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1
Malmgren, Evelina, Frida Ingelsson e Annica Ohlsson. "Low carb high fat : Passar det normalviktiga?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Idrottsmedicin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-56469.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Low Carb High Fat (LCHF) ses som en striktare variant av GI eller Atkins och är en diet riktad framförallt till personer som lider av det metabola syndromet, där man utesluter i princip alla kolhydrater för att undvika blodsockerhöjningar. Överviktiga och diabetiker som testat denna diet har både fått bättre blodfetter, viktnedgång samt ett förbättrat blodsocker men samtidigt finns det många motsträvare – framförallt SNR (svenska näringsrekommendationer). Syftet med detta projekt var att visa effekterna hos friska, normalviktiga personer som genomgått en tre veckors dietperiod med LCHF kost. Hur vikten, blodfetterna samt det psykiska har påverkats. Resultatet har visat på att vikten har minskat samt att blodfetterna höjts avsevärt, vilket ger ett svar på att LCHF inte passar normalviktiga.
2
Beijer, Emelie, e Renate Cerljen. "LCHF - Low Carb High Fat : en experimentell studie av 3 veckors LCHF-kost på hälsomarkörer hos normalviktiga kvinnor". Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-1783.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Sammanfattning Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka hurvida en LCHF (Low Carb High Fat) kost skulle kunna vara en hälsosam livsstil utifrån hur den påverkar olika hälsomarkörer hos normalviktiga personer där en viktminskning ej har eftersträvats. Frågeställningen var följande: Hur påverkar en LCHF-kost med maximalt 30 gram kolhydrater per dag under 3 veckor normalviktiga kvinnors BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate), blodlipider, blodglukos, blodtryck, kroppssammansättning, midje- och höftmått samt deras kroppsvikt? Metod En experimentell studie har genomförts på 8 normalviktiga kvinnor mellan 20 och 35 år. Samtliga försökspersoners BMR, blodlipider, blodglukos, blodtryck, kroppssammansättning, midje- och höftmått samt kroppsvikt mättes vid normala levnadsförhållanden innan studiens start samt efter 3 veckor av en strikt LCHF-kost med endast 30 gram kolhydrater per dag. Resultat BMR sänktes i genomsnitt med 4,4% vilket var signifikant (P<0,05). HDL (High-density lipoproteins), LDL (Low-density lipoproteins) samt totalkolesterol höjdes signifikant (P<0,01) med 21%, 25% respektive 22%. Ingen signifikant skillnad i LDL/HDL-kvot, triglycerider eller blodtryck erhölls. Blodglukos sänktes med 12%, skillnaden var dock ej signifikant. Andel kroppsfett sänktes signifikant med 8,7% (P<0,01) och fettmassan med 11% (P<0,01). Den fettfria massan visade ingen signifikant skillnad. Midjemåttet minskade signifikant med 2,3% (P<0,05) och kroppsvikten i genomsnittt med 1,24 kg (P<0,05). Höftmåttet visade ingen signifikant skillnad mellan mätningen före och efter 3 veckors LCHF-kost. Slutsats Studiens resultat tyder på övervägande negativa effekter av 3 veckors LCHF-kost på olika hälsomarkörer, vilket skulle kunna få allvarliga följder så som kardiovaskulära sjukdomar och depression förutsatt att verkan successivt ökar.Abstract Aim The aim of this study is to examine if LCHF (Low Carb High Fat) could be a healthy lifestyle based on how it affects various health markers in normal weight people where weight loss has not been pursued. Specific question: How does intake of a LCHF diet with a maximum of 30 grams of carbohydrates per day during 3 weeks affect normal-weight women´s BMR, blood lipids, blood glucose, blood pressure, body composition, waist and hip dimensions and body weight? Method An experimental study was performed on 8 normal-weight women aged 20 to 35 years old. All subject´s BMR, blood lipids, blood glucose, blood pressure, body composition, waist and hip dimensions and body weight were measured at normal living conditions before the study began. Each subject was put on a strict 3 week Low Carb High Fat diet consisting of only 30 grams of carbohydrates per day. Results BMR was reduced by an average of 4,4% which was significant (P<0,05). HDL, LDL and total cholesterol were increased significantly (P<0,01) by 21, 25 and 22%, respectively. There were no significant differences in LDL/HDL ratio, triglycerides or blood pressure. Blood glucose concentration was reduced by an average of 12%, however the reduction was not statistically significant. Percentage body fat was significantly lowered with 8,7% (P<0,01) and fat mass with 11% (P<0,01). The fat free mass showed no significant difference between pre- and post-tests. The waist circumference was significantly decreased by 2,3% (P<0,05) and average body weight of 1,24 kg (P<0,05). The hip dimension showed no significant difference between pre- and post-tests. Conclusion The results of this study indicate negative effects on the blood lipid profile after 3 weeks of LCHF diet, which could lead to serious consequences such as cardiovascular disease and depression provided that the effect is progressively enhanced.
3
Schmidt, Isabell [Verfasser]. "Analyse zur Diätcompliance bei "Low-Carb“- und "Low-Fat“-Studien / Isabell Schmidt". Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/114842525X/34.
Testo completo
4
Dubey, Amrita. "Use of Extrusion Technology and Fat Replacers to Produce High Protein, Low Fat Cheese". DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/961.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study investigated the use of extrusion technology and fat replacers to produce high protein, low fat Cheddar cheese. In chapter 3, four different fat replacers were tested at the highest concentration level of each, as recommended by the manufacturers for low fat cheese, to investigate the change in cheese texture and optimize extruder conditions. In addition, the press time/pressure combinations of the extruded cheeses were optimized. The fat replacers and extruder conditions that were effective in improving the texture of low fat cheese were then used in chapter 4.
In chapter 4, three fat replacers were used at three different concentrations (lowest, middle and highest) as recommended by the manufacturers for replacing fat in cheese. The fat replacers were microcrystalline cellulose (MCC 1) (0.125%, 1.06% and 2%), whey protein concentrate (WPC 2) (0.50%, 0.75% and 1%) and whey protein concentrate (WPC 1) (0.40%, 2.20% and 4%). These fat replacers were effective in improving the texture of low fat cheese as determined from the results of chapter 3. The extruded cheese samples with and without fat replacers were analyzed for texture at three different time periods (1 day, 1 week, and 1 month). None of the fat replacers used were effective in improving the texture of low fat cheese significantly.
Since none of the treatments statistically improved the texture of low fat cheese, in the next part of the study, extrusion alone and WPC 1 at the middle concentration were then used to produce low fat cheese with high protein content by blending low moisture aged Cheddar cheese and nonfat cheese. Extrusion of cheese blends with or without fat replacer yielded cheese with high protein level. It was concluded from the study that the fat replacers we used were not effective in improving the texture but extrusion of aged Cheddar cheese with nonfat cheese can yield high protein cheese.
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Toma, Kumika. "Effects of High-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Versus High-Protein and Low-Carbohydrate Diets on High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise". View abstract, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3372362.
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Werner, Tim. "The Effect of High-Carbohydrate, Low-Fat & Low-Carbohydrate, High Protein Diets on Physiologic and Performance Variables on Row Ergometry Training". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1140557597.
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Werner, Tim J. "The effect of high-carbohydrate, low-fat & low-carbohydrate, high protein diets on physiologic and performance variables on row ergometry training". Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1140557597.
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Koutsari, Christina. "High-carbohydrate diets, exercise and postprandial lipaemia". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/35001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets are recommended by various scientific bodies for the prevention of coronary heart disease. However, these diets increase postprandial lipaemia and so their net benefit for coronary heart disease risk has been the subject of vigorous debate. Exaggerated postprandial lipaemia has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. Previous research suggests that physical exercise improves triacylglycerol metabolic capacity. The present thesis investigated whether exercise, when simultaneously adopted with a high-carbohydrate diet, could prevent the augmentation of postprandial lipaemia observed with this dietary change.
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Riggs, Amy Jo Gropper Sareen Annora Stepnick. "Changes in energy expenditure associated with injestion of high protein, high fat versus high protein, low fat meals among underweight, normal weight, and overweight females". Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Spring/doctoral/RIGGS_AMY_28.pdf.
Testo completo
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Menhofer, Dominik. "Glukosemetabolismus und Ketoseinduktion unter low-carbohydrate/high-fat-Diäten in der RatteU". Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-173620.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass LCHF-Diäten zu einer dem Fettgehalt in der LCHF-Diät
proportional geringeren Gewichtszunahme der Ratten führten. Jedoch geschah dies auf Kosten
der fettfreien Masse, denn die Fettmasse war in den LCHF-Diäten sogar höher als in der
Kontrollgruppe. Als ursächlicher Mechanismus für die geringere Gewichtszunahme scheiden
dr von Atkins propagierte erhöhte Grundumsatz und der Verlust von Energie durch Ketonkörper via Urin aus. Denn Ketose wird nur dann von LCHF-Diäten ausgelöst, wenn der Fettgehalt hoch und der Proteingehalt niedrig ist. Entgegen den Erwartungen wurden Schlüsselenzyme der Glukoneogenese in der Leber nicht hinauf- sondern herunterreguliert.
Warum dies so war, ist unbekannt, jedoch könnte die mittels Sudan®-III-Rot-Färbung von
Leberschnitten nachgewiesene hepatische Verfettung zu einer Beeinträchtigung der
Leberfunktion geführt haben. Auch die Niere schien keine zentrale Rolle für die
Glukoseerzeugung zu spielen. Die Ursache der extrem erhöhten mRNA-Expression von PEP-CK
im Duodenum (Faktor 8 bis 13) könnte durch eine erhöhte Verwendung des Enzyms in der
Glyceroneogenese erklärt werden. Die Ergebnisse sprechen nicht dafür, dass LCHF-Diäten die
Glukoneogenese auf Expressionsebene beeinflussen. Die mRNA-Expression der Glukosetransporter Glut-2 und Glut-4 wurden in der Leber und im Muskel nicht von LCHFDiäten beeinflusst. Jedoch scheinen LCHF-Diäten zu einer Herunterregulierung von Glut-2 im Duodenum zu führen. Im oralen Glukosetoleranztest konnte bei den LCHF-Diätgruppen, trotz positiver Insulinsensitivität laut dem oft in anderen Tierstudien verwendeten HOMA-Index,eine Insulinresistenz nachgewiesen werden. Dies bestätigt Studien, die die Validität
des - eigentlich für Menschen entwickelten - HOMA-Index für Tiermodelle in Frage stellen. Ob
die Insulinresistenz durch eine Beeinträchtigung des Inkretineffekts, der zu hohen Fettmasse,
der Leberverfettung oder durch eine reversible Anpassung des Körpers auf die fehlende
Nahrungsglukose ausgelöst wurde, konnte aber im Rahmen dieser Arbeit nicht geklärt werden.
Die Ergebnisse im Rattenmodell legen nah, dass LCHF-Diäten zwar zu Gewichtsverlust führen,
jedoch keine positiven Effekte auf die Körperzusammensetzung und die Glukosetoleranz haben und deshalb nicht als Diät empfohlen werden können.
11
Robey, Walter Wade. "Adipocyte hyperplasia and fat deposition in high-weight and low- weight chickens". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49880.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Four experiments were conducted to compare adipocyte dynamics and body composition among adult chickens from lines differing in growth rate and feed consumption. In Experiment I, forced caloric overconsumption increased weight gain and fat deposition, with concomitant increases in the total adipocyte DNA content of the assayed fat depots. Injections of DNA-specific [methyl³H] thymidine resulted in higher radioactivity levels in the fat depots of forced versus ad libitum or restricted-fed birds. Evidently, stimulation of fat deposition in adult chickens can be associated with adipocyte hyperplasia.
A second experiment was conducted to histologically examine the effects of forced caloric overconsumption on adipocyte size, number, and distribution in the retroperitoneal fat depot of adult weight-line birds. Similarly to Experiment I, force feeding increased fat deposition, resulting in increases in the retroperitoneal fat depot total adipocyte DNA content. The lipid/adipocyte DNA ratio also decreased during rapid depot expansion. This resulted in an increase in the small adipocyte population of the force fed birds when adipocyte diameter was increasing. Subsequently, when the constraints of force feeding were removed, adipose depot reduction occurred, with the mobilization of lipid from small as well as large adipocytes.
In a third experiment, the effects of estrogen administration and partial lipectomy were examined. In addition to the weight-line birds, a commercial broiler breeder stock was utilized. Estrogen administration depressed body weight gain and abdominal fat deposition when compared to placebo implanted birds. Partial lipectomy depressed body weight, fat deposition, and abdominal fat total adipocyte DNA content. Lipectomy modified several components of carcass composition without altering feed intake. No indication of a compensatory hyperplastic response to lipectomy was indicated.
A final experiment was conducted examining the effects of forced body weight fluctuations on body composition of male and females from the weight-selected lines. Although numerous first-order interactions were detected, force-feeding resulted in transient modifications in carcass composition and fat deposition which were more apparent in the high than low weight line, in females than males. After release to ad Iibitum feeding, the differences resulting from force feeding were reduced.Ph. D.
incomplete_metadata
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Sylvia, Stephen F. "Effects of physiological state, temperature, water, and extended mixing on low-fat, high-added water frankfurters". Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09042008-063636/.
Testo completo
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Selenius, Sofia. "En högfettkost som nutritionsstrategi vid uthållighetsprestation? : En systematisk litteraturstudie". Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-4533.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att undersöka om det finns stöd i nuvarande forskning för att en fettrik kost är mer effektiv som nutritionsstrategi vid uthållighetsprestationer jämfört med en kolhydratrik kost. Studiens frågeställningar är: Förbättras uthållighetsprestationen av en fettrik kost jämfört med en kolhydratrik kost? Hur påverkas kolhydrat- och fettmetabolismen av en högfett- och lågkolhydratkost? Metod Litteratursökningen genomfördes i databaserna Ebsco, Pubmed och Cinahl. Totalt inkluderades 16 artiklar, 11 artiklar från litteratursökningen i databaserna och 5 artiklar från valda referenslistor. Studierna kvalitetsgranskades med hjälp av SBU:s granskningsmall för randomiserade kontrollerade studier. Resultat I 3 av 16 studier förbättrades uthållighetprestationen vid intag av högfett- och lågkolhydratkost, i 4 av 16 studier försämrades prestationen och i resterande 9 studier sågs ingen signifikant skillnad i prestationen mellan kostinterventionerna. Majoriteten av studierna fick en förhöjd fettoxidation som resultat av en högfett- och lågkolhydratkost men ingen signifikant skillnad gällande blodglukos-, blodinsulin- eller blodlaktatvärde mellan kostinterventionerna. Slutsats Trots en förhöjd fettoxidation och välfyllda glykogenlager finns inte tillräcklig evidens för att påvisa en generell prestationshöjning vid uthållighetsprestationer av en högfettkost jämfört med en högkolhydratkost. Detta troligtvis på grund av nedsatt förmåga hos musklerna att använda glykogen. Resultaten från de studier som ingick i denna systematiska litteraturstudie visar konsekvent en försämrad prestation efter intag av högfett- och lågkolhydratkost vid arbetsintensiteter över 80% av VO2max. Vid arbetsintensiteter omkring 60-70% av VO2max kan prestationen eventuellt förbättras efter intag av högfettkost bestående av 60-70% fett och mindre än 15% kolhydrater.Aim The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is scientific evidence that a high fat diet is more effective as a nutrition strategy for endurance performance than a high carbohydrate diet is. The objectives of the study are: Does endurance performance improve by a high fat diet compared by a high carbohydrate diet? How is the metabolism of fat and carbohydrate affected by a high fat and low carbohydrate diet? Method The literature search was conducted in the databases Ebsco, Pubmed and Cinahl. A total of 16 studies was included, 11 studies from the literature search and 5 studies from selected reference lists. The studies quality was audited by SBU: s questionnaire for randomized controlled studies. Results Endurance performance was enhanced after ingesting a high fat- and low carbohydrate diet in 3 of 16 studies and was decreased in 4 of 16 studies. In the remaining 9 studies there was no significant difference in performance between the two trials. A high fat- and low carbohydrate diet resulted in an increased fat oxidation in the majority of the studies but there was no significant difference in bloodglucose-, blodinsulin- or blodlactatelevels between the two trials. Conclusions Despite increased fat oxidation and well-filled glycogen levels there is not sufficient evidence to prove that endurance performance will be enhanced by a high fat diet compared to a high carbohydrate diet. This is probably because of a lower ability of the muscles to use glycogen. The results from this systematic review consequently shows a decreased performance after a high fat- and low carbohydrate diet at work intensities over 80% of VO2max. At intensities around 60-70% of VO2max, the performance can possibly be enhanced after a high fat diet consisting 60-70% of fat and 15% or lower of carbohydrate.
14
Åkerlind, Maria. "Milk composition and metabolism of cows selected for high or low milk-fat concentration /". Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5702-5.pdf.
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Dargan, Richard Alan. "Properties of Low-fat Yogurt Made From Ultrafiltered and Ultra-high Temperature Treated Milk". DigitalCommons@USU, 1992. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5389.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Yogurts were made from intermediate-high temperature (100, 110, 120, and 130°C for 4 or 16 s), ultra-high temperature (140°C for 4 or 16 s), and vat heat (82°C for 20 min) treatments of skim milk fortified to 5% protein by either ultrafiltration or the addition of nonfat dry milk (NOM). Whey protein denaturation in heated milks increased with temperature and holding time from indirect plate heating and was highest in vat-heated milks. Whey protein denaturation and yogurt water-holding capacity increased with protein levels in the fortified milks compared to skim milk. Penetrometer gel strength and stirred viscosity in 21 day-old yogurt made from heated ultrafiltered skim milk exceeded those of yogurts made from NOM-fortified skim milk, even though the NOM yogurts contained more solids (13.0 vs 11.4%). Maximum gel strength and viscosity, and least syneresis of yogurts from ultrafiltered and NOM fortified yogurts occurred following intermediate-high temperature treatments of 1 00°C for 16 s, 110°C for 4 or 16 s, and 120°C for 4 s. There was significantly lower whey protein denaturation at these intermediate-high temperatures compared to UHT or vat heating. Gel strength and viscosity were lower and syneresis greater in yogurts from ultrafiltered or NOM-fortified skim milk following UHT treatment compared to yogurts made with intermediate-high temperature treatments or vat heating. The water-holding capacity of yogurts from fortified milks treated at intermediate-high temperatures was comparable to that of yogurts from vatheated milks. Fortification by ultrafiltration, to lower total solids (and without use of stabilizers) resulted in yogurt with higher gel strength and viscosity, and reduced syneresis compared to yogurt from NOM fortification. Yogurt prepared by intermediate-high temperature treatment had comparable or better gel strength and viscosity, and reduced syneresis compared to yogurt prepared by traditional vat heating.
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Meuser, Ashley R. "Changes in Social Cognitive Theory Constructs Influence Changes in Consumption of Fruits, Vegetables, Low-Fat Dairy Products, and High Fat/High Sodium Foods in Adolescents with Hypertension". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282167496.
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Pittman, Joshua Taylor. "The Metabolic Effects of Low Grade Inflammation on Postprandial Metabolism Following a High Fat Meal". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51543.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Inflammation is a central feature of various metabolic diseases including obesity and type-II diabetes. For this study, we hypothesized postprandial metabolism following an acute, high fat (HF) meal to be impaired in mice pre-injected with an inflammatory agonist. To this end, C57BL/6J mice were injected with saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1μg/kgbw) following an overnight fast and gavaged 2hr post-injection with water or a HF meal in liquid form (5kcal; 21.4%SF, 40.8%UF, 27.1%CHO, 10.7%PRO). Blood and muscle samples taken 3hr post-gavage underwent ex vivo analysis. Overall, results demonstrated a metabolic response to a HF meal that was blocked in the presence of LPS. Metabolic flexibility, though unchanged following the HF meal alone, was reduced following the HF meal in the presence of LPS. Additionally, state-4 uncoupled mitochondrial respiration, which was increased following the HF meal, was also reduced following the HF meal in the presence of LPS. Similar near-significant trends were also observed with total palmitate oxidation. Although no independent response to a HF meal or LPS exposure was observed, a unique interaction between treatments significantly diminished ADP dependent, state-3 and maximal respiration. These effects do not appear to be dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) since neither the HF meal nor LPS exposure resulted in increased production of ROS. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that acute activation of inflammatory pathways results in alterations in metabolic response to a HF meal in skeletal muscle from mice, although the mechanism underlying these effects is not yet understood.Master of Science
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Chang, Courtney Rochelle. "The effect of a low-carbohydrate high-fat breakfast on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/64156.
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Naples, Scott Thyfault John P. "Metabolic responses to a high fat diet in skeletal muscle of rats bred for high or low endurance running capacities". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6585.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on November 19, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Thyfault. Includes bibliographical references.
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White, Jennifer. "Training in acquisition of texture-cued fasting-anticipatory satiety in rats using high- or low-fat diets". Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20551.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Anticipatory satiety is the ability to reduce meal size when the diet at that meal is consistently followed by a short time interval to the next access to food. This prediction of intake is learnt, i.e. based on the association of a food's sensory characteristics with some consequence(s) of ingesting it.Two pilot studies were conducted using male Sprague-Dawley rats in which (1) the ability of food texture to cue fasting duration was indicated by evidence of anticipatory satiety in the low-fat powder-long/paste-short group and in the high-fat paste-long/powder-short group and (2) the pattern of anticipatory satiety was seen only in the low-fat granules-long/powder-short group.
In the main experiment (n = 9), anticipatory satiety was reached twice in the highfat powder-long/pellet-short group on days 16--23 (p ≤ 0.1) and once in the low-fat pellet-long group/powder-short on days 20--23 (p ≤ 0.1). The acquisition of texture-cued fasting-anticipatory satiety seems to depend upon high-energy density of the diet and the utilisation of textures which make it easier for the rats to eat.
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White, Jennifer. "Training in acquisition of texture-cured fasting-anticipatory satiety in rats using high- or low-fat diets". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0006/MQ44110.pdf.
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Wagner, Jana Louise. "Promoting one low-fat, high-fiber choice in a fast-food restaurant: use of point-of-purchase prompts". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80169.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research project investigated a method to promote one low-fat, high-fiber choice in a national chain fast-food restaurant. It is an extension of efforts toward large-scale dietary change. A procedural extension of a prompting strategy was used in an attempt to influence customers to choose a salad. A simple visual and print message based on themes derived from formative and pilot research at the restaurant was presented during two intervention phases of a reversal design. The message, "Be Fit and Healthy; Eat a Low-fat SALAD as Your Meal or Add a Side Salad," was displayed in colorful posters and tent cards which were placed on all the tables. Data from a comparison base in a neighboring town were obtained. A one-month follow-up phase was included in the design. Prices and in-store advertisements were identical in both locations. The existing computerized cash register system was used to obtain accurate, objective data.
Daily and weekly sales percentages of several entrees were obtained. Results of analysis using a correction procedure indicate that when graphically represented, salad sales across phases increased with the introduction of the prompts, and decreased with their removal. In addition, three entrees not represented by associated prompts remained stable across phases. For Salads-combined, results indicate that sales increased about 15% and 9%, respectively, for the first and second intervention phases. Daily temperature during this project was variable. Although a comparison site was used to control for the effects of weather, results indicate that salad prompting may have increased sales more during warmer temperature.
Population demographics were recorded. Analyses of the customer population during this project indicate customers were about equal by gender, and consisted primarily of white, 18-39 years old individuals. The cost for each added salad bought during the intervention was about $.22, and the cost to raise the percent of salad sales, each percent, across the four weeks was about $16.00. Future research should attempt to foster longer term behavior change and integrate multifaceted promotions.Master of Science
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Park, Sunmin. "Effects of high unsaturated fat diets on low density lipoprotein receptor activity in freshly isolated human mononuclear cells /". The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487779120908357.
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Nute, Maria L. G. "Influence of high and low glycaemic index carbohydrate pre-exercise meal on fat metabolism in men and women". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506210.
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Gregg, Lori L. "Effects of massaging minced batter on the physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics of low-fat, high added water bologna". Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09042008-063547/.
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Alhindi, Yosra. "Effects of low citrate synthase activity on physiological responses of mice to high fat diet and palmitate induced lipotoxicity". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231391.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main aim of this thesis was to examine the hypothesis that the A/J strain variant of H55N substitution affects citrate synthase (CS) enzyme activity and metabolic health in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). C57BL/6J (B6) mice and congenic B6.A-(rs3676616-D10Utsw1)/KjnB6 (B6.A) mice, a strain which carries the A/J allele of Cs on the B6 strain background, were fed a HFD (45% kcal from fat) for 12 weeks. CS activity, but not that of ß-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme dehydrogenase was lower in the gastrocnemius muscle of B6.A mice compared to B6 mice (P< 0.001). During HFD feeding the glucose tolerance of mice decreased progressively and to a greater extent in B6.A females compared to B6 females, with males showing a similar trend. Interestingly, after 12 weeks of HFD feeding only B6.A males showed increases (P< 0.05) in their resting metabolic rate; moreover; core body temperature were also increased (P< 0.05) for congenic B6.A of both sexes by the end of the study. However, body weight and fat gain did not differ between B6.A and B6 mice. The second aim of the thesis was to test the hypothesis that low CS activity promotes palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in muscle cells. After 18 hours of incubation in 0.8 mM palmitate, C2C12 muscle cells with a ~50% reduction in CS activity showed low (P< 0.001) viability, increased (P< 0.001) levels of cleaved Caspase-3, high levels of AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation (P< 0.05), low levels of protein kinase B phosphorylation, high mitogen-activated protein kinases activation (P< 0.001) compared to the control shRNA cells. This was coupled with higher levels of mitochondrial proteins (P< 0.05), which are involved in oxidative phosphorylation. C2C12 cells with reduced CS activity also showed high reactive oxygen species production (P< 0.05), low intracellular ATP levels (P< 0.05), and lower basal mitochondrial respiration (P< 0.001). In summary, the A/J strain variant of H55N is associated with low CS enzyme activity and impaired metabolic health when fed HFD. Palmitate has a lipotoxic effect on Cs shRNA transfected cells and can lead to cell death.
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Webster, Christopher. "Preliminary investigations for studying the effects of low carbohydrate high fat diets on gluconeogenesis in type 2 diabetes patients". Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32363.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is currently one of the major health challenges across the globe. Lifestyle changes are a key component of T2D management and there is growing interest in low carbohydrate high fat (LCHF) diets as a potential dietary strategy to improve glycaemic control, reduce T2D medication requirements, and improve body weight and lipid profiles. However, carbohydrate restriction is controversial. Results from observational studies generally do not support the food choices associated with carbohydrate restriction while results from short-term randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are more likely to show significant benefits of LCHF diets. Additionally, both study designs have limitations and opinion on LCHF diets is polarised due to ambiguities in how to interpret the available data. Chapter 1 of this thesis reviews the impact of prospective cohort studies, randomised controlled trials, and dietary policies on current opinions towards LCHF diets for the management of T2D. Uncertainty over the safety of LCHF diets remains a concern and additional observational studies and short-term RCTs of the same quality as existing research are unlikely to add any further clarity. For this reason, research focused on understanding the underlying mechanisms of carbohydrate restricted diets may be an alternative approach to alleviate or validate some of the concerns being expressed about LCHF diets. One such mechanism is the dysregulation of glucose production via gluconeogenesis, which is a key pathology of T2D but which has been incompletely studied. Indeed, the effects of LCHF eating on gluconeogenesis in T2D patients has not yet been studied, nor has gluconeogenesis been investigated in the context of T2D remission. This is an area of interest for future research and the aim of this thesis was to conduct preliminary studies to prepare the groundwork for such studies. There is large heterogeneity in the low carbohydrate diets that have been prescribed in controlled trials and the composition and characteristics of the LCHF diets that patients are finding effective in the real world is unknown. Study 1 (Chapter 2 of this thesis) aimed to better understand the LCHF diet by investigating the diet, diabetes status, and personal experiences of T2D patients who had self-selected and followed an LCHF diet of their own accord. This study was a multi-method investigation which consisted of quantitative assessments of diet and diabetes status, as well as in-depth interviews which were analysed using qualitative methods. Results from this study will be used to inform design and protocol decisions in future controlled trial studies. Study 2 (Chapter 3 of this thesis) piloted the use of stable isotope tracers for the quantification of endogenous glucose production and gluconeogenesis in the early postabsorptive state (5 hours after a meal). For methodological reasons, prior investigations have usually measured gluconeogenesis after an overnight fast and therefore, little is known about the effects of dietary composition on gluconeogenesis within the early post-absorptive state. Study 2 quantifies gluconeogenesis 5 hours after a meal and the validity of the data is discussed. Finally, Chapter 4 outlines future perspectives for research based on findings from Chapter 2 and Chapter 3.
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Mehling, Christine. "Comparison of low glycemic index high carbohydrate, high glycemic index high carbohydrate and monounsaturated fat-enriched diets on insulin sensitivity in the treatment of impaired glucose tolerance". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/MQ54157.pdf.
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Tsihlias, Elizabeth Bessie. "Comparison of low- and high-fibre breakfast cereals and a high monounsaturated fat diet without breakfast cereals in the dietary management of type 2 diabetes". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0007/MQ46135.pdf.
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Hiremath, Vinayashree. "DESIGN OF ULTRA HIGH SPEED FLASH ADC, LOW POWER FOLDING AND INTERPOLATING ADC IN CMOS 90nm TECHNOLOGY". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1291391500.
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31
Dschaak, Christopher M. "Production Performance and Profiles of Milk Fatty Acids of Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Whole Safflower Seed Containing High Fat and Low Fiber". DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/293.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Oil seeds are natural sources of fat and protein in diets for lactating cows, and are usually fed whole or crushed. A recently released variety of safflower seed, 'Nutrasaff,' contains high fat (47% crude fat) and low fiber (26% NDF), and has a potential to be effectively used as a fat supplement for lactating dairy cows. Therefore, a lactating dairy cow trial was conducted to assess production performance of dairy cows when fed graded levels of whole Nutrasaff safflower seed (NSS), to determine the optimum level of NSS supplementation in the diet and to identify its impact on milk fat content and milk fatty acid (FA) profiles. Fifteen Holstein dairy cows in midlactation (118 ± 39 days in milk) were assigned into 5 groups of 3 cows each according to previous milk yield. The experimental design was a triple 5 × 5 Latin square with each period lasting 21 d (14 d of treatment adaptation and 7 d of data collection). The animals were fed a basal diet containing 56% forage (69% alfalfa hay and 31% corn silage) and 44% concentrate mix. The diet was supplemented with 0 (control), 1, 2, 3, or 4% (DM basis) whole NSS. The NSS was added to the diet by replacing whole linted-cottonseed. Intake of DM ranged from 26.4 to 27.5 kg/d across all treatments, and did not differ due to NSS inclusion. Yield of milk and ECM averaged 33.7 and 31.6 kg/d, respectively, and they were similar in response to NSS inclusion. Milk fat percentage decreased with increasing NSS inclusion, while milk protein and lactose concentrations did not differ among treatment diets. Milk fat concentration was reduced by 11% when NSS was included at 4% of the dietary DM. Feeding NSS at 1, 2, or 3% resulted in a similar milk fat concentration, and these diets also had similar milk fat percentage compared with the control diet. Concentration of milk urea N decreased by NSS inclusion regardless of level of NSS inclusion, implying that NSS supplementation improved dietary N use for milk production. Digestibilities of DM (P = 0.12) tended to increase when NSS was supplemented at 1, 2, or 3%. Cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) linearly increased as the NSS inclusion increased. Total concentration of n-3 FA increased by feeding NSS at 1 and 2%, whereas total concentration of n-6 FA linearly increased with increasing inclusion level of NSS. This study clearly demonstrates that it is highly possible to use NSS as a means of fat supplementation to lactating dairy cows without negative impact on lactational performance if added less than 3% of dietary DM. The enhanced milk quality with increased cis-9, trans-11 CLA concentration due to the addition of NSS could have positive implications to human health.
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Murphy, Tamzyn. "Diet composition and perceptions around food in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus following a long-term low carbohydrate high fat diet". Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31053.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Type II diabetes mellitus (T2D) is described as a progressive metabolic disease, characterised by disrupted glycaemic regulation, and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Low carbohydrate high fat (LCHF) diets may be particularly effective and sustainable for the treatment of T2D and have become a popular ‘self-therapy’. This study investigates the real-world dietary composition and potential effects of a long-term LCHF diet on T2D. Materials and Methods: A multi-method descriptive study investigating the diet and related aspects in 28 adult T2D patients perceiving to follow an LCHF diet for ≥ 6 months. Data collection included a quantitative phase (general detailed health and a food frequency (FFQ) questionnaires, 24-hour diet recall (24HR), 3-day food record, anthropometry, blood pressure, blood sampling, past medical records) and a qualitative phase (semi-structured interviews). Results: LCHF (duration 2.1 ± 1.5 y) consisted of 67% fat (143.2 ± 67.9 g, mainly saturated fat from added fat, eggs, meat, poultry, seafood and full cream dairy), 10% carbohydrate (64.0 ± 27.9 g, primarily from full cream dairy, nuts and seeds), 20 % protein (96.0 ± 37.4 g, primarily animal origin) and 3% alcohol (primarily wine). Cholesterol intake (616.3 (402.8–804.2) mg) was higher, and fibre (14.7 ± 7.5 g), calcium and folate lower than recommendations. Added sugar (0.5% of energy intake) and processed foods were seldom consumed. Daily energy intake was 1946.3 ± 807.2 kcal (436.7 ± 728.3 kcal. d-1 calculated energy deficit). Intermittent fasting (≥ 16 h. d-1) was followed by 61% of the group. From pre-LCHF to the time of the study, reductions were seen in obesity prevalence (- 50 %), body weight (- 16.9 ± 11.7 %), HbA1c concentration (- 2.45 ± 2.59 %) and T2D prevalence (36 % were no longer classified as T2D based on HbA1c and T2D pharmacotherapy). Non-pharmacologically-induced changes in HbA1c concentrations showed HbA1c reductions in 75 % of the group during the time on LCHF. LCHF was generally reported as sustainable, linked to reduced hunger and cravings and improvements in overall health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Challenges included constipation, initial adaptation and social difficulties related to LCHF. Discussion and conclusion: These findings are the first to describe the nature and composition of a self-selected ad libitum real-world LCHF diet and coexisting health parameters. LCHF can be sustainable in T2D patients and may be linked to improvements in glycaemic control, medication reduction, hunger, health and HRQoL.
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Mukhtar, Rasha. "Metabolic syndrome, weight and cardiovascular co-morbidities : a randomised study comparing the effect of three dietary approaches on cardiovascular risk in subjects with the metabolic syndrome". Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.642020.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of disorders (obesity, dyslipidaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and hypertension) which individually or collectively lead to an increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease. Over the years it has been associated with endothelial dysfunction, raised markers of chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and clotting dysregulation. Studies have shown that the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in adults over the age of 20 years to be 24%, with approximately 12 million adults within the United Kingdom fulfilling the criteria for diagnosis. Numbers of individuals with the metabolic syndrome continue to rise following population trends of increasing sedentary lifestyle, high calorie intake, smoking, and stress. Associated is an increase in obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiac disease, stroke and death. The increase is such that we can no longer be complacent about how we address the metabolic syndrome or its associated components. The management of the metabolic syndrome is varied and includes alterations in diet, physical exercise, and oral medication. It is well documented that a 10% reduction in weight leads to reductions in lipid abnormalities, diabetes and diabetes-related deaths, other total morbidity and deaths. Many dietary regimens have been postulated to benefit not only weight gain but improve cardiovascular risk. To address this we investigated the effect three different diets (low fat; low carbohydrate, high fat; and low glycaemic load) had on the metabolic syndrome to assess whether it is the changes in dietary caloric or macronutrient intake, or overall weight loss that had the greater influences on those aspects of metabolic syndrome which could potentially reduce cardiovascular risk.
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Moore, Rebecca. "The relationship between a dietary pattern high in fruits, vegetables, low fat dairy, and whole grains and low in red meat and vascular structure and function in individuals with type 2 diabetes". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439307990.
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Thomson, Cynthia 1957. "The effect of a high fruit and vegetable, low fat dietary intervention on immune function, DNA adduct formation, and body composition among breast cancer survivors". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288909.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Each year in the United States five percent of the over 2.5 million women living with breast cancer will have a recurrence. The possibility that dietary change may increase breast cancer-free survival is currently under investigation. Three mechanisms by which diet may have an effect include: (1) improved immunity, (2) reduced oxidative DNA damage and (3) reduced body weight and fat. The hypothesis of this dietary intervention study was that women previously treated for breast cancer who adhere to a diet high in fruit, vegetables and fiber and low in fat would demonstrate improved immune function, reduced oxidative DNA damage and reduced body weight and fat as compared to women assigned to the control diet. Seventy-seven women treated for Stage I, II or IIIA breast cancer were enrolled in this clinical trial. Sixty-six completed the six month intervention. The average participant was caucasian, educated, postmenopausal and 52 years of age. At the end of six months the intervention the diet group showed significantly higher natural killer cell (NKC) lysis at an effector to target cell (E:T) ratio of 100:1. Lytic units were not significantly different. Diet was not associated with immune function except for beta-carotene intake which was associated with greater changes in the percentage of NKCs in the intervention group. Oxidative DNA damage was significantly lower among participants in the intervention diet group at the end of the study. Oxidative DNA damage was inversely associated with intake of vegetables, fruit and micronutrients thereof and positively associated with dietary fat, saturated fat and meat intake. No significant differences in body weight or fat were identified; however, both groups showed a significant decrease in body fat of 1.0%. In conclusion, the dietary intervention was able to produce significant changes in nutrient intake, a significant increase in NKC activity at an E:T ratio of 100:1 but not other immune markers, and significant reductions in oxidative DNA damage among breast cancer survivors. The role of NKC immunity and reduced DNA damage in relationship to breast cancer recurrence remains to be determined. A longer term, larger study should provide the answer.
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Graham, Amanda Brooke. "The effects of low-, medium-, and high-oil dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fat quality in finishing pigs". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15851.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Master of ScienceDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Robert Goodband
Three experiments used 1,756 pigs to evaluate the effects of corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) varying in oil content on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fat quality in growing-finishing pigs. A fourth experiment used 12 pigs and determined the energy concentration and nutrient digestibility of the DDGS sources used in the previous 3 growth studies. Lastly, a fifth experiment used 576 pigs to determine the effects of DDGS and wheat middlings (midds) withdrawal 24 d before harvest in diets without or with ractopamine HCl (RAC) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, fat quality, and organ/intestine weights. Experiment 1 determined that increasing 7.4% oil DDGS decreased (linear, P < 0.02) ADG and G:F. Also, final BW, HCW, and carcass yield decreased (linear, P < 0.03), but jowl iodine value (IV) increased (linear, P < 0.001) as DDGS increased. Experiments 2 and 3 utilized DDGS sources that contained 5.2 vs. 9.3, and 9.2 vs. 11.8% oil, respectively. In brief, results suggested that while ADG was unaffected, feeding DDGS with 5.2% oil reduced G:F. In Exp. 4, stepwise regression was used to develop prediction equations based to determine that a 1% change in oil content of DDGS will change the DE by 71 kcal/kg and NE by 118 kcal/kg. Experiment 5 determined that pigs fed corn-soy (CS) diets throughout the finishing phase had greater (P < 0.03) ADG, G:F, and carcass yield and lower (P < 0.01) IV than those fed high fiber (HF; DDGS and wheat midds) diets throughout, with pigs fed the fiber withdrawal intermediately. Pigs fed RAC had greater (P < 0.01) ADG, G:F, and carcass yield than pigs not fed RAC. Iodine values were lowest (P < 0.01) for pigs fed the CS diets, highest (P < 0.01) for those fed HF diets throughout, and intermediate for pigs fed the withdrawal diet. Withdrawal of the HF diet to a CS diet partially mitigated negative effects on carcass yield and IV, and feeding RAC, regardless of dietary fiber regimen, improved growth performance and carcass yield.
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Menhofer, Dominik [Verfasser], e Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Reincke. "Glukosemetabolismus und Ketoseinduktion unter low-carbohydrate/high-fat-Diäten in der Ratte : Was bewirkt eine Modulation des Fett-zu-Protein-Verhältnisses? / Dominik Menhofer. Betreuer: Martin Reincke". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060005727/34.
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Dikotope, Sekgothe Abram. "Response of serum lipids to a fat meal in Black South African subjects with different apoe genotypes". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1059.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.Sc. (Chemical Pathology)) --University of Limpopo, 2013Objectives The present study investigated how the serum lipids responded to a high-fat meal in black South African subjects with different APOE genotypes, a population that until recently was reported to be consuming a traditional diet of low fat and high carbohydrates. Methods Sixty students (males and females) of the University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus were successfully genotyped using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and grouped into four APOE genotype groups; ε2, ε2/ε4, ε3 and ε4. Only thirty-three subjects volunteered to participate in the oral fat-tolerance test (OFTT), but two were excluded for having abnormal total cholesterol (6.05 mmol/l) and LDL cholesterol (3.12 mmol/l) so only 31 subjects were left. The numbers per group were ε2=5, ε2/ε4=8, ε3=9 and ε4=9. After an overnight fast blood was drawn for measurements of baseline serum parameters. Subjects were administered a high fat meal 30 minutes after the baseline blood sample was drawn. Blood was drawn at intervals of 20, 40, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 minutes for measurements of postprandial serum parameter levels. Serum parameters measured were triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose and insulin. Results Mean levels of serum lipids at baseline in mmol/l were as follows; group 1[TG=0.69(0.55-0.81), TCHOL=3.10±0.29, HDL-C=1.12±0.32, LDLC= 1.67±0.28]; group 2 [TG=0.61(0.53-1.00), TCHOL=2.98±0.53, HDLC= 1.20±0.37, LDL-C=1.43±0.37]; group 3 [TG=0.67(0.28-0.86), TCHOL=2.96±0.54, HDL-C=1.22±0.30, LDL-C=1.46±0.47]; group 4 [TG=0.76(0.51-1.16), TCHOL=3.27±0.51, HDL-C=1.12±0.17, LDLC= 1.79±0.47]. There was no significant difference in the mean levels of baseline triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and ix high density lipoprotein cholesterol between the APOE groups hence no significant difference in the response to a fatty meal. Conclusions There was no significant change in serum lipid concentrations after a fatty meal in individuals with different APOE genotypes in a population that consume a traditional diet of low fat and high carbohydrates. Due to the small sample size, the results should be interpreted with caution. A larger study is recommended to ascertain the role of APOE genotypes on serum lipid response to a fatty meal in Black South African population.
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Lidgren, Agnetha. "Högfettskost till obesa barn : Pilotstudie". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-132431.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Syftet med denna pilotstudie var att studera om man hos pediatriska patienter som lider av sjuklig fetma kan se förändringar i metabolismen genom att ersätta den traditionella kosten med en kost bestående av hög andel fett och låg andel kolhydrater. De frågeställningar som används är om den förändrade kosten leder till en gynnsam förändring av metabola markörer samt hur patientupplevelsen av de nya kostråden är. Studien har både en kvantitativ och kvalitativ design. Totalt ingår 4 barn i åldern 4-17 år. Två av dessa har under fyra veckor ätit en kost bestående av hög andel fett (50-60E%) och låg andel kolhydrater (15-20E%). Efter avslutad intervention undersöktes hur metabola parametrar förändrats (blodprov) samt hur patienterna upplevt kosten (frågeformulär). Resultatet visar på att kostråden leder till en sänkning av triglycerider, glukos, HDL, total kolesterol och ASAT. Bland kontrollpatienterna ser man en ökning av triglycerider, HDL och total kolesterol. Upplevelsen av kostråden beskrivs som positiva, trots att nackdelar finns. Det finns en positiv attityd till att fortsätta med kostråden.
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McCabe, Matthew D. "A Novel Method of High-Intensity Low-Volume Exercise for Improving Health-Related Fitness and its Implications for Weight Management among College Students". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1490353579610849.
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Rodrigues, Manuela Ortega Marques. "Efeitos da perda de peso corporal induzida por dieta hipolip?dica ad libitum e pela restri??o cal?rica com dieta hiperlip?dica na inflama??o do tecido adiposo de camundongos obesos". UFVJM, 2017. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1614.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)
A expans?o do tecido adiposo branco na obesidade leva ? express?o alterada de prote?nas em seus adip?citos, bem como a infiltra??o de c?lulas do sistema imune, especialmente macr?fagos, cujas secre??es levam ao desenvolvimento da inflama??o cr?nica de baixo grau, a qual ? considerada subjacente ao desenvolvimento de in?meras comorbidades. Dentre as formas de tratamento da obesidade, dietas de restri??o cal?rica (RC) nutricionalmente balanceadas induzem a perda de peso e melhorias em marcadores sist?micos da inflama??o, mas os efeitos diretos no tecido adiposo visceral ainda s?o controversos. No entanto, existe uma lacuna sobre qual o impacto dessas dietas na inflama??o local, mesmo em condi??es de sobrecarga lip?dica. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da perda de peso corporal induzida por dieta hipolip?dica ad libitum e pela restri??o cal?rica com dieta hiperlip?dica na inflama??o do tecido adiposo visceral de camundongos obesos. Para tal, inicialmente, camundongos C57BL/6 com 12 semanas de idade, machos, foram divididos em dois grupos: LF ? alimentados com dieta controle hipolip?dica ? do ingl?s low fat (10% das calorias, fonte ?leo de soja, rica em ?cidos graxos poli-insaturados); e HF ? alimentados com dieta controle hiperlip?dica ? do ingl?s high fat (60% calorias, fonte banha de porco, rica em ?cidos graxos saturados) para indu??o da obesidade. Ap?s oito semanas, seis animais de cada grupo foram eutanasiados para verifica??o da adiposidade visceral e estado inflamat?rio (dosagens de prote?na C reativa ? PCR s?rica e hep?tica). Em seguida, os animais HF foram aleatoriamente divididos em tr?s grupos HF ? continuaram recebendo dieta HF; LFAL ? submetidos ao emagrecimento pela substitui??o da dieta HF pela LF e acesso livre (ad libitum) e RHF ? submetidos ao emagrecimento por receberem quantidades restritas em calorias da dieta HF para atingir o mesmo peso corporal dos animais LFAL. A partir deste momento, esses grupos foram alimentados, juntamente com os animais LF, por mais sete semanas. Ao final, foram avaliados o ganho/perda de peso corporal, a adiposidade, as concentra??es s?ricas e hep?ticas de PCR, e as concentra??es de leptina, adiponectina, e das citocinas IL-6, TNF e MCP-1 no tecido adiposo retroperitoneal, al?m da morfologia dos adip?citos e a presen?a de infiltrados inflamat?rios no tecido adiposo retroperitoneal. Ao final da fase de indu??o da obesidade, os animais HF estavam obesos e inflamados. Ao final da fase de indu??o da perda de peso, os grupos LFAL e RHF tiveram pesos corporais semelhantes, menores que o HF e se igualaram ao LF. No entanto, houve maior dificuldade em perder peso pelo grupo RHF em compara??o ao LFAL, dado pelas diferen?as significativas entre os deltas de perda de peso, que foram menores para RHF e pelos coeficientes de efici?ncia energ?tica, que foram maiores para o grupo RHF. Os animais LFAL retornaram a adiposidade e a hipertrofia dos adip?citos viscerais a valores semelhantes ao grupo LF. Isto provavelmente foi o que levou ? menor concentra??o de leptina com concomitante aumento da adiponectina e menor infiltra??o de c?lulas inflamat?rias neste tecido, igualando-se tamb?m ao LF. Em consequ?ncia, houve menor concentra??o tecidual de citocinas pr?-inflamat?rias, al?m de menor concentra??o hep?tica e circulante de PCR. J? para os animais RHF, houve apenas atenua??o da adiposidade e da hipertrofia dos adip?citos retroperitoneais. Isso foi suficiente para restabelecer a concentra??o local de leptina a n?veis semelhantes ao grupo LF, embora n?o tenha elevado a concentra??o de adiponectina. Al?m disso, a infiltra??o de c?lulas inflamat?rias menteve-se tamb?m elevada. N?o houve redu??o da concentra??o de citocinas pr?-inflamat?rias, ? exce??o da IL-6, que reduziu levemente. A concentra??o hep?tica de PCR foi atenuada, o que n?o refletiu na concentra??o s?rica dessa prote?na. Concluiu-se que a restri??o cal?rica com dieta hiperlip?dica foi menos eficiente em promover a perda de peso e de adiposidade e n?o melhorou a inflama??o do tecido adiposo visceral, comparada com a dieta hipolip?dica ad libitum. Inferiuse que a ingest?o de dieta com sobrecarga de lip?deos (60% das calorias) e de ?cidos graxos saturados foi mais determinante da inflama??o local do que a restri??o cal?rica per se.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017.
The expansion of white adipose tissue in obesity leads to altered protein expression in its adipocytes, as well as the infiltration of immune cells, especially macrophages, whose secretions lead to the development of chronic low-grade inflammation, which underlies the development of several comorbidities. Among treatments, caloric restriction (CR) nutritionally balanced diets induce weight loss and ameliorates inflammation systemic markers, but adipose tissue effects are still controversial. Moreover, there is a gap on the impact of these diets on local inflammation, even under lipid overload. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate effects of body weight loss induced by a low fat ad libitum diet and a CR in a high fat diet in the visceral adipose tissue inflammation of obese mice. Firstly, 12 weeks of age male C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: LF - fed a control low fat diet (10% calories, source soybean oil, high in polyunsaturated fatty acids); and HF - fed a control high fat diet (60% calories, source lard, high in saturated fatty acids) for obesity induction. After eight weeks, six animals from each group were euthanized to verify visceral adiposity and inflammatory status (serum and hepatic C-reactive protein-CRP). Then, HF animals were randomly divided into three groups: HF ? keept at HF diet; LFAL - a weight loss group that was switched from HF to LF and maintained on it ad libitum; RHF - a weight loss group that received restricted amounts of HF to maintain the same body weight as LFAL. Thereafter, these groups were fed, along with the LF animals, for another seven weeks. At end, body weight gain / loss, adiposity, serum and hepatic CRP concentrations, and adipose retroperitoneal tissue concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, IL-6, TNF and MCP-1 were evaluated, as well as adypocite morphology and the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue. Obesity was induced, since HF animals had higher weights, adiposity and were inflamed. At the end of the weight loss period, both LFAL and RHF had similar body weight, lower than HF and equal to LF. However, it was more dificcult to loose wheight by the RHF group compared to LFAL, since weight loss deltas were lower for RHF and energy efficiency ratios were higher for RHF group. LFAL animals returned visceral adiposity and retroperitoneal adipocyte hypertrophy similarly to the LF group. Also, there was a lower leptin level with concomitant increase of adiponectin and less infiltration of inflammatory cells in this tissue, also matching to LF. Still, there was a lower tissue concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, and a lower hepatic and serum CRP. For RHF animals, there was only an attenuation in adiposity and visceral adipocyte hypertrophy, although it was sufficient to restore local leptin concentration similarly to LF. However, this regimen was not able to elevate the adiponectin concentration. In addition, the inflammatory cells infiltration was highly elevated. There was no reduction in proinflammatory cytokines concentration, despite IL-6, which was reduced slightly. Hepatic CRP concentration was attenuated, which did not reflect in its serum concentrations. In mice with diet-induced obesity, the weight loss by means a CR in a high fat diet was less effective in promoting wheight and adiposity losses and it did not improve visceral adipose tissue inflammation. It can be inferred that a lipid overload (60% from calories) as well as a saturated fatty acid surplus from the high fat diet were more determinant of local inflammation than caloric restriction per se.
42
Lawrence, Judy Margaret. "To what extent do socio-economic status, knowledge, and confidence in cooking skills account for young women's choice of a diet low in fat and high in fruit and vegetables : what other factors may influence food choice in this group?" Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268774.
Testo completo
43
Hönemann, Ines. "Veränderungen kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren - mit besonderer Betrachtung von Homocystein und hsCRP - unter drei aktuell diskutierten Ernährungsstrategien zur Gewichtsreduktion: Low carb, Low fat und Low fat with reduced glycemic load". Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AF38-2.
Testo completo
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Hönemann, Ines [Verfasser]. "Veränderungen kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren - mit besonderer Betrachtung von Homocystein und hsCRP - unter drei aktuell diskutierten Ernährungsstrategien zur Gewichtsreduktion : low carb, low fat und low fat with reduced glycemic load / vorgelegt von Ines Hönemann". 2007. http://d-nb.info/991673751/34.
Testo completo
45
ZOU, CHENG-EN, e 鄒承恩. "Supplementation of pineapple peels or switching to a low-fat diet reduces high-fat diet-mediated inflammation and lipid accumulation". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84703045945137680889.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士嘉南藥理大學
保健營養系
105
The pineapple (Ananas comosus) belongs to Bromeliaceae, a kind of perennial herbaceous plant. It is generally believed to possess anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antithrombotic and other therapeutic properties. In Taiwan, the Tai-Nong no. 17 pineapple is major produced from Tainan city (Guanmiao district). Therefore, we took the part of crown, peel and stem in Tai-Nong no. 17 pineapple as experimental materials. In this study, our aims are: (1) to analyze the pineapple wastes-(crown, peel and stem) water and 99% ethanolic extracts on the nutritional and bioactive constituents, and (2) using a high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemic mouse model to investigate effects of pineapple peels supplementation for 8 weeks or switching to a low-fat diet in the fifth week on high-fat diet-mediated inflammation and lipid accumulation, as well as the related mechanisms. Results displayed that high-fat diet significantly increased body weight gain, serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and GOT activity, hepatic and fecal TC and triglyceride (TG) levels in mice. Either pineapple peels supplementation or switching to a low-fat diet had the potential to prevent weight gain and a marked reduction in serum TC, hepatic TC and TG levels. Supplementation of pineapple peels significantly decreased the relative tissue weights of adipose tissues (retroperitoneal fat pad and epididymal fat) and increased fecal TG and TC excretion. The hepatic mRNA levels of CYP4A10, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), IL-1β, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) exhibited a marked reduction in mice fed with pineapple peels. Increased CYP4A10 was thought of as the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α). We speculated that existed unknown ligands for PPAR-α activation in pineapple peels. On the other hand, our results indicated that the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, COX-2 and RAGE had significantly reduced in mice switching to a low-fat diet. We suggest that supplementation of pineapple peels or switching to a low-fat diet could both reduce high-fat diet-mediated inflammation and lipid accumulation. Results obtained from this study will provide a vital information for the development of pineapple peels into high economic value health food products through the lowering lipid accumulation and anti-inflammatory activities.
46
CHIU, CHUAN-LIN, e 裘川潾. "Effects of high fat diet-induced obesity in postpartum mice with intrinsic high- or low-aerobic exercise capacity". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6qrb22.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立體育大學
運動科學研究所
106
Excessive fat and calorie consumption could lead to an abnormal metabolism, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and accumulation of body fat, which is resulted in tissues injury or obesity. For general population, pregnant women are one of the high risk groups of obesity, and if there is no dietary control after pregnancy, the over-consumption of high-fat diet will increase the risk of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and lipid deposition. Exercise intervention is often highly variable among individuals, and the researchers have indicated that response to exercise may be affected mainly by genetic variations. In this study, we have selected and bred high- and low- intrinsic exercise capacity mice by using endurance swimming platform. All animals were assigned into 4 groups (n=8/group): high-exercise capacity postpartum mice with normal chow diet (FHC-ND); high-exercise capacity postpartum mice with high-fat diet (FHC-HFD); low-exercise capacity postpartum mice with normal chow diet (FLC-ND); low-exercise capacity postpartum mice with high-fat diet (FLC-HFD). Exercise performance were evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time. For clinical biochemical study, we evaluated the serum levels of glucose, lactate, ammonia, blood urine nitrogen (BUN), and one muscle damage marker, creatinine kinase (CK). The weight of ovarian bursa fat pad (OFP), retroperitoneal fat pad (RFP), perirenal fat pad (PFP) were recorded for calculating body fat profiles. Other organs such as heart, lung and liver will be examined by histopathology. All data were analyzed by a one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Our data showed that postpartum animals with high intrinsic aerobic exercise capacity could combat high-fat diet induced excess deposition of white adipose tissues, abnormal blood biochemistry, fatty livers, and decreased exercise performance.
47
Chiavaroli, Laura. "Oxidative Stress and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Associated with Low- and High-monounsaturated Fat Portfolio Diets". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24549.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The objective was to assess the effect of a high-monounsaturated fat (MUFA) dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods on oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk. Twenty-four hyperlipidemic subjects followed a very low-saturated-fat therapeutic control diet for 4 weeks after which they were randomized to receive the dietary portfolio, consisting of soy protein (20g/1000kcal), viscous fibre (10.3g/1000kcal), plant sterols (2-3g) and almonds (21.5g/1000kcal), in combination with high- or low-MUFA (25.9% and 12.9% MUFA, respectively) for the next 4 weeks, where MUFA replaced 13.0% of dietary carbohydrate.
On high-MUFA, there were significantly greater increases in HDL-C and apoA1 and significantly greater reductions in total:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (total:HDL-C) ratio and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) compared to the low-MUFA dietary portfolio. In all diets there were significant increases in protein thiols and reductions in conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) measured in the LDL-fraction, however no difference between the high- and low-MUFA diets.
48
方傑. "Effect of different galactomannans on the characteristics and sensory evaluation of high-fiber and low-fat ice cream". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66898100498930124757.
Testo completo
49
Yang, Ching-hsiang, e 楊景翔. "Health impacts of drinking water produced by different filters on mice with high- and low-fat dietary patterns". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sg2df4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立交通大學
環境工程系所
107
The residual particles and ions in the tap water have been reported to cause damages to human health. Therefore, most water users have installed household water filters to ensure the safety of water. There are various kinds of commercially household water filters, such as activated carbon (AC), ultra filtration (UF), ion exchange resin (IE), and reverse osmosis (RO) filters. In general, AC filter is used to remove odor and impurities, while UF filter is frequently applied to effectively remove the particulate matter. On the other hand, IE filter is used to eliminate specific ions; additionally, RO filter is used to remove particles and ions in water. The diversity of filter approach results in the variations in the quality of the filtered water. Besides, dietary behavior is other crucial criteria that directly affects human health. High-fat dietary easily results in human obesity and thus increases the risk of getting various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary behaviors with high- (HF) and low-fat (LF) feeds coupled with various drinking water types on the health of mice. Laboratory mice was selected as experimental subject, as they are mammals, and their physiological types, organ functions, and structures are similar to humans. Water samples were prepared to stimulate different treated water after household filters by adding differently concentrations of particulates and hardness. Water samples can be divided into simulated tap water with no turbidity (0 NTU) and hardness of 300 mg/L as CaCO3, simulated RO filtered water (0+0), simulated UF filtered water (0+30), simulated IE filtered water (10+0), simulated soft water with particle (10+30), and simulated hard water with particle (10+300). All of the water samples were used to feed the mice by coupling with LF and HF feed. The result shows that the mice fed with HF drank less water and were heavier than that of LF mice. With LF-0+0 and HF-0+300, the physiological response and target organ function of mice were less affected. However, the organ function was significantly damaged when mice exposed to LF-10+0 and HF-10+0. In addition, the presence of particles in the simulated filtered water resulted in the negative effect on the health of mice. Interestingly, such adverse effects could be eliminated when hardness ions existed in the water. Therefore, if particles exist in drinking water, the addition of calcium and magnesium ions could reduce the risk of health damage for both HF and LF dietary. And, it is recommended that clean water is suitable for those people who are under low-fat diets, while tap water is for those under high-fat diets.
50
Yu, Ching-Fang, e 余靜芳. "The Effect of Low Fat and High Fiber Nutrition supplement on the Blood Lipid of Type 2 Diabetes". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11025459964006686047.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士臺北醫學大學
保健營養學研究所
96
This study purpose was to evaluate the effect of low fat high fiber nutrition supplement on blood lipids in Type 2 DM patients. Study was divided as two phase. Phase one was to evalutate glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of low fat, high fiber nutrition supplement. Phase two was to evaluate the effect of low fat, high fiber nutrition supplement on the blood glucose and blood lipid of Type 2 Diabetes after they had nutrition supplement 3 months. The result as following, fat, high fiber nutrition supplement ‘s GI: 14.7, GL: 5.8. 46 Type 2 Diabetic subjects was recruited aged from 30 to 70 years old. This is a 5-month clinical study, observation period (month 0 to month 1), intervention period (month 1~4th), and the follow-up period. The study subjects were given 85g of low fat high fiber nutrition supplement in theintervention period. The LDL-C concentration of the subjects has dropped significantly (p＜0.05) after took the low fat high fiber nutrition supplement for 3 months. Albumin increased significantly ( p＜0.05). Fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol creatinine , blood urea nitrogen , aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase no significant difference exist. This low fat high fiber nutrition supplement was low GL and GL food and it had a positive effect on the blood lipid of Type 2 Diabetic patients.