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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "LTB"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 5 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "LTB"

Loc, Nguyen H., Nghiem V. Tung, Phan T. A. Kim e Moon S. Yang. "Expression of Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin B Subunit in Centella (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) via Biolistic Transformation". Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 21, n. 10 (7 settembre 2020): 973–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201021666200226094150.

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Background: Heat-Labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) produced by Escherichia coli, a non-toxic protein subunit with potential biological properties, is a powerful mucosal and parenteral adjuvant which can induce a strong immune response against co-administered antigens. Objective: In the present study, LTB protein, encoded by the optimized ltb (also known synthetic ltb, s-ltb) gene in centella plant (Centella asiatica) for use as an antigen, has been discussed. Methods: The s-ltb gene was cloned into a plant expression vector, pMYO51, adjacent to the CaMV 35S promoter and was then introduced into centella plant by biolistic transformation. PCR amplification was conducted to determine the presence of s-ltb gene in the transgenic centella plant. The expression of s-ltb gene was analyzed by immunoblotting and quantified by ELISA. In vitro activity of LTB protein was determined by GM1-ELISA. Results: PCR amplification has found seven transgenic centella individuals. However, only five of them produced LTB protein. ELISA analysis showed that the highest amount of LTB protein detected in transgenic centella leaves was about 0.8% of the total soluble protein. GM1-ELISA assay indicated that plant LTB protein bound specifically to GM1-ganglioside, suggesting that the LTB subunits formed active pentamers. Conclusion: The s-ltb gene that was successfully transformed into centella plants by the biolistic method has produced a relatively high amount of plant LTB protein in the pentameric quaternary structure that has GM1-ganglioside binding affinity, a receptor on the intestinal epithelial membrane.

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Jawale, Chetan V., e John Hwa Lee. "Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Ghosts Carrying the Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin B Subunit Are Capable of Inducing Enhanced Protective Immune Responses". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 21, n. 6 (26 marzo 2014): 799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00016-14.

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ABSTRACTTheEscherichia coliheat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) is a potent vaccine adjuvant.Salmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis ghosts carrying LTB (S. Enteritidis-LTB ghosts) were genetically constructed using a novel plasmid, pJHL187-LTB, designed for the coexpression of the LTB and E lysis proteins.S. Enteritidis-LTB ghosts were characterized using scanning electron microscopy to visualize their transmembrane tunnel structures. The expression of LTB inS. Enteritidis-LTB ghost preparations was confirmed by immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The parenteral adjuvant activity of LTB was demonstrated by immunizing chickens with eitherS. Enteritidis-LTB ghosts orS. Enteritidis ghosts. Chickens were intramuscularly primed at 5 weeks of age and subsequently boosted at 8 weeks of age. In total, 60 chickens were equally divided into three groups (n= 20 for each): group A, nonvaccinated control; group B, immunized withS. Enteritidis-LTB ghosts; and group C, immunized withS. Enteritidis ghosts. Compared with the nonimmunized chickens (group A), the immunized chickens (groups B and C) exhibited increased titers of plasma IgG and intestinal secretory IgA antibodies. The CD3+CD4+subpopulation of T cells was also significantly increased in both immunized groups. Among the immunized chickens, those in group B exhibited significantly increased titers of specific plasma IgG and intestinal secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies compared with those in group C, indicating the immunomodulatory effects of the LTB adjuvant. Furthermore, both immunized groups exhibited decreased bacterial loads in their feces and internal organs. These results indicate that parenteral immunization withS. Enteritidis-LTB ghosts can stimulate superior induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses compared to immunization withS. Enteritidis ghosts alone, thus conferring efficient protection against salmonellosis.

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Kim, Jung-Mi, Seung-Moon Park, Jung-Ae Kim, Jin-Ah Park, Min-Hee Yi, Nan-Sun Kim, Jong-Lye Bae et al. "Functional Pentameric Formation via Coexpression of the Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin B Subunit and Its Fusion Protein Subunit with a Neutralizing Epitope of ApxIIA Exotoxin Improves the Mucosal Immunogenicity and Protection against Challenge by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, n. 12 (26 ottobre 2011): 2168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.05230-11.

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ABSTRACTA coexpression strategy inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeusing episomal and integrative vectors for theEscherichia coliheat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) and a fusion protein of an ApxIIA toxin epitope produced byActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaecoupled to LTB, respectively, was adapted for the hetero-oligomerization of LTB and the LTB fusion construct. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with GM1 ganglioside indicated that the LTB fusion construct, along with LTB, was oligomerized to make the functional heteropentameric form, which can bind to receptors on the mucosal epithelium. The antigen-specific antibody titer of mice orally administered antigen was increased when using recombinant yeast coexpressing the pentameric form instead of recombinant yeast expressing either the LTB fusion form or antigen alone. Better protection against challenge infection withA. pleuropneumoniaewas also observed for coexpression in recombinant yeast compared with others. The present study clearly indicated that the coexpression strategy enabled the LTB fusion construct to participate in the pentameric formation, resulting in an improved induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses.

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Zhang, Wenna, Feng Liu e Feng Xi. "Lateral Torsional Buckling of Steel Beams under Transverse Impact Loading". Shock and Vibration 2018 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4189750.

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This study employs experiments and numerical simulation to analyze the dynamic response of steel beams under huge-mass impact. Results show that lateral torsional buckling (LTB) occurs for a narrow rectangular cross-section steel beam under transverse impact. The experiments were simulated using LS-DYNA. The numerical simulation is in good agreement with experimental results, thus indicating that the LTB phenomenon is the real tendency of steel beams under impact. Meanwhile, the study shows that LS-DYNA can readily predict the LTB of steel beams. A numerical simulation on the dynamic response of H-shaped cross-section steel beams under huge-mass impact is conducted to determine the LTB behavior. The phenomenon of dynamic LTB is illustrated by displacement, strain, and deformation of H-shaped steel beams. Thereafter, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of initial impact velocity and momentum on LTB. The LTB of H-shaped cross-section steel beams under transverse impact is primarily dependent on the level of impact kinetic energy, whereas impact momentum has a minor effect on LTB mode.

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Hur, Jin, e John Hwa Lee. "Enhancement of Immune Responses by an AttenuatedSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium Strain Secreting anEscherichia coliHeat-Labile Enterotoxin B Subunit Protein as an Adjuvant for a LiveSalmonellaVaccine Candidate". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, n. 2 (15 dicembre 2010): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00407-10.

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ABSTRACTA plasmid harboringeltB, the gene encoding heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB), was constructed by insertion ofeltBinto an Asd+β-lactamase signal plasmid (pMMP65). This was introduced into the ΔlonΔcpxRΔasd Salmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium strain and designated the LTB adjuvant strain. LTB protein production and secretion from the strain were demonstrated with an immunoblot assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The LTB strain was evaluated for enhancement of immunity and protection efficacy induced by a previously constructed liveSalmonellavaccine candidate. In addition, immunization strategies using the LTB strain were optimized for effective salmonellosis protection. Seventy female BALB/c mice were divided into seven groups (A to G;n= 10 mice per group). Mice were primed at 6 weeks of age and boosted at 9 weeks of age. All mice were orally challenged with a virulent wild-type strain at week 3 postbooster. Serum IgG and IgA titers from mice immunized with the LTB strain alone or with a mixture of the LTB strain and the vaccine candidate were significantly increased. The secretory IgA titers from mice immunized with the LTB strain alone or with the mixture were at least 2.2 times greater than those of control mice. In addition, all group E mice (primed with the vaccine-LTB mixture and boosted with the vaccine candidate) were free of clinical signs of salmonellosis and survived a virulent challenge. In contrast, death due to the challenge was 100% in control mice, 80% in group A mice (single immunization with the vaccine candidate), 60% in group B mice (primed and boosted with the vaccine candidate), 40% in group C mice (single immunization with the LTB strain), 30% in group D mice (primed and boosted with the LTB strain), and 30% in group F mice (primed and boosted with the vaccine-LTB mixture). These results suggest that vaccination with the LTB strain, especially when added at the prime stage only, effectively enhances immune responses and protection against salmonellosis.

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Galli, Giulia, Claudia Proto, Diego Signorelli, Martina Imbimbo, Roberto Ferrara, Arsela Prelaj, Alessandro De Toma et al. "Characterization of patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer obtaining long-term benefit from immunotherapy". Future Oncology 15, n. 23 (agosto 2019): 2743–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon-2019-0055.

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Aim: A minority of patients gains advantage from immunotherapy (IO). Predictive variables of long-term benefit (LTB) are incompletely understood. Materials & methods: We retrospectively collected data about metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with IO from April 2013 to July 2017. We defined LTB to IO as complete response (CR), partial response (PR) or disease stability as best response and maintaining it for ≥12 months. Results: Thirty-five of the 147 patients had LTB. More LTB patients than controls showed CR/PR as first and best response to IO. Only CR/PR as best response to IO retained association to LTB at multivariate analyses. Conclusion: Objective response appears as a central factor for LTB from IO.

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Jawale, Chetan V., Nithiphonh Somsanith, Seong Kug Eo, Sang-Youel Park e John Hwa Lee. "Evaluation of Salmonella Gallinarum ghost formulated with Montanide™ ISA 70 VG adjuvant as a vaccine against fowl typhoid". Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 63, n. 4 (dicembre 2015): 401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2015.038.

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Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) protein is a potent adjuvant. Salmonella Gallinarum ghosts carrying LTB (S. Gallinarum-LTB ghosts) were genetically constructed using a plasmid, pJHL187-LTB, designed for the co-expression of the LTB and E lysis proteins. This study evaluates the immunopotentiating effects of Montanide™ ISA 70 VG on S. Gallinarum-LTB ghost vaccination against fowl typhoid. Five-week-old layer chickens were injected intramuscularly with sterile PBS (non-immunised control, Group A), S. Gallinarum-LTB ghost (Group B) or S. Gallinarum-LTB ghost emulsified with Montanide™ ISA 70 VG adjuvant (Group C). Chickens from both Groups B and C showed significant induction of antigen-specific systemic IgG response compared to controls; in addition, Group C showed enhanced induction of systemic IgG response compared to Group B. We observed significant induction of antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferative response and increased mRNA levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL2) in both Groups B and C. Furthermore, in the challenge experiment with a virulent strain of S. Gallinarum, Group C showed higher survival rates compared with other groups. These results indicate that vaccination with the S. Gallinarum-LTB ghost in combination with Montanide™ ISA 70 VG may enhance the protective immunity against fowl typhoid.

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Ge, Jun-Wei, Di-Qiu Liu e Yi-Jing Li. "Construction of recombinant lactobacilli expressing the core neutralizing epitope (COE) of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and a fusion protein consisting of COE and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B, and comparison of the immune responses by orogastric immunization". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 58, n. 11 (novembre 2012): 1258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w2012-098.

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The core neutralizing epitope (COE) region of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) plays an important role in the development of the subunit vaccine against PEDV infection. To enhance the vaccine’s immunogenicity, Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B (LTB) has usually been adopted as a molecular adjuvant. In this study, the COE and LTB–COE genes were engineered into the Lactobacillus –Escherichia coli shuttle vectors pSAPG1 (surface-displaying) and pSAPG2 (secreting) followed by electrotransformation into Lactobacillus casei (Lc) to yield the following recombinant strains: Lc:PG1-LTB-COE, Lc:PG2-LTB-COE, Lc:PG1-COE, and Lc:PG2-COE. Our results showed that mice immunized orogastrically with L. casei expressing COE or LTB–COE produced secretory immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G with the ability to neutralize PEDV in sera and mucus. Moreover, higher levels of interleukin-4 and gamma interferon were also exhibited compared with negative control. These data displayed the tendency of Lc:PG2-LTB-COE > Lc:PG1-LTB-COE > Lc:PG2-COE > Lc:PG1-COE at the same time point. Taken together, LTB–COE is more suitable for Lactobacillus expressing system to engineer mucosal vaccine against PEDV infection.

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Loc, N. H., D. T. Long, T. G. Kim e M. S. Yang. "Expression of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit in transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit". Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 50, No. 1 (13 febbraio 2014): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/77/2013-cjgpb.

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We report a feasibility study for expressing the LTB protein (Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). We produced five regenerated plants obtained on the selection medium supplemented with an antibiotic. Stable integrations of the LTB gene into the genome of these plants were confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. Western blot analysis showed that only two of the five T<sub>0 </sub>transgenic tomato plants expressed the pentameric LTB protein in the fruits. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that these two plants synthesized the LTB protein bound specifically to GM1 ganglioside, suggesting that the LTB subunits formed active pentamers. The LTB protein produced in tomatoes can be a potential candidate for inexpensive, safe, and effective plant-based vaccines.

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Weltzin, Richard, Bruno Guy, William D. Thomas, Paul J. Giannasca e Thomas P. Monath. "Parenteral Adjuvant Activities of Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Toxin and Its B Subunit for Immunization of Mice against Gastric Helicobacter pyloriInfection". Infection and Immunity 68, n. 5 (1 maggio 2000): 2775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.5.2775-2782.2000.

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ABSTRACT The heat-labile toxin (LT) of Escherichia coli is a potent mucosal adjuvant that has been used to induce protective immunity against Helicobacter felis and Helicobacter pylori infection in mice. We studied whether recombinant LT or its B subunit (LTB) has adjuvant activity in mice when delivered withH. pylori urease antigen via the parenteral route. Mice were immunized subcutaneously or intradermally with urease plus LT, recombinant LTB, or a combination of LT and LTB prior to intragastric challenge with H. pylori. Control mice were immunized orally with urease plus LT, a regimen shown previously to protect against H. pylori gastric infection. Parenteral immunization using either LT or LTB as adjuvant protected mice againstH. pylori challenge as effectively as oral immunization and enhanced urease-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in serum as effectively as aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. LT and LTB had adjuvant activity at subtoxic doses and induced more consistent antibody responses than those observed with oral immunization. A mixture of a low dose of LT and a high dose of LTB stimulated the highest levels of protection and specific IgG in serum. Urease-specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibody subclass responses were stimulated by all immunization regimens tested, but relative levels were dependent on the adjuvant used. Compared to parenteral immunization with urease alone, LT preferentially enhanced IgG1, while LTB or the LT-LTB mixture preferentially enhanced IgG2a. Parenteral immunization using LT or LTB as adjuvant also induced IgA to urease in the saliva of some mice. These results show that LT and LTB stimulate qualitatively different humoral immune responses to urease but are both effective parenteral adjuvants for immunization of mice against H. pyloriinfection.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "LTB"

Green, Elizabeth Allison. "The development and use of antigen-antibody-LTB (Ag-MAb-LTB) complexes as immunogens". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13984.

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In the course of this work a novel strategy has been developed for linking the adjuvant Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin subunit B (LTB) to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) proteins via an antibody bridge and the systemic and mucosal immunogenicity of such SIV-MAb-LTB complexes have been investigated. A short peptide tag, termed Pk, was joined to the 3'-end of the gene coding for LTB and expression studies revealed that the gene product, LTB-Pk, could be efficiently synthesised and secreted from non-pathogenic Vibrio sp.60. Analysis of the functional properties of LTB-Pk demonstrated that LTB-Pk , like native LTB, was a heat-labile oligomer, that could bind to the glycolipid GM1-ganglioside and was immunogenic in vivo. In attempts to purify LTB-Pk for immunisation studies, both hydrophobic and ion-exchange chromatography schedules were analysed, the latter procedure being more efficient. Strategies were developed for joining LTB-Pk to one arm of an anti-Pk MAb, (MAb SV5-P- k) and Pk-linked SIV proteins to the other arm, and such SFV-MAb-LTB complexes bound to GM1 -ganglioside in vitro. Systemic immunisation studies suggested that SIV-MAb-LTB complexes, using recombinant p17 as the target antigen, promoted both humoral and cell- mediated immunity to the recombinant p17. In addition, it was later shown that conjugation of LTB-Pk to recombinant SIV proteins via an antibody bridge, resulted in a more efficent presentation of the recombinant SIV protein to the immune system, than co-administration of LTB-Pk with the recombinant SIV protein. However, intranasal administration of p17-MAb-LTB complexes did not induce immunity to recombinant p17. Subsequently it was shown that the recombinant p17 was highly susceptible to mucosal degradation, suggesting the poor mucosal immunogenicity of p17-MAb-LTB complexes may be related to the instability of recombinant p17 in the mucosal environment. Further investigations into the stability of other recombinant SIV proteins in the mucosa, revealed that recombinant p27 was more resilient to mucosal degradation. p27-MAb-LTB complexes were constructed and initial intranasal immunisation studies revealed that both systemic and cell-mediated immunity to recombinant p27, could be induced following intranasal administration. Furthermore, mucosal immunity to recombinant p27 was evident in the lungs of vaccinated mice, with anti-recombinant p27 IgG-secreting cells predominating.

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ISIDRO, E. G. C. "Modelos Simples de Lemaitre - Tolman - Bondi (LTB)". Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7459.

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O modelo padrão atual da cosmologia, o modelo ΛCDM (Λ-Cold Dark Matter), está baseada nas soluções homogêneas de Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) das equações de Einstein. As características da Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) e da formação de estrutura em grandes escalas, são estudadas através da teoria das perturbações cosmológicas no fundo homogêneo e isotrópico. No entanto, nos últimos quinze anos, modelos cosmológicos inomogêneos "simples"que são generalizações do modelo cosmológico FLRW ganharam interesse na comunidade astrofísica e têm sido utilizados para estudar fenômenos cosmológicos. Alguns autores demonstraram que estes modelos inomogêneos com simetria esférica e com fonte de poeira podem reproduzir um bom ajuste para os dados de supernovas do tipo Ia (SNIa) e a posição do primeiro pico da CMB. Estes modelos sugerem que a aparente expansão acelerada do Universo não é causada pela gravidade repulsiva devido à energia escura, mas é sim o resultado das inomogeneidades na distribuição da matéria. Nesta dissertação, os modelos inomogêneos do Universo são investigados na base da métrica de Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi (LTB), o que representa uma solução com simetria esférica para poeira. Dois modelos particulares são estudados: a evolução parabólica com tempo de Big Bang inomogêneo e a evolução hiperbólica com curvatura fraca e tempo de Big Bang constante. As propriedades de cada um destes modelos são investigadas em detalhe, da forma mais analítica possível. Ambos modelos são confrontados com observações astrofísicas da amostra Union2.1 SNIa. Conclui-se que esses modelos podem ser um ponto de partida para desenvolver modelos mais realistas. Portanto, a solução de LTB é capaz de explicar a relação observada entre a distância de luminosidade e o desvio para o vermelho de supernovas sem a necesidade da energia escura quando a inomogeneidade é da forma de um vazio ou quando se tem uma colina centrada no observador com a suposição adicional de que o Universo fora do vazio ou fora da colina é aproximadamente descrito pelo modelo de Einstein-de Sitter homogéneo.

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Harmon, C. Reid. "IPU/LTB a method for reducing effective memory latency /". Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04072004-180020/unrestricted/harmon%5Fc%5Fr%5F200312%Fphd.pdf.

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Maciel, Liana Flores. "Desenvolvimento de vacina recombinante de proteína M de Streptococcus equi subsp. equi". Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1199.

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The business related to equines in Brazil has an important participation in activities as leisure, culture and tourism, being responsible for millions of jobs. The equine distemper caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. equi is a disease of the respiratory tract with economical impact, generating losses with treatment and reduction in the animal performance. To solve this problem, prophylactic measures, such as the vaccination, are important. However, available commercial vaccines do not offer protection to more than 50% of the vaccinated animals. Several studies are being performed aiming the achievement of an efficient vaccine against the Adenitis, where several virulence factors are being evaluated as possible vaccine antigens, specially the M protein (SeM). Thus, the present work aimed the development and evaluation of a recombinant vaccine to the control of the equine distemper composed of the SeM antigen co-administrated with the recombinant Heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit of Escherichia coli (rLTB) and/or aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3). A total of 72 female BALB/c mice, divided into eight groups and 18 horses, divided into six groups, were inoculated by intramuscular or intranasal routes. The results obtained in the experiments showed that the rSeM was innocuous and immunogenic in both evaluated species, stimulating the production of specific immunoglobulin anti-rSeM without the addition of immunological adjuvant. Both adjuvant rLTB and Al(OH)3 were not capable to increase the titer of immunoglobulin anti-rSeM in mice, while in horses, the treatment rSeM + rLTB (IM) showed a significant increase in the level of seric immunoglobulin IgG anti-rSeM. Interestingly, the production of anti-rSeM secretory IgA in the upper respiratory tract has a significant increase in horses treated with rSeM + Al(OH)3 (IM). This result is promising to further studies with rSeM as an antigen for vaccines, as well as is the administration of rLTB as an immunological adjuvant.
A equinocultura no Brasil ganha espaço em setores ligados ao lazer, cultura e turismo, sendo responsável por milhões de empregos. A Adenite Equina causada pelo Streptococcus equi subsp. equi é uma doença do aparelho respiratório de elevado impacto econômico, gerando gastos com mão-de-obra e perda de desempenho dos animais. Para amenizar este problema, medidas profiláticas são importantes, como por exemplo, a vacinação. Porém, as vacinas disponíveis no mercado protegem apenas 50% dos animais. Vários estudos vêm sendo realizados para obtenção de uma vacina mais eficiente contra a Adenite, onde vários fatores de virulência do patógeno estão sendo avaliados como possíveis antígenos vacinais, com destaque para a proteína M de S. equi (SeM). Com base nisso este trabalho objetivou o desenvolvimento e avaliação de uma vacina recombinante para controle da Adenite Equina, utilizando como antígeno a rSeM e como adjuvantes a subunidade B da enterotoxina termolábil de Escherichia coli (rLTB) e ou hidróxido de alumínio (Al(OH)3). Para este estudo foram utilizados 72 camundongos Balb/c fêmeas divididos em 8 grupos e 18 cavalos divididos em 6 grupos, inoculados por via IM ou IN. Os resultados mostraram que a rSeM foi inócua e imunogênica para ambas as espécies avaliadas, estimulando níveis significativos de imunoglobulinas (lgs) anti-rSeM sem a necessidade de uso de qualquer adjuvante imunológico. Os adjuvantes rLTB e Al(OH)3 não foram capazes de incrementar significativamente os títulos de lgs antirSeM em camundongos, enquanto que em cavalos o tratamento rSeM + rLTB (IM) promoveu um aumento significativo no título sérico de IgG anti-rSeM. Interessantemente, a produção de IgA secretória anti-rSeM no trato respiratório superior de cavalos teve aumento significativo no tratamento com rSeM + Al(OH)3 (IM). Estes resultados são promissores para a continuidade de estudos visando a utilização da rSeM como antígeno vacinal. Da mesma forma, o uso da rLTB como adjuvante em vacinas para cavalos parece ser promissor.

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Klafke, Gabriel Baracy. "Integração e expressão do gene ltb-r1 em plantas de tabaco". Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2010. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1282.

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During the past decades, the development of genetically modified plants became a consolidated reality. Taking advantage of the genetic engineering process, it is possible to obtain modified plants to use as bioreactors in the production of tissue or organs expressing antigens which can be easily used as vaccines. The plant-based expression systems as tomato and lettuce, which attend as models for that process, present innumerous advantages such as conservation of eukaryotic machinery, which promote pos-translational modifications, possibility of large-scale production and development of safer and economically more attractive vaccines. Taking use of that strategy, the Swine mycoplasm hyopneumoniae (SMP) disease can be one important and possible target to either be eradicated or controlled. The SMP, caused by fastidious bacterium Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, is one of the most important respiratory disease in swine breeding, due to its very high prevalence coupled with associated losses all over the whorld, and has in the recombinant DNA technology a viable alternative in the development of more effective and safe vaccines The objective of my work was to genetically manipulate tobacco plants in order to use them as bioreactor in the production of an antigen against PMS. Tobacco leaves and internodes were cultured in different concentrations of BAP and AIA hormones. The best regeneration results for both explants were seen with 1,5mg.L-1 BAP and 0,1mg.L-1 AIA. The selection test with the kanamycin antibiotic appeared to be highly effective, showing a total inhibition of regeneration with 30 mg.L-1 and 100 mg.L-1 for leaves and internodes respectively. The recombinant colonies of A. tumefaciens, containing ltb-r, were co-cultivated with the internodes and leaves from plants germinated in vitro. The next step, the explants were transferred to the selection medium in order to induce the selection of the putatively transformed cells. The genomic DNA from regenerated and putatively transformed plants were extracted and amplified by PCR, where it was detected the presence of a band referent to ltb r1. The analyses of the integration and the transcription of ltb-r1 were carried out by Southern blot and RT-PCR, respectively. In both techniques, it was possible to confirm the presence of one band which corresponds to the expected size of ltb-r1, supporting the integration and expression of the gene. However, with the tests used here, it was not possible to detect with accuracy the recombinant protein
Nas últimas décadas, o desenvolvimento de plantas geneticamente modificadas tornou-se uma realidade consolidada. Nesse sentido, utilizando-se da engenharia genética, é possível obter plantas servindo como biorreatores na produção de tecidos ou orgãos expressando antígenos que podem ser facilmente utilizados como vacina. Os sistemas de expressão em plantas como tomate, alface, tabaco que servem como modelos desse processo, apresentam várias vantagens, entre elas, a conservação da maquinaria eucariótica que promove as modificações póstraducionais das proteínas e ainda a possibilidade de produção em larga escala. Dentro desta estratégia de produção de proteínas, pode-se citar a pneumonia micoplásmica suína (PMS), causada pelo agente Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, uma das principais doenças de suínos que provoca elevadas perdas econômicas em todo mundo, e tem, na tecnologia do DNA recombinante, uma alternativa de desenvolvimento de vacinas mais efetivas. O objetivo do trabalho foi transformar plantas de tabaco para sua utilização como biorreator na produção de um antígeno vacinal contra a PMS. Folhas e entrenós foram cultivados em diferentes concentrações de BAP e AIA. As melhores taxas de regeneração foram encontradas utilizando 1,5 mg.L-1 de BAP e 0,1 mg.L-1 de AIA para segmentos de folhas e entrenós. O teste de seleção utilizando canamicina mostrou-se altamente eficiente, obtendo-se a supressão da regeneração com 30 mg.L-1 e 100 mg.L-1 para segmentos de folhas e entrenós, respectivamente. Colônias recombinantes de A. tumefaciens contendo ltb-r1 foram co-cultivadas com entrenós e segmentos foliares de plantas germinadas in vitro. Após esta etapa, os explantes foram transferidos para meios de seleção, visando selecionar células possivelmente transformadas. O DNA genômico das plantas regeneradas e putativamente transformadas foi extraído e amplificado por PCR, na qual foi possível visualizar uma banda referente ao ltb-r1. A detecção da integração e transcrição do gene foi realizada por Southern blot e RTPCR, respectivamente. Em ambas as técnicas, foi possível verificar a presença de uma banda do tamanho esperado para ltb-r1, demonstrando assim, a integração e expressão do gene. Entretanto, não foi possível detectar com precisão, através dos testes utilizados, a proteína recombinante.

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Grassmann, André Alex. "Proteção contra leptospirose induzida por LipL32 coadministrada ou fusionada à LTB". Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2011. http://guaiaca.ufpel.edu.br/handle/123456789/1285.

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Leptospirosis is an infectious disease that affects humans, wild and domestic animals worldwide. Pathogenic spirochetes from the Leptospira genus are the causative agents of this zoonosis. The several Leptospira species have noted antigenic diversity, even within the same species. This is the main reason current bacterin vaccines have limitations, such as adverse effects and short term immunity, restricting their use in human populations. The need for effective leptospirosis vaccines promoted studies on characterization of new vaccine candidates. The 32 kDa outer membrane lipoprotein, LipL32, is the most abundant protein in the whole leptospira proteome, it is conserved in all pathogenic serovars and absent in saprophytes. This protein is immunogenic and able to bind to mammalian extracellular matrix. However, LipL32 subunit vaccines did not protect animals against challenge. In an attempt to solve this, we use LipL32 fused and coadministered with B subunit of the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB) to enhance the immune response. LTB is a non-toxic molecule with immunoestimulatory and immunomodulatory properties. The recombinant proteins rLTB, rLipL32 and rLTB::LipL32 were expressed in E. coli, purified and characterized. Female hamsters were distributed in groups as follows: rLTB; rLTB+rLipL32; rLTB::LipL32, homologous bacterin; PBS. The serum from each animal was collected for humoral immune response determination by ELISA. The animals were challenged with 5×LD50 dose of Leptospira interrogans strain Fiocruz L1-130. Both treatments induced high titers of anti-rLipL32 antibodies. The rLTB+rLipL32 and rLTB::LipL32 treatments afforded significant protective response upon challenge, when compared to control groups (p<0.05). No prior study with leptospirosis had used LTB as the adjuvant, or fused antigens in an attempt to control this disease. Furthermore, this is the first report of a protective subunit vaccine using rLipL32 as the antigen, and an important contribution towards the development of improved leptospirosis vaccines.
A leptospirose é uma doença infecciosa que afeta humanos e animais silvestres e domésticos em todo mundo. As espiroquetas patogênicas do gênero Leptospira são os agentes causadores desta zoonose. As diversas espécies de leptospiras possuem notada diversidade antigênica, inclusive em uma mesma espécie. Esta característica resulta em limitação das atuais vacinas bacterinas que não induzem proteção cruzada entre os diferentes sorovares. Além disso, estas vacinas geram efeitos adversos e imunidade de curta duração, restringindo seu uso em populações humanas. A necessidade de novas vacinas eficazes contra a leptospirose estimulou estudos para caracterizar novos antígenos vacinais. A lipoproteína de membrana externa de 32 kDa, LipL32 é a proteína mais abundante no proteoma total da leptospira, conservada entre todos os sorovares patogênicos e ausente nas leptospiras saprófitas. Esta proteína é imunogênica e possui habilidade de ligar-se à matriz extracelular de mamíferos. Porém, animais inoculados com vacinas de subunidade utilizando LipL32 não sobrevivem ao desafio. Em função disso, utilizamos LipL32 fusionada e co-administrada com a subunidade B da enterotoxina termolábil de Escherichia coli (LTB) para melhorar a resposta imune. LTB é uma molécula atóxica com reconhecida atividade imunoestimuladora e imunomoduladora. As proteínas recombinantes rLTB, rLipL32 e rLTB::LipL32 foram produzidas em E. coli, purificadas e caracterizadas. Hamsters fêmeas foram distribuídas em grupos e inoculadas com duas doses, da seguinte forma: rLTB; rLTB+rLipL32; rLTB::LipL32, bacterina homóloga e PBS. Soro foi coletado individualmente para determinação da resposta imune humoral por ELISA. Os animais foram desafiados com uma dose de 5×DL50 de Leptospira interrogans cepa Fiocruz L1-130. Os tratamentos induziram altos títulos de anticorpos anti-rLipL32. Os tratamentos rLTB+rLipL32 e rLTB::LipL32 induziram resposta protetora significativa frente ao desafio quando comparados com os grupos controle (p<0,05). Nenhum estudo anterior usou LTB como adjuvante para uma vacina contra leptospirose, tampouco antígenos fusionados com o intuito de controlar esta doença. Além disso, este é o primeiro relato de indução de imunidade protetora utilizando rLipL32 como vacina de subunidade, uma importante contribuição para o desenvolvimento de vacinas mais eficazes contra leptospirose.

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Petrie, Allan Gilmour. "Potential of PLG and LTB for oral delivery of antigens to salmonids". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401271.

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Biocompatible polymer poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) and Escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin B-subunit (LTB) were investigated with regards to their potential for delivering antigens following oral delivery to salmonids. A commercial immersion vaccine against furunculosis was encapsulated within PLG microparticles and delivered to Atlantic salmon by oral intubation and intra-peritoneal injection. Following delivery, antibody responses and protection against lethal challenge with Aeromona salmonicida were minimal. SEM and protein studies of particles indicated that encapsulation of bacterial cells was sub-optimal. Adjuvant effect of PLG microparticles containing a model protein antigen (human gamma-globulin) was investigated following intra-peritoneal injection to rainbow trout. Release of protein from the microparticles was determined in-vitro. Specific antibodies were determined at set time points following injection by ELISA and no detectable immune response was measured in fish where protein encapsulated within PLG was delivered. This may be explained by the fact that in-vitro release of HGG from microparticles over the experimental period was minimal. The ability of Atlantic salmon to take up microparticles was investigated following anal and oral intubation of fluorescent microspheres of known sizes. Following anal intubation, microspheres in the range of 0.1 to 3mm, were detected within spleen and kidney sections. The route of uptake of microspheres was not determined. Following oral intubation, microspheres were detected within the hindgut lumen, although not to the same degree as following anal intubation, and no microspheres were detected within kidney or spleen sections. Incorporation of plasmid DNA vaccine into microparticles or adsorption onto positively charged microparticles were investigated. Both encapsulation within and adsorption onto charged PLG microparticles was demonstrated although technical difficulties were incurred in producing quantities sufficient for immunisation studies. The potential of LTB as an antigen carrier molecule was investigated using recombinant LTB produced within transgenic potato tubers.

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Gravier, Christine. "Synthèse du leucotriène (+)-LTB et d'un analogue à partir du D-mannitol". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598017q.

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Elbelrhiti, Elalaoui Abdelbaki Fontana Marc. "Spectroscopie Raman et étude des propriétés électrooptiques du Tétraborate de Lithium Li2B4O7(LTB)". Metz : Université Metz, 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2002/Elbelrhitti_Elalaoui.Abdelbaki.SMZ0215.pdf.

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Gravier-Pelletier, Christine. "Synthese du leucotriene enantiomeriquement pru ltb quatre et d'un analogue a partir du d-manniotol". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066507.

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Libri sul tema "LTB"

Kirkup, Jonathan. The Lib-Lab Pact. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137527691.

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Perché Lib-Lab: Mutamento e leadership nel caso italiano. Roma: A. Pellicani, 1985.

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Eric, McClellan, a cura di. How to build max-performance Chevy LT1/LT4 engines. North Branch, MN: CarTech, 2012.

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Perez, André. LTE and LTE Advanced. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119145462.

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Samosata, Lucian of, a cura di. Das Lob der Fliege von Lukian bis L.B. Alberti: Gattungsgeschichte, Texte, Übersetzungen und Kommentar. Bern: P. Lang, 2000.

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Newbery, Linda. Lob. Oxford: David Fickling, 2010.

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Taha, Abd-Elhamid M., Hossam S. Hassanein e Najah Abu Ali. LTE, LTE-Advanced and WiMAX. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119970446.

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Ghosh, Amitabha. Essentials of LTE and LTE-A. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Zer-i lab: Inshāʼe = Zere lab. Naʼī Dihlī: Nirālī Dunyā Pablīkeshanz, 2005.

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Voodoo, Ltd. Thorndike, Me: G.K. Hall, 1993.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "LTB"

Jennewein, H. M., R. Anderskewitz, C. J. Meade, M. Pairet e F. Birke. "LTB₄ Antagonism". In New Drugs for Asthma, Allergy and COPD, 121–25. Basel: KARGER, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000062146.

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Hunda, B. M., A. M. Solomon, V. M. Holovey, T. V. Hunda, P. P. Puga e R. T. Mariychuk. "Luminescent Properties Of Li2B4O7 (LTB) Polycrystals At The Deviation From Stoichiometry". In Photovoltaic and Photoactive Materials — Properties, Technology and Applications, 297–300. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0632-3_25.

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Bedon, Chiara, e Jan Belis. "Mechanical Behavior and Resistance of Structural Glass Beams in Lateral-Torsional Buckling (LTB) with Adhesive Joints". In Advanced Engineering Materials and Modeling, 1–47. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119242567.ch1.

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Kirkup, Jonathan. "Introduction". In The Lib-Lab Pact, 1–3. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137527691_1.

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Kirkup, Jonathan. "The Renewal of the Lib-Lab Agreement". In The Lib-Lab Pact, 165–81. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137527691_10.

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Kirkup, Jonathan. "The Second Phase of the Lib-Lab Pact, July–September 1977". In The Lib-Lab Pact, 182–92. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137527691_11.

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Kirkup, Jonathan. "The Final Phase of the Lib-Lab Pact, October 1977–August 1978". In The Lib-Lab Pact, 193–218. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137527691_12.

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Kirkup, Jonathan. "Conclusion". In The Lib-Lab Pact, 219–22. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137527691_13.

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Kirkup, Jonathan. "Cross-Party Co-operation in British Politics, 1945–1977". In The Lib-Lab Pact, 4–25. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137527691_2.

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Kirkup, Jonathan. "Build-Up to the Lib-Lab Pact, 1974–1977". In The Lib-Lab Pact, 26–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137527691_3.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "LTB"

"LTB-3D conference committee". In 2014 4th IEEE International Workshop on Low Temperature Bonding for 3D Integration (LTB-3D). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ltb-3d.2014.6886138.

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"LTB-3D conference committee". In 2017 5th International Workshop on Low Temperature Bonding for 3D Integration (LTB-3D). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ltb-3d.2017.7947393.

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"LTB-3D 2019 Committee". In 2019 6th International Workshop on Low Temperature Bonding for 3D Integration (LTB-3D). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ltb-3d.2019.8735170.

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"LTB-3D 2019 Exhibitors". In 2019 6th International Workshop on Low Temperature Bonding for 3D Integration (LTB-3D). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ltb-3d.2019.8735231.

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"LTB-3D 2019 Preface". In 2019 6th International Workshop on Low Temperature Bonding for 3D Integration (LTB-3D). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ltb-3d.2019.8735254.

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"LTB-3D 2019 Sponsors". In 2019 6th International Workshop on Low Temperature Bonding for 3D Integration (LTB-3D). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ltb-3d.2019.8735285.

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Gueham, A., N. Mebarki, N. Mebarki e J. Mimouni. "FLRW and LTB Cosmology in Extra Dimensions". In THE THIRD ALGERIAN WORKSHOP ON ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3518337.

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Sussman, Roberto A., Jean-Michel Alimi e André Fuözfa. "Quasi-local variables and scalar averaging in LTB dust models". In INVISIBLE UNIVERSE: Proceedings of the Conference. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3462612.

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Kurdi, G., K. Osvay, J. Klebniczki, M. Divall, E. J. Divall, Á. Péter, K. Polgár e J. Bohus. "Two-photon-absorption of BBO, CLBO, KDP and LTB crystals". In Advanced Solid-State Photonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/assp.2005.mf18.

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"Cover page". In 2017 5th International Workshop on Low Temperature Bonding for 3D Integration (LTB-3D). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ltb-3d.2017.7947388.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "LTB"

Reece R. K., T. Roser, R. Thern, M. Tananka, V. Garczynski, J. Wei e D.-P. Deng. Matching Between LTB and Booster. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1131607.

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Williams N. e E. Bleser. Linac to Booster (LTB) Steering. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1132409.

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Sun, Yipeng, James Safranek e Kai Tian. Trajectory studies for SPEAR3 LTB. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1074151.

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Sampson P. Emittance Measurements in the LTB and BTA Lines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1132391.

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Roser T. e J. Skelly. Emittance Measurements of 200 MeV Proton Beam in the LTB Transfer Line. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1131605.

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Payne, T. L., e C. Kniel. A Survey of LTR Program Industry Partner Satisfaction at Oak Ridge National Lab. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febbraio 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/760509.

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ZIADA, H. H. Design analysis of 2,000 lb JIB crane for chemical lab. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), settembre 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/798000.

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Horansky, Robert D., Jason B. Coder e John M. Ladbury. LTE handset emissions:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, agosto 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.2056.

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Pavlovichev, A. M. LTA Physics Design: Description of All MOX Pin LTA Design. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), settembre 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814155.

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Charness, Gary, e Peter Kuhn. Lab Labor: What Can Labor Economists Learn from the Lab? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, aprile 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15913.

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