Bibliografie tematiche / Medicinal plants – Research – South Africa

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Medicinal plants – Research – South Africa"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 18 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Medicinal plants – Research – South Africa"

Street, R. A., e G. Prinsloo. "Commercially Important Medicinal Plants of South Africa: A Review". Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/205048.

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There is a growing interest in natural plant-based remedies as a source for commercial products. Around 80% of the South African population use traditional medicines to meet their primary health care needs; however, only a few South African medicinal plants have been exploited to their full potential in terms of commercialization. The opportunity for bioprospecting of plant compounds for novel pharmaceuticals remains largely untapped. Certain renowned medicinal plants of international acclaim including buchu and rooibos are currently contributing to local enterprise; however, other exciting opportunities exist for commonly used plants which have not yet reached the international arena. This paper focuses on the key research and development contributions of 10 commercially important medicinal plants of South Africa. Traditional uses, scientific validation, commercialisation developments, as well as both potential opportunities and setbacks are discussed.

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Geldenhuys, Coert J. "Weeds or Useful Medicinal Plants in the Rural Home Garden?" Food and Nutrition Bulletin 28, n. 2_suppl2 (giugno 2007): S392—S397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15648265070282s219.

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Background Traditional medicines remain an important health-care service among African indigenous cultures. In South Africa, medicinal plant use (bark, roots, bulbs, and herbs) threatens biodiversity and the sustainability of this informal industry. Several realities have stimulated experimental and adaptive management research into cultivation of key high-demand medicinal plant species in and around the home gardens of poor rural communities for domestic use and for trade: declining supplies, localized extinctions, increasing market prices, and economic opportunities for commercializing traditional medicinal products. Objective and methods This paper reviews three recent South African studies aiming to create alternative medicinal plant resources to reduce dependency on the dwindling wild resources: commercial production of medicinal crop plants; chemistry of wild versus cultivated plants, and of bark versus leaves; and growing of forest tree seedlings in rural home gardens. Results Cultivation trials and chemical testing indicated that different agricultural treatments suit each species differently in terms of either rapid growth rates, strong chemical concentrations, or both. Wild-harvested plants of some species have stronger chemical concentrations than cultivated plants. For several tree species, the bark and leaves contain the same active components associated with healing. Conclusions Successful propagation is not dependent on elaborate and expensive equipment and technologies, but rather on some basic principles of plant growth and methods of manipulating these under controlled conditions. An alternative cultivation method for tree species is the production of leaves as opposed to bark. Cultivation could be done successfully at the school, in home gardens, and in production systems in the village.

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BOTHA, J., E. T. F. WITKOWSKI e C. M. SHACKLETON. "Market profiles and trade in medicinal plants in the Lowveld, South Africa". Environmental Conservation 31, n. 1 (marzo 2004): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892904001067.

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Rising demand for medicinal plants has led to increased pressure on wild plant populations. This, combined with shrinking habitats, means that many species in South Africa are now facing local extinction. In 1997, a study was initiated to determine the extent of trade in medicinal plants in the South African Lowveld (the low lying plains to the east of the Drakensberg escarpment), and to investigate socio-economic factors influencing trade and resource management. Trade was not as extensive in the Lowveld as in major urban markets such as Durban or the Witwatersrand (Johannesburg and surrounding towns), either in terms of the quantity, number or range of species sold, or the numbers of people relying on the trade for an income. In markets assessed in Mpumalanga Province, 176 species were identified (71% of the vernacular names encountered in the market place), representing 69 plant families. In Limpopo, 70 different species were identified (84% of the vernacular names encountered in the market place), representing 40 families. Imports were significant in Mpumalanga (33% of the plants on offer), mainly from Mozambique. A detrended correspondence analysis showed substantial differences between species traded in Mpumalanga and those sold in Limpopo. There was little variation in the species stocked by vendors in Mpumalanga, regardless of the season, the attributes of the seller, or whether business was carried out in urban or rural areas. In contrast, there was considerable variation in the stock inventories of the Limpopo traders. Despite the lower levels of local trade, increased harvesting pressure is being experienced regionally, to meet demand in metropolitan centres such as the Witwatersrand. This study showed considerable local variation and complexities in the harvesting and marketing of medicinal plants, with both a national and an international dimension. This dual spatial scale presents both opportunities and challenges in the management of these plants, which need to be addressed simultaneously, particularly with respect to research requirements and development of predictive models and capacity. Cooperation in conservation strategies and policies is required at regional, national and international levels, while ensuring that management initiatives take into account local market conditions and the socio-economic realities facing both consumers and those who depend on the trade for their livelihoods.

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Balogun, Fatai, e Anofi Ashafa. "A Review of Plants Used in South African Traditional Medicine for the Management and Treatment of Hypertension". Planta Medica 85, n. 04 (26 novembre 2018): 312–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0801-8771.

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AbstractSouth Africa contains 9% of the worldʼs higher plants, and despite its rich biodiversity, it has one of the highest prevalence of hypertension in Africa. This review provides information on medicinal plants embraced in South Africa for hypertension management, with the aim of reporting pharmacological information on the indigenous use of these plants as antihypertensives. This review not only focuses on the activity of antihypertensive medicinal plants but also reports some of its phytochemical constituents and other ethnopharmacological and therapeutic properties. Information obtained from scientific and or unpublished databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, SciFinder, JSTOR, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and various books revealed 117 documented antihypertensive plant species from 50 families. Interestingly, Asteraceae topped the list with 16 species, followed by Fabaceae with 8 species; however, only 25% of all plant species have demonstrated antihypertensive effects originating from both in vitro and in vivo studies, lending credence to their folkloric use. Only 11 plant species reportedly possess antihypertensive properties in animal models, with very few species subjected to analytical processes to reveal the identity of their bioactive antihypertensive compounds. In this review, we hope to encourage researchers and global research institutions (universities, agricultural research councils, and medical research councils), particularly those showing an interest in natural products, for the need for concerted efforts to undertake more studies aimed at revealing the untapped potential of these plants. These studies are very important for the development of new pharmaceuticals of natural origin useful for the management of hypertension.

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Etsassala, Ninon, Tesfaye Waryo, Olugbenga Popoola, Adewale Adeloye, Emmanuel Iwuoha e Ahmed Hussein. "Electrochemical Screening and Evaluation of Lamiaceae Plant Species from South Africa with Potential Tyrosinase Activity". Sensors 19, n. 5 (28 febbraio 2019): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051035.

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South Africa is a country with a wide variety of plants that may contain excellent anti-tyrosinase inhibitors. With wide applications in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and food products, tyrosinase inhibitors have received very special attention in the recent past as a way of preventing the overproduction of melanin in epidermal layers which often over time brings detrimental effects on human skin. In this present study, a fast screening method using a cyclic voltammetry technique was applied in the evaluation of methanolic extracts of twenty-five species of plants from the Lamiaceae family for anti-tyrosinase activity. Among these plants, those that showed a fast current inhibition rate at a minimum concentration when compared to a kojic acid standard were classified as having the greatest anti-tyrosinase activity. These include Salvia chamelaeagnea, S. dolomitica, Plectranthus ecklonii, P. namaensis, and P. zuluensis. The results presented herein focused in particular on providng firsthand information for further extensive research and exploration of natural product materials with anti-tyrosinase activity from South African flora for use in cosmetics, skin care and medicinal treatments.

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Manganyi, Madira Coutlyne, Gothusaone Simon Tlatsana, Given Thato Mokoroane, Keamogetswe Prudence Senna, John Frederick Mohaswa, Kabo Ntsayagae, Justine Fri e Collins Njie Ateba. "Bulbous Plants Drimia: “A Thin Line between Poisonous and Healing Compounds” with Biological Activities". Pharmaceutics 13, n. 9 (1 settembre 2021): 1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091385.

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Drimia (synonym Urginea) plants are bulbous plants belonging to the family Asparagaceae (formerly the family Hyacinthaceae) and are distinctive, powerful medicinal plants. Just some species are indigenous to South Africa and have been traditionally utilized for centuries to cure various diseases and/or ailments. They have been recognized among the most famous and used medicinal plants in South Africa. Traditionally, the plants are used for various illnesses such as dropsy, respiratory disease, bone and joint complications, skin disorders, epilepsy and cancer. A number of studies have reported biological properties such as antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities. Their bulbs are a popular treatment for colds, measles, pneumonia, coughs, fever and headaches. However, some plant species are regarded as one of the six most common poisonous plants in Southern Africa that are toxic to livestock and humans. Due to the therapeutic effects of the Drimia plant bulb, research has focused on the phytochemicals of Drimia species. The principal constituents isolated from this genus are cardiac glycosides. In addition, phenolic compounds, phytosterols and other phytochemical constituents were identified. This study constitutes a critical review of Drimia species’ bioactive compounds, toxicology, biological properties and phytochemistry, advocating it as an important source for effective therapeutic medicine. For this purpose, various scientific electronic databases such as ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Web of Science were researched and reviewed to conduct this study. Despite well-studied biological investigations, there is limited research on the toxic properties and the toxic compounds of certain Drimia species. Searching from 2017 to 2021, Google Scholar search tools retrieved 462 publications; however, only 3 investigated the toxicity and safety aspects of Drimia. The aim was to identify the current scientific research gap on Drimia species, hence highlighting a thin line between poisonous and healing compounds, dotted across numerous publications, in this review paper.

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Adamowicz, Sarah J., Peter M. Hollingsworth, Sujeevan Ratnasingham e Michelle van der Bank. "International Barcode of Life: Focus on big biodiversity in South Africa". Genome 60, n. 11 (novembre 2017): 875–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2017-0210.

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Participants in the 7th International Barcode of Life Conference (Kruger National Park, South Africa, 20–24 November 2017) share the latest findings in DNA barcoding research and its increasingly diversified applications. Here, we review prevailing trends synthesized from among 429 invited and contributed abstracts, which are collated in this open-access special issue of Genome. Hosted for the first time on the African continent, the 7th Conference places special emphasis on the evolutionary origins, biogeography, and conservation of African flora and fauna. Within Africa and elsewhere, DNA barcoding and related techniques are being increasingly used for wildlife forensics and for the validation of commercial products, such as medicinal plants and seafood species. A striking trend of the conference is the dramatic rise of studies on environmental DNA (eDNA) and on diverse uses of high-throughput sequencing techniques. Emerging techniques in these areas are opening new avenues for environmental biomonitoring, managing species-at-risk and invasive species, and revealing species interaction networks in unprecedented detail. Contributors call for the development of validated community standards for high-throughput sequence data generation and analysis, to enable the full potential of these methods to be realized for understanding and managing biodiversity on a global scale.

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Akinyede, Kolajo Adedamola, Christopher Nelson Cupido, Gail Denise Hughes, Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju e Okobi Eko Ekpo. "Medicinal Properties and In Vitro Biological Activities of Selected Helichrysum Species from South Africa: A Review". Plants 10, n. 8 (30 luglio 2021): 1566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081566.

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The genus Helichrysum Mill comprises hundreds of species that are mostly flowering perennial shrubs. Some of these plants that belong to the Helichrysum species are used in traditional medicine to treat cough, back pain, diabetes, asthma, digestive problems, menstrual pain, chest pain, kidney disorders, skin disorders, wounds, open sores, among other conditions, but, only a few scientific studies are reported in the literature with sufficient information that validates the acclaimed folkloric benefits of these plants. This review, therefore, provides a comprehensive update of the available information on the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, anti-proliferative, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-HIV, anti-malarial, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-tyrosinase, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activities of selected Helichrysum species of interest: H. petiolare, H. cymocum, H. foetidum, and H. pandurifolium Schrank, using scientific databases as well as electronic and print sources. The ethnobotanical and morphological characteristics as well as the phytochemical composition and biological activities of these plants are elucidated. The scientific rationale for their current use is discussed based on the evidence in the literature. This review highlights the putative use of the Helichrysum species as a reliable source of bioactive compounds for the production of standard commercial drugs to treat many ailments, including those reported in folkloric uses. Further research on the many plants in the genus Helichrysum is recommended to explore their economic importance both as edible crops and medicinal botanicals.

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VICTOR, JANINE E., GIDEON F. SMITH e ABRAHAM E. VAN WYK. "History and drivers of plant taxonomy in South Africa". Phytotaxa 269, n. 3 (5 agosto 2016): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.269.3.3.

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The development of plant taxonomy in South Africa from about 1600 to 2015 is reviewed, with emphasis on the main driving factors that have influenced the research direction, techniques used, and choice of taxonomic research topic. In addition, key personalities and important historical events are highlighted. The early scientific interest in the flora of South Africa and, by implication, its taxonomy was initially driven by curiosity. Exploration of plants for economic purposes especially for medicinal use and later, agriculture, drove the scientific development of botany and formed the foundation of formal botany in the country. Establishment of botanical gardens and herbaria influenced botanical research, in particular the field of taxonomy. Technological advances lead to increased modernisation of taxonomy as new sources of information derived from other fields of botany were incorporated into taxonomic research. Funding priorities and availability of financial resources influence the taxonomic research that is conducted, and international initiatives that impact on priorities in biodiversity science have further impact on taxonomy. At present the predominant culture of taxonomy is directed towards electronic dissemination of taxonomic information, leading to increased accessibility and connectivity. Strategic planning of plant taxonomy in South Africa has become more formal as relevance and impact of research products increasingly need to be justified with respect to the financial costs of conducting taxonomic research.

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Balogun, Fatai Oladunni, Natu Thomas Tshabalala e Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa. "Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants Used by the Basotho Tribe of Eastern Free State: A Review". Journal of Diabetes Research 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4602820.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) belongs to the group of five leading important diseases causing death globally and remains a major health problem in Africa. A number of factors such as poverty, poor eating habit, and hormonal imbalance are responsible for the occurrence of the disease. It poses a major health challenge in Africa continent today and the prevalence continues to increase at an alarming rate. Various treatment options particularly the usage of herbs have been effective against diabetes because they have no adverse effects. Interestingly, South Africa, especially the Basotho tribe, is blessed with numerous medicinal plants whose usage in the treatment of DM has been effective since the conventional drugs are expensive and often unaffordable. The present study attempted to update the various scientific evidence on the twenty-three (23) plants originating from different parts of the world but widely used by the Sotho people in the management of DM. Asteraceae topped the list of sixteen (16) plant families and remained the most investigated according to this review. Although limited information was obtained on the antidiabetic activities of these plants, it is however anticipated that government parastatals and scientific communities will pay more attention to these plants in future research.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Medicinal plants – Research – South Africa"

Chadwick, Wayne. "Metabolic effects brought about by tricyclic antidepressants and the contribution of a medicinal plant in alleviating high fat diet induced insulin resistance in male wistar rats". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/461.

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Type II diabetes is becoming a growing problem in developed countries worldwide. The median age for diagnosis was around sixty, but recent surveys have shown that the entire age distribution curve shifting left. The incidence of type II diabetes is thought to be parallel with the growing rate of obesity associated with an unhealthy western diet. Type II diabetes is an expensive disease to manage, it is for this reason that cheaper medication needs to be investigated in the form of traditional plants, such as Sutherlandia frutescens. Prescription medication, such as tricyclic antidepressants, may also increase body weight thereby playing a role in obesity. The cause of weight gain in such cases may go unrecognized or lead to cessation of the medication with or without the practitioner’s knowledge or approval. It is therefore necessary to investigate the causative agents responsible for the excessive weight gain. Drinking water containing extracts of S. frutescens or metformin was administered to two groups of eleven insulin resistant male Wistar rats. The insulin resistant control group received water without any medication. Rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks allowing for fasting blood glucose, insulin and tissue glycogen content determination. Glucose uptake was also determined using [3H] deoxyglucose. The effect of the medication and the diet on muscle post receptor insulin signaling proteins was determined through Western blots. Liver proteomics was also performed using 2-D electrophoresis. In a separate experiment 26 male Wistar rats were exposed to strepotozotocin toxin, 7 of these rats received intravenous insulin treatment, 7 rats received S. frutescens extract and 7 rats received a combination of both medications, the remaining 5 received no treatment and served as the control. Rats were sacrificed after 6 days allowing for fasting blood glucose, insulin and tissue glycogen content determination. Two groups of 14 male Wistar rats received amitriptyline or trimipramine (common tricyclic antidepressants) in their drinking water, the control group (30 rats) received water without any medication. The rats’ weight and food consumption was monitored throughout the trial and their oxygen consumption was also determined. Rats were sacrificed after 6 weeks or 14 weeks of medicinal compliance allowing for fasting blood glucose, insulin and tissue glycogen content determination. Glucose uptake was also determined using [3H] deoxyglucose. S. frutescens treatment normalized circulating serum insulin levels and significantly increased the rate of glucose clearance. Certain post receptor insulin signaling proteins were also significantly increased relative to the insulin resistant control group. 2-D electrophoresis identified the normalization of protein levels associated with the urea cycle. S. frutescens was also able to, independently; maintain normoglycaemic levels in the strepotozotocin treated group. The tricyclic antidepressants significantly increased blood glucose levels while significantly reducing tissue glycogen levels for both sacrifice periods. Serum insulin remained unchanged while a significant increase in insulin degradation and insulin degrading enzyme levels were found for both antidepressants. S. frutescens shows promise as a low cost antidiabetic medication for future use. Although the antidepressants did not promote weight gain, the increase in blood glucose levels may be cause for concern in patients with a pre-disposition toward developing diabetes.

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Van, Huyssteen Mea. "Collaborative research with traditional African health practitioners of the Nelson Mandela Metropole : antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-diabetic activities of five medicinal plants". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/663.

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The promotion and development of indigenous knowledge pertaining to the traditional African healing system is one of the prime objectives set out by the South African government. Despite excellent research opportunities and funding, the biggest problem with ethnopharmacological research is a lack of interaction with indigenous communities, which tends to dilute the benefits this research has to offer these communities. The primary aim of this study was thus to promote the traditional African healing system through collaborative medicinal plant research with local traditional health practitioners. The research collaboration aimed to validate some biological activities of traditional remedies used by collaborating traditional health practitioners and ensured interactive sessions where scientific literature, research practices, findings and relevant legislation were discussed and debated. The joint development of a medicinal garden was a valuable tool in realising these goals. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Bulbine frutescens, Ornithogalum longibracteatum, Ruta graveolens, Tarchonanthus camphoratus and Tulbaghia violacea were selected for antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-diabetic screening, because of their sustainable utilisation potential. The ethanol extract of T. violacea produced the best antimicrobial activity on Bacillus subtilis (100% growth inhibition) and Candida albicans (89% growth inhibition) at 250 μg/ml. The EC50 for the ethanol extract of T. violacea against HT29 colon cancer cells was 101 μg/ml. The aqueous extracts of B. frutescens and T. camphoratus (0.5 and 50 μg/ml) produced the highest overall glucose uptake activity in Chang liver and C2C12 muscle cells. T. camphoratus was unanimously chosen by participating practitioners as the plant to be investigated further. The aqueous extract of T. camphoratus increased glucose uptake in C2C12 muscle cells through increased translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane and activation of the PI3-kinase and AMP-kinase pathways. It produced some alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity at concentrations of ≥ 200 μg/ml. Apart from interactive feedback seminars at which the findings were presented to participating practitioners, all scientific literature regarding the plants was summarised, translated, compiled and given to participating practitioners in written format. An indigenous knowledge agreement has been negotiated and will formalise the collaboration in future. It is recommended that future research focuses on plants with economic development potential that can be cultivated in the medicinal garden.

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Lekganyane, Maleho Annastasia. "Isolation and characterization of antibacterial compounds from five selected plants used against bacteria which infects wounds". Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1259.

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Thesis (M.Sc. (Microbiology)) --University of Limpopo, 2015
Five plant species: Ziziphus mucronata, Senna italica, Lantana camara, Ricinus communis and Lippia javanica, were selected for this study based on their use in traditional medicine. In preliminary screening, crude extracts were prepared using hexane, dichloromethane (dcm), acetone and methanol. Phytochemical profiles on Thin Layer Chromatography plates of the extracts were obtained by developing the plates in mobile phases of varying polarity. Tests for compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phlobatannins, terpenes, steroids, cardiac glycosides and saponins were carried out. Antibacterial activity of the extracts was carried out using microdilution assay for Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and bioautography against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was performed using the 2, 2, diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay and Phagoburst test were used to investigate the toxic effects and anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts on mouse Raw 264.7 macrophage cells, respectively. The presence of phytochemicals was observed on the chromatograms after the plates were sprayed with vanillin sulphuric acid reagent. The dcm extracts of the plants showed antibacterial activity against the selected bacterial species on the bioautograms. Senna italica and Z. mucronata showed the most activity bands on the bioautograms. Lippia javanica had the lowest MIC average of 0.56 mg/ml. Antioxidant activity was observed in the extracts of L. javanica and R. communis. The extracts promoted proliferation of the mouse macrophage cells Raw 264.7 at concentrations ranging from 0.31 mg/ml and 0.08 mg/ml. Senna italica leaves were selected for isolation of antibacterial compounds. The isolated compound was analysed on 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) for structural analysis. The structure could not be elucidated due to impurities in the compound but the tentative structure is a branched chain alkane with at least one ether linkage per repeating unit. Therefore the study shows that there are plant components with biological activities against wound infecting bacteria and a single lead compound was identified.
the National Research Foundation

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Adams, Zanele. "Comparative phytochemical analyses of Aloe Ferox Mill. found in Eastern and Western Cape provinces in South Africa". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1013114.

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Faulconbridge, Steven Craig. "Propagating some commonly-used South African medicinal plants with compost and vermitea". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020316.

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The use of many of South Africa’s medicinal plants has shown marked increase with over 27 million users in South Africa alone. Most plants are still being unsustainably wild-harvested, a major concern for biodiversity conservation. Commercial interest in certain more commonly-used species has increased, with potential to cultivate medicinal plants on a more sustainable basis. Focus has shifted from conventional use of synthetic fertilisers, pesticides and fungicides to more organic methods of plant propagation. Aqueous extract derived from earthworm composted food waste (vermitea) was used to study the germination and rooting success of selected species. Also survival and growth performance of selected plants grown in a medium amended with commercial NPK fertiliser was compared to those grown in the same medium amended with compost and to those grown in the same medium amended with compost with weekly applications of vermitea. No change in germination success was noted. Vermitea showed promising results on the rooting of cuttings. The application of NPK improved growth performance (biomass) significantly for all species tested. However, they had lower root:shoot ratios as well as lower survival rates compared to plants under the compost and compost/vermitea treatments. The improved survival of these plants highlights the potential of these organic treatments on the propagation of selected medicinal plants.

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Mathabe, Matlakala Christina. "Bioactivity of medicinal plants used for treatment of diarrhoea in selected villages in Limpopo Province, South Africa". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/925.

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Pruissen, Megan Colleen. "Evaluation of plant extracts : artemisia afra and annona muricata for inhibitory activities against mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019845.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV) have a high prevalence in South Africa. The development and spread of drug resistant tuberculosis is a serious problem which is exacerbated by tuberculosis (TB) co-infection in HIV patients. Traditional medicinal plants like Annona muricata and Artemisia afra are used for respiratory ailments and antiviral therapies respectively. The aim of this study was to evaluate Annona muricata (ethanolic extract) and Artemisia afra (ethanolic and aqueous extracts) for inhibitory activities against M. tuberculosis and HIV. In vitro bioassays for anti-TB activity included: microplate alamar blue assay (MABA), flow cytometry and ρ-iodonitrotetrazolium chloride assays while anti-HIV activity was determined using an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase colorimetric ELISA kit and an HIV-1 integrase colorimetric immunoassay. Cytotoxicity of plant extracts were assessed by the MTT assay on Chang Liver and HepG2 cells. Potential synergistic effects were determined using the basis of Combination Index. Potential interactions of plant extracts with drug metabolic pathways were evaluated with the Glutathione-S-Transferase assay kit as well as the CYP3A4 assay kit. A. muricata ethanolic extract exhibited anti-TB activity with MIC 125 μg/mL. MABA was shown to be the most sensitive and effective method for the detection of anti-TB activity. Artemisia afra aqueous extract showed HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibition exhibiting ˃85 percent inhibition at 1 mg/mL while the ethanolic extracts of A. afra and A. muricata showed inhibition of HIV-1 integrase activity at ˃86.8 percent and ˃88.54 percent respectively at concentrations >0.5 - 4 mg/mL. The aqueous extract of A. afra displayed inhibition of HIV-1 integrase ˃52.16 percent at 0.5 mg/mL increasing to 72.89 percent at 4 mg/ml of the extract. A. muricata was cytotoxic at an IC50 of 30 μg/mL and 77 μg/mL on Chang Liver and HepG2 cells respectively, whilst A. afra aqueous and ethanol extracts were not cytotoxic to both cell lines. The ethanolic extract of A. muricata showed both antagonistic and synergistic properties at various IC values, when used in conjunction with rifampicin. A. afra ethanolic extract interrupted GST activity while aqueous extracts of A. afra and A. muricata had a slight effect. All extracts interrupted CYP3A4 activity, however the ethanolic extracts of A. muricata and A. afra showed greater inhibition than the aqueous extract of A. afra. These extracts should be investigated further as they could be an important source of compounds for treatment of M. tuberculosis and HIV respectively.

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Malamule, R. J. "Mathyelo ya mavito ya misinya yo tshungula mavabyi eka Skhukhuza, eMpumalanga : maendlelo ya onomasitiki". Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1771.

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Chinyama, Robert Fred. "Biological activities of medicinal plants traditionally used to treat Septicaemia in the Eastern Cape, South Africa". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1274.

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Over the past 25 years, there has been a resurgence of worldwide scientific research in the fields of ethnopharmacology. The Western world has acknowledged the continued use of traditional medicines by the majority of third world countries, and the need for novel drug development. Hence, much of the pharmaceutical research in recent years has focused on the ethnobotanical approach to drug discovery (Light et al., 2005). In South Africa, as in most developing parts of the world, traditional herbal medicine still forms the backbone of rural healthcare. The government health services in South Africa provide only western medical care although the majority of the population consult traditional healers for some or all of their healthcare needs (McGaw et al., 2005). Medicinal plants like Harpephyllum caffrum are used as blood purifiers or emetics (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk, 1962), and also for treating acne and eczema. The antimicrobial activity of this plant can be used to treat septicaemia, which is ranked the sixth leading cause of death among neonates and the eighth leading cause of death for infants through the first year of life (Heron, 2007). In this study, the plants investigated for antimicrobial activity were Harpephyllum caffrum, Hermannia cuneifolia, Chironia baccifera, Rhigozum obovatum, Felicia muricata and Pentzia incana. These plants were tested against ATTC (American Type Culture Collection) strains and microorganisms isolated from clinical isolates of patients suffering from septicaemia. The assay methods used included the agar diffusion method using the Mast multipoint inoculator, the microtitre dilution method were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration, thin layer chromatography fingerprints accompanied by bioautographic assay were used to detect the inhibition of bacterial growth by active compounds separated from plant extracts and the Ames test was required to assess the possibility of bacterial mutagenesis upon the exposure to plant extracts which can lead to carcinogenicity. In agar diffusion method, extracts of Harpephyllum caffrum inhibited nine strains of Candida albicans, three species of Acinetobacter and four strains of E.faecalis. Extracts of Hermannia cuneifolia inhibited four strains of B.cereus and three strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Extracts of Chironia baccifera inhibited one strain of Acinetobacter and five strains of E.faecalis. Extracts of plants Rhigozum obovatum, Felicia muricata, and Pentzia incana showed no antimicrobial activity. In the microtitre dilution method used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the results were different from the agar diffusion method. More activity was observed. Extracts of Harpephyllum caffrum inhibited three strains of E.coli, six strains of S.aureus, three species of Acinetobacter and one strain of Klebsiella pneumonia. Extracts of Hermannia cuneifolia inhibited four strains of B.cereus, three strains of S.aureus, two strains of K.oxytoca and one species of Acinetobacter. Extracts of Chironia baccifera inhibited three strains of S.aureus, one strain of MRSA, one species of Acinetobacter and one strain of S.haemolyticus. The MIC values ranged from 0.049 to 6.25mg/ml. Using the thin layer chromatography fingerprints, bioautography showed the presence of various inhibitory chemical compounds. Methanol and acetone extracts of Harpephyllum caffrum, separated very well and showed various inhibition zones on exposure to Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The different inhibition zones were recorded as Rf In the Ames test (Maron and Ames, 1983) the methanol and acetone extracts of Harpephyllum caffrum and Hermannia cuneifolia were negative which means they were devoid of any mutagenic properties. Methanol extracts of Harpephyllum caffrum showed similar results in the Ames assay as reported by Verschaeve and Van Staden (2008). values ranging from 0.25 to 0.95. The zones indicate the different inhibiting chemical compounds present in the plant. Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform and formic acid were the solvents used in the assay in the ratio 8:7:5:1, respectively. Establishing the antimicrobial activity of these plants contribute to the systematic scientific investigation of indigenous South African medicinal plants.

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Essack, Magbubah. "Screening extracts of indigenous South African plants for the presence of anti-cancer compounds". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8767_1210844967.

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Early man dabbled with the use of plant extracts to cure ailments. This practice has been passed down from generation to generation and today more than 50% of the world'sdrugs are natural products or derivatives thereof. Scientists have thus established a branch of research called natural product research. This branch of research involves the identification and purification of secondary metabolites with a specific biological activity. The methodology involves the screening of plant products for a specific biological activity, purification of the biologically active natural product by separation technology and structure determination. The biologically active natural products is then further scrutinized to serve as a novel drug or lead compound for the development of a novel drug. This research exploited this research methodology.

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Libri sul tema "Medicinal plants – Research – South Africa"

Bosch, Van Oudtshoorn, e Gericke Nigel, a cura di. Medicinal plants of South Africa. 2^a ed. Pretoria, South Africa: Briza Publications, 2009.

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Wyk, Ben-Erik Van. Medicinal plants of South Africa. Pretoria: Briza Publications, 1997.

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Tales of a shaman's apprentice: An ethnobotanist searches for new medicines in the Amazon rain forest. New York: Viking, 1993.

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Plotkin, Mark J. Tales of a shaman's apprentice: An ethnobotanist searches for new medicines in the Amazon rain forest. New York: Penguin Books, 1994.

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Gericke, Nigel, Bosch van Oudtshoorn e Ben-Erik van Wyk. Medicinal Plants of South Africa. 2^a ed. Briza, 2002.

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Kuete, Victor. Medicinal Plant Research in Africa: Pharmacology and Chemistry. Elsevier, 2013.

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Lall, Namrita. Medicinal Plants for Holistic Health and Well-Being. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2017.

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Foster, Laura A. Reinventing Hoodia: Peoples, Plants, and Patents in South Africa. University of Washington Press, 2017.

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Foster, Laura A. Reinventing Hoodia: Peoples, Plants, and Patents in South Africa. University of Washington Press, 2017.

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Nature's Own Pharmacy. Protea Boekhuis, 2013.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Medicinal plants – Research – South Africa"

Khunoana, E. Thato, e Lyndy J. McGaw. "Ethnoveterinary Medicinal Plants Used in South Africa". In Ethnoveterinary Medicine, 211–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32270-0_10.

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Kambizi, Learnmore, e Callistus Bvenura. "Medicinal Plants for Strong Immune System and Traditional Skin Therapy in South Africa". In Traditional Herbal Therapy for the Human Immune System, 123–72. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003137955-5.

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Lewis, Walter H., e Memory P. Elvin-Lewis. "Basic, Quantitative and Experimental Research Phases of Future Ethnobotany with Reference to the Medicinal Plants of South America". In Novartis Foundation Symposia, 60–76. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470514634.ch5.

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Rankoana, Agnes Sejabaledi. "Indigenous Plants Used for Primary Healthcare by the Members of a Rural Community in Limpopo Province, South Africa". In Handbook of Research on Protecting and Managing Global Indigenous Knowledge Systems, 100–111. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7492-8.ch006.

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Reliance on traditional plant-derived medicine motivated the World Health Organization recommendation to improve, regulate, and integrate it into the primary healthcare model to offer affordable, reliable, and community-specific primary healthcare. The objective of this chapter was to describe the uses of medicinal plants in traditional medicine to meet the healthcare needs of the members of a rural community in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Structured interviews conducted with 164 participants give evidence of the use of indigenous plant-derived medicine to meet the healthcare needs. This type of healthcare correlates with the World Health Organization primary healthcare, which emphasizes health promotion through curative and preventive care. The study results also present evidence of indigenous knowledge of medicinal plant conservation practices, which embrace observance of cultural taboos and following the prescribed methods of harvesting the plant materials.

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Gibson, Diana. "Medicinal plants in South Africa". In The Politics of Nature and Science in Southern Africa, 127–48. Basler Afrika Bibliographien, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh9vtrj.9.

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Kuete, Victor, Katrin Viertel e Thomas Efferth. "Antiproliferative Potential of African Medicinal Plants". In Medicinal Plant Research in Africa, 711–24. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-405927-6.00018-7.

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Ndip, Roland N., Nicoline F. Tanih e Victor Kuete. "Antidiabetes Activity of African Medicinal Plants". In Medicinal Plant Research in Africa, 753–86. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-405927-6.00020-5.

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Nafiu, Mikhail Olugbemiro, Musa Oyewole Salawu e Mutiu Idowu Kazeem. "Antioxidant Activity of African Medicinal Plants". In Medicinal Plant Research in Africa, 787–803. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-405927-6.00021-7.

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Moshi, Mainen Julius, e Paulo Peter Mhame. "Legislation on Medicinal Plants in Africa". In Medicinal Plant Research in Africa, 843–58. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-405927-6.00023-0.

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Awouafack, Maurice D., Pierre Tane, Victor Kuete e Jacobus N. Eloff. "Sesquiterpenes from the Medicinal Plants of Africa". In Medicinal Plant Research in Africa, 33–103. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-405927-6.00002-3.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Medicinal plants – Research – South Africa"

Makhubu, FN, MC Khosa e LJ McGaw. "Activity of three South African plants on phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi of tomatoes and chemical profiling of the extracts". In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399945.

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Khunoana, ET, B. Madikizela, JO Erhabor, SM Nkadimeng, LF Arnot, IV Wyk e LJ McGaw. "A survey of plant remedies for livestock diseases in the Mnisi community, South Africa, and investigation of their biological activities". In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399649.

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Botha, Jenny. "Mining for medicine — cultivation of medicinal plants as a component of a mine’s social responsibility programme in South Africa". In Fourth International Conference on Mine Closure. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/908_40.

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Thibane, VS, ML Ramphinwa e FN Mudau. "Tyrosinase TLC-autography for South African indigenous tea, Athrixia phylicoides DC, and potential use as a cosmeceutical extract". In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399636.

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Famuyide, IM, FO Fasina, JN Eloff e LJ McGaw. "In vitro biological activities of some South African Syzygium and Eugenia (Myrtaceae) species with potential as phytogenic feed additives". In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399731.

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Ünsal, Tuğçe, e Kübra Yazıcı. "The Importance of Gerbera as a Cut Flower and Advances of It in Scientific Research". In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.010.

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Gerbera, a member of the Asteraceae family, has approximately 30 species known in nature. It has spread naturally in South Africa, Africa, Madagascar, and tropical Asia. The first scientific description of gerberas is J.D. Described by Hooker. It is also known as the Transvaal Daisy or Barberton Daisy. It is the second most produced cut flower after carnation as cut flower in our country. We can divide the scientific studies conducted on the gerbera plant into four groups. Studies in general; To produce 1st quality gerbera by providing the growth of plant height, flower diameter and flower stem with growth regulators, to obtain fast and many plants with tissue culture, to bring new products to the product range with breeding studies and to maintain the vitality of the plant in the process from harvest to consumer It is based on increasing the life of the vase and introducing new solutions to the market. This study was conducted to emphasize the importance of Gerbera as a cut flower and its developments in scientific research.

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Esch, Markus, Bernd Ju¨rgens, Antonio Hurtado, Dietrich Knoche e Wolfgang Tietsch. "State of the Art of Helium Heat Exchanger Development for Future HTR-Projects". In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58146.

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In Germany two HTR nuclear power plants had been built and operated, the AVR-15 and the THTR-300. Also various projects for different purposes in a large power range had been developed. The AVR-15, an experimental reactor with a power output of 15 MWel was operated for more than 20 years with excellent results. The THTR-300 was designed as a prototype demonstration plant with 300 MWel and should be the technological basis for the entire future reactor line. The THTR-300 was prematurely shut down and decommissioned because of political reasons. But because of the accompanying comprehensive R&D program and the operation time of about 5 years, the technology was proved and essential operational results were gained. The AVR steam generator was installed above the reactor core. The six THTR heat exchangers were arranged circularly around the reactor core. Both heat exchanger systems have been operated successfully and furthermore acted as a residual heat removal system. The technology knowledge and experience gained on these existing HTR plants is still available at Westinghouse Electric Germany GmbH since Westinghouse is one of the legal successors of the former German HTR companies. As a follow-up project of THTR, the HTR-500 was developed and designed up to the manufacturing stage. For this plant additionally to the 8 steam generators, two residual heat removal heat exchangers were foreseen. These were to be installed in a ring around the reactor core. All these HTRs were designed for the generation of electricity using a steam cycle. Extensive research work has also been done for advanced applications of HTR technology e.g. using a direct cycle within the HHT project or generating process heat within the framework of the PNP project. Because of the critical attitude of the German government to the nuclear power in the past 20 years in Germany there was only a very limited interest in the further development of the HTR technology. As a consequence of the German decision, at the beginning of the 90s, to phase out nuclear power completely, research and funding of further development of HTR reactor design was also cut down. Today’s HTR reactor designs, such as the PBMR in South Africa, use a direct cycle with a gas turbine. This technology is also based on the THTR technology and PBMR is a licensed party. For the HTR-PM in China and the future oil sand projects powered by HTR’s in Canada and Siberia however the use of steam generators is required. Westinghouse and Dresden University cooperate in the field of steam generator technology for HTR reactors. The existing know-how for HTR is based on a huge pool of knowledge gained by the past German HTR projects mentioned above and consists especially of the design methodology, the mechanical layout and material issues for helium heated steam generators. The project team consists of experienced specialists who have worked on HTR projects in the past and of young graduate engineers. Main goal of the project is to analyze the existing know-how and to adjust it to the state of the art. As a first step, the existing design and its methodology is being analyzed and the different points of improvement are identified. The final step of the program is the description of a new methodology which fulfills the severe requirements of the customer and all of the actual licensing conditions. One of the reasons why this project has been launched is that the requirements of life expectancy for HTR components increase and the material limits will be reached, especially at high temperatures. This implies that the design of helix heat exchangers has to allow inservice inspections; this was not a requirement for the previous THTR design. Methodologies for in-service inspections already had been developed, but they are not sufficient for today’s tube lengths and have to be adapted. Another example, based on operating experience, is using reheaters to increase the efficiency is not recommended today. Using supercritical steam conditions to increase the efficiency should be investigated instead. In general, the economic benefit has to be balanced against the additional costs resulting from better material and more complex manufacturing.

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