Articoli di riviste: "Marine invertebrates – Reproduction"

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Tyler, P. A. "Reproduction of marine invertebrates, Volume VI". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 162, n. 1 (ottobre 1992): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(92)90130-3.

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Langston, W. J. "Endocrine disruption and altered sexual development in aquatic organisms: an invertebrate perspective". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 100, n. 4 (giugno 2020): 495–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315420000533.

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AbstractContaminants causing sex-altering, endocrine disrupting-like (ED) effects, or otherwise influencing reproduction, have been of growing concern to humans for more than 50 years. They have also been a perturbing, though less well-studied, phenomenon in marine organisms, following the recognition of tributyltin (TBT)-induced imposex and population extinctions in (neo)gastropods in the 1970s. Whilst ED impacts in mammals and fish are characterized by mimicry or antagonism of endogenous hormones by environmental contaminants (acting through Nuclear Receptors which are present in all metazoans) much less is known regarding pathways to effects in invertebrates. Despite the absence of a defined steroidal/mechanistic component, the extent, severity and widespread nature of ED-like manifestations and altered sexual characteristics observed in marine invertebrates gives rise to comparable concerns, and have been a long-term component of the MBA's research remit. The manifestations seen in sensitive taxa such as molluscs and crustaceans confirm they are valuable indicators of environmental quality, and should be exploited in this capacity whilst we seek to understand the pervasiveness and underlying mechanisms. In so doing, invertebrate indicators address aims of organizations, such as the EEA, OECD, UNEP and WHO, charged with management and monitoring of chemicals and ensuring that adverse effects on humans and the environment are minimized (Bergman et al., 2013). In view of the recent general declines in marine biodiversity, and the potential contribution of ED-like phenomena, safeguarding against deleterious effects through increased research which links pollutant exposure with reproductive dysfunction among invertebrates, is seen as a high priority.

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PEARSE, JOHN S., JAMES B. MCCLINTOCK e ISIDRO BOSCH. "Reproduction of Antarctic Benthic Marine Invertebrates: Tempos, Modes, and Timing". American Zoologist 31, n. 1 (febbraio 1991): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/31.1.65.

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Young, Craig M. "Invertebrate Reproduction and Development Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates W. Herbert Wilson, Jr. Stephen A. Stricker George L. Shinn". BioScience 46, n. 6 (giugno 1996): 460–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1312883.

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TYLER, P. A., e C. M. YOUNG. "Reproduction in marine invertebrates in “stable” environments: the deep sea model". Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 22, n. 1-3 (dicembre 1992): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1992.9672271.

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Serkedjieva, Julia, Monika Konaklieva, Stefka Dimitrova-Konaklieva, Veneta Ivanova, Kamen Stefanov e Simeon Popov. "Antiinfluenza Virus Effect of Extracts from Marine Algae and Invertebrates". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 55, n. 1-2 (1 febbraio 2000): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2000-1-217.

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Abstract Sixty products, derived from marine organisms, typical of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, were examined for inhibitory activity on the reproduction of influenza viruses in tissue cultures. The antiviral effect was investigated by the reduction of virus infectivity. Using representative strains of influenza virus it was shown that apparently the inhibitory effect was strain-specific. The most effective products were further studied in fertile hen’s eggs and in experimental influenza infection in white mice.

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Pechenik, Jan A., Morgan Levy e Jonathan D. Allen. "Instant OceanVersusNatural Seawater: Impacts on Aspects of Reproduction and Development in Three Marine Invertebrates". Biological Bulletin 237, n. 1 (agosto 2019): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/705134.

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Di Costanzo, Federica, Valeria Di Dato, Adrianna Ianora e Giovanna Romano. "Prostaglandins in Marine Organisms: A Review". Marine Drugs 17, n. 7 (23 luglio 2019): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17070428.

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Prostaglandins (PGs) are lipid mediators belonging to the eicosanoid family. PGs were first discovered in mammals where they are key players in a great variety of physiological and pathological processes, for instance muscle and blood vessel tone regulation, inflammation, signaling, hemostasis, reproduction, and sleep-wake regulation. These molecules have successively been discovered in lower organisms, including marine invertebrates in which they play similar roles to those in mammals, being involved in the control of oogenesis and spermatogenesis, ion transport, and defense. Prostaglandins have also been found in some marine macroalgae of the genera Gracilaria and Laminaria and very recently the PGs pathway has been identified for the first time in some species of marine microalgae. In this review we report on the occurrence of prostaglandins in the marine environment and discuss the anti-inflammatory role of these molecules.

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Kinoshita-Terauchi, Nana, Kogiku Shiba, Makoto Terauchi, Francisco Romero, Héctor Vincente Ramírez-Gómez, Manabu Yoshida, Taizo Motomura, Hiroshi Kawai e Takuya Nishigaki. "High potassium seawater inhibits ascidian sperm chemotaxis, but does not affect the male gamete chemotaxis of a brown alga". Zygote 27, n. 4 (18 luglio 2019): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199419000224.

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SummaryMale gamete chemotaxis towards the female gamete is a general strategy to facilitate the sexual reproduction in many marine eukaryotes. Biochemical studies of chemoattractants for male gametes of brown algae have advanced in the 1970s and 1980s, but the molecular mechanism of male gamete responses to the attractants remains elusive. In sea urchin, a K+ channel called the tetraKCNG channel plays a fundamental role in sperm chemotaxis and inhibition of K+ efflux through this channel by high K+ seawater blocks almost all cell responses to the chemoattractant. This signalling mechanism could be conserved in marine invertebrates as tetraKCNG channels are conserved in the marine invertebrates that exhibit sperm chemotaxis. We confirmed that high K+ seawater also inhibited sperm chemotaxis in ascidian, Ciona intestinalis (robusta), in this study. Conversely, the male gamete chemotaxis towards the female gamete of a brown alga, Mutimo cylindricus, was preserved even in high K+ seawater. This result indicates that none of the K+ channels is essential for male gamete chemotaxis in the brown alga, suggesting that the signalling mechanism for chemotaxis in this brown alga is quite different from that of marine invertebrates. Correlated to this result, we revealed that the channels previously proposed as homologues of tetraKCNG in brown algae have a distinct domain composition from that of the tetraKCNG. Namely, one of them possesses two repeats of the six transmembrane segments (diKCNG) instead of four. The structural analysis suggests that diKCNG is a cyclic nucleotide-modulated and/or voltage-gated K+ channel.

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OLIVE, P. J. W. "The adaptive significance of seasonal reproduction in marine invertebrates: the importance of distinguishing between models". Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 22, n. 1-3 (dicembre 1992): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1992.9672269.

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Mossolin, Emerson, Fernando Mantelatto e Caio Pavanelli. "Maternal investment in egg production: environmental and population-specific effects on offspring performance in the snapping shrimp Alpheus nuttingi (Schmitt, 1924) (Decapoda, Alpheidae)". Animal Biology 60, n. 3 (2010): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075610x516466.

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AbstractAmong marine invertebrates, the overall biomass invested in egg production varies widely within populations, which can result from the interaction of endogenous and exogenous factors. Species that have constant reproduction throughout the year can be good models to study the influence of environmental factors on reproductive processes. We conducted a seasonal comparison of egg production in the intertidal snapping shrimp Alpheus nuttingi, which shows a continuous reproductive pattern, to examine the hypothesis that differences in egg production are driven by environmental conditions and population features. This population showed an uncommon strategy, characterized by females that produce eggs of varying sizes within their clutches, with reduced egg volume when the number of eggs is higher (Spring-Summer). In these seasons, higher temperatures and greater food availability may allow the production of more eggs compared to the Autumn-Winter seasons. Compared to other alpheid shrimps, this population produces small eggs, but in larger numbers. Despite the higher fecundity, the reproductive output is relatively low, this production being supported by the large size of females from the southern Atlantic region. Our findings showed that the egg production of A. nuttingi was greatly influenced by environmental factors. Therefore, this shrimp, and probably other decapods that possess continuous reproduction, adopt different reproductive strategies during the year.

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Fernandez, M., C. Bock e H. O. Portner. "The cost of being a caring mother: the ignored factor in the reproduction of marine invertebrates". Ecology Letters 3, n. 6 (23 novembre 2000): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2000.00172.x.

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Fernández, M., C. Bock e H. O. Pörtner. "The cost of being a caring mother: the ignored factor in the reproduction of marine invertebrates". Ecology Letters 3, n. 6 (18 luglio 2008): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2000.00172.x.

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Tyler, P. A. "Studies of a benthic time series: reproductive biology of benthic invertebrates in the Rockall Trough". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 88 (1986): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000004541.

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SynopsisThe reproductive biology of a wide variety of deep-sea echinoderms from the northeast Atlantic has been examined. Time series samples of asteroids, ophiuroids, echinoids and holothurians are available from Station “M” and the Scottish Marine Biological Association's Permanent Station in the Rockall Trough and from opportunistic sampling in other areas of the northern Rockall Trough. Examination of these time series samples has established three main reproductive patterns in these taxa and one example of protandric hermaphroditism. The dominant reproductive pattern is the aperiodic production of relatively few large eggs usually in excess of 600μm diameter. Although the oogenic pattern is similar in most of these species, the follicle cell distribution and breakdown of relict oocytes vary considerably, particularly at family level. A second reproductive pattern is the production of numerous small eggs c. 100μm diameter, indicative of planktotrophic development. The five species exhibiting this pattern show intra- and interspecific synchrony of egg production with a proliferation of young oocytes in February to April of each year, vitellogenesis during summer and autumn and a synchronous spawnout in January–April of each year. In the apparent constant conditions of the deep sea, this synchrony of reproduction is related to the rapid descent of surface primary production. Two rarer reproductive patterns observed are the production of intermediate sized eggs (c. 300–400μm diameter) suggesting the formation of a lecithotrophic larva, and lastly a single case of protandric hermaphroditism, and the subsequent production of a large egg. In none of the species examined have we found any evidence of brooding. The variation in the reproductive pattern of individual species is discussed in relation to the constancy of the physico-chemical environment of the deep-sea.

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Kadar, Eniko, Oliver Dyson, Richard D. Handy e Sherain N. Al-Subiai. "Are reproduction impairments of free spawning marine invertebrates exposed to zero-valent nano-iron associated with dissolution of nanoparticles?" Nanotoxicology 7, n. 2 (20 gennaio 2012): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2011.647927.

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Yang, Yujia, Yingqiu Zheng, Lina Sun e Muyan Chen. "Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Signatures of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus during Environmental Induced Aestivation". Genes 11, n. 9 (31 agosto 2020): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11091020.

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Organisms respond to severe environmental changes by entering into hypometabolic states, minimizing their metabolic rates, suspending development and reproduction, and surviving critical ecological changes. They come back to an active lifestyle once the environmental conditions are conducive. Marine invertebrates live in the aquatic environment and adapt to environmental changes in their whole life. Sea cucumbers and sponges are only two recently known types of marine organisms that aestivate in response to temperature change. Sea cucumber has become an excellent model organism for studies of environmentally-induced aestivation by marine invertebrates. DNA methylation, the most widely considered epigenetic marks, has been reported to contribute to phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental stress in aquatic organisms. Most of methylation-related enzymes, including DNA methyltransferases, Methyl-CpG binding domain proteins, and DNA demethylases, were up-regulated during aestivation. We conducted high-resolution whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of the intestine from sea cucumber at non-aestivation and deep-aestivation stages. Further DNA methylation profile analysis was also conducted across the distinct genomic features and entire transcriptional units. A different elevation in methylation level at internal exons was observed with clear demarcation of intron/exon boundaries during transcriptional unit scanning. The lowest methylation level occurs in the first exons, followed by the last exons and the internal exons. A significant increase in non-CpG methylation (CHG and CHH) was observed within the intron and mRNA regions in aestivation groups. A total of 1393 genes were annotated within hypermethylated DMRs (differentially methylated regions), and 749 genes were annotated within hypomethylated DMRs. Differentially methylated genes were enriched in the mRNA surveillance pathway, metabolic pathway, and RNA transport. Then, 24 hypermethylated genes and 15 hypomethylated genes were Retrovirus-related Pol polyprotein from transposon (RPPT) genes. This study provides further understanding of epigenetic control on environmental induced hypometabolism in aquatic organisms.

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Bond, Jeanine C., e Daniel Esler. "Nutrient acquisition by female Harlequin Ducks prior to spring migration and reproduction: evidence for body mass optimization". Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, n. 9 (settembre 2006): 1223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-111.

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We analysed variation in body mass of adult female Harlequin Ducks ( Histrionicus histrionicus (L., 1758)) on coastal wintering sites in southern British Columbia, Canada, to investigate nutrient acquisition prior to migration and reproduction. On average, female mass increased by 7% from late winter to premigration; however, the chronology of mass gain varied depending on prey type. Females feeding on superabundant roe from spawning Pacific herring ( Clupea pallasii Valenciennes, 1847) became considerably heavier than they had been before the herring spawning period (March) and appeared to be heavier than females eating marine invertebrates such as crabs, limpets, and snails during the herring spawning period. By mid-April, prior to migration, females at all sites had similar body masses, with birds at sites without spawn gaining mass and those at sites with spawn maintaining their earlier mass gain. Stable isotope analyses confirmed that birds at these different sites consumed very different diets. These results suggest that female Harlequin Ducks target an optimal premigratory body mass, regardless of whether they have access to a superabundant food source; this body mass is presumably shaped by the costs and benefits of nutrient storage for migration and reproduction.

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Padrón, Mariana, e Katell Guizien. "Modelling the effect of demographic traits and connectivity on the genetic structuration of marine metapopulations of sedentary benthic invertebrates". ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, n. 7 (8 settembre 2015): 1935–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv158.

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Abstract Accounting for connectivity is essential in marine spatial planning and the proper design and management of marine protected areas, given that their effectiveness depends on the patterns of dispersal and colonization between protected and non-protected areas. The genetic structure of populations is commonly used to infer connectivity among distant populations. Here, we explore how population genetic structure is affected by pre- and settlement limitations with a spatially explicit coupled metapopulation-gene flow model that simulates the effect of demographic fluctuations on the allele frequencies of a set of populations. We show that in closed populations, regardless of population growth rate, the maintenance of genetic diversity at saturating initial population density increases with species life expectancy as a result of density-dependent recruitment control. Correlatively, at low initial population density, the time at which a population begins to lose its genetic diversity is driven larval and post-settlement mortality (comprised in the recruitment success parameter)—the larger the recruitment success, the stronger the genetic drift. Different spatial structures of connectivity established for soft bottom benthic invertebrates in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean, France) lead to very different results in the spatial patterns of genetic structuration of the metapopulation, with high genetic drift in sites where the local retention rate was larger than 2%. The effect of recruitment failure and the loss of key source populations on heterozygosity confirm that transient demographic fluctuations help maintain genetic diversity in a metapopulation. This study highlights the role of intraspecific settlement limitations due to lack of space when the effective number of breeders approaches saturating capacity, causing a strong reduction in effective reproduction. The present model allows to: (i) disentangle the relative contribution of local demography and environmental connectivity in shaping seascape genetics, and (ii) perform in silico evaluations of different scenarios for marine spatial planning.

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KHAN, M. S. R., C. M. WHITTINGTON, M. B. THOMPSON e M. BYRNE. "Arrangement and size variation of intra-gonadal offspring in a viviparous asterinid sea star". Zoosymposia 15, n. 1 (21 ottobre 2019): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.15.1.8.

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Sibling competition and developmental asynchrony may greatly influence the arrangement and size of offspring of marine invertebrates that care for their young. In Parvulastra parvivipara, an asterinid sea star that incubates its young in the gonads, sibling cannibalism supports post-metamorphic development. Offspring size varies within (coefficient of variation, CV = 22.6 %) and among (CV = 17.7%) the gonads. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize early embryos and oocytes, and revealed the presence of several developmental stages within individual gonads. The eggs were a mean diameter of 84 μm. The observation of a gastrula at 86 µm smaller than the largest egg observed (134 µm) suggests that terminal egg size varies. The appearance of early embryos surrounded by somatic cells suggests that they may receive nutrients through histotrophy. Sibling competition intensifies once the digestive tract is functional in the tiny juveniles which then start to consume siblings. The arrangement of the offspring in the gonads was observed using micro-computed tomography. The juveniles were oriented with their oral surface facing each other, presumably as a defensive strategy to protect themselves from being eaten. Periodic release of offspring in single or several cohorts indicates continual reproduction. Released and retained juveniles varied in size. It is not known what initiates birth but it may be mediated by sibling competition. Larger adults had a greater allocation to female reproductive output than smaller adults.

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Grahame, John. "Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates of the Northern Pacific Coast. Data and Methods for the Study of Eggs, Embryos, and Larvae. Megumi F. Strathmann". Quarterly Review of Biology 64, n. 2 (giugno 1989): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/416265.

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Fariñas-Franco, Jose M., e Dai Roberts. "The relevance of reproduction and recruitment to the conservation and restoration of keystone marine invertebrates: A case study of sublittoralModiolus modiolusreefs impacted by demersal fishing". Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 28, n. 3 (6 marzo 2018): 672–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2882.

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Arribas, Lorena P., María Bagur, M. Gabriela Palomo e Gregorio Bigatti. "Population biology of the sea star Anasterias minuta (Forcipulatida: Asteriidae) threatened by anthropogenic activities in rocky intertidal shores of San Matías Gulf, Patagonia, Argentina". Revista de Biología Tropical 65, n. 1-1 (8 dicembre 2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i1-1.31668.

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In Patagonian coastal areas, intertidal benthic communities are exposed to extreme physical conditions. The interaction between harsh environment and anthropogenic pressure can generate changes in population biology of marine invertebrates, like density and reproduction. The oral brooding sea star Anasterias minuta is a key organism in food chains of Atlantic Patagonian rocky intertidals, hence changes on its population structure can negatively affect shore communities. We studied the population biology of A. minuta and assess the effect of environmental parameters and anthropogenic activities on its population on rocky intertidal shores of San Matías Gulf, Patagonia, Argentina. Seasonal sea surface temperature, pH, salinity, water velocity, desiccation rate, boulders density, and anthropogenic influence (tourists and octopus fishermen) were recorded. In sites with less tourist influence and high refuge, an increase in density was recorded, especially during the summer. Brooding individuals were found in fall and winter, while feeding individuals were observed in all seasons (12 different prey, mainly the molluscs Tegula patagonica and Perumytilus purpuratus). Environmental variables such as boulders density and water velocity were the most important predictor of variation in population structure. Tourism and pH were the most important variables negatively correlated with density. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65(Suppl. 1): S73-S84. Epub 2017 November 01.

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Smith, Stephen J., e Bernard Sainte-Marie. "Biological reference points for invertebrate fisheries: introduction". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, n. 8 (1 agosto 2004): 1303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-135.

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In the context of applying the precautionary approach to fisheries management, much of the current attention on developing reference points has been focussed on finfish species. However, at present the largest marine fisheries in Canada in terms of landings and value are those for invertebrate species. A workshop on reference points for invertebrate fisheries was held in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, from 2 to 5 December 2002 to address the particular needs of fisheries on this diverse group of species. Seven of the papers presented at that workshop were published as a group in this issue of the Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. Reproduction and recruitment were identified by all of these papers as key elements of population resilience and productivity that needed to be monitored in some way. The monitoring of reproductive capacity should be extended to aspects important in the mating systems, such as local densities, spatial patterns of agesize structure, and spatial and temporal patterns of breeding areas for broadcast spawners with poorly mobile or sessile adults. Similarly, such monitoring would also include female and male size and the number of female reproductive opportunities for crustacean species with copulating adults.

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McGovern, Tamara M. "Plastic reproductive strategies in a clonal marine invertebrate". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 270, n. 1532 (7 dicembre 2003): 2517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2003.2529.

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Lewis, Ceri, e Tamara Galloway. "Reproductive Consequences of Paternal Genotoxin Exposure in Marine Invertebrates". Environmental Science & Technology 43, n. 3 (febbraio 2009): 928–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es802215d.

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Lewis, Ceri, e Tamara Galloway. "Sperm toxicity and the reproductive ecology of marine invertebrates". Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 6, n. 1 (gennaio 2010): 188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.23.

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Noisette, Fanny, Piero Calosi, Diana Madeira, Mathilde Chemel, Kayla Menu-Courey, Sarah Piedalue, Helen Gurney-Smith, Dounia Daoud e Kumiko Azetsu-Scott. "Tolerant Larvae and Sensitive Juveniles: Integrating Metabolomics and Whole-Organism Responses to Define Life-Stage Specific Sensitivity to Ocean Acidification in the American Lobster". Metabolites 11, n. 9 (30 agosto 2021): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11090584.

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Bentho-pelagic life cycles are the dominant reproductive strategy in marine invertebrates, providing great dispersal ability, access to different resources, and the opportunity to settle in suitable habitats upon the trigger of environmental cues at key developmental moments. However, free-dispersing larvae can be highly sensitive to environmental changes. Among these, the magnitude and the occurrence of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in oceanic habitats is predicted to exacerbate over the next decades, particularly in coastal areas, reaching levels beyond those historically experienced by most marine organisms. Here, we aimed to determine the sensitivity to elevated pCO2 of successive life stages of a marine invertebrate species with a bentho-pelagic life cycle, exposed continuously during its early ontogeny, whilst providing in-depth insights on their metabolic responses. We selected, as an ideal study species, the American lobster Homarus americanus, and investigated life history traits, whole-organism physiology, and metabolomic fingerprints from larval stage I to juvenile stage V exposed to different pCO2 levels. Current and future ocean acidification scenarios were tested, as well as extreme high pCO2/low pH conditions that are predicted to occur in coastal benthic habitats and with leakages from underwater carbon capture storage (CCS) sites. Larvae demonstrated greater tolerance to elevated pCO2, showing no significant changes in survival, developmental time, morphology, and mineralisation, although they underwent intense metabolomic reprogramming. Conversely, juveniles showed the inverse pattern, with a reduction in survival and an increase in development time at the highest pCO2 levels tested, with no indication of metabolomic reprogramming. Metabolomic sensitivity to elevated pCO2 increased until metamorphosis (between larval and juvenile stages) and decreased afterward, suggesting this transition as a metabolic keystone for marine invertebrates with complex life cycles.

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Pansch, Christian, Giannina S. I. Hattich, Mara E. Heinrichs, Andreas Pansch, Zuzanna Zagrodzka e Jonathan N. Havenhand. "Long-term exposure to acidification disrupts reproduction in a marine invertebrate". PLOS ONE 13, n. 2 (6 febbraio 2018): e0192036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192036.

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Fields, Joshua T., Hayden K. Mullen, Clayr M. Kroenke, Kyla A. Salomon, Abby J. Craft, Isabelle E. Conrad e J. Antonio Baeza. "Reproductive performance in a phyletic dwarf, the spider crab Petramithrax pygmaeus (Bell, 1836) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Mithracidae)". Journal of Crustacean Biology 40, n. 3 (27 marzo 2020): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa015.

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Abstract The spider crab Petramithrax pygmaeus (Bell, 1836), a phyletic dwarf, was used to test predictions regarding reproductive performance in small marine invertebrates. Considering the disproportional increase in brooding costs and the allometry of egg production with increasing body size, it was expected that this minute-size species would produce large broods compared to closely related species that attain much larger body sizes. Fecundity in P. pygmaeus females carrying early and late eggs varied, respectively, between 17 and 172 eggs crab–1 (mean ± SD = 87.97 ± 48.39) and between 13 and 159 eggs crab–1 (55.04 ± 40.29). Females did not experience brood loss during egg development. Egg volume in females carrying early and late eggs varied, respectively, between 0.13 and 0.40 mm3 (0.22 ± 0.07) and between 0.15 and 0.42 mm3 (0.26 ± 0.06 mm3). Reproductive output (RO) varied between 0.91 and 8.73% (3.81 ± 2.17%) of female dry body weight. The RO of P. pygmaeus was lower than that reported for closely related species with larger body sizes. The slope (b = 0.95 ± 0.15) of the line describing the relationship between brood and parental female dry weight was not statistically significant from unity. Overall, our results disagree with the notion that the allometry of gamete production and increased physiological costs with increased brood size explain the association between brooding and small body size in marine invertebrates. Comparative studies on the reproductive investment of brooding species belonging to monophyletic clades with extensive differences in body size are warranted to further our understanding about disparity in egg production in brooding marine invertebrates.

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Dickson, Michael D., Donald C. Behringer e J. Antonio Baeza. "Life history traits and reproductive performance of the caridean shrimp Lysmata boggessi, a heavily traded invertebrate in the marine aquarium industry". PeerJ 8 (23 gennaio 2020): e8231. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8231.

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The most intense commercial harvest of marine aquarium species in North America occurs in the coastal waters surrounding Florida, yet very often little information exists on the life histories, population dynamics, or reproductive characteristics of these organisms. The peppermint shrimp Lysmata boggessi is one such species and is heavily targeted along the west coast of Florida. It is known primarily among aquarists for its ability to control pest anemones and in the scientific community for its unique sexual system, protandric simultaneous hermaphroditism. However, no study has addressed fishery interactions or long-term population dynamics for L. boggessi. We used monthly fisheries-dependent sampling, with a trained observer present, for a full year to assess seasonality in sex phase ratio (males to males + hermaphrodites), size at sex change, fecundity, embryo volume and reproductive output of an exploited L. boggessi population. L. boggessi exhibited distinct seasonality in size distribution, sex phase ratio, size at sex phase change and reproductive activity. The peak reproductive season was in spring, when the population was dominated by small but fecund hermaphrodites. Reproduction decreased during fall and winter and sex phase ratios favored male phase shrimp that exhibited delayed sex change. This population and individual level information is the first of its kind for L. boggessi and fills a much needed data gap for the informed management of this fishery.

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31

Kamel, S. J., F. X. Oyarzun e R. K. Grosberg. "Reproductive Biology, Family Conflict, and Size of Offspring in Marine Invertebrates". Integrative and Comparative Biology 50, n. 4 (26 agosto 2010): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icq104.

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32

White, Camille A., Symon A. Dworjanyn, Peter D. Nichols, Benjamin Mos e Tim Dempster. "Future aquafeeds may compromise reproductive fitness in a marine invertebrate". Marine Environmental Research 122 (dicembre 2016): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.09.008.

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33

Burgaz, M. I., T. I. Matviienko, O. M. Soborova, K. I. Bezyk e O. Y. Kudelina. "The current state of fishing and extracting the living aquatic resources in the Black Sea region of Ukraine". Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences 2, n. 3 (26 dicembre 2019): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/ujvas2-3.06.

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The development of open spaces and resources of the Black Sea is one of the main directions of the Black Sea region (the Odessa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions). The essence of the region policy allows to cooperate with the most countries of the world community and brings an income both to the budget of the regions and to the state budget. Industrial fisheries is an extractive branch of the fishing industry that uses the natural resources of the oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, reservoirs: various species of fish, marine mammals, shellfish, crustaceans and aquatic vegetation. Fisheries can be considered as one type of nature using which consists in the extraction of fish and other sea products (fish, invertebrates, algae, etc.). The purpose of the work was to find out a current state of fishing and extracting the living aquatic resources in the Black Sea region, namely in the Odessa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions. An assessment of a current state of extracting the aquatic bioresources in general and in the inland water bodies in the Black Sea region, namely in the Odessa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions for the period from 2010 to 2018, was carried out on the basis of specialized literature. The state of extracting the aquatic bioresources in general and in the inland water bodies from 2010 to 2018; the amount of caught fish in this region; the state of fisheries of the studied region were investigated. Fish farming is a branch of the national economy that is engaged in farming, increasing and improving a quality of the fish stocks in the water bodies and filling the fish resources. In order to maintain and increase the stocks of valuable industrial fish in our country the extensive measures for artificial fish farming, improving the conditions of natural reproduction of fish, as well as the development of lake and pond fisheries for the commercial fish production are being taken. Much work is being done to acclimatize valuable industrial fish species and other fishing objects, aimed at expanding a fish species composition and increasing the fish stocks. It was found that according to the statistics of the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, the analysis of the exraction of fish and aquatic biological resources in the Black Sea region (Odesa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions) showed that an increase in the volume of fish catching and extracting the living aquatic resources occurred only due to inland waters.

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34

McEdward, Larry R. "Reproductive Strategies of Marine Benthic Invertebrates Revisited: Facultative Feeding by Planktotrophic Larvae". American Naturalist 150, n. 1 (luglio 1997): 48–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/286056.

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35

Caldwell, Gary. "The Influence of Bioactive Oxylipins from Marine Diatoms on Invertebrate Reproduction and Development". Marine Drugs 7, n. 3 (21 agosto 2009): 367–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md7030367.

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VON VAUPEL KLEIN, J. C. "M. F. STRATHMANN (ed.), 1988. Reproduction and development of marine invertebrates of the northern Pacific coast: data and methods for the study of eggs, embryos, and larvae: xii, 1-670, text-figs., frontispiece. (University of Washinghton Press, Seattle). ISBN 0-295-96523-1 (hardcover). Price US $ 35.00". Crustaceana 55, n. 3 (1988): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854088x00456.

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37

Lester, Sarah E., Steven D. Gaines e Brian P. Kinlan. "REPRODUCTION ON THE EDGE: LARGE-SCALE PATTERNS OF INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE IN A MARINE INVERTEBRATE". Ecology 88, n. 9 (settembre 2007): 2229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-1784.1.

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38

Vafidis, Dimitris, Chryssanthi Antoniadou e Kyratso Kyriakouli. "Reproductive Cycle of the Edible Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Echinodermata: Echinoidae) in the Aegean Sea". Water 11, n. 5 (16 maggio 2019): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11051029.

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Abstract (sommario):

The sustainable management of fisheries resources requires extensive knowledge of their reproductive biology, which is scarcely the case for marine invertebrates. Sea urchins are among the most intensively harvested invertebrates, since their gonads, or “roe”, constitute a highly appreciated gastronomic delicacy, causing a severe decline in natural populations worldwide. In the Mediterranean, the typical commercial echinoid species is Paracentrotus lividus; its biology, however, has not been adequately studied in the Aegean Sea. Within this context, the present study examined the reproductive biology of the edible sea urchin, P. lividus, in the Aegean Sea (Pagasitikos Gulf) over a two-year period. Adult specimens were randomly collected by SCUBA diving (3–5 m) at monthly intervals to determine the gonad-somatic index, fecundity, and gametogenesis through the morphological and histological examination of the gonads. An annual reproductive cycle was defined in both years with a clear spawning peak in early spring, conforming to previous reports from other Mediterranean populations. A discrete secondary spawning period was also detected in early winter, as the species undergoes a second gametogenic event. These results are indicative for the increased reproductive potential of P. lividus in its south distributional range, suggesting a relevant revision of the official fishing season of the species.

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39

Mercier, Annie, Zhao Sun, Sandrine Baillon e Jean-François Hamel. "Lunar Rhythms in the Deep Sea: Evidence from the Reproductive Periodicity of Several Marine Invertebrates". Journal of Biological Rhythms 26, n. 1 (20 gennaio 2011): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730410391948.

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40

Levitan, D. R. "The Distribution of Male and Female Reproductive Success in a Broadcast Spawning Marine Invertebrate". Integrative and Comparative Biology 45, n. 5 (1 novembre 2005): 848–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/45.5.848.

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41

Wray, Gregory A. "Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates.W. Herbert Wilson, Jr. , Stephen A. Stricker , George L. Shinn". Quarterly Review of Biology 71, n. 1 (marzo 1996): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/419320.

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42

Suquet, Marc, Catherine Labbé, Sophie Puyo, Christian Mingant, Benjamin Quittet, Myrina Boulais, Isabelle Queau, Dominique Ratiskol, Blandine Diss e Pierrick Haffray. "Survival, Growth and Reproduction of Cryopreserved Larvae from a Marine Invertebrate, the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas)". PLoS ONE 9, n. 4 (2 aprile 2014): e93486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093486.

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43

Glaviano, Francesca, Nadia Ruocco, Emanuele Somma, Giuseppe De Rosa, Virginia Campani, Pasquale Ametrano, Davide Caramiello, Maria Costantini e Valerio Zupo. "Two Benthic Diatoms, Nanofrustulum shiloi and Striatella unipunctata, Encapsulated in Alginate Beads, Influence the Reproductive Efficiency of Paracentrotus lividus by Modulating the Gene Expression". Marine Drugs 19, n. 4 (17 aprile 2021): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19040230.

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Physiological effects of algal metabolites is a key step for the isolation of interesting bioactive compounds. Invertebrate grazers may be fed on live diatoms or dried, pelletized, and added to compound feeds. Any method may reveal some shortcomings, due to the leaking of wound-activated compounds in the water prior to ingestion. For this reason, encapsulation may represent an important step of bioassay-guided fractionation, because it may assure timely preservation of the active compounds. Here we test the effects of the inclusion in alginate (biocompatible and non-toxic delivery system) matrices to produce beads containing two benthic diatoms for sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus feeding. In particular, we compared the effects of a diatom whose influence on P. lividus was known (Nanofrustulum shiloi) and those of a diatom suspected to be harmful to marine invertebrates, because it is often present in blooms (Striatella unipunctata). Dried N. shiloi and S. unipunctata were offered for one month after encapsulation in alginate hydrogel beads and the larvae produced by sea urchins were checked for viability and malformations. The results indicated that N. shiloi, already known for its toxigenic effects on sea urchin larvae, fully conserved its activity after inclusion in alginate beads. On the whole, benthic diatoms affected the embryogenesis of P. lividus, altering the expression of several genes involved in stress response, development, skeletogenesis and detoxification processes. Interactomic analysis suggested that both diatoms activated a similar stress response pathway, through the up-regulation of hsp60, hsp70, NF-κB, 14-3-3 ε and MDR1 genes. This research also demonstrates that the inclusion in alginate beads may represent a feasible technique to isolate diatom-derived bioactive compounds.

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44

NASI, F., R. AURIEMMA, E. BONSDORFF, T. CIBIC, I. F. ALEFFI, N. BETTOSO e P. DEL NEGRO. "Biodiversity, feeding habits and reproductive strategies of benthic macrofauna in a protected area of the northern Adriatic Sea: a three-year study". Mediterranean Marine Science 18, n. 2 (21 luglio 2017): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.1897.

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The macrozoobenthic community at a sublittoral station located in the Marine Protected Area of Miramare, Gulf of Trieste (Italy) was investigated monthly from June 2002 to July 2005. Community variables were studied and related to food sources (particulate, total and biopolymeric carbon contents, benthic microalgae and meiofauna). In addition, the macrofaunal response to a heatwave that occurred in summer 2003 in the area was also explored. Univariate and multivariate analyses highlighted that the macrozoobenthic community structure shifted towards the end of the study. Diversity remained fairly stable throughout the study, despite the high turnover values. From a dominance of short-lived invertebrates related to irregular fresh organic matter inputs, the community shifted toward long-lived taxa, principally related to an increase of biopolymeric C and microalgal biomass. Semelparous invertebrates seem to be less resistant to high temperatures compared to iteroparous ones. The latter proved to be capable competitors since they prevailed over the semelparous species towards the end of the study.The community exhibited a certain degree of resistance to high temperature, due to the adaptation of the macrofaunal invertebrates to this particular stress, induced by the wide natural fluctuations in temperature that occur on a seasonal basis in the Gulf of Trieste. This study highlights the importance of long datasets to assess the state and ecological processes of the macrofaunal communities.

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45

Lambert, Charles C. "Historical introduction, overview, and reproductive biology of the protochordates". Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2005): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-160.

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This issue of the Canadian Journal of Zoology exhaustively reviews most major aspects of protochordate biology by specialists in their fields. Protochordates are members of two deuterostome phyla that are exclusively marine. The Hemichordata, with solitary enteropneusts and colonial pterobranchs, share a ciliated larva with echinoderms and appear to be closely related, but they also have many chordate-like features. The invertebrate chordates are composed of the exclusively solitary cephalochordates and the tunicates with both solitary and colonial forms. The cephalochordates are all free-swimming, but the tunicates include both sessile and free-swimming forms. Here I explore the history of research on protochordates, show how views on their relationships have changed with time, and review some of their reproductive and structural traits not included in other contributions to this special issue.

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46

McEdward, LR, e BG Miner. "Fecundity-time models of reproductive strategies in marine benthic invertebrates: fitness differences under fluctuating environmental conditions". Marine Ecology Progress Series 256 (2003): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps256111.

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47

Albright, Rebecca. "Reviewing the Effects of Ocean Acidification on Sexual Reproduction and Early Life History Stages of Reef-Building Corals". Journal of Marine Biology 2011 (2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/473615.

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Ocean acidification (OA) is a relatively young yet rapidly developing scientific field. Assessing the potential response(s) of marine organisms to projected near-future OA scenarios has been at the forefront of scientific research, with a focus on ecosystems (e.g., coral reefs) and processes (e.g., calcification) that are deemed particularly vulnerable. Recently, a heightened emphasis has been placed on evaluating early life history stages as these stages are generally perceived to be more sensitive to environmental change. The number of acidification-related studies focused on early life stages has risen dramatically over the last several years. While early life history stages of corals have been understudied compared to other marine invertebrate taxa (e.g., echinoderms, mollusks), numerous studies exist to contribute to our status of knowledge regarding the potential impacts of OA on coral recruitment dynamics. To synthesize this information, the present paper reviews the primary literature on the effects of acidification on sexual reproduction and early stages of corals, incorporating lessons learned from more thoroughly studied taxa to both assess our current understanding of the potential impacts of OA on coral recruitment and to inform and guide future research in this area.

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48

Gallo, Alessandra. "Toxicity of marine pollutants on the ascidian oocyte physiology: an electrophysiological approach". Zygote 26, n. 1 (13 dicembre 2017): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199417000612.

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SummaryIn marine animals with external fertilization, gametes are released into seawater where fertilization and embryo development occur. Consequently, pollutants introduced into the marine environment by human activities may affect gametes and embryos. These xenobiotics can alter cell physiology with consequent reduction of fertilization success. Here the adverse effects on the reproductive processes of the marine invertebrate Ciona intestinalis (ascidian) of different xenobiotics: lead, zinc, an organic tin compound and a phenylurea herbicide were evaluated. By using the electrophysiological technique of whole-cell voltage clamping, the effects of these compounds on the mature oocyte plasma membrane electrical properties and the electrical events of fertilization were tested by calculating the concentration that induced 50% normal larval formation (EC50). The results demonstrated that sodium currents in mature oocytes were reduced in a concentration-dependent manner by all tested xenobiotics, with the lowest EC50 value for lead. In contrast, fertilization current frequencies were differently affected by zinc and organic tin compound. Toxicity tests on gametes demonstrated that sperm fertilizing capability and fertilization oocyte competence were not altered by xenobiotics, whereas fertilization was inhibited in zinc solution and underwent a reduction in organic tin compound solution (EC50 value of 1.7 µM). Furthermore, fertilized oocytes resulted in a low percentage of normal larvae with an EC50 value of 0.90 µM. This study shows that reproductive processes of ascidians are highly sensitive to xenobiotics suggesting that they may be considered a reliable biomarker and that ascidians are suitable model organisms to assess marine environmental quality.

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Olive, P. J. W. "Annual breeding cycles in marine invertebrates and environmental temperature: Probing the proximate and ultimate causes of reproductive synchrony". Journal of Thermal Biology 20, n. 1-2 (febbraio 1995): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4565(94)00030-m.

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50

Mercier, Annie, e Jean-François Hamel. "Synchronized breeding events in sympatric marine invertebrates: role of behavior and fine temporal windows in maintaining reproductive isolation". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 64, n. 11 (8 giugno 2010): 1749–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-010-0987-z.

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