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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Land reform – Government policy – Kenya"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 7 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Land reform – Government policy – Kenya"

Achiba, Gargule A., e Monica N. Lengoiboni. "Devolution and the politics of communal tenure reform in Kenya". African Affairs 119, n. 476 (25 maggio 2020): 338–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adaa010.

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Abstract Increased legal access and the devolution of natural resource administration are generally seen as sources of power for local communities and their institutions. However, beyond this widely held expectation, the politics of land reform suggest that legal recognition of rights and devolution is not the only issue with implications for communal tenure reforms. Misconceptions about communal tenure, which are rooted in history, and their appropriation by local elites in the processes of communal tenure reform are characteristic of both colonial and post-colonial governments in Kenya. Although typically articulated and promulgated to enhance political representation and to devolve control over resources to the local level, unresolved issues in the reform process have worked to undermine the legitimacy of communal land rights in contemporary Kenyan society. A case study of the post-2010 community land legislation process demonstrates the continuing relevance of historically conditioned political and ideological representations of communal tenure built during the colonial period and reproduced in policy in independent Kenya. This paper offers reflections on the centrality of sustained communal tenure misconceptions, fetishization of formal governance institutions, and the institutional and power configurations that primarily benefit powerful stakeholders as sources of the current breakdown in the implementation of community land law.

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Mackenzie, Fiona. "Land and territory: the interface between two systems of land tenure, Murang'a District, Kenya". Africa 59, n. 1 (gennaio 1989): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160765.

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Introduction: ‘Land Reform’ and Rural SecurityThe objective of this paper is to examine the nature of the interface between two systems of land tenure in an area of smallholdings, Murang'a District, Central Province, Kenya. The first, the ng'undu system, evolved in the fertile, dissected plateau area east of the Nyandarua Range since the Kikuyu migrated there in the early seventeenth century (Muriuki, 1974: 62–82; Government of Kenya, 1929: 6); the second, a freehold system of individual land tenure, was introduced by the colonial state in the mid-1950s as a political instrument to counter the force of Mau Mau (Lamb, 1974; Leys, 1975). The latter system, it was intended, would replace the former, thereby laying the basis for an intensification of African agriculture which was also, under the Swynnerton Plan, to include production for the urban and export markets (Heyer, 1981; House and Killick, 1983). Commitment to this same principle continues to inform present agricultural policy (Government of Kenya, 1984a, Kenya Development Plan 1984–1988, p. 187; 1986,: 88).

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Boye, Saafo Roba, e Randi Kaarhus. "Competing Claims and Contested Boundaries: Legitimating Land Rights in Isiolo District, Northern Kenya". Africa Spectrum 46, n. 2 (agosto 2011): 99–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971104600204.

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People from five different ethnic groups share the territory that is Isiolo District, situated in northern Kenya. This article gives an account of the different groups’ claims to land in this inter-ethnic setting, which is located in the border area of the vast drylands southeast of the Sahara. Presenting contemporary claims in a narrative form, the authors illustrate how these claims seek legitimacy through reference to historical processes, to first-comer status and to former governments’ decisions, to citizenship dues, as well as to “tribal” group rights. Taking into account the fact that the broader constitutional, political and social contexts related to these narratives and claims are, at present, in a state of transition, the article seeks to situate the local people's perspectives and local land dynamics within broader discourses on land conflict and land policy reform in Africa. In this way, it also provides context for the series of new inter-ethnic clashes that took place in Isiolo District in 2011.

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Sambu, D. K., e A. Tarhule. "Institutional water reforms in Kenya: an analytical review". Water Policy 15, n. 5 (8 luglio 2013): 777–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2013.168.

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This paper reviews institutional reforms in the Kenyan water sector and their effect on water access. Despite a long history of reforms, a large proportion of the population still lacks access to water. The review showed that reforms during the colonial period gave the colonial government full control of land and water to satisfy the imperial quest for plantation agriculture and further limited water access to the locals through legislative fiat. After independence, the reforms initiated under ‘African Socialism’ to enhance equity that was severely neglected during the colonial period were adversely affected by global financial crisis of the 1980s. Similarly, the global initiative to ensure ‘water for all’ by 1990 was affected by a similar crisis and the subsequent introduction of neo-liberal policies in the country. The most recent reforms (initiated in 2000) are meant to reduce poverty and promote sustainable development in order to meet the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. The paper shows that by pegging its initiatives on global targets and foreign aid, Kenya has changed its policies and institutions to reflect the global trend several times. This has adversely affected the smooth continuity of policy process in the country.

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Manji, Ambreena. "The Politics of Land Reform in Kenya 2012". African Studies Review 57, n. 1 (aprile 2014): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2014.8.

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Abstract:This article provides a critique of the final stages of Kenya’s land law reform process, which has resulted in the approval of the 2012 Land Act, Land Registration Act, and National Land Commission Act. It argues that in spite of the constitutional and political importance of the new legislation, the process was marked by haste, lack of engagement by legislators, and little participation by citizens. The new laws can be viewed as a deeply disappointing outcome of a decade’s struggle over land policy. The article explores the effects of the constitutional deadlines for new legislation; the contradictory role of civil society in relation to the new laws and the bureaucratic structures they create; and the redistributive intentions and potential of the new land legislation.

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VYZDRYK, Vitalii, e Oleksandra MELNYK. "AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF THE WEST UKRAINIAN PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC GOVERNMENT". Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 32 (2019): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2019-32-211-221.

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The article covers the preconditions and features of the agrarian reform in Western Ukraine. The land question is characterized since it demanded quick actions of the government in the legislative field because of the war with Poland. In the article, the regulatory framework is investigated, which regulated the powers of the authority and administration in the agricultural sphere. Legislative resolution of the land issue for farmers would help to rebuild the destroyed farms, which would be extremely important for the future state. The purpose of the study is to justify the preconditions for land reform, its significance for the Galician peasantry, and the adoption of a legislative framework. The agrarian reform was in charge of the State Secretariat of Land Affairs, and its responsibilities included the preparation and control of land tenure reform. He was subordinated to the district referendums at the state county commissariats, who gradually grew into the land division. The methodological basis for scientific research is the principles of scientific cognition, historicism, and objectivity; both general scientific and special methods of cognition were used to study the main methodological principles and aspects of this theme. It is shown the content of the agrarian reform and its ethnopolitical direction, highlighted the role of the land management system in the economic development of the village, considered the policy of the leading Ukrainian parties concerning the agrarian question. Keywords West Ukrainian People’s Republic, agrarian reform, Ukrainian National Council, agricultural legislation.

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Johannes, Wilm. "The Significance of the Agrarian reform in Nicaragua". Journal of Social and Development Sciences 5, n. 3 (30 settembre 2014): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v5i3.814.

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The term "land reform" is in Nicaragua often-times presented as a feature only associated with the government of the Frente Sandinista de LiberaciÃ³n Nacional (FSLN) of the 1980s (see for example Rocha, 2010; â€œLand reform reformed,â€ 1997; Zalkin, 1990), yet in this article I argue that some type of land redistribution has been the policy of all governments both before and after the 1980s, and that this process continues during the current FSLN government, but that the direction and the magnitude of the redistribution has changed significantly over time. One needs to understand this history and the considerations about Nicaraguans make about previous land redistribution patterns in order to make sense of what land ownership means in this country. While the land reform of the 1980s was the most direct redistribution, this article argues that land reform in favor of small-scale producers has been taken up again after 2007, even though it does not form part of official government policy. At the same time other factors seem to be if more importance in lowering economic differences.

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Ochieng, Pamela Atieno. "REFORM AGENDA AND EDUCATIONAL POLICY IN KENYA: CIRCA 21st CENTURY". Problems of Education in the 21st Century 51, n. 1 (15 marzo 2013): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/13.51.83.

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This study examined the reform Agenda and the educational policy in Kenya with regard to the secondary school sector in Eldoret municipality. The study was based on the social systems theory as advanced by Newstrom (1993). The research adopted an exploratory survey design. The target population was the principals in secondary schools, the student governing council, teachers and parents. The sample was selected using proportionate stratified random sampling and purposive sampling. Data was collected by use of questionnaires, interview schedules, and observation schedule. Descriptive statistics, (percentages, frequency distribution tables and graphic representations) were used in data analysis and interpretation of data. The significance of the study lies in the fact that reform agenda in education with regard to educational policy is aimed at creating equal opportunity for all learners in Kenya. The study findings revealed that the education opportunities at secondary school level are unevenly distributed, ranking of schools based on performance create discrimination. The admission criteria have created a rift rather than promote unity, and that affirmative action in the education sector has led to inequalities. The study concludes that, the government of Kenya needs to redirect some public resources for education from the wealthiest people to the poor population. Concludes that unless the regional differences are considered educational policies will always replicate social injustices. Key words: education, policy, social injustices, regional disparity.

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Hope, Kempe Ronald. "Managing the Public Sector in Kenya: Reform and Transformation for Improved Performance". Journal of Public Administration and Governance 2, n. 4 (8 gennaio 2013): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v2i4.2751.

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Public sector reform remains a necessary and on-going policy objective for many developing countries. In Kenya, this is being done to overhaul its administrative system to better serve the needs of both government and the citizenry with improved delivery of public services to reduce poverty, improve livelihoods, and sustain good governance. Although the first attempts at the reform and transformation of the public sector in Kenya began in 1965, it was not until the early 1990s that serious efforts were made toward the reform and transformation of the country’s public sector management. This work analytically examines and reviews the public sector reform and transformation efforts in Kenya to improve public sector performance and overall public service delivery.

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Xu, Jiabo, e Xingping Wang. "Reversing Uncontrolled and Unprofitable Urban Expansion in Africa through Special Economic Zones: An Evaluation of Ethiopian and Zambian Cases". Sustainability 12, n. 21 (6 novembre 2020): 9246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219246.

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Despite the growing attention on uncontrolled and unprofitable urban sprawling in many African countries, few pragmatic solutions have been raised or effectively implemented. While uncontrolled and unprofitable urban expansions happened primarily due to poor land use management and dysfunctional land market, the cost of land management enforcement and reform is high. This paper suggests that the recently re-emerging special economic zones (SEZs) in Africa could be a practical way of using government intervention to reduce uncontrolled urban expansion and optimize urban land use. By evaluating the spatial impacts of two SEZs on their host cities in Ethiopia and Zambia, this paper demonstrates that SEZs could notably change urban expansion in terms of its speed, direction, and spatial structure. By using SEZs as an experimental area for land policy reform, the government can also effectively unlock a profitable urban development model with the functional primary and secondary land market. However, the diverging results in Ethiopia and Zambia also show that the optimizing effect can be significant only when the government is participatory and can fulfil its public function, including delivering proper planning in advance, lunching land policy reform, and even executing compulsory land acquisition for public interests.

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Tesi sul tema "Land reform – Government policy – Kenya"

Wales, Liezl Jo-Ann. "Land restitution : the experiences in Kenya and Zimbabwe compared : lessons for South Africa". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52912.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Land has been the revolutionary metaphor for wealth and power in the world and even more so in Africa. Ideally, land reform in Africa should therefore, contribute to social and economic progress and ultimately result in social equity as well as increased agricultural productivity. This study was devoted to the history of colonialism and the meaning and birth of land reform policies after colonialism. Moreover, to familiarise the reader with the various meanings and issues concerning land reform particularly in Kenya and Zimbabwe. The outcome of the study was to provoke further discussion on the need for land reform in other developing countries, especially South Africa, as well as to investigate whether colonialism created certain land ownership patterns that had harmful effects on the political and economic climate after independence in Kenya and Zimbabwe. Kenya has been unable to establish a sustainable land reform programme since independence. Ethnic clashes in the early 1990's were seen as a continuation of a battle to recognise the existence of property rights. The contributing factor to the conflict was the fact that the political leadership in Kenya was the direct beneficiary of land reform policies. Furthermore, the uncontrolled privatisation of public land only resulted in economic and agricultural decay. The Kenyan experience provides no evidence of increase in agricultural production, but inevitably resulted in social and economic inequalities and the emergence of significant landlessness, which was a result of the inadequacy of government, to provide credit as was initially proposed. Zimbabwe faces the painful reality that its political revolutions have only brought them halfway to true independence. The objective for Zimbabwe was to establish a functional socialist economy where decision making would be under political control in order to bring about the drastic redistribution of wealth from whites to blacks and to become independent form capitalists. The importance of land in Zimbabwe did not so much lie in the social and economic inequalities, but rather the inability to access land, accompanied by a growing overpopulation, landlessness, land deterioration and escalating poverty in the black areas parallel with severe under-utilisation of land in the white farming areas. This study concludes that African governmental land reform programmes have had mixed success. The complex nature of the liberation struggles in Africa, created diverse post-independence governmental systems. However, some former colonies illustrate certain common underlying issues such as the fact that years after independence, land remains one of the key unresolved issues in both Kenya and Zimbabwe, as well as in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gesien in die lig dat grond die revolusionêre metafoor van rykdom en mag in die wêreld, nog te meer in Afrika is, sal dit ideaal wees indien grondhervorming in Afrika kan bydra tot sosiale en ekonomiese bevordering en uiteindelik kan uitloop in sosiale gelykheid asook toename in landbou produktiwiteit. Hierdie studie was toegewy aan die geskiedenis van kolonialisme en die betekenis en oorsprong van grondhervormingsbeleide na kolonialisme, asook om die leser in te lig oor menings en uitgangspunte rakende grondhervorming, spesifiek in Kenya en Zimbabwe. Die doel van die studie was om verdere besprekings oor die behoefte vir grondhervorming in ander ontwikkelende lande, veral Suid-Afrika, uit te lok. Verder om te ondersoek of kolonialisme sekere grondeienaarskappatrone veroorsaak het wat negatiewe effekte op die politieke en ekonomiese klimaat in Kenya en Zimbabwe, na onafhanklikheidswording, veroorsaak het. Kenya is, sedert onafhanklikheidswording, nog nie in staat om 'n volhoudbare grondhervormingsprogram daar te stel nie. Etniese botsings in die vroeë 1990's was gesien as 'n voortsetting van 'n geveg om die bestaan van eiendomsregte te erken. Die bydraende faktor tot die konflik was die feit dat die politieke leierskap in Kenya direkte begunstigdes van die grondhervormingsbeleide was. Verder het onbeheerde privatisering van openbare grond ekonomiese en landbou verval tot gevolg gehad. Die Kenya ondervinding voorsien geen bewyse van toename in landbou produktiwiteit nie, maar het onvermydelik sosiale en ekonomiese ongelykhede en die ontstaan van merkwaardige grondloosheid tot gevolg gehad as gevolg van die onvermoeë van die regering om krediet te voorsien soos aanvanklik voorgestel was. Zimbabwe staar die pynlike realiteit in die oë dat hul politieke revolusies hulle slegs halfpad tot ware onafhanklikheid gebring het. Die doel vir Zimbabwe was om 'n funksionele sosialistiese ekonomie daar te stel waar besluitneming onder politieke beheer sou wees om sodanig drastiese herverdeling van rykdom vanaf blankes na swartes, asook onafhanklikheid van kapitaliste, te bewerkstellig. Die belangrikheid van grond het nie soveel in die sosiale en ekonomiese ongelykhede gelê nie, maar liewer in die onvermoë om grond te bekom tesame met 'n toenemende oorbevolking, grondloosheid, grondverarming en toenemende armoede in swart gebiede. 'n Bydraende faktor was die uiterse onderbenutting van grond in blanke boerdery gebiede. In samevatting wys hierdie studie dat grondhervormingsprogramme van regerings in Afrika gemengde sukses behaal het. Die kompleksiteit van die bevrydingstryde in Afrika het uiteenlopende post-onafhanklike regeringstelsels tot stand gebring. Nietemin, illustreer somige voormalige kolonies sekere algemene onderliggende uitgangspunte, onder andere die feit dat grond, jare na onafhanklikheid, steeds een van die belangrikste onopgeloste vraagstukke in beide Kenya en Zimbabwe, sowel as Suid-Afrika is.

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Metcalfe, Simon Christopher. "Communal land reform in Zambia: governance, livelihood and conservation". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1409_1242373575.

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Communal land tenure reform in Zambia is the overarching subject of study in this thesis. It is an important issue across southern Africa, raising questions of governance, livelihood security and conservation. WIldlife is a 'fugitive' and 'mobile' resource that traverses the spatially fixed tenure of communal lands, national parks and public forest reserves. The management of wildlife therefore requires that spatially defined proprietorial rights accommodate wildlife's temporal forage use. Land may bebounded in tenure, but if bounded by fences its utility as wildlife habitat is undermined. If land is unfenced, but its landholder cannot use wildlife then it is more a liability than an asset. Africa's terrestrial wildlife has enormous biodiversity value but its mobility requires management collaboration throughout its range, and the resolution of conflicting ecological and economic management scales. The paper does not aim to describe and explain the internal communal system of tenure over land and natural resources but rather how the communal system interacts with the state and the private sector.

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Cheng, Yuk-shing. "China's grain economy : problems and prospects under economic reform". HKBU Institutional Repository, 1992. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/9.

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Goodhope, Ruswa. "A study on the impact of governance on land reform in Zimbabwe". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6187_1183989303.

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Land ownership, control and reform have been some of the most contentious issues in contemporary Zimbabwe. The land question has generated a lot of emotional debate and there is a general consensus that it represents a critical dimension to the crisis the country is going through. This thesis intended to offer some insights into the modus operandi and outcomes of land reform in the country.

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Sarimana, Ashley. "A precarious balance: consequences of Zimbabwe's fast-track land reform". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006198.

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This thesis is a detailed account of Zimbabwe's controversial fast-track land reform programme. Zimbabwe's land reform history has been discussed extensively, with a focus on land redistribution. The fast-track land reform programme transferred eleven million hectares of land from 4 000 white commercial farmers to 51 543 landless peasant families. The thesis begins by offering some land reform theories and gives an overview of the land question in Southern Africa. This is followed by a discussion of Zimbabwe's land question from a historical perspective. Next is a periodised account of the successes and failures of land reform attempts made by the Zimbabwean government from independence in 1980 to 1998 when the fast-track land reform programme was conceived. Zimbabwe's political and economic situation at this time is significant. The context for fast-track land reform includes a discussion about the national question in Zimbabwe and the deteriorating status of white citizenship; the rise of Zimbabwe's liberation war veterans as a formidable force and the formation of the Movement for Democratic Change as a strong political party that was challenging, among others, the dominance of the ruling Zanu-PF party and its policies. The blueprint for fast-track land reform is discussed in order to contrast it to how the reform unfolded in practice. In this regard, the response of the international community to the violence and lawlessness that characterised fast-track land reform is worth mentioning, especially since it has bearing on how Zimbabweans are trying to cope with life in a radically altered physical and social environment, following the land reform exercise. The consequences of fast-track land reform are analysed in terms of development and the plight of Zimbabwe's farm workers; the internal displacement of hundreds of thousands of farm workers, white commercial farmers and others in Zimbabwe's countryside and whether or not fast-track land reform beneficiaries can successfully engage in agriculture to improve their standard of living. The Vumba and Burma Valley case study is illustrative of how fasttrack land reform was implemented and its socio-economic impact on Zimbabwe's poor and marginalised groups, for instance, female farm workers. The case study offers valuable insights about the survival strategies that ordinary people affected by the land reform exercise are adopting in order to cope with their new circumstances. Data was gathered from a focus group discussion (pilot study), in-depth semi-structured interviews and observation on three farms, as well as interviews with a few government officials, government documents and newspaper reports. The study is useful to countries that are planning or already implementing land reform, for example, South Africa.

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Ntsholo, Lubabalo. "Land dispossession and options for restitution and development :a case study of the Moletele Land Claim in Hoedspruit, Limpopo Province". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3761_1297936074.

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The study adopted qualitative research methods because the issues to be researched are complex social matters. The approach was three-pronged. Firstly, a desktop assessment of the claim was done. Secondly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with selected households in the community to understand their experiences after dispossession and their perception of the restitution claim. Thirdly, a combination of desktop analysis and household interviews was employed to understand the socio-economic dynamics and evaluate the feasibility of the community&rsquo
s perceptions.

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Di, Matteo Francesca. "Decolonising Property in Kenya? : Tracing Policy Processes of Kenyan Contemporary Land Reform (1990s - 2016). A Study of the Politicization of Decision-Making in Historical Perspective". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0068.

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En se concentrant sur les processus de fabrication des politiques publiques, cette thèse met en lumière le fonctionnement de l'Etat, les liens entre les politiques et la politique et les conditions du changement politique. Cette étude explore les dispositions les plus cruciales de la réforme foncière contemporaine au Kenya. Celle-ci tente de décoloniser la propriété en résolvant les injustices historiques aux racines coloniales, en émancipant les institutions foncières du système bureaucratique centralisé d'administration foncière (lui-même hérité de la période coloniale). La thèse analyse les processus décisionnels qui sous-tendent les dispositions de la Politique Foncière Nationale (document parlementaire n° 3 de 2009) et de la Constitution de 2010 qui, toutes deux, reconnaissent les « terres communautaires » comme « les terres [qui] appartiennent et sont détenues par les communautés » (article 63, paragraphe 1, Republic of Kenya, 2010:44). Il est également établi une Commission Foncière Nationale afin de réformer les institutions de gouvernance foncière (article 46, idem: 46). La première partie de la thèse reconstitue, depuis l'époque coloniale, les processus de l'élaboration des politiques foncières et des structures de gouvernance foncière au Kenya. Les parties suivantes retracent les processus contemporains de fabrication des innovations juridico-institutionnelles de la réforme foncière en étudiant les interactions entre les acteurs. L’analyse du fonctionnement des réseaux transnationaux illustre les processus de circulation des idées et leur institutionnalisation dans les arènes politiques. L'analyse des processus politiques met en lumière le rôle des bailleurs de fonds dans l'impulsion des réseaux transnationaux et la promotion de certains répertoires d'actions des mouvements sociaux kenyans afin d'influencer la prise de décision. Pourtant, l'analyse du processus dans sa globalité démontre l'importance des luttes de pouvoir partisanes ainsi que celle des processus contingents de traduction des intérêts et des positions idéologiques des acteurs lorsqu'ils s'affrontent dans l’arène politique. La politisation de ces traductions consiste à requalifier les relations sociales en termes de transactions politiques qui déterminent la trajectoire du changement politique. Les intérêts économiques et politiques dominent la phase de promulgation de la législation, bien que l'arbitrage final qui aboutit à l'acceptation de la notion de propriété communautaire comme traduction ultime de la « terre communautaire » illustre également le poids des pratiques institutionnelles, des normes sociales et des cartes mentales produites historiquement, et donc un certain échec du projet de décoloniser la propriété au Kenya
By focusing on processes of manufacturing of public policies this study sheds light on the functioning of the state, the links between policies and politics, the conditions of policy change, and ultimately of the relations between state, ‘civil society organizations’ and donors and more generally the governanceof an African country. It explores the most crucial provisions of contemporary land reform in Kenya as they attempt to decolonize property bysolving historical injustices that have colonial roots, emancipating land instituions from the centralized bureaucratic and politically porous land administration system that is itself a colonial legacy. The dissertation analyzes decision-making processes underlying provisions of the National Land Policy (Sessional Paper No.3 of 2009) and 2010 Constitution acknowledging “community land” as “land [that] shall vest in and be held by communities” (Art.63 (1), RoK, 2010:44) and establishing National Land Commission in order to reform land governance structures (Art. 46, Idem: 46). Part I of the dissertation reconstructs historical processes dating back to colonial times (with few insights into pre-colonial configurations) of making of land policies and land institutionsin Kenya. Part II and Part III trace contemporary processes of fabrication ofland reform’s legal-institutional innovations by analyzing actors’ interactions. The study empirically illustrates the functioning of transnational networks and exemplifies processes of ideas’ circulation and their institutionalization in policy arenas. Analysis of participatory processes within the policy-making illustrates the process of politicization of community land claims translating into the interest of elitist groups, representatives of ‘imagined’ communities, in acquiring absolute and exclusive proprietorship of so-called ancestral territories. Analysis of policy processes delves into the role of donor agencies in thrusting transnational networks, imprinting repertoires of actions upon Kenyan social movements with the intent of influencing decision-making. Yet multi-stream analysis demonstrates the importance of partisan power struggles and relevance of contingent processes of translations of actors’ interests and ideological stances as they confront each other within policy arenas. The politicization of these translations consists in the requalification of social relations in terms of political transactions ultimately determining the trajectory of policy change. Economic and political interests are strikingly dominant during the enactment phase of legislation making (studied in Part III of the dissertation), though the final arbitration resulting in the acceptance of the notion of community ownership as ultimate translation of ‘community land’ exemplifies the weight of historically produced institutional practices, social norms and mental maps. Against this particular background, the process of policy change is better understood via the analysis of the interlocking of scales positing historical and political production of community ownership in Kenya. This notion is better understood by the concomitant action of emergence and consolidation of localized struggles historically produced by Kenyan land politics promoting territorial control and dispossessions, on one side, and national processes of legal land reforms politicizing and endorsing community land claims, on the other side

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Van, Rooyen Jonathan. "Land reform in South Africa: effects on land prices and productivity". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002721.

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South Africa’s land redistribution policy (1994-2008) has been widely publicised, and has come under scrutiny of late from the public, private and government spheres, highlighting a need for research in this area. The research examines progress in South Africa’s land redistribution programme in two of KwaZulu-Natal’s district municipalities, Uthungulu and iLembe. Specifically the research investigates whether the government has paid above market prices when purchasing sugarcane farmland for redistribution in these districts. Moreover, it is illustrated how productivity on redistributed farms has been affected with the changes in ownership. To investigate the research questions, reviews of theories pertaining to property rights, land reform and market structures were conducted. Moreover, two cases studies were conducted in the districts of Uthungulu and iLembe, with assistance from the Department of Land Affairs, Inkezo Land Company and the South African Cane Growers Association. The case study data indicate that above ordinary market prices have been paid (2004-2006) by the government for sugarcane farmland in the districts concerned, and further that productivity has been negatively impacted ‘during’ and ‘post‘ transfer, in the majority of cases.

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Mathiane, Makwena T. "The influence of ideology upon land policy of the post apartheid government of the Republic of South Africa, 1994 - 2004". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/786.

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Thesis (M.A. (Political Science))--University of Limpopo, 2007
Since 1913 black South Africans have been forcefully dispossessed of land under the racist land laws of the successive white South African governments. In 1994 the black government began to pass land laws that were supposed to provide blacks with land ownership rights. Ten years later blacks have re-claimed less than four percent of the eighty seven percent of the land they were dispossessed of. The failure to return dispossessed land to blacks is attributed to the ideology of the current government with respect to its land policy. This study attempts to fill the void regarding the ideological implications of the land reform policy of the post-apartheid government. We speculate that neo-liberal implications are dominant within this policy. Social democracy can overcome the failure of the policy as it is cost-effective and efficient and attempts to achieve social justice. It can therefore afford dispossessed and landless blacks land ownership.

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Chakona, Loveness. "Fast track land reform programme and women in Goromonzi district, Zimbabwe". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003105.

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From the year 2000, land became the key signifier for tackling the unfinished business of the decolonisation process in Zimbabwe, notably by rectifying the racially-based land injustices of the past through land redistribution. This took the form of the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP). However, the racialised character and focus of the FTLRP tended to mask or at least downplay important gender dimensions to land in Zimbabwe. Colonial and post-colonial Zimbabwe (up to 2000) had instigated, propagated and reproduced land ownership, control and access along a distinctively patriarchal basis which left women either totally excluded or incorporated in an oppressive manner. This patriarchal structuring of the land question was rooted in institutions, practices and discourses. Although a burgeoning number of studies have been undertaken on the FTLRP, few have had a distinctively gender focus in seeking to identify, examine and assess the effect of the programme on patriarchal relations and the socio-economic livelihoods of rural women. This thesis makes a contribution to filling this lacuna by offering an empirically-rich study of land redistribution in one particular district in Zimbabwe, namely, Goromonzi District. This entails a focus on women on A1 resettlement farms in the district (and specifically women who came from nearby customary areas) and on women who continue to live in customary areas in the district. My thesis concludes that the FTLRP is seriously flawed in terms of addressing and tackling the patriarchal structures that underpin the Zimbabwean land question.

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Libri sul tema "Land reform – Government policy – Kenya"

Alila, Patrick O. Dynamics, problems, and policies: Rural landlessness in Kenya. Nairobi: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1993.

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Carter, Michael R. Tenure security for whom?: Differential impacts of land policy in Kenya. Madison, Wis: Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1991.

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Zimbabwe. Land Reform and Resettlement Programme. [Harare]: The Government, 1998.

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Baranyi, Stephen. Transforming land-related conflict: Policy, practice and possibilities : policy brief. Ottawa, ON: North-South Institute, 2006.

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Copperbelt University. Institute of Consultancy, Applied Research, and Extension, a cura di. Land policy and reform: The Moses Kaunda memorial lectures. Kitwe, Zambia: Copperbelt University, Institute of Consultancy, Applied Research & Extension Studies, 2001.

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Westaway, Ashley. Land and local government. Braamfontein, Johannesburg: Land and Agriculture Policy Centre, 1995.

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Land policies for inclusive growth. New Delhi: Published in collaboration with Council for Social Development and Rural Development Institute by Concept Pub. Co., 2012.

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Entwicklungspolitik, Deutsches Institut für, a cura di. Poverty oriented irrigation policy in Kenya: Empirical results and suggestions for reform. Bonn: DIE, 2007.

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Kanyinga, Karuti. Struggles of access to land: The "squatter question" in coastal Kenya. Copenhagen, Denmark: Centre for Development Research, 1998.

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Kanyinga, Karuti. Struggles of access to land: The land question, accumulation, and changing politics in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1996.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Land reform – Government policy – Kenya"

Di Matteo, Francesca. "The Politicisation of Land Policy Reform in Contemporary Kenya". In Kenya in Motion 2000-2020, 199–222. Africae, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.africae.2510.

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Obayelu, Abiodun Elijah, Kamilu Kolade Bolarinwa e Olalekan Oyekunle. "Political Economy of Land Policy Reform and Governance in Nigeria". In Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability, 213–30. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4817-2.ch014.

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Land is the most important asset of farmers that plays an indispensable role in agricultural production. Nigerian land system has strong social and cultural attraction making it difficult to separate from political, social, cultural, and economic effects. Politics and the process of politicking influence the course and outcome of government decision on land policy. This study examines the political economy of agricultural land policy reforms and governance in Nigeria. The study used a combination of methods, such as expository, comparative, and case analysis. Findings showed that land issues are delicate, demanding careful attention to avoid social or political conflicts. Politicization of land is a major cause of land dispute but with good land governance, land policy reform become easier to implement. Political will of government is crucial for land policy to succeed. Transparent, fair, and equitable land policy is necessary to continue on the path of peace, stability, and increase agricultural productivity.

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Offner, Amy C. "Land Reform in Local Hands and Local Minds". In Sorting Out the Mixed Economy, 50–78. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691190938.003.0003.

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This chapter describes the Cauca Valley Corporations (CVC) that performed the iconic functions of the developmental state, giving the national government unprecedented reach and power. The autonomous corporation was in fact the public authority that administered Colombia's 1961 land reform law in one of Latin America's richest agricultural regions. No policy more powerfully symbolized the promise of mid-century developmentalism, and none depended more systematically on local intermediaries whose skills and relationships undergirded every property negotiation, cadastral survey, and forcible eviction. The CVC translated the letter of the law into facts on the ground. The CVC also interpreted the law and sealed its fate in the Cauca Valley. Crafted in the wake of the Cuban revolution, Colombia's agrarian reform aimed to show Latin Americans that capitalist development could deliver economic redistribution and social justice.

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Leonard, Carol Scott. "Rational Resistance to Land Privatization: The Behaviour of Russia’s Rural Producers in Response to Agrarian Reforms, 1861–2000". In The Economic Future in Historical Perspective. British Academy, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263471.003.0009.

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This chapter analyses rural opposition to land privatization in the post-Soviet transition era that draws explicit parallels with the resistance by Russian peasants to early twentieth-century government programmes of land reform. It focuses on the failure of the effort to extend the policy of privatization to farmland, and the collapse of marketed output from the agricultural sector's large koholz units.

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Hahn, Allison Hailey. "Maasai Online Petitions". In Media Culture in Nomadic Communities. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463723022_ch03.

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In the East African nations of Kenya and Tanzania, the Maasai have used Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to build networks of international supporters and then use those new networks to put pressure on their national governments to change land policy. This chapter examines the ways that the Maasai joined with Avaaz, an online activist network that provides organizing tools, to raise awareness of the Maasai’s problems and gather 2.25 million signatures opposing the eviction of Maasai herders from their traditional lands. Through examination of the Avaaz petition, this chapter finds that Maasai communities have formed an international network that successfully pressured the Tanzanian government to revise its policy of evictions in the name of tourism and conservation.

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Looney, Kristen E. "Rural Development in South Korea, 1950s–1970s". In Mobilizing for Development, 80–116. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501748844.003.0004.

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This chapter explains South Korea's mixed record of rural development. It begins with an overview of rural change in the postwar period and shows that agriculture did not contribute much to the overall economy or to rural household incomes because of an adverse policy environment. The situation improved in the 1970s, with noticeable gains in production, incomes, and infrastructure, although progress was uneven in each of these areas. The chapter then discusses rural institutions and the shift away from urban bias. It argues that agriculture underperformed because land reform was insufficient for long-term growth and because South Korea's rural institutions were relatively weak. The Ministry of Agriculture was low in the bureaucratic hierarchy, and its extension agencies never developed deep roots in society. The National Agricultural Cooperative Federation (NACF) in particular was qualitatively different from its counterpart in Taiwan; it was an appendage of the state that exhibited linkage but not autonomy. Rural policy was implemented in a more rigid, top-down manner, with less participation from small farmers and fewer people advocating on their behalf. The South Korean case illustrates both the strengths and weaknesses of a campaign approach to development. The New Village Movement essentially reset the priorities of every branch of government, temporarily overriding other work.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Land reform – Government policy – Kenya"

Lilian, Simiyu E., Mburu Esther e Rukunga Allan. "Drill Cuttings and Fluid Disposal; A Kenyan Case Study". In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2580389-ms.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this research paper was to explore the health, safety, sustainability and social responsibility during disposal of cutting and drilling fluids in Kenya in regard to what affects the choice of method of disposal, the Kenyan government's regulatory requirements on disposal of the drilling wastes, methods of addressing drilling wastes, ways of reducing the volume of wastes, hierarchy of drilling wastes and the pros and cons of various methods of addressing drilling wastes. A comprehensive case study of the approach taken in Kenya with regard to handling of drilling wastes was done. Description for each approach used is provided as obtained through interviews, internet and questionnaires and statistics. Complete tables and graphs are provided and the methods are described in detail to permit readers to understand all results. The choice of method of disposal is determined and affected largely by the government policy and also by economic, technical and operation conditions and barriers. Methods of disposal included injection, thermal treatment, bioremediation, land application. This paper gives the best ways of disposal. A comprehensive description of the Kenyan government regulations is given as indicated in the Kenya Gazette, NEMA and UNEP. This paper gives insight to the acceptable drilling wastes disposal practices in Kenya and are also generally largely applicable other nations. In conclusion, it was found that Kenya would benefit from passing its own laws to regulate disposal in the coming days.

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