capacity of the corresponding joint with a single nail and the number of nails in a row of the joint. The findings of this investigation indicate this practice to be somewhat of an overestimation of the overall capacity of the joint. Key words: design, interface gap, interface friction, joint slip, loads (forces), modification factors, multiple fasteners, nailed joints, stiffness, structural engineering, tests, timber construction.

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Chen, Yu Li, Kang Kang Wang e Xiao Xiao Zhang. "Effect of Load Direction on Failure of Out-of-Plane Composite Joints". Advanced Materials Research 1095 (marzo 2015): 934–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.934.

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The mechanical properties of fabric composite π joints under stretch-bending load are studied using the progressive damage method. The failure mode of fillers is evaluated by the modified maximum stress failure criterion due to their structural particularity, while other parts of the joint by the maximum stress failure criterion. Compared with the results of joints under simple tensile load, the numerical simulation result of the joint under stretch-bending loads with varied directions reveals that the flexion can cause significant reduction in the initial and ultimate failure strength although it has little effect on the structure stiffness before initial failure. In addition, the base laminate and the skin are more easily damaged under stretch-bending loads.

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Ma, Yan Yan, Kai Fu Zhang, Zhao Jun Yang e Yuan Li. "Effects of Impact on the Failure of CFRP/Al Bonded Single-Lap Joints with Different Overlap Length". Advanced Materials Research 181-182 (gennaio 2011): 814–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.181-182.814.

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A parametric study on CFRP/Al adhesively bonded single lap joints was experimentally conducted. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the effects of overlap length and impact loads on the failure mode and failure load of joints. Experimental results show that structural failure of joints occurred in the adhesive layer or the bonded interface; failure loads and impact resistance of the joint increased as the overlap length increased; the carrying load of joints which subjected to impact declined significantly because of internal damage of the adhesive layer.

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Pegado, Helio de Assis, Rafael Felipe De Souza e Rodrigo de Sa´ Martins. "Allowable Load Assessment in Metal-Composite Double-Lap Joint / Avaliação de Carga Permitida em Junta de Dupla Folga Metal-Composto". Brazilian Journal of Development 7, n. 8 (18 agosto 2021): 82563–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n8-456.

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This work consists of evaluating the tensile and compression static allowable stress of a hybrid (metal-composite) riveted joint. The analyzed joint is composed by two sheets of 2014 – T6 aluminium alloy and a T300/5208 Graphite/Epoxy quasi-isotropic laminate, which were joined by twelve Lockbolt Swaged Collar rivets titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V annealed. The joint was analyzed through a computational model developed using the Finite Element Method (FEM), with the fasteners modelled through the Multi - Springs technique. This method was widely used to simulate the mechanical behaviour metal-metal and composite-composite parts of the joint. It is validated comparing its results with analytical results of metallic joints available in the literature. Through this model, both the allowable load and its distribution in the fasteners of the joint were determined. Since the evaluated joint is subjected to double shear and, therefore, has no eccentricities, the presence of secondary bending was not observed, the bearing and bypass loads were the most relevant in evaluating the allowable loads of the joint. The load distribution in the joint and its components’ safety margin was determined, with the laminate being the limiting component of the allowable load.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Joint loads"

Modenese, Luca. "Biomechanics, musculoskeletal modelling, hip joint loads prediction, muscle force estimation". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/39476.

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A musculoskeletal model of the lower limb has been implemented and assessed in order to be used as a predictive tool to quantify the hip contact force (HCF) vector acting between the femoral head and the pelvic acetabulum. The model is based on a published anatomical dataset, which has been critically revised and extended. The HCFs obtained through the model have been assessed at multiple levels of detail against measurements from instrumented prostheses from a publicly available dataset. In the first instance, a direct comparison has been undertaken in order to verify predicted HCF magnitudes close to the measured and muscle recruitment consistent with electromyographic activation profiles reported in the literature. Secondly, a trend validation was performed to ensure the correct behaviour of the model when the same daily living task (level walking) was performed with different modalities. Finally, a falsification of the model was performed by challenging it to predict the exact components of the measured hip contact forces for both level walking and stair climbing. The closest achievable predictions were also calculated, together with the accuracy of a conventional use of the model not exploiting a priori knowledge of the joint contact forces. Once the assessment of the model was completed, a dataset of anthropometric, kinematic and kinetic data was collected on eight young healthy subjects performing daily living activities. As a demonstration of the potential use of the dataset, a subject specific model was generated and used to estimate HCF direction and magnitude for level walking and stair climbing, the same activities investigated during model validation. The model was further extended in order to include the upper part of the body and potentially analyze full body kinematics and kinetics. A further modified version of the model was finally developed in order to be used in finite elements analyses or more generally in applications requiring equilibrated sets of muscle and joint forces acting on a bone structure, as the highly discretized representation of the muscles makes the model particularly suitable for this kind of use. The developed model has been implemented in the open source software OpenSim and is freely available for download and use in research.

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Yaghin, Mohammad Ali Lotfollahi. "Joint probabilities of responses to wave induced loads on monohull floating offshore structures". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/687.

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Gutierrez-Franco, Juan. "THE EFFECTS OF OBESITY ON RESULTANT KNEE JOINT LOADS FOR GAIT AND CYCLING". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1624.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of cartilage and bone tissue and the most common form of arthritis, accounting for US$ 10.5 billion in hospital charges in 2006. Obesity (OB) has been linked to increased risk of developing knee OA due to increased knee joint loads and varus-valgus misalignment. Walking is recommended as a weight-loss activity but it may increase risk of knee OA as OB gait increases knee loads. Cycling has been proposed as an alternative weight-loss measure, however, lack of studies comparing normal weight (NW) and OB subjects in cycling and gait hinder identification of exercises that may best prevent knee OA incidence. The objective of this work is to determine if cycling is a better weight-loss exercise than gait in OB subjects as it relates to knee OA risk reduction due to decreased knee loads. A stationary bicycle was modified to measure forces and moments at the pedals in three dimensions. A pilot experiment was performed to calculate resultant knee loads during gait and cycling for NW (n = 4) and OB (n = 4) subjects. Statistical analyses were performed to compare knee loads and knee angles, and to determine statistical significance of results (p < 0.05). Cycling knee loads were lower than gait knee loads for all subjects (p < 0.033). OB axial knee loads were higher than NW axial knee loads in gait (p = 0.004) due to the weight-bearing nature of gait. No differences were observed in cycling knee loads between NW and OB subjects, suggesting cycling returns OB knee loads and biomechanics to normal levels. The lack of significant results in cycling could be due to the small sample size used or because rider weight is supported by the seat. Limitations to this study include small sample size, soft tissue artifact, and experimental errors in marker placement. Future studies should correct these limitations and find knee joint contact force rather than knee resultant loads using v EMG-driven experiments. In conclusion, cycling loads were lower than gait loads for NW and OB subjects suggesting cycling is a better weight-loss exercise than gait in the context of reducing knee OA risk.

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Simon, Joshua Cameron. "Response and Failure of Adhesively Bonded Automotive Composite Structures under Impact Loads". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34881.

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An experimental technique for conducting low speed impact of adhesively bonded automotive composite joints is presented. Based on the use of a modified drop tower, mode I, II, and mixed mode values for critical energy release rate were determined for a composite/epoxy system and used to create a fracture failure envelope. Because load measurements become erratic and unreliable at higher test rates, displacement-based relationships were used to quantify these energy release rates. Displacement data was collected with an imaging system that utilized edge detection to determine displacement profiles, end displacements, and opening displacements where applicable. Because of the resolution of the image-based approach used, determining crack length experimentally was extremely difficult. As a result, numerical methods were developed to objectively determine the crack length based on the available experimental data in mode I, II, and mixed mode I/II configurations. This numerical method uses a nonlinear fit to determine mode I crack lengths and a theoretical model based on cubic equations for mode II and mixed-mode I/II, where the coefficients of the equations are determined by using both boundary and transition conditions that are a result of the test setup. A double cantilever beam (DCB) geometry was chosen to collect mode I data, an end-loaded split (ELS) geometry was used for mode II, and a single leg bend (SLB) geometry was used for mixed-mode I/II. These geometries were used to determine the fracture characteristics of adhesively bonded automotive composites to create fracture failure envelopes as well as provide mode I, II, and mixed-mode I/II data to be used in finite element models. The chosen adhesive exhibited unstable, stick-slip crack growth, which resulted in very few data points being collected from each static DCB specimen as well as drastic drops in energy release rate between initiation and arrest points. Unstable growth also created issues in dynamic testing, as data points surrounding these "stick-slip" events were lost due to the insufficient sampling rate of the available imaging system. Issues also arose with differences between thick and thin composite adherend specimens. These differences could result from additional curing in thick adherend composite specimens due to the adherends retaining heat. DSC testing was conducted on uncured adhesive using a 2, 5, and 10 minute hold at the cure temperature, and significant additional curing was observed between the two and five minute cures. Due to the difference in relative stiffness between the 12 and 36 ply composite, the local loading rate at the crack tip was lower in the 12 ply adherends, possibly allowing for a larger plastic zone and thus a higher energy release rate. As a result, tests were conducted on 36 ply composite specimens at rates of 1 mm/min and 0.1 mm/min to determine if there were loading rate effects. This testing showed that higher initiation energy relase rates were found at the lower test rate, thus reinforcing the local loading rate theory. Due to issues with plastic deformation in aluminum adherends, mode II and mixed-mode I/II data were collected using only composite adherends. Only one data point was collected per specimen as the crack propagated directly into the composite after initiating from the precrack, thus multiple tests were conducted to collect sufficient data for constructing a failure envelope. Once mode I, II and mixed-mode I/II fracture data was collected, a fracture failure envelope was created. This failure envelope, combined with a predetermined factor of safety, could provide some of the necessary tools for design with this adhesive/composite system.
Master of Science

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Mohamadzadeh, Milad. "Analysis of Metal Plate Connected Wood Truss Assemblies under Out-of-Plane Loads". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50271.

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In 2012, falls from elevation in construction industry represented 36% of the total fatalities. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration requires workers to use fall protection systems where workers are 6 feet or more above a lower level. Anchors for fall protection systems attached to roof trusses may cause out-of-plane loading on these structures. Metal plate connected wood trusses (MPCWT) are not designed to carry out-of-plane loads and MPCWT performance under these loads are not evaluated in the design process. The goal of this research is to model and analyze MPCWT assemblies under out-of-plane loads. The rotational stiffness of truss-wall connections, and truss bracing elements are included in the structural component model. Previous experimental data of fall arrest anchor loading were used for model validation. A parametric study considering loading location, joint stiffness and dimension of trusses was conducted. The structural analog of the MPCWT assemblies were found to have first truss deflections within 4% difference, thereby the models were validated. From parametric study results, the load location was not changed the ultimate deflection in the truss assembly by maximum value of 9%. Out-of-plane joint stiffness was the parameter that caused a large difference in the deflection results, when the joists were assumed as either rigid or simple connections. The rotational stiffness of lateral and diagonal bracing should be included as model inputs for the accurate representation of experimental behavior. Truss lengths increased the deflection at the top chord of the first truss in the assembly as truss width increased.
Master of Science

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Nolet, Vincent. "Analytical Methodology to Predict the Behaviour of Multi-Panel CLT Shearwalls Subjected to Lateral Loads". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36999.

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The increasing demand for more sustainable construction has led to the development of new structural systems that include wood as building material. Cross laminated timber (CLT) has been identified as a potential system to address this need and to provide alternative options in the range of low- to medium-rise construction. The appeal in using CLT as a shearwall is driven by the combination of the rigid panels and small dimension fasteners, which allows for significant energy dissipation in the structure. However, there is currently no reliable analytical model to accurately predict the behaviour of multi-segment CLT shearwalls. The current study aims to develop an analytical model capable of predicting the elastic and plastic phases associated with the behaviour of multi-panel CLT shearwalls. The model describes the wall behaviour as a function of the connectors’ properties in terms of stiffness, strength and ductility. This dependency means that the only input required in the model is the behavioural parameters of the connections. The proposed model contains six cases with a total of 36 different failure mechanisms. Two final wall behaviours were developed, and it was found that behaviour (i.e. single wall) could be achieved if the yielding in the hold-down occurred prior to yielding in the panel joints. Inversely, the other behaviour (i.e. coupled panels) was achieved if the yielding in the vertical joint occur prior to yielding in the hold-down. The analytical model was validated using a numerical model, and the results of the comparison showed very close match between the two models. The study proposed simplified design provisions with the aim to optimize the walls ductility (CP behaviour) or strength and stiffness (SW behaviour).

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Coombs, Matthew T. "Development of an experimental method to identify structural properties of the intervertebral joint after spine staple implantation under simulated physiologic loads". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1322052236.

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Hoffmann, Daniel E. "Ex Vivo Biomechanical Evaluation of the Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Deficient Stifle with Varying Angles of Stifle Joint Flexion and Axial Loads After Tibial Tuberosity Advancement". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243981690.

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Sánchez, Tizapa Sulpicio. "Experimental and numerical study of confined masonry walls under in-plane loads : case : guerrero State (Mexico)". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00537380.

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This research work proposes methods to rises the resistance and to evaluate the behavior of confined masonry walls built from clay solid bricks. These elements are widely used in Guerrero State (México) to build masonry structures, which should resist high lateral loads because of the serious seismic hazard. Therefore, a large experimental program to evaluate the mechanical properties of bricks and masonry currently required in the design process and masonry analysis was developed. To rises the masonry resistance and to counteract the influence of the compressive strength of the pieces on the masonry behavior, a high compressive strength mortar and a metallic reinforcement inside the joints were used. With respect to referenced values of the mechanical properties, some were similar and others were twice bigger. In this country zone, the first three tests under lateral load on full-scale confined masonry walls built from clay solid bricks were carried out in order to evaluate its behavior. A reinforcement composed by metallic hexagonal mesh-mortar coat was placed on the faces of two walls to rise or to restore the resistance. The walls showed good behavior and the reinforcement had adequate structural efficiency. Numerical models of panels and walls built by using the experimental data evaluated the envelope resistance, the failure mode and showed the influence of the mechanical properties of the pieces and joints on the global behavior. Two models had metallic reinforcement inside the joints. In addition, a constitutive law of the masonry defined from experimental results allowed to elaborate a simple model, which results were concordant with respect to the experimental results and similar to those calculated by complex models. Finally, two simplified models to evaluate the resistance of confined masonry walls by considering the failure plane on the wall diagonal were developed. One supposes the masonry failure by shear effect and the other supposes the masonry failure by induced tension. The ratio theoretical resistance vs. experimental resistance was adequate for walls built from different materials and tested under different loads, which had ratio Height/Length ranging from 0.74 to 1.26

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Lemos, Fernando de Aguiar. "Desenvolvimento de um programa de análise de imagens radiológicas de membros inferiores com osteoartrite de joelho a partir de parâmetros biomecânicos funcionais". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29252.

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A osteoartrite (OA) de joelho é uma doença multifatorial que acomete pessoas a partir da terceira década de vida, mas com maior incidência em idosos. Sua classificação é feita baseado em parâmetros clínicos e qualitativos durante uma intervenção médica. Nos casos mais avançados, a cirurgia de artroplastia de joelho envolve não apenas a substituição da articulação por uma prótese, mas também o realinhamento dos segmentos do membro inferior. Nesse caso há a necessidade de uma abordagem mais quantitativa na busca do reposicionamento desta articulação em relação ao eixo de suporte da carga corporal (ESCC). O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma metodologia de análise que possibilitasse quantificar uma série de parâmetros estruturais e funcionais a partir de imagens da raios-X em sujeitos saudáveis, assintomáticos para OA e em sujeitos com diagnóstico de OA de joelho. Este estudo utilizou-se da classificação adotada por Dejour (1991) para a classificação dos sujeitos em grupos com diferentes graus de OA. A amostra foi constituída de sujeitos de 25 a 80 anos com níveis de grau 1, grau 2 e grau 3 de OA. Além da classificação nos graus, os sujeitos foram separados pela presença ou não de dor em assintomáticos (OA sem dor) e sintomáticos (OA com dor). Imagens de raios-X foram obtidas do membro inferior dos sujeitos. Previamente à obtenção das imagens, um sistema de calibração foi construído com o objetivo de identificar possíveis erros de medidas e corrigi-los. Além disso, o sistema de calibração também foi utilizado na definição exata da metodologia a ser utilizada na obtenção dos exames radiográficos a fim de que a quantificação dos parâmetros estruturais e funcionais de cada membro inferior não apresentasse fatores intervenientes que pudessem mascarar os resultados obtidos de cada imagem digital, possibilitando também a comparação entre os indivíduos. Após a identificação dos fatores de correção das imagens digitais, um programa foi desenvolvido na plataforma Matlab para a identificação das variáveis geométricas dos membros inferiores. Além disso, também foi desenvolvida uma rotina matemática que permitiu calcular, por meio da de decomposição de vetores de força, as cargas que atravessavam cada articulação do joelho. Com estas informações foi possível comparar as variáveis geométricas dos membros inferiores entre os diferentes níveis de OA e também observar por meio de três modelos matemáticos qual a influência destas variáveis no mínimo espaço intra-articular medial (MEIAM), na força no compartimento medial (FCM) e nas estruturas contra-laterais a este compartimento, como o ligamento colateral lateral e trato iliotibial, neste trabalho denominados de força P. Os principais resultados obtidos no presente estudo foram: (1) o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de calibração de imagens digitais capaz de reduzir os efeitos da ampliação da imagem, corrigindo os valores ampliados aproximando-os dos valores reais; (2) Foi observado que o desalinhamento dos membros inferiores avaliado pelo ângulo que representa a relação entre o quadril, joelho e tornozelo (QJT) tem influência na OA de joelho, assim como o ângulo entre os platôs condilares do fêmur e da tíbia (PC). Visto que quanto maior estes ângulos, menor o mínimo espaço intra - articular medial (MEIAM) e maior os graus de OA. 3) Quando avaliado as variáveis geométricas dos membros inferiores em um teste de regressão linear múltipla, para saber a influência na força do compartimento medial (FCM), na força do ligamento colateral lateral e tracto iliotibial (força P) e no MEIAM, o QJT teve maior poder explicativo tanto para as cargas como o MEIA, confirmando a teoria mecânica. Entretanto o ângulo do colo do fêmur (ACF), apesar de uma baixa participação (6%) que mostrou um grau de importância significativo nos modelos de carga do compartimento e do MEIAM. Assim, embora nós saibamos que os segmentos inferiors ajustam-se mecanicamente em relação a carga, foi observado que o desalinhamento dos membros inferiores é um fator de risco mais importante entre todas as variáveis para o desenvolvimento da OA.
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease that affects people from the third decade of life, but with higher incidence in the elderly. Its classification is based on clinical and qualitative parameters during a medical intervention. In more advanced cases of OA, knee arthroplasty involves not only joint replacement with prosthesis, but also the realignment of the lower limb segments. In this case, there is a need for a more quantitative approach in the pursuit of the joint repositioning in relation to the load bearing axis (LBA). The aim of this study was to develop a methodology that would enable the quantification of a number of structural and functional parameters, using X-ray images, in healthy subjects, asymptomatic for OA and subjects diagnosed with knee OA. This study used the classification adopted by Dejour (1991) to classify the subjects into groups with different degrees of OA. The sample consisted of subjects between 25 and 80 years old, classified with levels 1, 2 and 3 of OA. Besides this classification, subjects were separated by the presence or absence of pain into asymptomatic (OA without pain) and symptomatic (OA with pain). Radiographic images of the lower limb were obtained of the subjects. Prior to obtaining the images, a calibration system was built to identify possible measurement errors and correct them. In addition, the calibration system was also used to define the exact methodology to be used to obtain the images, so that the quantification of structural and functional parameters of each lower limb did not present intervening factors that might mask the results, allowing also the comparison between individuals. After identifying the correction factors of the digital images, a Matlab routine was developed to identify the geometric variables of the lower limbs. In addition, this routine also allowed the calculation, through the decomposition of force vectors, of the loads that cross each knee joint. With this information, it was possible to compare the geometric variables of the lower limbs between different levels of OA and also observe, by means of three mathematical models, the influence of these variables on the medial intra-articular minimum space, on the force in the medial compartment (FMC) and on the contra-lateral structures in this compartment, such as the lateral collateral ligament and the iliotibial tract, called, in this work, P force. The main results of this study were: (1) the development of a calibration methodology for digital images capable of reducing the effects of image magnification, adjusting the values closer to real values; (2) the observation that the misalignment of the lower extremities, evaluated by the angle that represents the relationship between hip, knee and ankle (HKA), has an influence on knee OA, as well as the angle between the condyle plateaus of the femur and the tibia. The larger this angle is, smaller is the medial intra-articular minimum space, and higher are the levels of OA; (3) when evaluating the geometric variables of the lower limbs in a multiple linear regression test, to identify the influence of these variables on the force of the medial compartment (FMC), on the force of the lateral collateral ligament and the iliotibial tract (indicated here as P force) and on the MIAMS it was possible to observe that the HKA showed larger explanatory power for the loads as the MIAMS, confirming the mechanical theory. However, for the angle of the femoral neck (AFN), despite a lower power to explain the dependant variables (only 6%), it still showed a significant importance in the load compartment models and MIAMS. Thus, although we know that the segments adapt or mechanically adjust in response to load, it seems that the lower limb segments alignment is the most important factor amongst all variables as a risk factor for the development of knee OA.

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Libri sul tema "Joint loads"

Ramberger, Günter. Structural bearings and expansion joints for bridges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed006.

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Bridge superstructures have to be designed to permit thermal and live load strains to occur without unintended restraints. Bridge bearings have to transfer forces from the superstructure to the substructure, allowing all movements in directions defined by the designer. The two functions -transfer the loads and allow movements only in the required directions for a long service time with little maintenance - are not so easy to fulfil. Different bearings for different purposes and requirements have been developed so, that the bridge designer can choose the most suitable bearing. By the movement of a bridge, gaps are necessary between superstructure and substructure. Expansion joints fill the gaps, allowing traffic loads tobe carried and allowing all expected displacements with low resistance. Expansion joints should provide a smooth transition, avoid noise emission as far as possible and withstand all mechanical actions and chemical attacks (de-icing) for a long time. A simple exchange of all wearing parts and of the entire expansion joint should be possible. The present volume provides a comprehensive survey of arrangement, construction and installation of bearings and expansion joints for bridges including calculation of bearing reactions and movements, analysis and design, inspection and maintenance. A long list of references deals with the subjects but also with aspects in the vicinity of bearings and expansion joints. This book is aimed at both students and practising engineers, working in the field of bridge design, construction, analysis, inspection, maintenance and repair.

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Vyce, John M. Performance of load-transfer devices. Albany, N.Y: Engineering Research and Development Bureau, New York State Dept. of Transportation, 1987.

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Al-Qazzaz, Khaled. Buckling failure in adhesive joints under bending loads. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2003.

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United States. Dept. of the Treasury., a cura di. Curbing predatory home mortgage lending: A joint report. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, 2000.

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Wilkinson, Thomas Lee. Duration of load on bolted joints: A pilot study. Madison, WI: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1988.

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Wilkinson, Thomas Lee. Duration of load on bolted joints: A pilot study. Madison, WI: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1988.

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Wilkinson, Thomas Lee. Duration of load on bolted joints: A pilot study. Madison, WI: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1988.

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Roeder, C. W. Field measurements of dynamic wheel loads on modular expansion joints. [Olympia, Wash.]: Washington State Dept. of Transportation, 1995.

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Naik, Rajiv A. Stress analysis method for clearance-fit joints with bearing-bypass loads. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1989.

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Modeling Body Joint Loads during Equipment Decontamination Operations. Storming Media, 1997.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Joint loads"

Higa, M., F. Kawabata, Y. Kobayashi e K. Fukuda. "Impact of gait modifications on hip joint loads during level walking". In IFMBE Proceedings, 346–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19387-8_83.

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Malafeev, S. I., e A. A. Malafeeva. "Algorithms of Distribution of General Loads Under the Joint Work of Aggregates". In Advances in Neural Computation, Machine Learning, and Cognitive Research II, 257–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01328-8_31.

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Steinfelder, C., e A. Brosius. "A New Approach for the Evaluation of Component and Joint Loads Based on Load Path Analysis". In Lecture Notes in Production Engineering, 134–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62138-7_14.

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Javanmardian, A., e M. HaghPanahi. "3 Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of the Human Wrist Joint without Ligaments under Compressive Loads". In IFMBE Proceedings, 628–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14515-5_160.

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Jung, Dal Woo, e Nak Sam Choi. "Characteristic Fracture Assessment of a Rivet Joint for Hybrid Composite Laminates under Static and Fatigue Shear Loads". In Experimental Mechanics in Nano and Biotechnology, 1757–60. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-415-4.1757.

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Szyszka, Paulina, Robert Michnik, Katarzyna Nowakowska, Adam Czaplicki e Jarosław Sacharuk. "Resultant Reactions in the Hip, Knee and the L5-S1 Joint During the Back Squat with Variation External Loads". In Innovations in Biomedical Engineering, 210–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15472-1_23.

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Jung, Dal Woo, e Nak Sam Choi. "Fracture Characteristics of a Hybrid Composite Joint Beam for the Tilting Car Body under Static and Fatigue Transverse Loads". In Key Engineering Materials, 2681–84. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.2681.

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Timashev, Sviatoslav, e Anna Bushinskaya. "Method of Assessing the Probabilistic Characteristics of Crack Growth Under the Joint Influence of Random Loads and Different Types of Corrosion Processes". In Diagnostics and Reliability of Pipeline Systems, 331–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25307-7_8.

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Kimberlain, Jon, e John A. Knowles. "Investigation of the Impact of Increasing Design Loads of a Conventional Structural Silicone Joint Using Finite Element Analysis and Hyperelastic Material Properties". In Durability of Building and Construction Sealants and Adhesives: 5th Volume, 217–34. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp158320140063.

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Othman, Ramzi. "Analytical Modelling of Dynamic and Impact Loads". In Strength Prediction of Adhesively-Bonded Joints, 71–96. Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press, [2016] | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315370835-4.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Joint loads"

Indulkar, C. S., e K. Ramalingam. "Load Flow Analysis with Voltage-Sensitive Loads". In 2008 Joint International Conference on Power System Technology and IEEE Power India Conference (POWERCON). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpst.2008.4745151.

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Koay, Kenny, Brad Bracht e Vance Browne. "Fatigue Analysis of a Welded Lap Joint Under Bending Load". In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32303.

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Welded lap joints subject to cyclic loading are used in industrial vehicles and equipment. Cyclic bending loads can result in fatigue failure of these joints. It is desirable to predict the expected life of the joint as a function of a load-stress parameter. To predict the life of a typical welded structure, additional types of weld joints and loads must also be considered. The lap joint work covered here provides a building block for the structure life prediction. For the work reported here, lap joints were formed by an industrial manufacturing wire feed weld process by certified welders. Strain gages were applied to one of the joint members. A fixture was designed and built to apply a pure bending load to the welded members at the joints, and this was installed in a fatigue test machine. A number of fully reversed tests were run to failure at various loads and some were run to effective infinite life. A resulting set of stress life curves was generated based on mean life and mean life less one and two standard deviations as a function of the “hot spot” stress. This hot spot is the region near the weld toe where the stress distribution starts to deviate from linearity due to the geometric stress riser of the weld fillet and joint geometry. Measurements show that this stress can be approximated by the calculated beam bending stress for the specimens and loads used in the tests. The results of this work provide guidelines for design of welded lap joints for a desired cycle life and for predicting the expected cycle life of an existing joint including uncertainties in life due to weld and test variables. The stress needed to predict the life of a joint is obtained by strain measurements on the actual structure. For design, the stress may be approximated by calculated stresses.

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Manda, Kartik R., Marcus Dersch, Ryan Kernes, Riley J. Edwards e David A. Lange. "Vertical Load Path Under Static and Dynamic Loads in Concrete Crosstie and Fastening Systems". In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3832.

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An improved understanding of the vertical load path is necessary for improving the design methodology for concrete crossties and fastening systems. This study focuses on how the stiffness, geometry, and interface characteristics of system components affect the flow of forces in the vertical direction. An extensive field test program was undertaken to measure various forces, strains, displacements and rail seat pressures. A Track Loading Vehicle (TLV) was used to apply well-calibrated static loads. The TLV at slow speeds and moving freight and passenger consists at higher speeds were used to apply dynamic loads. Part of the analysis includes comparison of the static loads and the observed dynamic loads as a result of the trains passing over the test section at different speeds. This comparison helps define a dynamic loading factor that is needed for guiding design of the system. This study also focuses on understanding how the stiffness of the components in the system affects the flow of forces in the vertical direction. The study identifies that the stiffness of the support (ballast) underneath the crossties is crucial in determining the flow of forces. The advances made by this study provide insight into the loading demands on each component in the system, and will lead to improvements in design.

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LAUZON, M. "5DOF dynamic loads on a jet vane". In 26th Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2382.

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Matin, Payam H., e Sayed A. Nassar. "Prediction of Clamp Load Loss Under Fully Reversed Cyclic Loads in Bolted Joints". In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84039.

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The amount of clamp load loss due to a fully reversed cyclic service load is determined for a bolted assembly in which both the fastener and the joint were initially tightened beyond their respective proportional limits. After the initial tightening of the fastener, the joint is subsequently subjected to a fully reversed cyclic load that acts as a tensile separating force in the first half cycle, and as a compressive force on the joints during the second half cycle of the loading. During the first quarter cycle, the separating force would increase the fastener tensile stress further into the non-linear range. Such separating force would simultaneously reduce the clamping force in the bolted joint. At the end of the following quarter of the cycle, the bolted joint system reaches a new equilibrium point between the fastener tension and the joint clamping force. At the new equilibrium point, the clamp load is reduced from its initial value, due to the plastic elongation of the fastener. In the third quarter of the cycle, the compressive service load would increase the joint compressive stress into the non-linear range. Similarly, the clamp load loss would be increased at the end of the second half cycle, due to the plastic compression in the joint. The total clamp load loss may significantly lead to joint leakage, loosening, or fatigue failure. A non-linear strain hardening model is implemented in order to determine the clamp load loss due to accumulative effect of the permanent set in the fastener and the joint after the service load had been removed. Various rates of strain hardening are used for modeling the behavior of the fastener and joint materials. The effect of three non-dimensional variables on the amount of clamp load loss is investigated. The variables include the joint-to-fastener stiffness ratio, the ratio of the initial fastener tension to its elastic limit, and the ratio of the external force to its maximum tensile value that would cause joint separation to start.

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Lou, S. Z., Y. R. Lin e C. L. Lee. "Effects of Chair Rise Strategies on Joint Loads". In MSIE 2020: 2020 2nd International Conference on Management Science and Industrial Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3396743.3396782.

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Bruserud, Kjersti. "Extreme Loads on a Jacket Based on Joint Metocean Data". In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61001.

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In lack of simultaneous metocean data for wind, waves and currents, Norwegian design regulations recommend a combination of metocean parameters for estimation of extreme metocean loads on offshore structures assumed to be conservative. The possible conservatism in the design regulations and also the effect of currents in the estimation of extreme loads are considered. A simplified parametric load model for a jacket, based on waves and currents, is assumed. Both measured and hindcast wave data are combined with different measured current data into load time series and the extreme loads estimated. The extreme load according to the recommended approach is also estimated. This is done at four locations in the northern North Sea. When compared to the recommended approach, the other approaches yield a reduced estimated extreme metocean load. Current is found to have an effect on the total extreme load. The results are intended be illustrative and not suitable for use in design.

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Fukuoka, Toshimichi, Masataka Nomura e Takahiro Kamihira. "Finite Element Analysis of the Mechanical Behavior of Multi-Bolted Joints Subjected to Shear Loads". In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25130.

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When subjected to external forces, bolted joints behave in a complex manner especially in the case of the joints being clamped with multiple bolts. Friction type joints are widely used for the joints subjected to shear loads. Bearing type joints, which support the shear load on the surface of bolt body, are used less frequently, since its mechanical behavior is too complicated to accurately estimate the load capacity. In this study, mechanical behavior of multi-bolted joints subjected to shear loads is comprehensively analyzed by three-dimensional FEM. Load distribution patterns of the bearing type joint are compared to those of the friction type joint. It has been found that the shear load applied to a bearing type joint distributes with a concave shape along the load direction as clamping bolts are increased, and a fair amount of the shear load is also supported by friction. Additionally, a simple method that calculates the shear load distribution is proposed using elementary theory of solid mechanics, which can estimate the shear load distribution with sufficient accuracy for the case of small friction coefficient.

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Brown, Warren. "Improved Analysis of External Loads on Flanged Joints". In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97814.

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External loads on bolted flanged joints must be assessed in order to be in compliance with ASME and other international pressure vessel and piping codes. However, in the case of the ASME B31.3 piping code or ASME VIII, Division 1 pressure vessel code, there is not specific guidance on how to assess these loads. This has created a situation where piping designers have employed a variety of methods, ranging from very conservative to possibly non-conservative. A review of historical joint external load experiments is made in this paper, which highlights the relatively low risk of joint leakage due to external loads. In addition, an improved method of assessing the acceptability of external loads for any given joint is introduced and compared to both test results and existing assessment methods. The method presented is based on probability of leakage for standard piping joints using the method outlined in Appendix O of ASME PCC-1 [1]. This allows, in some cases, a much higher acceptable load than typically employed when using traditional methods such as the Equivalent Pressure method. By allowing higher external loads, it is possible to reduce the footprint of a process unit, which saves money, while maintaining safety.

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Yang, Sen, Bill Lin e Jun Xu. "Safe Randomized Load-Balanced Switching by Diffusing Extra Loads". In SIGMETRICS '16: SIGMETRICS/PERFORMANCE Joint International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2896377.2901480.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Joint loads"

Chan, Wanyu R., e Michael D. Sohn. Computing Toxic Load for Shelter-in-Place Analysis Using Joint Urban 2003. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1196773.

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Moshier, Monty A. Ram Load Simulation of Wing Skin-Spar Joints: New Rate-dependent Cohesive Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, gennaio 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada448143.

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Perez, Felipe de Jesus. Lateral Load Behavior and Design of Unbonded Post-tensioned Precast Concrete Walls with Ductile Vertical Joint Connectors. Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pci.rr.seis-018.

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Day, Deanne N., Allison M. Meiszberg, Locke A. Karriker, JoAnn M. Kinyon, Timothy S. Frana e Joshua S. Ellingson. Effect of Joint Sampling Technique on Bacterial Load in Synovial Fluid Samples of Swine in a Commercial Setting. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, gennaio 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-898.

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Tamale, Nona. Adding Fuel to Fire: How IMF demands for austerity will drive up inequality worldwide. Oxfam, agosto 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7864.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has dealt a huge blow to every country, and many governments have struggled to meet their populations’ urgent needs during the crisis. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has stepped in to offer extra support to a large number of countries during the pandemic. However, Oxfam’s analysis shows that as of 15 March 2021, 85% of the 107 COVID-19 loans negotiated between the IMF and 85 governments indicate plans to undertake austerity once the health crisis abates. The findings in this briefing paper show that the IMF is systematically encouraging countries to adopt austerity measures once the pandemic subsides, risking a severe spike in already increased inequality levels. A variety of studies have revealed the uneven distribution of the burden of austerity, which is more likely to be shouldered by women, low-income households and vulnerable groups, while the wealth of the richest people increases. Oxfam joins global institutions and civil society in urging governments worldwide and the IMF to focus their energies instead on a people-centred, just and equal recovery that will fight inequality and not fuel it. Austerity will not ‘build back better’.

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Lippert, David, Marshall Thompson e Charles Wienrank. Performance of Interstate Rubblization in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, luglio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-005.

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In Illinois, hot-mix asphalt overlaid concrete pavements typically exhibit reflective cracking of joints and cracks from the pavement below, resulting in shortened life and maintenance issues. Over the years, various patching, fabric, and crack and seat techniques were attempted with few positive results. This led to more aggressive techniques to eliminate the slab action of the concrete pavement where the pavement would be broken or rubblized into pieces typically less than 12 inches. Since the first rubblizing project in 1990, policy, procedures, and specifications have evolved to the point that rubblization is the mainstream option in dealing with problematic concrete pavements. This report summarizes the performance of several interstate rubblizing projects in Illinois by analyzing available data in Illinois Department of Transportation’s pavement management system. Condition rating survey data allowed the serviceability of these projects to be evaluated by surface mix types and asphalt performance grades. Traffic in the form of 18,000 lb equivalent single axle loads was determined for the projects to evaluate fatigue and rutting as well as compare section performance to the design procedure. The research team reviewed plans, design procedures, and specifications to determine best practices and identify where improvements might be made. Data showed that the use of stone matrix asphalt surface mixtures and mixes using PGXX-28 asphalt binders provides improved performance. Overall, rubblizing has shown good to excellent performance. To provide additional life with improved performance, recommendations include adopting softer asphalt grades, increasing the use of stone matrix asphalt, and improving procedures for protecting culverts.

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STRESS RESPONSE AND INITIAL STIFFNESS OF SIDE PLATE CONNECTIONS TO WCFT COLUMNS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, settembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.3.9.

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To study the mechanism of load transfer in double-side-plate connections between I-beams and wall-type concrete-filled steel tubular columns, a pseudo-static experiment and finite element analysis were conducted for two full-scaled specimens. The results revealed that the primary load was transmitted along an S-shaped path in the side plate, and the primary strain occurred in an X-shaped region between the left and right steel beam flanges. The shear force in the steel beam web was transmitted first to the side plate centre and then to the joint area, where the side plate, steel tube web, and concrete all resisted the internal force. Based on principal component methods, a calculation formula was established for initial rotational stiffness that comprehensively considers the influence of the tensions, compression, and shear deformation of the cover plate, side plate, and web. Comparing this formula with an existing model showed that the proposed formula is suitable for new types of side plate joints. Moreover, it can accurately calculate the initial rotational stiffness of the joint, thus providing a reliable basis for future engineering design.

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CAE Correlation of Sealing Pressure of a Press-in-Place Gasket. SAE Imposter, aprile 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0299.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

The Press-in-Place (PIP) gasket is a static face seal with self-retaining feature, which is used for the mating surfaces of engine components to maintain the reliability of the closed system under various operating conditions. Its design allows it to provide enough contact pressure to seal the internal fluid as well as prevent mechanical failures. Insufficient sealing pressure will lead to fluid leakage, consequently resulting in engine failures. A test fixture was designed to simulate the clamp load and internal pressure condition on a gasket bolted joint. A Sensor pad using TEKSCAN equipment was used to capture the overall and local pressure distribution of the PIP gasket under various engine loading conditions. Then, the Sensor pad test results were compared with simulated CAE results from computer models. Through the comparisons, it is found that the gasket sealing pressure of test data and CAE data show good correlation for bolt load condition 500N when compared to internal pressure side load condition of 0.138 MPa & 0.276 MPa. Moreover, the gasket cross-sectional pressure distribution obtained by experimental tests and CAE models correlated very well with R2 ranging from 90 to 99% for all load cases. Both CAE and Sensor pad test results shows increase in sealing pressure when internal side pressure is applied to the gasket seal.

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