Tesi sul tema "Language and languages Language and languages Listening"

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1

Brett, Paul Alan. "The design and evaluation of a multimedia application for second language listening comprehension". Online version, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.297607.

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Bumandalai, Ubambor. "The Development of Two Units for Basic Training and Resources for Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages: "Developing English Language Learners' Listening Skills" and "Developing English Language Learners' Speaking Skills"". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3414.

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Today, a countless number of untrained and volunteer English as a second or foreign language teachers are working throughout the world to help meet the rising need for English teachers. Many of these volunteers have little or no training in teaching English. However, Basic Training and Resources for Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (BTRTESOL) is a book and website that can be used as both a teacher-training program and a self-learning resource to help prepare these volunteer teachers. The idea for this program started with Dr. Lynn Henrichsen, who later invited a team of graduate students at Brigham Young University to work with him. This report documents the developmental process of two BTRTESOL units, namely, Unit 6A, "Developing English Language Learners' Listening Skills" and Unit 6B, "Developing English Language Learners' Speaking Skills." Both of these BTRTESOL units were designed to, first, familiarize novice and volunteer teachers with what it takes to listen and speak in a second language so that these teachers can identify the needs of their students successfully and plan and teach effectively. In addition, Unit 6A identifies several factors that make the second language listening process challenging. Unit 6B, on the other hand, describes four important characteristics of successful speaking activities. Finally, some of the most commonly used listening and speaking activities are recommended for novice and volunteer teachers to use with all levels of students. Additional resources, both print and electronic, are included at the end of each unit to help users learn more about each subject area and get additional teaching ideas.
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3

Javetz, Esther. "Effects of using guided (computer-controlled videotapes) and unguided (videotapes) listening practices on listening comprehension of novice second language learners /". The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487332636473769.

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4

Gruba, Paul Andrew. "The role of digital video media in second language listening comprehension". Online version, 1999. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1520.

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The aim of this investigation was to examine the role of visual elements in second language listening comprehension when digital video was used as a mode of presentation. Despite the widespread use of video in listening instruction, little is known at present about how learners attend to dual-coded media and, in particular, how visual elements may influence comprehension processes. (For complete abstract open document)
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5

Beukes, Vernita. "Die evaluering van 'n nuutgeskepte luisterprogram vir postbeginner studente". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1818.

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Thesis (MPhil (Afrikaans and Dutch))—University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
This study contributes to the growing field of CALL. The Authorware programme focus on postbeginner students’ listening skills in an attempt to increase the number of students that complete their studies at Stellenbosch University. The study investigates different types of listening, which forms the backbone for the accompanying programme.
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Marais, Fiona C. "An investigation into the significance of listening proficiency in the assessment of academic literacy levels at Stellenbosch University". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1636.

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Thesis (MPhil (Modern Foreign Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
Concern surrounding the low levels of academic literacy amongst incoming first year students has prompted universities and other tertiary education institutions in South Africa to implement tests of academic literacy. At Stellenbosch University, the English version of this test is known as TALL (Test of Academic Literacy Levels) and was developed to assess reading and writing abilities in an academic context. The results are used to ‘stream’ students into programmes which assist them in acquiring the various skills deemed necessary for their academic success. This study examines, on the one hand, the significance of listening in the assessment of academic literacy levels; on the other hand, it explores the potential for an academic listening test (ALT) to assist TALL in more accurate screening of students, particularly the borderline cases. The design and operationalisation of ALT is based on the theories and approaches of several researchers in the field. The study began with the compilation of the test specification and design of ALT. This was followed by empirically piloting a project where qualitative data concerning the validity of ALT was collected by means of a questionnaire. The next phase involved assessing the academic listening competency of a sample of first year university students. This assessment comprised an initial test administration followed by a second administration of the same test a month later in order to ascertain consistency of measurement over a period of time. The quantitative results obtained from both administrations were then statistically analysed to determine the reliability and validity of ALT. The final phase of the study involved the correlation of these results with those of TALL to determine the level of criterion-related validity as well as to establish whether ALT could be a useful added dimension to TALL.
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Lynch, Tony. "Grading foreign language listening comprehension materials : the use of naturally modified interaction". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19064.

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8

Fujita, Masahiro. "Developing listening comprehension competence in Japanese English as a Foreign Language Learners". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2150.

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The purpose of this project is to investigate a model for developing listening comprehension competence on the part of Japanese learners of english as a foreign language, with a view toward promoting practical and communicative english competence.
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9

Emery, Rebecca Brinck. "Spaced Versus Massed Practice in L2 German Listening Comprehension". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6295.

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Students often have a difficult time understanding native speakers of their target language. This thesis examines two theories that may help students better understand NSs: spaced versus massed practice and the use of technology to enhance input. The study had the students of four sections of German 101 at BYU, divided into a spaced practice group that watched authentic German videos five minutes a day, six days a week for seven weeks and a massed practice group that watched authentic German videos for half an hour, one day a week for seven weeks, then gave them an immediate and a delayed listening comprehension posttest to see which improved more, along with several surveys to learn more about extraneous variables and the student experience with the activity. The results showed no significant difference between the two groups, but this is likely due to the many limitations of the study. The two biggest limitations were that of the 75 potential participants, only 13 allowed for their information to be used and had usable information, and that all of those 13 participants did too well on both posttests to be able to differentiate between them, so no conclusions were able to be drawn from this study.
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10

Serreli, Valentina. "Society, languages and ideologies in the oasis of Siwa (Egypt) : listening to people's voices". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3010.

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Cette thèse constitue un travail d’ethnographie linguistique de l’oasis de Siwa, une enclave amazighe située dans le désert occidental égyptien. Après des siècles d’autonomie et d’indépendance effective de l’Égypte, Siwa a été inclue au cours du XXème siècle dans le système politique égyptien à travers un processus de changement général touchant aux aspects linguistique, politique et social. Plus récemment, elle a commencé également à (re)découvrir son appartenance à une sphère amazighe internationale. Bien que Siwa soit un terrain de recherche extrêmement intéressant, aucune étude sociolinguistique n’y a été menée jusqu’à présent. Ce travail se veut une contribution visant à combler cette lacune. La recherche adopte une approche pluridisciplinaire basée sur des outils théoriques développés en sociolinguistique et en anthropologie linguistique. Le référent théorique principal est le domaine d’étude des attitudes et idéologies linguistiques. La méthode de collecte des données combine la réalisation d’entretiens ethnographiques et l’observation participante. L’étude identifie les dynamiques d’usage linguistique dans l’oasis tout en les présentant du point de vue des locuteurs et discute les mécanismes et les idéologies qui sont à la base de leurs attitudes linguistiques. Elle suggère que la diversification sociolinguistique qui a récemment remplacé l’homogénéité à Siwa est liée à la variation des attitudes linguistiques en fonction de variables sociales données et qu’elle est observable à travers l’étude des attitudes elles-mêmes. Ce travail dépeint ainsi une communauté multiforme à un moment de transformations socio-économiques et de changement sociolinguistique en cours
The present thesis proposes a linguistic ethnography of the oasis of Siwa, an Amazigh enclave situated in the Western Egyptian desert. De facto independent for centuries, it is only during the 20th century that this area started undergoing processes of modernization and Arabization with a consequent inclusion in the national (Egyptian) and the international (Amazigh) arenas. Although representing an interesting field for sociolinguistic research, this subject has not attracted scholarly attention so far and this work is a first attempt to fill that gap.This research has a multidisciplinary approach built on sociolinguistic and linguistic anthropological theories. It falls into the field of language attitudes and ideologies’ studies, and it developed a combined method including ethnographic interviewing and participant observation. The thesis presents the dynamics of language use within the oasis from an insider perspective and discusses the mechanisms and the ideologies underlying both speakers’ practices and attitudes, arguing that the emerging differentiation of linguistic practices is related to the attitudinal variation across specific social categories, which adhere to different ideologies. The study portrays a multiform community in a phase of socio-economic transition and sociolinguistic change in progress
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Buckhoff, Michael John. "The explicit teaching of implicature to ESL students and its effect on their performance on the listening section of the Test of English as a Foreign Language". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1551.

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12

Kojima, Makiko. "Promoting listening strategies use in elementary English as a foreign language computer-assisted learning environment". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1904.

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In Japan, English education in elementary schools is still in the process of innovation. The purpose of this project is to seek the most appropriate and effective way for elementary-level students to acquire listening skills in a computer-assisted language learning (CALL) environment.
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13

Eggert, Björn. "Global English and Listening Materials : A Textbook Analysis". Thesis, Karlstad University, Karlstad University, Karlstad University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4040.

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This paper focuses on listening materials used in English language teaching in Sweden, especially in respect to the concept of global English. Global English could briefly be described as the linguistic, cultural, politic, and economic influence of English in the world. This influence concerns two aspects of English, namely the usage of English as a lingua franca in international communications, as well as the great range of English varieties that are used today. The purpose of this research is to study how varied listening materials are and how, when and why they are used in the classrooms. I conducted a two-part investigation to study these matters. The first part of the investigation focuses on teachers’ usage of listening materials and is based on a questionnaire handed out to five teachers. I found that the teachers varied much in their usage of listening materials. In the second part of the investigation I compare the listening materials provided by two Swedish textbooks on English, one from 1994 and one from 2003. Here I focus on the speakers’ varieties, rate of delivery, and instructions given for listening exercises. I found that both books featured a majority of speakers from the British Isles and America, and very few non-native speakers. The more recent book featured a larger degree of varieties outside the areas of Britain and the USA, as well as a larger degree of American English when dividing the varieties by the time these were spoken. RP (Received Pronunciation) and GA (General American) were also less dominating in the textbook from 2003. The rate of delivery was generally slower in the older textbook. The results from this investigation suggest that some changes seem to have occurred between the publishing of the two books. However, a focus on English as a lingua franca, where the aim is proficiency in efficient cross cultural communication rather than in the English spoken by native speakers,  does not seem to have influenced the textbooks studied here. It is difficult to appreciate whether or not changes like these have taken hold in Swedish classrooms, as teachers use many different listening materials and in many different ways.

 

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14

Sundelin, Mattias. "Games in Second-Language Teaching : Using Minecraft to Facilitate the Development of Reading, Listening, Writing and Speaking Skills in English". Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-37366.

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15

Rocque, Ryan K. "A Study of the Effectiveness of Annotations in Improving the Listening Comprehension of Intermediate ESL Learners". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2370.pdf.

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16

Allen, Brandon. "Identifying the Effectiveness of Pre-Listening Activities for Students of Chinese Mandarin". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2666.

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Listening has proved to be a difficult skill to teach in the language classroom. Research has shown that pre-listening activities, or those activities done with students prior to listening, can have an effect on listening comprehension outcomes. This research addressed the effectiveness of two types of pre-listening activities: top-down and bottom-up. Volunteers from intermediate level courses taught at Brigham Young University were divided into two treatment groups and a control group. The treatment groups followed a mixed models design by each going through a top-down and bottom-up pre-listening activity, followed by listening to a passage in Mandarin Chinese and taking a multiple-choice test. The bottom-up activity chosen for this research was a vocabulary preview activity, with an advance organizer being chosen for the top-down activity. Results showed both treatment groups significantly outperformed the control group for both the top-down and bottom-up activities (p=0.0123 and p=0.0181 respectively). No significant difference existed in scores between top-down and bottom-up activities (p=0.9456). It was determined that both the vocabulary activity and the advance organizer helped to increase the listening comprehension of intermediate level students of Mandarin Chinese.
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Starr, Tina Grahovac. "The German Proficiency Exam at Brigham Young University : a validation study /". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2449.pdf.

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18

Lingemyr, Jesper. "English Varieties in Swedish Upper Secondary School : An analysis of Listening Exercises in Swedish National Tests". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Engelska, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23579.

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The purpose of this project was to find out what varieties of English that Swedish upper secondary school students are exposed to in the classroom and to what extent they are exposed to different varieties. This was conducted by looking at preparation exercises for the listening part of the Swedish National Tests. These exercises are created by Göteborgs Universitet and are available online for everyone and show how the real national test will be done. By listening and analyzing every speaker’s variety they were sorted into British, American, Mid-Atlantic, Australian or New Zealand varieties. A total of 91 speakers were analyzed and the results showed that Students are exposed to mostly British English with half of the speakers using a British variety. One fourth of the speakers used American English while the rest were divided into Mid-Atlantic, Australian or New Zealand varieties.
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Yang, Chao-Chi. "The Dominant Listening Strategy of Low-Proficiency Level Learners of Mandarin Chinese: Bottom-Up Processing or Top-Down Processing". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1221.pdf.

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Thompson, Gregory Lynn. "Teacher and Student First Language and Target Language Use in the Foreign Language Classroom: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Language Choice". Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2006. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1705%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Ammouri, Quinteros Diana. "The Integration of the Four Skills in English in an Indian Classroom : A study of the integration of speaking, listening, reading and writing in the English classroom in a primary school in Vadodara, India". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för språkdidaktik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-121436.

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The aim of this study and field trip is to study how English as a second language is taught in a school in India. The focus will be on the materials used during the lessons and how they are used by the teacher. My concentration will be on a primary school in Vadodara, Gujarat in India and my delimitation will be on English learned as a second language in a governmental school.  The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze how English teachers in local government schools in Vadodara, Gujarat focus on the integration of the four skills; speaking, listening, reading and writing during the English lessons. I have gathered data through interviews, observations and through the material used during the lesson. The results of the empirical findings are that even though the government has specific goals, focusing on the teaching of the four skills, for the schools these goals cannot be attained. These goals can be found in the syllabus which is presented in the theoretical background of the essay. Even though the teachers state that they can use different materials teaching English, the only material used in the classroom is the textbook and all the lessons are based on it. To be able to "pronounce English words and word-clusters and sentences occurring in the text; correctly" was a speaking goal that was difficult for the students to attain. The reason for that may be because of the teachers’ lack of proficiency in the English language.
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Chung, Hyun-sook. "Interrelationships among prior knowledge, prior beliefs, and language proficiency in second language listening comprehension /". Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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23

Hu, Guiling. "Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Second Language Listening Comprehension". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/alesl_diss/11.

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This dissertation research investigates the cognitive mechanisms underlying second language (L2) listening comprehension. I use three types of sentential contexts, congruent, neutral and incongruent, to look at how L2 learners construct meaning in spoken sentence comprehension. The three types of contexts differ in their context predictability. The last word in a congruent context is highly predictable (e.g., Children are more affected by the disease than adults), the last word in a neutral context is likely but not highly predictable (e.g., Children are more affected by the disease than nurses), and the last word in an incongruent context is impossible (e.g., Children are more affected by the disease than chairs). The study shows that, for both native speakers and L2 learners, a consistent context facilitates word recognition. In contrast, an inconsistent context inhibits native speakers’ word recognition but not that of L2 learners. I refer to this new discovery as the facilitation-without-inhibition phenomenon in L2 listening comprehension. Results from follow-up experiments show that this facilitation-without-inhibition phenomenon is a result of insufficient suppression by L2 learners.
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Buck, Gary. "The testing of second language listening comprehension". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279645.

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Kim, Dongkyoo. "An exploration of listening comprehension linked to authentic input and language learning strategies in a second language /". Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Zeeland, Hilde van. "Second language vocabulary knowledge in and from listening". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659194.

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Second language listening and vocabulary knowledge are closely related: vocabulary knowledge is required for successful listening, and listening is a prime vehicle for the acquisition of vocabulary. However, a look at the literature reveals surprisingly little research on both sides of this relationship. This thesis attempts to contribute to filling this gap by exploring both in turn. Studies 1 and 2 explore vocabulary knowledge in listening. Study 1 assesses learners' knowledge of the meaning of isolated word forms, and compares this to their knowledge of these same words in written and spoken context (i.e. in reading and listening tasks). This reveals a gap between knowledge of isolated and contextualised words, as well as between knowledge in the two modalities. Study 2 directly compares knowledge of isolated written and spoken word forms, which shows more similarities between the two than found by previous research. It also assesses knowledge of these same spoken word forms in context (i.e. continuous speech), and again finds a gap between knowledge of isolated and contextualised spoken vocabulary. Studies 3 and 4 focus on vocabulary knowledge from listening. Few studies have explored the incidental learning of vocabulary from listening, or how listeners go about inferring the meaning of unknown words. Study 3 assesses Ll and L2 listeners' success in inferencing word meaning, and also considers several variables that might affect their success. Study 4 measures L2 listeners' acquisition of vocabulary through spoken input. It takes a more thorough approach than previous research, in that it assesses the learning of dimensions besides the form-meaning link. Overall, the studies in this thesis emphasise the need of more research attention to spoken vocabulary knowledge, especially in continuous speech. They also reveal the potential of listening for expanding vocabulary knowledge, and provide insights into factors affecting success in inferencing and acquisition.
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Gomez-Starnes, Floyd. "Listening to the Voice of the Dual Language Principal". Thesis, The George Washington University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10843257.

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Schools in the United States have more students who are English learners (ELs) than at any point in recent decades. Academic performance for these students, as measured by standardized tests, falls below that of their native English-speaking peers and, on some measures, is not making the sorts of gains that other groups appear to be making. Of the various program delivery models for ELs found in schools in the U.S., dual language has received a great deal of attention and interest in recent years due to some impressive long-term student achievement results. There is a great deal of research regarding the effectiveness of dual language and practices that have been shown to support that effectiveness. However, there is little in the research focusing on the perspective of dual language principals and listening to their voices.

This qualitative study involving interviews of 15 elementary principals of dual language schools in the Eastern United States region was focused on understanding their experience as they contextualized best practices to meet the needs of their specific student population. The study drew on conceptual frameworks of transformative leadership theory, Fowler’s initiative implementation, and Cummins’s interdependence hypothesis.

Analysis of the interview data revealed that dual language principals frequently found themselves playing a balancing act between two groups of people within their school. Another finding was that the dual language principal’s responsibilities are more complex than those of their colleagues in more traditional elementary schools. It was also learned that dual language best practices are generally followed faithfully. The final finding was that, despite the extra complications, dual language principals find the rewards to be worth the extra effort. The study reveals that dual language programs offer a powerful vehicle for transformative leaders to build community across language and culture.

Implications for policy include recommendations for school systems to coordinate efforts to find qualified bilingual staff and appropriate bilingual materials. Future research is suggested to explore the perceptions that different language and cultural parent groups have about dual language. Several implications are outlined for practice, including creating meaningful and purposeful cross-cultural experiences for students and parents.

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Kimura, Harumi. "A Self-Presentational Perspective on Foreign Language Listening Anxiety". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/157205.

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CITE/Language Arts
Ed.D.
This study uses a self-presentational framework to investigate second language listening anxiety (L2 listening anxiety) among university students learning English in Japan and demonstrate that L2 listening involves social concerns that are specific to L2 settings. Successful performance in aural interaction presupposes mutual understanding, and L2 listeners have good reason to become anxious when it is doubtful whether they properly comprehend what others say. The Shortened Scale of Foreign Language Listening Anxiety, the Revised Interaction Anxiousness Scale, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire as well as a dictation test were administered to 1,177 students in 15 universities for the quantitative part of this study. Introspection verbal report data were collected from 17 students in two universities to investigate the thought processes of L2 listeners for the qualitative part. The profile analysis indicated the following: L2 listening anxiety was (a) specific to L2 situations and (b) linked to L2 proficiency because high and low L2 listening proficiency groups were different in the overall levels of L2 listening anxiety, but not different in general anxiety measures. The exploratory factor analysis and Rasch principle component analyses demonstrated that L2 listening anxiety was a broad construct composed of two related but distinct dimensions, Self-Focused Apprehension and Task-Focused Apprehension. The former is a concern over social evaluative threat, and the latter is worry over effective processing of aural input. The univariate analyses of variance confirmed that L2 listening anxiety was partly socially constructed because social anxiety was linked to both dimensions of L2 listening anxiety. The verbal data suggested that L2 listening anxiety was receiver-specific in that it involved concerns over comprehending and responding appropriately to aural messages. They also indicated that the levels of L2 listening anxiety were (a) susceptible to individual differences, and (b) influenced by different social situations. This study contributes to conceptual developments in the area of L2 learner psychology because understanding others is of profound importance in successful communication, and anxiety over non-understanding or misunderstanding can have significant personal and interpersonal consequences.
Temple University--Theses
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Kallin, Marianne. "¡Yo solamente quiero saber hablar español! : Las opiniones de los alumnos en la secundaria acerca de cómo aprenden a hablar español". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för utbildningsvetenskap (UV), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-50818.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate what pupils who study Spanish as a foreignlanguage in the senior level of the nine year compulsory school, think about how theylearn to talk Spanish. What is their opinion about what it takes to be able to speak andcommunicate in Spanish? And what type of exercises do they prefer? This paper alsoaims at investigating if the pupils understand the importance of reading, writing andlistening to as much Spanish as possible if they want to be good at talking Spanish. Inour investigation are we using the Common European Framework of Reference forlanguages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment (CEFR) and other theories that supporttheir conclusions. A quantitative method is applied, a questionnaire is given to 108students in the seventh, eighth and ninth grade in a school in the southern part ofSweden.The results of the questionnaire have shown that when it comes to learn to talkSpanish the pupils believe most in practicing talking in Spanish. 72% of the pupils haveanswered that they agree completely with this assertion. They also understand theimportance of the teacher speaking Spanish during class, 58% completely agree that thisis important. Talking Spanish is classed as output, and listening to the teacher talkingSpanish goes under the term input. The type of activity that they prefer when they talkSpanish is to talk in small groups with friends/classmates, 38% of the pupils think thatthis is the best method. The activity that they prefer the least is to make presentations infront of the class (11%). We have also calculated by using Fisher´s exact test if there isa connection between how they have answered the questions and their age and gender.In only one case was there a connection with statistical certainty. The test showed thatwhen it comes to speaking when everyone is listening, the girls are those whoexperience it hardest to do.
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Kaple, Emily J. "IMPROVING SPANISH FOREIGN LANGUAGE LISTENING COMPREHENSION: AIDED BY PRONUNCIATION OR LISTENING PRACTICE?" Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1196214325.

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Cartaya, Jorge E. "Listening/Reading for Disremembered Voices: Additive Archival Representation and the Zong Massacre of 1781". FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3187.

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This thesis grapples with questions surrounding representation, mourning, and responsibility in relation to two literary representations of the ZONG massacre of 1781. These texts are M. NourbeSe Philip’s ZONG! and Fred D’Aguiar’s FEEDING THE GHOSTS. The only extant archival document—a record of the insurance dispute which ensued as a consequence of the massacre—does not represent the drowned as victims, nor can it represent the magnitude of the atrocity. As such, this thesis posits that the archival gaps or silences from which the captives’ voices are missing become spaces of possibility for additive representation. This thesis also examines the role voice and sound play in these literary texts and the deconstructive-ethical philosophies of Jean-Luc Nancy and Jacques Derrida. This thesis argues that these texts invoke the sonic materiality of voice in the service of responding to the disremembered dead through mourning and acknowledgment.
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32

Forder, Claire. "The student voice in models of language learning motivation : listening to secondary school students' experiences of foreign language learning". Thesis, University of Brighton, 2015. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/32f7194b-4609-43f3-a5c6-353642cf2b55.

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Post-14 foreign language learning in England has seen a decline in recent years. This follows changes to languages education policies which made the subject optional rather than part of the statutory National Curriculum. Such changes were predicated in part on the belief that optional study would increase students’ motivation to continue with language learning. However, the number of students choosing to study for a General Certificate in Secondary Education (GCSE) in another language decreased significantly once the changes were implemented in 2004.
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33

Carney, Nathaniel. "Diagnosing L2 English Learners’ Listening comprehension abilities with Scripted and Unscripted Listening Texts". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/529140.

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Teaching & Learning
Ph.D.
L2 listening research has moved toward a focus on understanding the process of listening. However, there are still few detailed studies of L2 listening that reveal learners’ comprehension processes when listening to scripted and unscripted listening texts. Studies in which such processing has been discussed have lacked detailed diagnoses of how bottom-up and top-down processing interactively affect listeners’ comprehension. This study was designed to show how listeners’ process and comprehend texts, with a focus on how their bottom-up and top-down processing either assist or impede their comprehension. In this study, a group of 30 L1 Japanese university English language learners’ listening abilities were diagnosed. The 30 participants were at three listening proficiency levels—high, mid, and low—based on TOEIC listening proficiency scores. The diagnostic procedure involved participants listening to two scripted and two unscripted listening texts and then reporting what they comprehended through three tasks—L1 oral recalls, L2 repetitions, and verbal reports. Other data was also collected in the study to relate the comprehension of listening texts to other important listening-related variables including listening proficiency, lexical knowledge, listening anxiety, study abroad experience, short-term phonological memory, and working memory. The main finding of the study was that miscomprehension of listening texts was invariably multi-causal, with a combination of both bottom-up and top-down factors leading to comprehension difficulty. Although not a new finding, the study offered more detail than current research about how bottom-up and top-down processing occur interactively. Regarding the overall difficulty of the listening texts, unscripted texts were more difficult to comprehend than scripted texts, and high-proficiency participants had fewer listening difficulties overall than mid- and low-proficiency participants. Quantitative and qualitative results revealed common processing difficulties among all participants due to L1-related phonological decoding issues (e.g., /l/ vs. /r/), connected speech, unknown lexis, and a lack of familiarity with unscripted speech hesitation phenomena (e.g., um, like). Qualitative transcript examples showed how top-down knowledge influenced misinterpretations of words and phrases interactively with bottom-up information, making inaccurate understandings of listening difficult to overcome. In addition to revealing participants’ difficulties and the severity of their comprehension difficulties, the diagnostic procedure showed common strengths—key words and phrases understood well by participants. High-frequency vocabulary and shorter utterances were both shown to be comprehended well. Finally, quantitative results in the study revealed relationships of participants’ listening comprehension with other important listening related variables. Listening proficiency and listening anxiety had strong relationships with listening comprehension of the listening texts. Working memory and short-term phonological memory had no relationship with listening text comprehension. Finally, study abroad experience showed a relationship with comprehension, but with many caveats, and listening vocabulary knowledge was not related with comprehension, but again, with numerous caveats to consider. Based on the results, theoretical and pedagogical implications were posed. Theoretical implications from the study relate to the understanding of four concerns in L2 listening research. Mainly, data in the study will aid researchers’ understanding of how L2 English listeners process speech interactively (i.e., with bottom-up and top-down information) for comprehension, how L2 English listeners experience connected speech, how L2 listeners deal with unknown lexis, and how L2 listeners experience difficulties with features of unscripted speech. Pedagogical implications of the study include the need for increased teacher and learner awareness of the complexity of L2 listening, the need to have learners to track their own listening development, and the need for teachers to expose learners to unscripted listening texts and make them familiar with features of unscripted speech. Finally, suggestions for further research are posed, including conducting diagnostics assessments of L2 listening with listeners of different L1s and with more varied proficiency levels, using different diagnostic procedures to examine L2 listening comprehension, and using more instruments to understand listening-related variables’ relationships with L2 listening comprehension.
Temple University--Theses
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34

Loan, Nguyen Kim, e n/a. "Listening comprehension tests for intermediate students at Hanoi Foreign Languages College". University of Canberra. Education, 1989. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060818.141820.

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Abstract (sommario):
In Vietnam today there is an urgent demand for well-designed tests of listening comprehension. Little attention has been given to this problem. This field study is intended to provide guidance on the design of listening comprehension tests and in particular for intermediate level students at the Hanoi Foreign Language College (HFLC). The Field Study Report consists of six chapters. Chapter One gives a brief introduction which covers the problem, aims, subjects (testees) and the background of the Field Study Report. Chapter Two deals with the purposes of testing in some detail, setting this in the framework of the teaching-testing link, teachers and testing, and students and testing. Test characteristics are considered and the problem of sampling for test content is addressed. Chapter Three concerns test items for listening comprehension. The chapter begins with a short description of listening comprehension and is followed by a survey of theorists on listening comprehension together with the test items for listening that they suggest. Some commonly-used standardised tests and their listening items are discussed. The chapter ends with a checklist of selected listening items suitable for students at HFLC in Vietnam. Chapter Four discusses the designing and trialling of test items for listening comprehension, such as multiple choice, completion of a taped talk, matching pictures with statements etc. The chapter presents the results of the trialling of sample items and also deals with correlations between the sample tests used. Chapter Five deals with test design and development in general. It clarifies the bases for test design and provides a checklist of steps in the development of tests. In addition, the chapter includes a resources inventory for listening test items. Chapter Six presents the conclusions of the Field Study Report.
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35

Kim, Joo-hae. "Foreign language listening anxiety : a study of Korean students learning English /". Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004305.

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36

RIBEIRO, LUIZA NOVAES TELLES. "LISTENING TO THE INARTICULATE LANGUAGE IN THE WORK OF GUIMARÃES ROSA". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34260@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS DE ENSINO PARTICULARES
A tese se dedica à escrita de Guimarães Rosa sob a perspectiva da inarticulação: atenta às ocasiões em que a língua é levada a seu limite intensivo, ao se deixar atravessar sobretudo por vozes animais (grunhir, uivar, grasnar, piar, balir, sibilar, chiar, etc.), ruídos naturais (vento, água, fogo, etc.) e pelo registro musical. Explorando os modos singulares com que Rosa trabalha sonoridades investidas de forças anárquicas e criadoras, o estudo mostra que um dos traços mais relevantes em sua obra é trazer à tona a experiência de inarticulação da linguagem. Tal experiência manifesta-se como lugar privilegiado de desestabilização das fronteiras habitualmente pressupostas entre o que se convencionou chamar, de um lado e de outro, língua e vida - revelando o corpo material da língua como condição irredutível para que se descortinem vínculos intensivos com as coisas através da literatura. O pensamento contido na própria forma como Rosa trabalha a sua língua é posto em diálogo com as reflexões de Gilles Deleuze/Felix Guattari sobre a língua intensiva, e com as considerações de Friedrich Nietzsche acerca da experiência dionisíaca da música. Assim orientada, a tese se compõe de três ensaios. O primeiro aborda a inarticulação da língua na novela Buriti, de Corpo de Baile, em leitura centrada na personagem Chefe Zequiel e nos modos pelos quais sua sensibilidade auditiva prodigiosa capta micro-percepções sonoras da noite e as transfere para uma língua à beira de se tornar guincho, uivo, assovio do vento. O ensaio seguinte mostra o paralelo existente entre o retorno do ruído na música contemporânea, capitaneado pelo músico John Cage, e a invasão da escrita pela infinita gama de sonoridades não dicionarizadas de que se compõe a obra de Guimarães Rosa. Elabora-se ainda, em correlação com a analogia musical aí desenvolvida, uma interpretação da pouco comentada novela A estória do homem do Pinguelo, de Estas Estórias. Por fim, o terceiro ensaio apresenta a aliança entre poesia, música e inarticulação da língua no cerne do projeto literário do escritor mineiro. Oferece-se aí uma visão do processo criativo de Guimarães Rosa como transmutação de forças e afectos presentes nos sons antes da articulação, em uma língua poética em íntimo enlace com a musicalidade. Também se propõem, nessa ocasião, leituras de Cara-de- Bronze, de Corpo de Baile, e de Duelo, de Sagarana.
The present thesis approaches the writing of Guimarães Rosa from the perspective of the inarticulate. It attends to those occasions in which his writing takes language to its intensive limit, at which it incorporates animal noises (grunting, howling, cawing, chirping, bleating, hissing, wheezing), natural sounds (wind, water, fire, etc.), and the musical register. Exploring the singular manner in which Rosa cultivates sonorities invested with anarchical and creative forces, the study shows that one of the most striking aspects of his work is the way it gives voice to the experience of the inarticulate within language. Such an experience manifests itself as a privileged site of destabilization of the traditional frontiers between what is conventionally called language and what is called life. This serves to reveal the material body of language as an irreducible condition for the creation of an intensive connection with life through literature. Rosa s thinking, as it is presented through his writing, is also put into dialogue with Gilles Deleuze s and Felix Guattari s notion of the intensive language and Friedrich Nietzsche s account of the Dionysian experience of music. The thesis consists of three chapters. The first approaches the inarticulate in the novella Buriti, from Corpo de Baile. It focusses on the character Chief Zequiel, who possesses a prodigious auditory sensitivity that allows him to perceive very slight, night-time sounds and convert them into a language that borders on squealing, howling, the whispering of the wind. The following chapter draws parallels between the reintroduction of noise into contemporary music by John Cage in particular and the intrusion of a multitude of non-lexicographic sonorities into Rosa s writing. This musical analogy is also intertwined with an interpretation of the neglected novella, A estória do homem do Pinguelo, from Estas Estórias. The third and final chapter discusses the alliance between poetry, music and inarticulate language at the heart of Rosa s literary oeuvre. It regards his creative process as a transmutation of the pre-articulate forces and affects present in sounds into a poetic language that is intimately intertwined with musicality. Finally, it proposes a reading of Cara-de-bronze from Corpo de Baile and Duelo from Sagarana.
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37

Ta, Thi Thanh Hoa. "Towards student engagement in listening to the target language beyond classroom". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51587/.

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It is well-established that student engagement is a prerequisite and proxy for learning and development. Yet, despite its significance, student engagement has not received proper attention as an important construct in the literature of second/foreign language research, especially in research on listening skill. The current research contributes to the understanding of the phenomenon of student engagement in out-of-class L2 listening. The research was conducted at a university in Viet Nam and targeted at second-year and third-year majors of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). To attain the aims of gaining insight into student engagement in listening beyond classroom and innovating a design for enhancing student engagement, two studies were undertaken. The first or baseline study examined the status quo of student engagement within these learners’ usual self-study setting. Meanwhile, the main study examined student engagement in the project’s social networked or YouListen listening space. The research was a mixed methods case study, mobilizing survey questionnaires, a record of the learners’ online activity and semi-structured interviews. The results from the baseline study reveal a worrying status quo of student engagement in terms of time and effort investment, listening strategy use, readiness, confidence and willingness to listen to the target language beyond classroom. Besides, the learning condition and factors relating to the learners themselves were perceived to affect their engagement the most. Furthermore, several significant correlations between certain behaviours of engagement were statistically identified. Last, sharing experiences with peers, asynchronous communication, test-oriented resources and real life-oriented resources gained the learner’s strong favour. The findings of the main study depict a diverse picture of student engagement in which variation in engagement was associated with different learners and different listening or sharing sub-spaces and within individual learners. In general, there were noticeable positive signs of engagement, such as being engaged with particular listening resources, the expression of positive emotions, and actively sharing listening comprehension and reflection, all of which seemed to suggest the potential of the project’s listening space to engage learners to listen actively to English. Nevertheless, the prevalence of inflexible listening strategies and ‘quiet’ knowledge construction were identified. It was found that there was interplay of certain contextual and learner factors that might have contributed to the ways students engaged. Suggestions that might further promote student engagement were drawn and involved improvements in both the design and the learner. Based on the obtained research findings, pedagogical implications are recommended. The findings and recommendations will be of interest to EFL teachers, researchers, and policy makers.
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38

Johansson, Christina. "Learning to Learn : Multiple intelligences in the language classroom". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-32042.

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Fifty-two students in year nine and three teachers in rural Sweden have taken part in an investigation on learning preferences in general and listening in particular. The starting-point for the study is Gardner’s multiple intelligences and the purpose is to investigate how well students know their own learning abilities or strategies and how that knowledge corresponds with work at school. The result shows that students are aware of their preferred strategy but many of them need to work with developing additional abilities in order to improve their English. There is also an apparent difference between students’ relation to listening and teachers’ approach to the same though some of the difference is due to the lack of possibilities in the conventional classroom. This small and limited study briefly discusses the possible implications for teaching and learning in the diversified classroom.
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39

Higgins, Janet M. D. "Facilitating listening in second language classrooms through the manipulation of temporal variables". Thesis, University of Kent, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282589.

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40

Pope, Derwin Brent. "Predictors of acquisition of Russian language listening skills by army intelligence specialists". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39863.

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41

Hong, Tia-Ying. "Curriculum design for strategy-based listening in English as a foreign language". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1461.

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42

Maciá, Fábrega Josep. "Natural language and formal languages". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10348.

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43

Eiben, Robert Joseph. "Understanding Dead Languages". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32798.

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Abstract (sommario):
Dead languages present a case where the original language community no longer exists. This results in a language for which the evidence is limited by the paucity of surviving texts and in which no new linguistic uses can be generated. Ludwig Wittgenstein argued that the meaning of language is simply its use by a language community. On this view a dead language is coextensive with the existing corpus, with the linguistic dynamic provided by the community of readers. Donald Davidson argued that the meaning of language is not conventional, but rather is discovered in a dynamic process of â passing theoriesâ generated by the speaker and listener. On this view a dead language is incomplete, because such dynamic theories can only be negotiated by participating in a living language community and are thus not captured by the extant corpus. We agree with Davidsonâ s view of theories of meaning and conclude that our interpretations of dead languages will suffer epistemological underdetermination that removes any guarantee that they reflect the meanings as heard by the original language community.
Master of Arts
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44

Lacroix, Fanny. "The impact of same-language subtitling on student comprehension in an English as an Additional Language (EAL) context / Fanny Lacroix". Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10288.

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Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of Same-Language Subtitles (SLS) on the subject-specific comprehension and the academic literacy levels of EAL students on the Vaal Triangle Campus of North-West University (NWU). Essentially, the study aimed to determine whether exposing students studying through English as an Additional Language (EAL) to subtitled lectures (live or recorded lectures) would help improve their comprehension of the academic content as well as their receptive academic literacy skills, compared to students who were not exposed to subtitled lectures. This study stems from the identification of an academic performance-related issue on the Vaal Triangle Campus of NWU. Indeed, campus statistics show that the throughput rate of EAL students remains low, and that these students‟ academic literacy levels are inadequate. In other words, EAL students on this campus are underachieving and seem to have difficulties in mastering academic English. Based on various studies that showed SLS to be a valuable tool in terms of learning and academic literacy, this study proposed to introduce SLS (both live via respeaking and offline) in the university classroom as a learning aid, thus optimising the time students spend in lectures. Very little information was available in South Africa on the impact of SLS on the subject-specific comprehension of EAL students in a tertiary academic context. Furthermore, it had been anticipated that a certain number of technical constraints were likely to be encountered during the empirical investigation. These two factors made it difficult to predict what other factors could influence the outcome of the study. As a result, the study was based on the principle of Action Research, a research method characterised by the fact that the research is carried out in as many cycles as may be necessary in order to achieve the optimal conditions for a specific intervention. Three cycles were necessary to reach the optimal design of the present study so that a confident conclusion could be made regarding the impact of SLS on comprehension and academic literacy. For each cycle, the intervention was carried out over an academic semester. In the first cycle, a test group composed of EAL first-year Economics students was exposed to live SLS via respeaking during class, while a control group (also composed of EAL first-year Economics students) attended the same class at a different time, without SLS. In the second cycle, the live SLS via respeaking were replaced with offline SLS. The intervention was taken out of the regular classes and was carried out in the context of practical revision classes scheduled specifically for the purpose of the intervention. The test group viewed subtitled videos of lectures, while the control group viewed videos without subtitles. After each viewing, all participants were required to complete a short comprehension test. This cycle was also conducted in first-year Economics. The basic design of the third cycle was similar to that of the second cycle, but for the fact that the intervention took place in the context of a Psychology module, which, unlike the Economics module, was taught without the lecturer making use of slides. After these three research cycles were completed, it could be concluded that offline SLS indeed have a positive impact on the subject-specific comprehension and the receptive academic literacy skills of EAL students in a tertiary academic context. This conclusion was supported by the following findings: 1. The first research cycle pointed towards a slight, but statistically insignificant benefit in terms of both comprehension and academic literacy. However, at this stage of the empirical investigation, the technical constraints made it difficult to draw a precise conclusion in that respect. 2. In the second research cycle, the SLS seem to have had a significant impact on the receptive academic literacy skills of the test group, compared to the control group. However, no such impact could be noted in terms of subject-specific comprehension. This was attributed to the presence of a confounding variable, namely slides used during the lectures. This once more made it impossible to draw a confident conclusion regarding the impact of SLS on comprehension. 3. The third research cycle made a more confident conclusion regarding the impact of SLS on subject-specific comprehension possible. Indeed, the results of the statistical analyses show that the test group performed significantly better in their semester test (covering the work done in all the recorded lectures) than the control group, which was not exposed to any videos at all. On the basis of these findings, it was concluded that SLS in their offline form have a positive impact on the subject-specific comprehension and the receptive academic literacy skills of EAL students in a tertiary academic context, specifically if the students are given sufficient time to get used to the mode. This study seems to indicate that the benefits of SLS for comprehension can be recorded provided that students are exposed to the intervention over a longer period of time. However, there may be further scope for refinement as far as this study is concerned. It is therefore important that the topic be investigated further.
MA, Language Practice, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012
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45

Cabrera, Hector Mauricio. "Elaboration and simplification of listening texts : evidence from a qualitative study of college students /". The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487865929455954.

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46

Osada, Nobuko. "The effects of silent pauses on listening comprehension : a case of Japanese learners of English as a foreign language /". Electronic version of summary Electronic version of examination, 2002. http://www.wul.waseda.ac.jp/gakui/gaiyo/3494.pdf.

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47

Kim, Joong-Won Education Faculty of Arts &amp Social Sciences UNSW. "Second language English listening comprehension using different presentations of pictures and video cues". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Education, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19065.

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Abstract (sommario):
The study tested the effects of different presentations using pictures and video cues for improving listening comprehension of English news programs. Four experiments are reported, studying listening comprehension of English as a second/foreign language with 687 Korean secondary students. Comparisons on listening comprehension showed better performance with visual cues than with no visual cues. Listening comprehension with video cues was more successful than that with pictures. The advantage of the combination of verbal and visual information over the presentation of verbal information alone was in accord with dual coding theory. When contextual information presented using priming techniques was compared to using feedback and simultaneous presentations, listening comprehension was better using priming. In the comparison of feedback with simultaneous presentations, listening comprehension was improved more when pictures with headlines were presented using feedback than using simultaneous presentations. In contrast, no differences were found between feedback and simultaneous presentations when video cues with headlines were presented. Visual cues with headlines presented using priming might enable learners to activate prior knowledge or schemata to improve listening comprehension. Headlines presented at the beginning stage of listening were effective for listening comprehension. In addition, the effects of presentations were enlarged by adding headlines to visuals. Applying the priming presentation along with the enrichment of contextual cues resulted in improved listening comprehension. Less proficient students benefited relatively more from the contextual cues with headlines and pictorial cues for comprehending the news than more proficient students. In particular, for less proficient students, video cues with headlines were more helpful in listening comprehension than pictures with headlines. This was because more abundant visual cues such as paralinguistic cues were more likely to be provided in video than in picture formats. The best listening comprehension occurred when presenting pictorial cues with headlines using priming presentation. The present study concluded that more abundant pictorial cues were useful for improving listening comprehension. Headlines added to the pictorial cues improved performance, especially for less proficient students, who benefited relatively more. The pictorial cues with headlines presented using a 'priming' technique were most effective in improving listening comprehension, probably because they activated prior knowledge or schemata.
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48

McInnes, Alison Jean. "Listening comprehension abilities in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and language impairment". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58992.pdf.

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49

Tantihachai, Kittima. "Foreign language anxiety in listening and speaking English in a Thai EFL classroom". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/28822.

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This current research study is an exploratory study which has the aim to investigate language anxiety experienced by students majoring in English for International Communication (EIC) at the college in a university in the southern part of Thailand. This study adopted an interpretive methodology that used a sequential mixed methods approach for data collection. There were 42 students participating in the quantitative study whilst 6 students in qualitative study. The data, both quantitative and qualitative, were collected through questionnaire, diary and semi-structured interview. Data were analysed quantitatively using SPSS descriptive statistics and Factor Analysis while the thematic analysis was used as qualitative method. The findings revealed that all participants experienced language anxiety in class. Their sources of anxiety mostly were from the students themselves. Diary writing activity—one of the research instruments—had a very positive effect as it enabled students to deal with their anxiety and improved the situation.
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50

Alvarez, Alexandra Guerra. ""A Listening Child." The Language Life History of an American of Mexican Descent". PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4820.

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This case study presents the language life history of an American woman of Mexican descent. The informant describes the ways in which her two languages, English and Spanish, developed and have been used throughout her life. She narrates how living with two languages has affected her in each period of her life. The informant's language life history provides insight into the ways in which immigrants who come to the United States live and adapt to a new country, culture, and language. The informant's narrative is a testimony of a person divided between two languages and two cultures. The methods used to elaborate the informant's language life history were ethnographic interviewing, observing, and event/network analysis. This language life history will promote understanding of issues such as bilingualism and its relationship to immigration in the United States, language maintenance or loss, language shift, and language choice and use. In the area of Teaching English as a Second Language, teachers are constantly faced with the above issues in their teaching environment. A more thorough comprehension of the experiences of second language learners could improve the skills of those teaching English as a Second Language.
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