Tesi sul tema "Luke 9"

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
A presente dissertação, que tem como Título O Outro que me justifica, trata-se de uma análise exegético/hermenêutica sobre a perícope Lucana 18, 9-14, a parábola do Fariseu e do Publicano. A metodologia adotada é a aplicação dos passos do Método Histórico Crítico, trazendo também algumas considerações para a realidade geral da teologia e algumas ciências afins, como a filosofia e a psicologia. A parábola de Lc 18, 9-14, conhecida como a do Fariseu e do Publicano, ao longo da história vem sido interpretada como uma parábola que trate sobre a oração, ou seja a forma adequada com que o discípulo deve se referir a Deus. Outra linha recorrente ao longo da história é a de que esta tenha sido uma parábola sobre a humildade, já que a atitude soberba do fariseu contrasta com a figura humilde do publicado que nem sequer ousa levantar os olhos aos céus, e que desce para casa recebendo os favores divinos. O presente trabalho continua a mostrar a validez dessas interpretações, ao mesmo tempo mostra que eles não são suficientes para mostrar a riqueza de significado do texto. O presente trabalho se propõe a mostrar a parábola como um exemplo presente já nos sinóticos da doutrina da justificação pela fé, que será posteriormente desenvolvida pelo apóstolo Paulo, e que abarca com maior totalidade o sentido semântico desta, e que abarca também as interpretações anteriores que foram feitas desta.
This work, which has the title The Other justifying me, this is an exegetical analysis / hermeneutics on the pericope Lucana 18, 9-14, the parable of the Pharisee and the Publican. The methodology is the implementation of the steps of the Critical History Method, also bringing some considerations to the overall reality of theology and some related sciences, such as philosophy and psychology. The parable of Luke 18: 9-14, known as the Pharisee and the Publican, throughout history has been interpreted as a parable that deals on prayer, that is the proper way in which the student must refer to God. Another recurring line throughout history is that this was a parable about humility, as the superb attitude of the Pharisee contrasts with the humble figure of published that dares not even raise his eyes to heaven, and down home receiving the divine favors. This study continues to show the validity of these interpretations, at the same time shows that they are not enough to display the text meaning of wealth. This paper aims to explain the parable as an example already present in the synoptic of the doctrine of justification by faith, which will be further developed by the apostle Paul, and that includes most all the semantic meaning of this, and that also includes previous interpretations They were made from this.

Tämän pro gradu -tutkielman tarkoituksena oli selvittää, onko lukemisen ja kirjoittamisen vaikeudella yhteyttä 6.–9. luokkalaisten suomalaisten nuorten itsetuntoon. Lisäksi pyrin selvittämään heidän vanhempien ajatuksia ja suhtautumista heidän nuortensa luku- ja kirjoitusvaikeutta kohtaan sekä vanhempien ajatuksia nuoren itsetunnosta. Tein tutkimuksen osana Lukuinto-ohjelmaa ja valitsin tutkittavat Lukuinto-ohjelmaan kuuluvista Oulun alueen peruskouluista. Tutkimukseen osallistui yhteensä kolme lukivaikeudesta kärsivää oppilasta (oppilaat 1, 2 ja 3). Tutkimukseen osallistui myös oppilaiden vanhemmat. Tutkittavista yksi oli 6. luokkalainen ja kaksi oli 9. luokkalaista. Tutkimusmenetelmänä käytin puolistrukturoitua teemahaastattelua ja lisäksi vanhemmat täyttivät kyselylomakkeen. Oppilaat kokivat muun muassa huonommuuden ja turhautumisen tunteita luku- ja kirjoitusvaikeuden vuoksi. Vaikeuksista huolimatta tutkittavat nuoret suhtautuivat itseensä positiivisesti ja olivat hyväksyneet vaikeudet osaksi itseään. Oppilaiden itsetuntoon vaikuttivat vanhempien, kavereiden ja opettajien suhtautuminen vaikeuksiin. Nuoret kokivat saavan eniten positiivista suhtautumista ja ymmärrystä vanhemmiltaan. Opettajien koettiin suhtautuvan positiivisesti luku- ja kirjoitusvaikeuteen, mutta oppilaat toivoivat luokanopettajilta parempaa ymmärrystä ja enemmän huomiota luku- ja kirjoitusvaikeutta kohtaan. Erityisopetus koettiin hyvänä. Kavereilta oppilaat saivat sekä positiivista että negatiivista suhtautumista luku- ja kirjoitusvaikeuteen. Nuoret eivät kokeneet luku- ja kirjoitusvaikeudella olevan vaikutusta heidän elämänlaatuun. Jatko-opintojen valinnassa yläkouluikäiset nuoret ottivat huomioon vaikeudet. Aikaisempiin tutkimuksiin verrattuna tuloksissa oli sekä yhteneväisyyksiä että ristiriitoja. Tutkimuksen pienen otantamäärän vuoksi tuloksia ei voida yleistää suomalaisiin.

This study explores the relationship between Christianity and autochthonous (indigenous, pre-Christian) worldviews and practices amongst the Aandonga of Owamboland, Northern Namibia. Using participant contributions from a series of Contextual Bible Study (CBS) sessions (with groups of men, women, and children), and supplemented by ethnographic contextualisation, it challenges the oft-contended notion that Christian worldviews and practices have erased the significance of African Traditional Religion for Ndonga (or wider Owambo) communities. The enduring significance of autochthonous worldviews and practices is explored using responses to six biblical texts, each of which relates to at least one of three themes: bodies, spirits, and landscapes. The study examines feasting bodies (The Parable of the Wedding Banquet), bleeding bodies (The Haemorrhaging Woman), and possessed bodies (Legion). It considers possession spirits (Legion), natural spirits (the so-called ‘Nature Miracles’), and ancestor spirits (Resurrection appearances). Perspectives on landscapes are highlighted particularly in relation to aspects of the natural environment (the ‘Nature Miracles’) and the locations explored by an itinerant demoniac (Legion). Responses to the texts engender, inter alia, discussions of contemporary perspectives on diviner-healers (oonganga), witchcraft (uulodhi), the homestead (egumbo), burial grounds (omayendo, oompampa), spirits (iiluli, oompwidhuli), ancestors (aathithi), material agency (for example, apotropaic amulets), and the ‘traditional’ wedding (ohango). Having analysed the ways in which autochthonous worldviews informed participants’ interpretations of the particular texts considered (Matthew 22:1-14 & Luke 14:7-11; Mark 5:21-43; Luke 8:26-39; Mark 4:35-41 & 6:45-52; Luke 24), each set of interpretations is brought into conversation with professional biblical scholarship. The study therefore highlights the ways in which these grassroots, ‘contextual’ interpretations might nuance New Testament interpretations returned by the Academy, particularly by highlighting the highly contextual nature of the latter.

Den svenska skolan skall bl.a. vila på en kristen tradition enligt Lgr 11, men benämner inte närmre vems kristna tradition eller hur denna tradition bör ta sin form i klassrummet. Att tolka den kristna traditionen kan göras på många sätt, men för att exemplifiera problematiken i tolkningar så utgår uppsatsen från att belysa hur mångfacetterat ett resultat kan bli även vid ett par utvalda bibelberättelser från en relativt homogen grupp uttolkare. Syftet för den här konsumtionsuppsatsen är att undersöka vad kvinnliga exegeter belyser när de beskriver hur kvinnor interagerar med Jesus i två utvalda berättelser ur Nya testamentets evangelier. Exegeternas beskrivningar utreds också komparativt för att finna skiljaktigheter och liknelser. Vidare förs det även en didaktisk diskussion kopplat till skolans religionsundervisning om hur tolkningar kring en och samma berättelse som didaktiskt medel kan berika undervisningssammanhang i klassrummet.     Resultatet i uppsatsen visar både hur exegeterna har laborerat fram sina tolkningar och vad dessa tolkningar resulterat i för bibelberättelserna. I ett komparativt arbetssätt utvidgar exegeterna kontexten för bibelberättelserna på macronivå för att understödja den närmre analys de för på micronivå. De finner stöd i bl.a. lingvistik, utombibliska dokument och kulturella företeelser för att understödja deras argumentation om kvinnorna i de bibliska berättelserna. Kvinnorna i de båda bibliska berättelserna porträtteras på ett nytt sätt och utmärks av vissa exegeter till både apostel och lärjunge.     Resultatet för den religionsdidaktiska diskussionen utmynnas i både hur elever och främst lärare bör anamma en reflexivitet för att granska sig själva och hur tolkningar görs i vardagen för att kartlägga mönster där exotifiering och maktförskjutningar sker när religioner behandlas i klassrummet. Religionsdidaktikernas pedagogiska verktyg gynnar elevernas analyserande förmågor och kritiska tänkande vid exempelvis komparativa tolkningsövningar av urkunder. Hos läraren uppmanas en självkännedom genom att aktivt kunna belysa hur tolkningar av religioner förs i klassrummet och ifall det görs på någons bekostnad. Genus förs som en diskussionspunkt i förhållande till uppsatsens val att låta kvinnor ta plats och tolka religion. Genom genus kan en androgyn syn på religionsdidaktik framföras och låta en inkludering ske i religionsdiskursen där kvinnor inte längre är en åtskild minoritet inom religion, utan en aktiv och inkluderande part.

“Who is the Christ?” The question of Jesus’ identity, as depicted in the New Testament, was crucial in the early church. In Luke, it is linked with leadership and the various conflicts that he faced with the “systems” of Luke’s gospel, namely; the Roman elite, the Jewish elite and the Jewish peasantry. From an etic viewpoint, the context of Luke’s gospel indicates that Jesus’ leadership was that of conflict, rejection and opposition. Therefore, three basic issues showcase the content of this study: leadership, conflict and identity, with specific reference to the micro narrative in Luke 9:18-22. Nowadays, leaders are sometimes opposed because of many reasons: inequality of resources, incompatible interests, ideology, inefficiency, the leader’s identity and the inability or inexperience in handling conflict and opposition. Jesus was not exempted from this. The failure to understand him in terms of his identity and mission was the stimuli for the conflict he encountered. Unfortunately previous studies in Luke have only fairly established a link between Jesus’ identity, his leadership and conflict. Even when they do, it is not approached from a social scientific perspective, that is, a reading that takes the social dynamics of first-century Palestine seriously. Also, none of such studies have been applied to the African context. This study aims at filling these gaps, by applying the results from some conflict and leadership theories to the African context. The application of these models helps to diagnose, explain, interpret and narrow the chasm between leadership and conflict within the African society. It enables leaders not to dread conflict, but to use conflict when it occurs as a positive ingredient to societal change and innovation. Three conclusions emerge from the question of Jesus’ identity in the dialogue of Luke 9:18-22. From an emic perspective, the Christ is an enigmatic figure in Luke’s gospel. From an etic reading, he is the Christ of reform and social transformation. From an African standpoint, he is the Christ of empowerment and development. The examination of some African models for the understanding of Jesus’ identity reveals that Jesus has been refashioned according to African understanding. This approach has definitely made Jesus African-like. There is need for relevant Christology to be conscious that the definition of Jesus as the Christ of God does not become a barrier of separation between individuals of differing contexts. Jesus’ identity is contained in the connection between his person and his suffering, rejection, death and eventual resurrection (Lk 9:22). The dialogue in Luke 9:18-22 further proposes two ways in understanding Jesus’ leadership, his identity and conflict in the Gospel – spontaneous and community participatory theology. Leadership is risk, conflict and opposition by definition. Conversely, poor leadership is scaring, aggressive and destructive. Hence, effective leadership entails mutual acceptance, perseverance and a better management and appreciation of conflict and opposition. In response to the current stalemate of misery and despair, this study postulates that a proper definition, understanding and interpretation of Jesus as the Christ is a solution to contemporary problems of leadership crisis in Africa and the world.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
New Testament Studies
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