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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Meiosis"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 25 luglio 2025

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1

Zhang, Qian, Wenzhe Zhang, Xinyi Wu, et al. "Homozygous missense variant in MEIOSIN causes premature ovarian insufficiency." Human Reproduction 38, Supplement_2 (2023): ii47—ii56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dead084.

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Abstract STUDY QUESTION Are variants of genes involved in meiosis initiation responsible for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI)? SUMMARY ANSWER A MEIOSIN variant participates in the pathogenesis of human POI by impairing meiosis due to insufficient transcriptional activation of essential meiotic genes. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Meiosis is the key event for the establishment of the ovarian reserve, and several gene defects impairing meiotic homologous recombination have been found to contribute to the pathogenesis of POI. Although STRA8 and MEIOISN variants have been found to associate with POI

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2

Hasenkampf, C. A., A. A. Taylor, N. U. Siddiqui, and C. D. Riggs. "meiotin-1 gene expression in normal anthers and in anthers exhibiting prematurely condensed chromosomes." Genome 43, no. 4 (2000): 604–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g00-021.

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We have cloned and sequenced the promoter of a meiotin-1 gene, and have determined the precise temporal and spatial pattern of meiotin-1 gene expression. The expression of the meiotin-1 gene is controlled in two increments. The meiotin-1 gene is not expressed in any of the vegetative tissues examined. Early in microsporogenesis, low levels of meiotin-1 RNA can be detected. At the onset of meiosis, there is a dramatic increase in meiotin-1 RNA levels in both tapetal and meiotic cells. However, while meiotin-1 RNA is observed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of meiotic cells, it is found only i

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3

Goldway, M., A. Sherman, D. Zenvirth, T. Arbel, and G. Simchen. "A short chromosomal region with major roles in yeast chromosome III meiotic disjunction, recombination and double strand breaks." Genetics 133, no. 2 (1993): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/133.2.159.

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Abstract A multicopy plasmid was isolated from a yeast genomic library, whose presence resulted in a twofold increase in meiotic nondisjunction of chromosome III. The plasmid contains a 7.5-kb insert from the middle of the right arm of chromosome III, including the gene THR4. Using chromosomal fragments derived from chromosome III, we determined that the cloned region caused a significant, specific, cis-acting increase in chromosome III nondisjunction in the first meiotic division. The plasmid containing this segment exhibited high spontaneous meiotic integration into chromosome III (in 2.4% o

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4

Ross, Lyle O., Susannah Rankin, Michèle F. Shuster, and Dean S. Dawson. "Effects of Homology, Size and Exchange on the Meiotic Segregation of Model Chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 142, no. 1 (1996): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/142.1.79.

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In most eukaryotic organisms, chiasmata, the connections formed between homologous chromosomes as a consequence of crossing over, are important for ensuring that the homologues move away from each other at meiosis I. Some organisms have the capacity to partition the rare homologues that have failed to experience reciprocal recombination. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is able to correctly partition achiasmate homologues with low fidelity by a mechanism that is largely unknown. It is possible to test which parameters affect the ability of achiasmate chromosomes to segregate by constructing

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5

Sun, H., D. Dawson, and J. W. Szostak. "Genetic and physical analyses of sister chromatid exchange in yeast meiosis." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 12 (1991): 6328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.12.6328-6336.1991.

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We have used nonessential circular minichromosomes to monitor sister chromatid exchange during yeast meiosis. Genetic analysis shows that a 64-kb circular minichromosome undergoes sister chromatid exchange during 40% of meioses. This frequency is not reduced by the presence of a homologous linear minichromosome. Furthermore, sister chromatid exchange can be stimulated by the presence of a 12-kb ARG4 DNA fragment, which contains initiation sites for meiotic gene conversion. Using physical analysis, we have directly identified a product of sister chromatid exchange: a head-to-tail dimer form of

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6

Sun, H., D. Dawson, and J. W. Szostak. "Genetic and physical analyses of sister chromatid exchange in yeast meiosis." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 12 (1991): 6328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.12.6328.

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We have used nonessential circular minichromosomes to monitor sister chromatid exchange during yeast meiosis. Genetic analysis shows that a 64-kb circular minichromosome undergoes sister chromatid exchange during 40% of meioses. This frequency is not reduced by the presence of a homologous linear minichromosome. Furthermore, sister chromatid exchange can be stimulated by the presence of a 12-kb ARG4 DNA fragment, which contains initiation sites for meiotic gene conversion. Using physical analysis, we have directly identified a product of sister chromatid exchange: a head-to-tail dimer form of

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7

Tsuchiya, Dai, Claire Gonzalez, and Soni Lacefield. "The spindle checkpoint protein Mad2 regulates APC/C activity during prometaphase and metaphase of meiosis I in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular Biology of the Cell 22, no. 16 (2011): 2848–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e11-04-0378.

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In many eukaryotes, disruption of the spindle checkpoint protein Mad2 results in an increase in meiosis I nondisjunction, suggesting that Mad2 has a conserved role in ensuring faithful chromosome segregation in meiosis. To characterize the meiotic function of Mad2, we analyzed individual budding yeast cells undergoing meiosis. We find that Mad2 sets the duration of meiosis I by regulating the activity of APCCdc20. In the absence of Mad2, most cells undergo both meiotic divisions, but securin, a substrate of the APC/C, is degraded prematurely, and prometaphase I/metaphase I is accelerated. Some

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8

Page, A. W., and T. L. Orr-Weaver. "The Drosophila genes grauzone and cortex are necessary for proper female meiosis." Journal of Cell Science 109, no. 7 (1996): 1707–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.109.7.1707.

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In Drosophila, normal female meiosis arrests at metaphase I. After meiotic arrest is released by egg activation, the two meiotic divisions are rapidly completed, even in unfertilized eggs. Since little is known about the regulation of the meiotic cell cycle after the meiotic arrest, we screened for mutants that arrest in meiosis. Here we describe the phenotype of eggs laid by sterile mothers mutant for either grauzone or cortex. These eggs arrest in metaphase of meiosis II, and although they can enter into an aberrant anaphase II, they never exit meiosis. Prolonged sister-chromatid cohesion is

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9

Uranishi, Kousuke, Masataka Hirasaki, Yuka Kitamura, et al. "Two DNA Binding Domains of MGA Act in Combination to Suppress Ectopic Activation of Meiosis-Related Genes in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells." Stem Cells 39, no. 11 (2021): 1435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stem.3433.

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Abstract Although the physiological meaning of the high potential of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for meiotic entry is not understood, a rigid safeguarding system is required to prevent ectopic onset of meiosis. PRC1.6, a non-canonical PRC1, is known for its suppression of precocious and ectopic meiotic onset in germ cells and ESCs, respectively. MGA, a scaffolding component of PRC1.6, bears two distinct DNA-binding domains termed bHLHZ and T-box. However, it is unclear how this feature contributes to the functions of PRC1.6. Here, we demonstrated that both domains repress distinct sets o

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10

Paliulis, Leocadia V., and R. Bruce Nicklas. "The Reduction of Chromosome Number in Meiosis Is Determined by Properties Built into the Chromosomes." Journal of Cell Biology 150, no. 6 (2000): 1223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.150.6.1223.

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In meiosis I, two chromatids move to each spindle pole. Then, in meiosis II, the two are distributed, one to each future gamete. This requires that meiosis I chromosomes attach to the spindle differently than meiosis II chromosomes and that they regulate chromosome cohesion differently. We investigated whether the information that dictates the division type of the chromosome comes from the whole cell, the spindle, or the chromosome itself. Also, we determined when chromosomes can switch from meiosis I behavior to meiosis II behavior. We used a micromanipulation needle to fuse grasshopper sperm

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11

Smith, H. E., and A. P. Mitchell. "A transcriptional cascade governs entry into meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 5 (1989): 2142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.5.2142-2152.1989.

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Two signals activate meiosis in yeast: starvation and expression of the a1 and alpha 2 products of the mating-type locus. Prior studies suggest that these signals stimulate expression of an activator of meiosis, the IME1 (inducer of meiosis) product. We have cloned a gene, IME2, with properties similar to those of IME1: both genes are required for meiosis, and both RNAs are induced in meiotic cells. Elevated dosage of IME1 or IME2 stimulates the meiotic recombination pathway without starvation; thus, the IME products may be part of the switch that activates meiosis. IME1 was found to be requir

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12

Smith, H. E., and A. P. Mitchell. "A transcriptional cascade governs entry into meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 5 (1989): 2142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.5.2142.

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Abstract (sommario):

Two signals activate meiosis in yeast: starvation and expression of the a1 and alpha 2 products of the mating-type locus. Prior studies suggest that these signals stimulate expression of an activator of meiosis, the IME1 (inducer of meiosis) product. We have cloned a gene, IME2, with properties similar to those of IME1: both genes are required for meiosis, and both RNAs are induced in meiotic cells. Elevated dosage of IME1 or IME2 stimulates the meiotic recombination pathway without starvation; thus, the IME products may be part of the switch that activates meiosis. IME1 was found to be requir

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13

Loidl, Josef. "Tetrahymena meiosis: Simple yet ingenious." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 7 (2021): e1009627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009627.

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The presence of meiosis, which is a conserved component of sexual reproduction, across organisms from all eukaryotic kingdoms, strongly argues that sex is a primordial feature of eukaryotes. However, extant meiotic structures and processes can vary considerably between organisms. The ciliated protist Tetrahymena thermophila, which diverged from animals, plants, and fungi early in evolution, provides one example of a rather unconventional meiosis. Tetrahymena has a simpler meiosis compared with most other organisms: It lacks both a synaptonemal complex (SC) and specialized meiotic machinery for

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Cooper, Katrina F., and Randy Strich. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae C-Type Cyclin Ume3p/Srb11p Is Required for Efficient Induction and Execution of Meiotic Development." Eukaryotic Cell 1, no. 1 (2002): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.01.1.66-74.2002.

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ABSTRACT The yeast C-type cyclin Ume3p/Srb11p and its cyclin-dependent kinase partner Ume5p/Srb10p repress the transcription of several genes required for meiotic recombination or meiosis I nuclear division. To relieve this repression, Srb11p is destroyed early in meiosis, prior to the first meiotic division. This report identifies two roles for Srb11p in regulating meiotic development. First, SRB11 is required for the normal exit from the mitotic cell cycle prior to meiotic induction. Specifically, mutants lacking SRB11 (srb11Δ) uncouple bud growth from chromosome segregation, producing small

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15

Nelms, Brad, and Virginia Walbot. "Defining the developmental program leading to meiosis in maize." Science 364, no. 6435 (2019): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aav6428.

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In multicellular organisms, the entry into meiosis is a complex process characterized by increasing meiotic specialization. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we reconstructed the developmental program into maize male meiosis. A smooth continuum of expression stages before meiosis was followed by a two-step transcriptome reorganization in leptotene, during which 26.7% of transcripts changed in abundance by twofold or more. Analysis of cell-cycle gene expression indicated that nearly all pregerminal cells proliferate, eliminating a stem-cell model to generate meiotic cells. Mutants defective in

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16

Nag, D. K., M. P. Koonce, and J. Axelrod. "SSP1, a gene necessary for proper completion of meiotic divisions and spore formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 17, no. 12 (1997): 7029–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.17.12.7029.

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During meiosis, a diploid cell undergoes two rounds of nuclear division following one round of DNA replication to produce four haploid gametes. In yeast, haploid meiotic products are packaged into spores. To gain new insights into meiotic development and spore formation, we followed differential expression of genes in meiotic versus vegetatively growing cells in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our results indicate that there are at least five different classes of transcripts representing genes expressed at different stages of the sporulation program. Here we describe one of these different

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17

Lee, R. H., and S. M. Honigberg. "Nutritional regulation of late meiotic events in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through a pathway distinct from initiation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 16, no. 6 (1996): 3222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.16.6.3222.

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The IME1 gene is essential for initiation of meiosis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, although it is not required for growth. Here we report that in stationary-phase cultures containing low concentration of glucose, cells overexpressing IME1 undergo the early meiotic events, including DNA replication, commitment to recombination, and synaptonemal complex formation and dissolution. In contrast, later meiotic events, such as chromosome segregation, commitment to meiosis, and spore formation, do not occur. Thus, nutrients can repress the late stages of meiosis independently of their block o

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18

Borgne, Annie, Hiroshi Murakami, José Ayté, and Paul Nurse. "The G1/S Cyclin Cig2p during Meiosis in Fission Yeast." Molecular Biology of the Cell 13, no. 6 (2002): 2080–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.01-10-0507.

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Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are important for both mitotic and meiotic cell cycles. In fission yeast, the major CDK, Cdc2p is involved in premeiotic DNA replication and in meiosis II. One of its partners, the mitotic cyclin Cdc13p is known to be required for meiosis, whereas there are no studies on the G1/S cyclin Cig2p. In this article, we have studied the regulation of the Cdc2p/Cdc13p and Cdc2p/Cig2p complexes during synchronous meiosis. We observed that Cdc2p/Cig2p kinase is activated in an unexpected biphasic manner, first at onset of premeiotic S phase and again during meiotic nuclea

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Sakuno, Takeshi, and Yasushi Hiraoka. "Rec8 Cohesin: A Structural Platform for Shaping the Meiotic Chromosomes." Genes 13, no. 2 (2022): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13020200.

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Meiosis is critically different from mitosis in that during meiosis, pairing and segregation of homologous chromosomes occur. During meiosis, the morphology of sister chromatids changes drastically, forming a prominent axial structure in the synaptonemal complex. The meiosis-specific cohesin complex plays a central role in the regulation of the processes required for recombination. In particular, the Rec8 subunit of the meiotic cohesin complex, which is conserved in a wide range of eukaryotes, has been analyzed for its function in modulating chromosomal architecture during the pairing and reco

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20

Hayashi, Aki, Haruhiko Asakawa, Tokuko Haraguchi, and Yasushi Hiraoka. "Reconstruction of the Kinetochore during Meiosis in Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Molecular Biology of the Cell 17, no. 12 (2006): 5173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-05-0388.

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During the transition from mitosis to meiosis, the kinetochore undergoes significant reorganization, switching from a bipolar to a monopolar orientation. To examine the centromere proteins that are involved in fundamental reorganization in meiosis, we observed the localization of 22 mitotic and 2 meiotic protein components of the kinetochore during meiosis in living cells of the fission yeast. We found that the 22 mitotic proteins can be classified into three groups: the Mis6-like group, the NMS (Ndc80-Mis12-Spc7) group, and the DASH group, based on their meiotic behavior. Mis6-like group prot

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21

Hochegger, Helfrid, Andrea Klotzbücher, Jane Kirk, et al. "New B-type cyclin synthesis is required between meiosis I and II duringXenopusoocyte maturation." Development 128, no. 19 (2001): 3795–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.19.3795.

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Progression through meiosis requires two waves of maturation promoting factor (MPF) activity corresponding to meiosis I and meiosis II. Frog oocytes contain a pool of inactive ‘pre-MPF’ consisting of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 bound to B-type cyclins, of which we now find three previously unsuspected members, cyclins B3, B4 and B5. Protein synthesis is required to activate pre-MPF, and we show here that this does not require new B-type cyclin synthesis, probably because of a large maternal stockpile of cyclins B2 and B5. This stockpile is degraded after meiosis I and consequently, the activatio

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22

Li, Qianyan, Sara Hariri, and JoAnne Engebrecht. "Meiotic Double-Strand Break Processing and Crossover Patterning Are Regulated in a Sex-Specific Manner by BRCA1–BARD1 in Caenorhabditis elegans." Genetics 216, no. 2 (2020): 359–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.120.303292.

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Meiosis is regulated in a sex-specific manner to produce two distinct gametes, sperm and oocytes, for sexual reproduction. To determine how meiotic recombination is regulated in spermatogenesis, we analyzed the meiotic phenotypes of mutants in the tumor suppressor E3 ubiquitin ligase BRC-1-BRD-1 complex in Caenorhabditis elegans male meiosis. Unlike in mammals, this complex is not required for meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, the process whereby hemizygous sex chromosomes are transcriptionally silenced. Interestingly, brc-1 and brd-1 mutants show meiotic recombination phenotypes that are l

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23

Fujiwara, Yasuhiro, Mary Ann Handel, and Yuki Okada. "R-Loop Formation in Meiosis: Roles in Meiotic Transcription-Associated DNA Damage." Epigenomes 6, no. 3 (2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes6030026.

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Meiosis is specialized cell division during gametogenesis that produces genetically unique gametes via homologous recombination. Meiotic homologous recombination entails repairing programmed 200–300 DNA double-strand breaks generated during the early prophase. To avoid interference between meiotic gene transcription and homologous recombination, mammalian meiosis is thought to employ a strategy of exclusively transcribing meiotic or post-meiotic genes before their use. Recent studies have shown that R-loops, three-stranded DNA/RNA hybrid nucleotide structures formed during transcription, play

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Yang, Hui-Ju, Haruhiko Asakawa, Tokuko Haraguchi, and Yasushi Hiraoka. "Nup132 modulates meiotic spindle attachment in fission yeast by regulating kinetochore assembly." Journal of Cell Biology 211, no. 2 (2015): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201501035.

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During meiosis, the kinetochore undergoes substantial reorganization to establish monopolar spindle attachment. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the KNL1–Spc7-Mis12-Nuf2 (KMN) complex, which constitutes the outer kinetochore, is disassembled during meiotic prophase and is reassembled before meiosis I. Here, we show that the nucleoporin Nup132 is required for timely assembly of the KMN proteins: In the absence of Nup132, Mis12 and Spc7 are precociously assembled at the centromeres during meiotic prophase. In contrast, Nuf2 shows timely dissociation and reappearance at the meiotic

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Sou, Ieng Fong, Rebecca M. Pryce, Wee-Wei Tee, and Urszula Lucja McClurg. "Meiosis initiation: a story of two sexes in all creatures great and small." Biochemical Journal 478, no. 20 (2021): 3791–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20210412.

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Meiosis facilitates diversity across individuals and serves as a major driver of evolution. However, understanding how meiosis begins is complicated by fundamental differences that exist between sexes and species. Fundamental meiotic research is further hampered by a current lack of human meiotic cells lines. Consequently, much of what we know relies on data from model organisms. However, contextualising findings from yeast, worms, flies and mice can be challenging, due to marked differences in both nomenclature and the relative timing of meiosis. In this review, we set out to combine current

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Tsubouchi, Hideo. "The Hop2-Mnd1 Complex and Its Regulation of Homologous Recombination." Biomolecules 13, no. 4 (2023): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13040662.

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Homologous recombination (HR) is essential for meiosis in most sexually reproducing organisms, where it is induced upon entry into meiotic prophase. Meiotic HR is conducted by the collaborative effort of proteins responsible for DNA double-strand break repair and those produced specifically during meiosis. The Hop2-Mnd1 complex was originally identified as a meiosis-specific factor that is indispensable for successful meiosis in budding yeast. Later, it was found that Hop2-Mnd1 is conserved from yeasts to humans, playing essential roles in meiosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that Hop2-Mnd1

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Honigberg, Saul M., and Rita H. Lee. "Snf1 Kinase Connects Nutritional Pathways Controlling Meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 18, no. 8 (1998): 4548–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.18.8.4548.

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ABSTRACT Glucose inhibits meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae at three different steps (IME1 transcription, IME2transcription, and entry into late stages of meiosis). Because many of the regulatory effects of glucose in yeast are mediated through the inhibition of Snf1 kinase, a component of the glucose repression pathway, we determined the role of SNF1 in regulating meiosis. Deleting SNF1 repressed meiosis at the same three steps that were inhibited by glucose, suggesting that glucose blocks meiosis by inhibiting Snf1. For example, the snf1Δ mutant completely failed to induce IME1 transcripts

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McCarroll, R. M., and R. E. Esposito. "SPO13 negatively regulates the progression of mitotic and meiotic nuclear division in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 138, no. 1 (1994): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/138.1.47.

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Abstract The meiosis-specific yeast gene SPO13 has been previously shown to be required to obtain two successive divisions in meiosis. We report here that vegetative expression of this gene causes a CDC28-dependent cell-cycle arrest at mitosis. Overexpression of SPO13 during meiosis causes a transient block to completion of the meiosis I division and suppresses the inability of cdc28ts strains to execute meiosis II. The spo13 defect can be partially suppressed by conditions that slow progression of the first meiotic division. Based on the results presented below, we propose that SPO13 acts as

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Loidl, Josef, and Knud Nairz. "Karyotype Variability in Yeast Caused by Nonallelic Recombination in Haploid Meiosis." Genetics 146, no. 1 (1997): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/146.1.79.

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Chromosomes of altered size were found in the meiotic products of a haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain by pulsed field gel electrophoretic separation of whole chromosomes. About 7% of haploid meioses produced chromosomes that differed by ≥10 kb from their wild-type counterparts. Chromosomes most often became enlarged or shortened due to recombination events between sister chromatids at nonallelic sequences. By this mechanism chromosome III acquired tandem arrays of up to eight extra copies of the ∼100 kb MAT-HMR segment during repeated rounds of haploid meioses. Enlarged chromosomes III w

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Walters, Marta Sherman. "Meiosis readiness in Lilium." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 27, no. 1 (1985): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g85-007.

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It was observed in five cultivars and two hybrids of Lilium that premeiotic prophase is retarded in anthers approaching meiosis. The occurrence of premeiotic despiralization was related to the degree of retardation of premeiotic prophase. It is proposed that meiosis is initiated by stimuli arising outside the premeiotic cells. It is suggested that an accumulation of meiosis-inducing substances in the cytoplasm of the premeiotic cells causes prophase to slow down; when a critical level ("meiosis readiness") is reached, mitotic division is no longer possible and cells in premeiotic prophase desp

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Mukherjee, Kaustav, Bruce Futcher, and Janet Leatherwood. "mmi1 and rep2 mRNAs are novel RNA targets of the Mei2 RNA-binding protein during early meiosis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Open Biology 8, no. 9 (2018): 180110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.180110.

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The RNA-binding protein Mei2 is crucial for meiosis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In mei2 mutants, pre-meiotic S-phase is blocked, along with meiosis. Mei2 binds a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) called meiRNA, which is a ‘sponge RNA’ for the meiotic inhibitor protein Mmi1. The interaction between Mei2, meiRNA and Mmi1 protein is essential for meiosis. But mei2 mutants have stronger and different phenotypes than meiRNA mutants, since mei2Δ arrests before pre-meiotic S, while the meiRNA mutant arrests after pre-meiotic S but before meiosis. This suggests Mei2 may bind additional RNAs. To identify

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Scherthan, H., J. Bähler, and J. Kohli. "Dynamics of chromosome organization and pairing during meiotic prophase in fission yeast." Journal of Cell Biology 127, no. 2 (1994): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.127.2.273.

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Interactions between homologous chromosomes (pairing, recombination) are of central importance for meiosis. We studied entire chromosomes and defined chromosomal subregions in synchronous meiotic cultures of Schizosaccharomyces pombe by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Probes of different complexity were applied to spread nuclei, to delineate whole chromosomes, to visualize repeated sequences of centromeres, telomeres, and ribosomal DNA, and to study unique sequences of different chromosomal regions. In diploid nuclei, homologous chromosomes share a joint territory even before entry into me

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Farini, Donatella, and Massimo De Felici. "The Beginning of Meiosis in Mammalian Female Germ Cells: A Never-Ending Story of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 20 (2022): 12571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012571.

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Meiosis is the unique division of germ cells resulting in the recombination of the maternal and paternal genomes and the production of haploid gametes. In mammals, it begins during the fetal life in females and during puberty in males. In both cases, entering meiosis requires a timely switch from the mitotic to the meiotic cell cycle and the transition from a potential pluripotent status to meiotic differentiation. Revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying these interrelated processes represents the essence in understanding the beginning of meiosis. Meiosis facilitates diversity across ind

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34

Park, Zachory M., Abigail J. Sporer, Katherine Kraft, et al. "Kar4, the yeast homolog of METTL14, is required for mRNA m6A methylation and meiosis." PLOS Genetics 19, no. 8 (2023): e1010896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010896.

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Abstract (sommario):

KAR4, the yeast homolog of the mammalian mRNA N6A-methyltransferase complex component METTL14, is required for two disparate developmental programs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: mating and meiosis. To understand KAR4’s role in yeast mating and meiosis, we used a genetic screen to isolate 25 function-specific mutant alleles, which map to non-overlapping surfaces on a predicted structure of the Kar4 protein (Kar4p). Most of the mating-specific alleles (Mat-) abolish Kar4p’s interaction with the transcription factor Ste12p, indicating that Kar4p’s mating function is through Ste12p. In yeast, the m

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35

Llano, Elena, and Alberto M. Pendás. "Synaptonemal Complex in Human Biology and Disease." Cells 12, no. 13 (2023): 1718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12131718.

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Abstract (sommario):

The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a meiosis-specific multiprotein complex that forms between homologous chromosomes during prophase of meiosis I. Upon assembly, the SC mediates the synapses of the homologous chromosomes, leading to the formation of bivalents, and physically supports the formation of programmed double-strand breaks (DSBs) and their subsequent repair and maturation into crossovers (COs), which are essential for genome haploidization. Defects in the assembly of the SC or in the function of the associated meiotic recombination machinery can lead to meiotic arrest and human infertil

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36

Havekes, Francis W. J., J. Hans de Jong, and Christa Heyting. "Comparative analysis of female and male meiosis in three meiotic mutants of tomato." Genome 40, no. 6 (1997): 879–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g97-814.

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Abstract (sommario):

Female meiosis was analysed in squash preparations of ovules from three meiotic mutants and wild-type plants of tomato. In the completely asynaptic mutant as6, chromosome pairing and chiasma formation were virtually absent in both sexes. In the partially asynaptic mutant asb, with intermediate levels of chromosome pairing at pachytene, there were a higher number of chiasmate chromosome arms in female meiosis than in male meiosis, whereas in the desynaptic mutant as5 there were normal levels of chromosome pairing at pachytene and a similar reduction in chiasma frequency in the two sexes. In wil

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37

Hanna, Carol, Suzanne Menges, Duane Kraemer, and Charles R. Long. "Synchronisation of canine germinal vesicle stage oocytes prior to in vitro maturation alters the kinetics of nuclear progression during subsequent resumption of meiosis." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 5 (2008): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd07227.

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Abstract (sommario):

Inhibition of meiosis before in vitro maturation (IVM) can improve meiotic competence in immature mammalian oocytes. Therefore, meiosis-inhibiting agents were evaluated singularly for the ability to arrest and synchronise germinal vesicle (GV) stage canine oocytes, and the most effective treatments were combined to improve meiotic resumption rates. Oocytes cultured in 2 ng mL–1 oestradiol (E2), 10 IU mL–1 eCG, or both (EG) for 72 h resulted in significantly fewer oocytes resuming meiosis in EG than the control, E2, or with eCG. Oocytes cultured in 50 or 100 μmol L–1 of butyrolactone 1 or rosco

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38

Zeng, Xuemei, and William S. Saunders. "The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Centromere Protein Slk19p Is Required for Two Successive Divisions During Meiosis." Genetics 155, no. 2 (2000): 577–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/155.2.577.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Meiotic cell division includes two separate and distinct types of chromosome segregation. In the first segregational event the sister chromatids remain attached at the centromere; in the second the chromatids are separated. The factors that control the order of chromosome segregation during meiosis have not yet been identified but are thought to be confined to the centromere region. We showed that the centromere protein Slk19p is required for the proper execution of meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In its absence diploid cells skip meiosis I and execute meiosis II division. Inhibi

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39

Lo, Hsiao-Chi, Lihong Wan, Adam Rosebrock, Bruce Futcher, and Nancy M. Hollingsworth. "Cdc7-Dbf4 Regulates NDT80 Transcription as Well as Reductional Segregation during Budding Yeast Meiosis." Molecular Biology of the Cell 19, no. 11 (2008): 4956–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e08-07-0755.

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Abstract (sommario):

In budding yeast, as in other eukaryotes, the Cdc7 protein kinase is important for initiation of DNA synthesis in vegetative cells. In addition, Cdc7 has crucial meiotic functions: it facilitates premeiotic DNA replication, and it is essential for the initiation of recombination. This work uses a chemical genetic approach to demonstrate that Cdc7 kinase has additional roles in meiosis. First, Cdc7 allows expression of NDT80, a meiosis-specific transcriptional activator required for the induction of genes involved in exit from pachytene, meiotic progression, and spore formation. Second, Cdc7 is

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40

Sears, D. D., J. H. Hegemann, J. H. Shero, and P. Hieter. "Cis-acting determinants affecting centromere function, sister-chromatid cohesion and reciprocal recombination during meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 139, no. 3 (1995): 1159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/139.3.1159.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract We have employed a system that utilizes homologous pairs of human DNA-derived yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) as marker chromosomes to assess the specific role(s) of conserved centromere DNA elements (CDEI, CDEII and CDEIII) in meiotic chromosome disjunction fidelity. Thirteen different centromere (CEN) mutations were tested for their effects on meiotic centromere function. YACs containing a wild-type CEN DNA sequence segregate with high fidelity in meiosis I (99% normal segregation) and in meiosis II (96% normal segregation). YACs containing a 31-bp deletion mutation in centromer

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41

Kohl, Kathryn P., and Jeff Sekelsky. "Meiotic and Mitotic Recombination in Meiosis." Genetics 194, no. 2 (2013): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.113.150581.

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42

Byers, Breck, and Nancy M. Hollingsworth. "Meiosis: DNA branching during meiotic recombination." Current Biology 4, no. 5 (1994): 448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00100-7.

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43

Dudley, Keith. "Meiotic Inhibition - Molecular Control of Meiosis." FEBS Letters 253, no. 1-2 (1989): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(89)80984-6.

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44

Shanks, Robert M. Q., Rebecca J. Kamieniecki, and Dean S. Dawson. "The Kar3-Interacting Protein Cik1p Plays a Critical Role in Passage Through Meiosis I in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 159, no. 3 (2001): 939–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/159.3.939.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Meiosis I in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is dependent upon the motor protein Kar3. Absence of Kar3p in meiosis results in an arrest in prophase I. Cik1p and Vik1p are kinesin-associated proteins known to modulate the function of Kar3p in the microtubule-dependent processes of karyogamy and mitosis. Experiments were performed to determine whether Cik1p and Vik1p are also important for the function of Kar3p during meiosis. The meiotic phenotypes of a cik1 mutant were found to be similar to those of kar3 mutants. Cells without Cik1p exhibit a meiotic defect in homologous recombination and s

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45

Mitchell, A. P., and K. S. Bowdish. "Selection for early meiotic mutants in yeast." Genetics 131, no. 1 (1992): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/131.1.65.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, only a/alpha cells can enter meiosis; a and alpha cells cannot. Because a/alpha cells are typically diploid and a and alpha cells are typically haploid, this cell type restriction ensures that only diploid cells enter meiosis. Entry into meiosis is accompanied by an increase in expression of the IME1 gene; the IME1 product (IME1) then activates IME2 and other meiotic genes. We have found that IME1 expression is toxic to starved haploid cells, presumably because IME1 directs them into meiosis. IME1 toxicity is greater in rad52 mutants, in which me

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46

Tyc, Katarzyna M., Rajiv C. McCoy, Karen Schindler, and Jinchuan Xing. "Mathematical modeling of human oocyte aneuploidy." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 19 (2020): 10455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912853117.

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Abstract (sommario):

Aneuploidy is the leading contributor to pregnancy loss, congenital anomalies, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) failure in humans. Although most aneuploid conceptions are thought to originate from meiotic division errors in the female germline, quantitative studies that link the observed phenotypes to underlying error mechanisms are lacking. In this study, we developed a mathematical modeling framework to quantify the contribution of different mechanisms of erroneous chromosome segregation to the production of aneuploid eggs. Our model considers the probabilities of all possible chromosome gai

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47

Giroux, Craig N., Michael E. Dresser, and Howard F. Tiano. "Genetic control of chromosome synapsis in yeast meiosis." Genome 31, no. 1 (1989): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-017.

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Abstract (sommario):

Both meiosis-specific and general recombination functions, recruited from the mitotic cell cycle, are required for elevated levels of recombination and for chromosome synapsis (assembly of the synaptonemal complex) during yeast meiosis. The meiosis-specific SPO11 gene (previously shown to be required for meiotic recombination) has been isolated and shown to be essential for synaptonemal complex formation but not for DNA metabolism during the vegetative cell cycle. In contrast, the RAD52 gene is required for mitotic and meiotic recombination but not for synaptonemal complex assembly. These data

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48

Sharon, G., and G. Simchen. "Mixed segregation of chromosomes during single-division meiosis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 125, no. 3 (1990): 475–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/125.3.475.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Normal meiosis consists of two consecutive cell divisions in which all the chromosomes behave in a concerted manner. Yeast cells homozygous for the mutation cdc5, however, may be directed through a single meiotic division of a novel type. Dyad analysis of a cdc5/cdc5 strain with centromere-linked markers on four different chromosomes has shown that, in these meioses, some chromosomes within a given cell segregate reductionally whereas others segregate equationally. The choice between the two types of segregation in these meioses is made individually by each chromosome pair. Different

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49

Tian, Hui, Timothy Billings, and Petko M. Petkov. "EWSR1 affects PRDM9-dependent histone 3 methylation and provides a link between recombination hotspots and the chromosome axis protein REC8." Molecular Biology of the Cell 32, no. 1 (2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e20-09-0604.

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Abstract (sommario):

EWSR1, a protein whose role in meiosis was not previously clarified in detail, binds to both the recombination regulator PRDM9 and the phosphorylated meiosis-specific cohesin pREC8 in male meiotic cells and is essential for promoting PRDM9-dependent histone methylation and normal meiotic progress.

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50

Esteban, M. R., M. C. Campos, A. L. Perondini, and C. Goday. "Role of microtubules and microtubule organizing centers on meiotic chromosome elimination in Sciara ocellaris." Journal of Cell Science 110, no. 6 (1997): 721–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.110.6.721.

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Abstract (sommario):

Spindle formation and chromosome elimination during male meiosis in Sciara ocellaris (Diptera, Sciaridae) has been studied by immunofluorescence techniques. During meiosis I a monopolar spindle is formed from a single polar complex (centrosome-like structure). This single centrosomal structure persists during meiosis II and is responsible for the non-disjunction of the maternal X chromatids. During meiosis I and II non-spindle microtubules are assembled in the cytoplasmic bud regions of the spermatocytes. The chromosomes undergoing elimination during both meiotic divisions are segregated to th

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