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1

Braddock, Kathleen. Electroconvulsive Therapy: Clinical Uses, Efficacy and Long-Term Health Effects. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2014.

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2

Tucker, Sharon Joann. THE LONG-TERM EFFICACY OF A BEHAVIORAL PARENT TRAINING INTERVENTION FOR FAMILIES WITH TWO-YEAR-OLDS. 1996.

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3

Sayal, Puneet, and Jianren Mao. Opioids in Spine Pain: Indications, Challenges, and Controversies. Edited by Mehul J. Desai. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199350940.003.0029.

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Abstract (sommario):
Opioid medications are commonly used in the treatment of spine-mediated pain. They are used on a chronic, long-term basis, and their use is on the rise. The available evidence supports their use for short periods if much effort is put into patient and opioid selection, and with close monitoring. Challenges include numerous adverse effects, aberrant behaviors, and the comfort and skill set of providers. Controversies surrounding the chronic use of opioids center on the inconclusive evidence regarding long-term efficacy and safety. More research is necessary to determine whether these medication
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4

Castle, David J., Peter F. Buckley, and Fiona P. Gaughran. Effects of antipsychotic medications on physical health. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198811688.003.0006.

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Abstract (sommario):
Antipsychotic medications are a crucial part of the core platform upon which effective treatments for schizophrenia are built. While the marketed agents have established efficacy for reduction in the symptoms of schizophrenia, they all carry some side effects. Such effects differ across medications and between individuals. Prescribers need to be aware of the side effect profile of the medications they use, and ensure patients are also aware, so that a true shared decision-making model can be followed in terms of medication choice. Appreciation of long-term risk is required, with treatment choi
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5

Lam, Raymond W. Somatic treatments. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199692736.003.0008.

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Abstract (sommario):
• Wake therapy, exercise and light therapy are non-invasive and clinically useful treatments.• Electroconvulsive therapy remains an effective, safe and well-tolerated treatment for patients with severe, psychotic or medication-resistant depression.• Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is an emerging treatment with evidence for acute efficacy, but with limited data about long-term management....
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6

Hoffman, Ralph E., and Arielle D. Stanford. TMS clinical trials involving patients with schizophrenia. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0042.

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Abstract (sommario):
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ((r)TMS) is being studied as an experimental intervention for patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. These approaches have been informed by animal studies of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). They show that repeated stimulation of neural circuits could exert effects on synaptic efficacy, for varying amounts of time, beyond the period of stimulation. Few studies using rTMS as a potential clinical intervention for schizophrenia have been carried out. They show promise in terms of advancing the understanding of pathophysio
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7

Valeriano, Brandon. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190618094.003.0001.

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Abstract (sommario):
This chapter evaluates the efficacy of modern cyber strategies and how states coerce rivals in the digital domain. It argues that these campaigns are neither as revolutionary nor as novel as they seem. It finds that cyber disruptions, short-term and long-term espionage, and degradation operations all usually fail to produce concessions. When states do compel a rival, which is measured as a change in behavior in the target that is strategically advantageous to the initiator, the cyber operation tends to occur alongside more traditional coercive instruments such as diplomatic pressure, economic
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8

Chan, Jonathan, and Nigil Haroon. Treatment: NSAIDs. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0020.

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Abstract (sommario):
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) constitute a diverse group of medications that inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. NSAIDs form the first-line pharmacological therapy in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). A number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) support the efficacy of NSAIDs in reducing pain and improving patient function. Head-to-head comparisons have demonstrated equivalent effect of different NSAIDs in symptom control. The proposed disease-modifying potential of regular NSAID therapy is debatable and recent literature provides evidence to the contrary. Several safety concerns h
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9

Kass, Erica, Jonathan E. Posner, and Laurence L. Greenhill. Pharmacological Treatments for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Disruptive Behavior Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199342211.003.0004.

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Abstract (sommario):
More than 225 placebo-controlled type 1 investigations demonstrate that psychostimulants are highly effective in reducing core symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. In contrast, there are limited type I studies demonstrating that psychopharmacological management with U.S. Food & Drug Administration-approved agents for ADHD (stimulants and nonstimulants), atypical antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers decrease the defiant and aggressive behavior characteristic of disruptive behavior disorders. Stimulant treatment evidence has been supplemented by
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10

Davidson, Judy E., and Giora Netzer. Family Response to Critical Illness. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199398690.003.0008.

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Abstract (sommario):
Family members of ICU patients can have mental, physical, and social responses to critical illness. These responses can begin when their loved ones are in the ICU and persist after discharge. Interventions in the ICU could have long-term effects on family members. Communication, proximity, engagement, maintaining family integrity, optimizing sleep, and conflict resolution may all play a role in family health following the discharge or death of the patient. Research is needed to further quantify the epidemiology, mechanisms of action, and efficacy of interventions to optimize the health of this
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11

Stammen, Katherine, Harish Siddaiah, Cody Brechtel, Elyse M. Cornett, Charles J. Fox, and Alan D. Kaye. Pain Management for General Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457006.003.0006.

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Abstract (sommario):
Pain is multidimensional and subjective, which makes it difficult to treat. Newer treatment modalities have been under development with a better understanding of pain pathways in recent years. These treatments take advantage of the multifactorial components of pain, including agents such as ketamine, capsaicin, gabapentin, pregabalin, long-acting opioids, peripheral nerve blockade, and patient-controlled analgesia. Numerous studies have revealed not only efficacy but additive and/or synergistic effects when multiple agents are utilized for pain management. Overall, adequate perioperative pain
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12

Welch, Mary R., and Craig Nolan. Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0143.

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Abstract (sommario):
Neurotoxicity is a common problem in oncology practice and neurologists who care for cancer patients encounter a wide range of symptoms attributable to the side effects of radiation and/or chemotherapy. Complications involving the nervous system may be debilitating. Though generally improved by dose reduction or cessation of an offending agent, such symptoms can be irreversible and frequently have a profound impact on quality of life. The appropriate balance between therapeutic efficacy and drug or radiation toxicity requires close attention to the patient’s complaints as well as a thorough un
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13

Popovic, Dina, and Eduard Vieta. Evidence-based maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198748625.003.0008.

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Abstract (sommario):
Due to the episodic and chronic nature of bipolar disorder, maintenance therapy represents a critical part of treatment. However, there is a paucity of studies comparing effectiveness of available long-term treatments. In this chapter, the efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder, as deriving from the results of randomized controlled trials, will be critically reviewed. These include second-generation antipsychotics aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone long-acting injection, ziprasidone, paliperidone, and mood stabilizers lamo
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14

Walker, Suellen M. Evidence and outcomes in acute pain management. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199234721.003.0005.

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Abstract (sommario):
Inadequate control of post-operative pain can be associated with acute morbidity and have adverse effects on recovery and emotional well-being. The aims of acute pain medicine are reducing pain intensity, control of side effects, hastening rehabilitation, and improving acute and long-term outcomes. League tables compare the efficacy of analgesics, based on the number-needed-to-treat (NNT) to achieve 50% pain reduction. Systematic reviews of different interventions for acute pain are conducted and regularly updated in the Cochrane Library. The second edition of Acute Pain Management: Scientific
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15

Hertenstein, Elisabeth, Christoph Nissen, and Dieter Riemann. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of insomnia. Edited by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0020.

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Abstract (sommario):
This chapter evaluates evidence-based treatment options for chronic insomnia. Insomnia is a common sleep disorder characterized by sleep onset and maintenance difficulties and daytime impairment such as reduced concentration and motivation. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) is the first-line treatment for chronic primary and comorbid insomnia. CBTI comprises behavioral treatment (sleep restriction, stimulus control), relaxation, cognitive therapy, and sleep education. Its effects are of medium to large size and are stable up to two years after treatment. Benzodiazepines and benz
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16

Nutt, David J., and Liam J. Nestor. The glutamate system and addiction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198797746.003.0009.

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Abstract (sommario):
Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Glutamate is involved in synaptic plasticity, particularly within dopamine systems of the brain that are involved in reward. Glutamate-dependent plasticity is involved in the development of substance addiction through its actions at NMDA receptors during long-term potentiation (LTP) related learning and memory processes. This plasticity within brain circuitry involved in learning and memory is sustained during substance abstinence and may provide a neural substrate for a vulnerability to addiction relapse. Medications that poss
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17

Abramowitz, Jonathan S., Steven Taylor, and Dean McKay. Exposure-Based Treatment for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Edited by Gail Steketee. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.013.0071.

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Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is one of the oldest and most effective treatments for obsessive compulsive disorder. The present chapter describes the empirical foundations, development, delivery, and latest research on ERP. Commonly used methods and procedural variants of ERP are described, along with findings concerning the underlying mechanisms of action. The efficacy of ERP in relation to other treatments is discussed, in addition to research on the long-term effects of ERP and its effects in non-research settings. Pretreatment predictors of the outcome of treatments using ERP are
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18

Wakeman, Sarah E., and Josiah D. Rich. Pharmacotherapy for substance use disorders within correctional facilities. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0046.

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Abstract (sommario):
Drug addiction treatment is increasingly complex. Only 5% of prisons and 34% of jails offer any detoxification services, and only 1% of jails offer methadone for opioid withdrawal. Even fewer facilities offer medication assisted therapy (MAT) for alcohol or substance use disorders despite the tremendous evidence base supporting the use of medications to treat addiction. Untreated opioid dependence both within corrections and in the community is associated with HIV, Hepatitis C, crime, and death by overdose. Substantial evidence argues that these risks are reduced through long-term treatment wi
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19

Wakeman, Sarah E., and Josiah D. Rich. Pharmacotherapy for substance use disorders within correctional facilities. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0046_update_001.

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Abstract (sommario):
Drug addiction treatment is increasingly complex. Only 5% of prisons and 34% of jails offer any detoxification services, and only 1% of jails offer methadone for opioid withdrawal. Even fewer facilities offer medication assisted therapy (MAT) for alcohol or substance use disorders despite the tremendous evidence base supporting the use of medications to treat addiction. Untreated opioid dependence both within corrections and in the community is associated with HIV, Hepatitis C, crime, and death by overdose. Substantial evidence argues that these risks are reduced through long-term treatment wi
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20

Brandon, Marianne. Monogamy. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400687228.

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Abstract (sommario):
This text provides a groundbreaking look at sexual instincts and offers a clinical psychologist's and sex therapist's insights and solutions to the challenges of monogamous relationships. Monogamous relationships are firmly embedded in the framework of our society, and yet the divorce rate and common failures of intimacy in long-term relationships challenges the efficacy of this paradigm. Oddly, the concept of monogamy has been virtually ignored by mental health professionals, while anthropologists, sociologists, biologists, and zoologists have researched and explored the topic. Monogamy: The
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21

Nutt, David J., and Liam J. Nestor. Conclusion and overview. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198797746.003.0013.

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Abstract (sommario):
Substance addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder. It is the manifestation of the long-term pharmacological actions of substances on the receptor mechanisms of the brain’s neural circuitry. There are different neurotransmitter systems (e.g. dopamine, GABA, opioids) and even appetite hormones, acting within this neural circuitry in addiction, but their collective roles in the disorder remain equivocal. Importantly, disturbances to these systems may also pre-date addiction, which leads people to initiate substance abuse (e.g. stress, reward sensitivity). People may also be at an increased risk
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22

Kulkarni, Kunal, James Harrison, Mohamed Baguneid, and Bernard Prendergast, eds. Dermatology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198729426.003.0004.

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Over the past 50 years, there have been great advances in our understanding of skin biology and the aetiopathogenesis of skin diseases, and in the development of treatments for these. Immunosuppression for use in cutaneous infection, the use of antibiotics and corticosteroids in the reduction of morbidities in skin conditions, and an increasing understanding of molecular pathways, among a range of other developments, have allowed for rapid progression in the treatment of dermatological conditions. Carefully designed studies have been vital in the development of treatment; however, clinical obs
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23

Daley, David, and Saskia Van der Oord. Behavioural interventions for preschool ADHD. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0035.

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Abstract (sommario):
The evidence supporting the validity and stability of ADHD during the preschool years is now considerable and, coupled with mounting evidence indicating long-term impairments and economic cost of ADHD, provides a clear rationale for early intervention during the preschool years. While medication is an evidenced-based intervention for older children with ADHD, higher side effects and lower levels of efficacy in preschool children make medication a less attractive option. This chapter presents the behavioural treatment options available for preschool children with ADHD and reviews the evidence b
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24

Li, Jing. Investment Terms and Level of Control of China’s Sovereign Wealth Fund in its Portfolio Firms. Edited by Douglas Cumming, Geoffrey Wood, Igor Filatotchev, and Juliane Reinecke. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754800.013.11.

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This chapter briefly reviews the literature on sovereighn wealth funds (SWFs) with a focus on their investment characteristics and strategies. It describes the China Investment Corporation (CIC) with particular reference to its connections with the Chinese government. This is followed by analyses of hand-collected data based on 61 M&As, 8 JVs, and 28 fund investments made by the CIC 2007–15. The analyses focus on the formal control (equity stakes, voting rights, director nomination and board representation) of the CIC in its target firms, and on the indirect control benefits that the CIC c
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25

Wong, Germaine, and Angela C. Webster. Cancer after kidney transplantation. Edited by Jeremy R. Chapman. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0287.

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Abstract (sommario):
Cancer is a major cause of mortality and morbidity after transplantation. The overall risk of cancer among transplant recipients is at least 2.5–3-fold greater than that of the age- and gender-matched general population. The increased risk is also type specific, and is greatest among virus-related neoplasms such as Kaposi sarcoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, and vulvovaginal cancers, with an excess risk of at least 9–20 times greater than that of the general population. Cancer prognoses are also poor in transplant recipients, with less than 10% surviving 5 years after initial
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26

Hansen, Tom G. Acute paediatric pain management. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman and Neil S. Morton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0073.

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Abstract (sommario):
Paediatric pain management has made great strides in the past few decades in the understanding of developmental neurobiology, developmental pharmacology, the use of analgesics in children, the use of regional techniques in children, and of the psychological needs of children in pain. The consequences of a painful experience on the young nervous system are so significant that long-term effects can occur, resulting in behavioural changes and a lowered pain threshold for months after a painful event. Accurate assessment of pain in different age groups and the effective treatment of postoperative
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27

Riberi, Pablo, ed. Pandemocracy in Latin America. Hart Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781509965304.

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Abstract (sommario):
This book addresses two questions: firstly, how has the fight against COVID-19, especially the individual and collective responses of Latin American nation-states, influenced the relationship between power, people, and statebodies? And secondly, has democracy taken a step back and allowed pandemocracy to replace its long-term legitimising function? Adopting a Global South perspective, the book explores the constitutional, political and institutional measures that paved the way for several aggressive state policies in various Latin American countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The contributi
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28

Gevaert, Sofie A., Eric Hoste, and John A. Kellum. Acute kidney injury. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0068.

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Abstract (sommario):
Acute kidney injury is a serious condition, occurring in up to two-thirds of intensive care unit patients, and 8.8-55% of patients with acute cardiac conditions. Renal replacement therapy is used in about 5-10% of intensive care unit patients. The term cardiorenal syndrome refers to combined heart and kidney failure; three types of acute cardiorenal syndrome have been described: acute cardiorenal syndrome or cardiorenal syndrome type 1, acute renocardiac syndrome or cardiorenal syndrome type 3, and acute cardiorenal syndrome type 5 (cardiac and renal injury secondary to a third entity such as
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29

Gevaert, Sofie A., Eric Hoste, and John A. Kellum. Acute kidney injury. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0068_update_001.

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Abstract (sommario):
Acute kidney injury is a serious condition, occurring in up to two-thirds of intensive care unit patients, and 8.8-55% of patients with acute cardiac conditions. Renal replacement therapy is used in about 5-10% of intensive care unit patients. The term cardiorenal syndrome refers to combined heart and kidney failure; three types of acute cardiorenal syndrome have been described: acute cardiorenal syndrome or cardiorenal syndrome type 1, acute renocardiac syndrome or cardiorenal syndrome type 3, and acute cardiorenal syndrome type 5 (cardiac and renal injury secondary to a third entity such as
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30

Kropf, Nancy, and Sherry Cummings. Evidence-Based Treatment and Practice with Older Adults. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190214623.001.0001.

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Abstract (sommario):
Evidence Based Treatment with Older Adults: Theory, Practice, and Research provides a detailed examination of five research-supported psychosocial interventions for use with older adults: cognitive behavioral therapy, problem-solving therapy, motivational interviewing, psychoeducational and social support approaches, and life review/reminiscence. Taken together, these interventions address the diversity of mental health conditions and late-life challenges that older adults’ experience. Complementary chapters provide comprehensive treatment and research information for each intervention. In the
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