Bibliografie tematiche / Mesoscopic phenomena (Physics)

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Mesoscopic phenomena (Physics)"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 31 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Mesoscopic phenomena (Physics)"

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Büttiker, Markus, and Michael Moskalets. "FROM ANDERSON LOCALIZATION TO MESOSCOPIC PHYSICS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 12n13 (May 20, 2010): 1555–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210064514.

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In the late seventies an increasing interest in the scaling theory of Anderson localization led to new efforts to understand the conductance of systems which scatter electrons elastically. The conductance and its relation to the scattering matrix emerged as an important subject. This, coupled with the desire to find explicit manifestations of single electron interference, led to the emergence of mesoscopic physics. We review electron transport phenomena which can be expressed elegantly in terms of the scattering matrix. Of particular interest are phenomena which depend not only on transmission probabilities but on both amplitude and phase of scattering matrix elements.
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Altshuler, B. L. "Transport Phenomena in Mesoscopic Systems." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 26, S3-3 (January 1, 1987): 1938. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjaps.26s3.1938.

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Guinea, F., and J. L. Vicent. "Collective phenomena in mesoscopic systems." European Physical Journal B 40, no. 4 (August 2004): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2004-00282-x.

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Zipper, E., and M. Lisowski. "Coherent phenomena in mesoscopic systems." Superconductor Science and Technology 13, no. 8 (July 27, 2000): 1191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/13/8/315.

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Pagonabarraga, Ignacio, Fabrizio Capuani, and Daan Frenkel. "Mesoscopic lattice modeling of electrokinetic phenomena." Computer Physics Communications 169, no. 1-3 (July 2005): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2005.03.043.

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Bismayer, Ulrich, and Klaus Bandel. "Interface Phenomena." Solid State Phenomena 200 (April 2013): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.200.69.

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Interfaces are common microstructures and occur in natural and synthetic materials on the local to mesoscopic lenght scale, like ferroic twin walls or interfaces between amorphous and crystalline material. Individual interfaces can be thin walls extended over a few unit cells or even thicker walls up to several 10000 Å. Walls show distinct physical properties and can therefore influence the macroscopic materials properties considerably. Examples of wall structures and their local features related with ferroic, non-ferroic and biomaterials are presented in this work.
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Chetverikov, Aleksandr, and Werner Ebeling. "Nonlinear problems of molecular physics." Izvestiya VUZ. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2002): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/0869-6632-2002-10-3-3-21.

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A survey оn investigations of some nonlinear problems оf molecular physics carried out by molecular dynamics simulations is given. Among them there are problems of elementary excitations in fluids, the dynamics оf chemical reactions in solutions, dynamical properties of dilute plasma, dynamic phenomena in phase transitions in mesoscopic systems, structural properties of chains оf nonlinear oscillators. Several new results about the distribution оf clusters and of а method of identification of clusters are presented.
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Jaroszyński, J., and T. Dietl. "Mesoscopic phenomena in diluted magnetic semiconductors." Materials Science and Engineering: B 84, no. 1-2 (July 2001): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5107(01)00574-8.

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Salje, E. K. H., and S. Ríos. "Mineral physics: the atomic, mesoscopic and macroscopic perspective." Mineralogical Magazine 66, no. 5 (October 2002): 733–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461026650058.

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AbstractThe macroscopic behaviour of minerals is not always directly related to their crystalline structure at the atomic scale but often depends explicitly on mesoscopic (nanometer–micrometer) features. This paper reviews various cases where the macroscopic phenomena differ from those of the bulk, with structural and chemical variations related to: domain walls, leading to enhanced or reduced transport properties; surfaces controlling growth morphologies; and radiation-damaged minerals where the interface between the amorphous and crystalline phase is believed to play a key role in hydrothermal leaching behaviour. Minerals explicitly discussed are: quartz, agate, hydroxylapatite, cordierite and metamict zircon.
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Frassanito, R., P. Visani, M. Nideröst, A. C. Mota, P. Smeibidl, K. Swieca, W. Wendler, and F. Pobell. "Quantum-coherent phenomena in mesoscopic proximity structures." Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 46, S4 (April 1996): 2317–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02571150.

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Tesi sul tema "Mesoscopic phenomena (Physics)"

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蔡福陽 and Fuk-yeung Tsoi. "Persistent currents in Anderson-Hubbard mesoscopic rings." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31223539.

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Tsoi, Fuk-yeung. "Persistent currents in Anderson-Hubbard mesoscopic rings /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21490120.

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Golod, Taras. "Mesoscopic phenomena in hybrid superconductor/ferromagnet structures." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-56629.

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This thesis explores peculiar effects of mesoscopic structures revealed at low temperatures. Three particular systems are studied experimentally: Ferromagnetic thin films made of diluted Pt1-xNix alloy, hybrid nanoscale Nb-Pt1-xNix-Nb Josephson junctions, and planar niobium Josephson junction with barrier layer made of Cu or Cu0.47Ni0.53 alloy. A cost-effective way is applied to fabricate the sputtered NixPt1-x thin films with controllable Ni concentration. 3D Focused Ion Beam (FIB) sculpturing is used to fabricate Nb-Pt1-xNix-Nb Josephson junctions. The planar junctions are made by cutting Cu-Nb or CuNi-Nb double layer by FIB. Magnetic properties of PtNi thin films are studied via the Hall effect. It is found that films with sub-critical Ni concentration are superparamagnetic at low temperatures and exhibit perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Films with over-critical Ni concentration are ferromagnetic with parallel anisotropy. At the critical concentration the films demonstrate canted magnetization with the easy axis rotating as a function of temperature. The magnetism appears via two consecutive crossovers, going from paramagnetic to superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic, and the extraordinary Hall effect changes sign at low temperatures. Detailed studies of superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor Josephson junctions are carried out depending on the size of junction, thickness and composition of the ferromagnetic layer. The junction critical current density decreases non-monotonically with increasing Ni concentration. It has a minimum at ~ 40 at.% of Ni which indicates a switching into the π state. The fabricated junctions are used as phase sensitive detectors for analysis of vortex states in mesoscopic superconductors. It is found that the vortex induces different flux shifts, in the measured Fraunhofer modulation of the Josephson critical current, depending on the position of the vortex. When the vortex is close to the junction it induces a flux shift equal to Φ0/2 leading to switching of the junction into the 0-π state. By changing the bias current at constant magnetic field the vortices can be manipulated and the system can be switched between two consecutive vortex states. A mesoscopic superconductor can thus act as a memory cell in which the junction is used both for reading and writing information (vortex).
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Zelyak, Oleksandr. "Persistent Currents and Quantum Critical Phenomena in Mesoscopic Physics." UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/723.

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In this thesis, we study persistent currents and quantum critical phenomena in the systems of mesoscopic physics. As an introduction in Chapter 1 we familiarize the reader with the area of mesoscopic physics. We explain how mesoscopic systems are different from quantum systems of single atoms and molecules and bulk systems with an Avogadro number of elements. We also describe some important mesoscopic phenomena. One of the mathematical tools that we extensively use in our studies is Random Matrix Theorty. This theory is not a part of standard physics courses and for educational purposes we provide the basics of Random Matrix Theory in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3 we study the persistent current of noninteracting electrons in quantum billiards. We consider simply connected chaotic Robnik-Berry quantum billiard and its annular analog. The electrons move in the presence of a point-like magnetic flux at the center of the billiard. For the simply connected billiard, we find a large diamagnetic contribution to the persistent current at small flux, which is independent of the flux and is proportional to the number of electrons (or equivalently the density since we keep the area fixed). The size of this diamagnetic contribution is much larger than the previously studied mesoscopic fluctuations in the persistent current in the simply connected billiard. This behavior of persistent current can ultimately be traced to the response of the angular-momentum l = 0 levels (neglected in semiclassical expansions) on the unit disk to a point-like flux at its center. We observe the same behavior for the annular billiard when the inner radius is much smaller than the outer one. We also find that the usual fluctuating persistent current and Anderson-like localization due to boundary scattering are seen when the annulus tends to a one-dimensional ring. We explore the conditions for the observability of this phenomenon. In Chapter 4 we study quantum critical phenomena in a system of two coupled quantum dots connected by a hopping bridge. Both the dots and connecting region are assumed to be in universal Random Matrix crossover regimes between Gaussian orthogonal and unitary ensembles (defined in Chapter 2). We exploit a diagrammatic approach appropriate for energy separations much larger than the level spacing, to obtain the ensemble-averaged one- and two-particle Greens functions. We find that two main components of the twoparticle Green’s function (diffuson and Cooperon) can be described by separate scaling functions. We then use this information to investigate a model interacting system in which one dot has an attractive s-wave reduced Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer interaction, while the other is noninteracting but subject to an orbital magnetic field. We find that the critical temperature TC of the mean-field transition into the superconducting state in the first dot is non-monotonic in the flux through the second dot in a certain regime of interdot coupling. Likewise, the fluctuation magnetization above the critical temperature is also non-monotonic in this regime, can be either diamagnetic or paramagnetic, and can be deduced from the Cooperon scaling function. We end this thesis with conclusion in Chapter 5.
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Matthews, Jason E. "Thermoelectric and Heat Flow Phenomena in Mesoscopic Systems." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12108.

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xvii, 189 p. ： ill. (some col.)<br>Low-dimensional electronic systems, systems that are restricted to single energy levels in at least one of the three spatial dimensions, have attracted considerable interest in the field of thermoelectric materials. At these scales, the ability to manipulate electronic energy levels offers a great deal of control over a device's thermopower, that is, its ability to generate a voltage due to a thermal gradient. In addition, low-dimensional devices offer increased control over phononic heat flow. Mesoscale geometry can also have a large impact on both electron and phonon dynamics. Effects such as ballistic transport in a two-dimensional electron gas structure can lead to the enhancement or attenuation of electron transmission probabilities in multi-terminal junctions. The first half of this dissertation investigates the transverse thermoelectric properties of a four-terminal ballistic junction containing a central symmetry-breaking scatterer. It is believed that the combined symmetry of the scatterer and junction is the key component to understanding non-linear and thermoelectric transport in these junctions. To this end, experimental investigations on this type of junction were carried out to demonstrate its ability to generate a transverse thermovoltage. To aid in interpreting the results, a multi-terminal scattering-matrix theory was developed that relates the junction's non-linear electronic properties to its thermoelectric properties. The possibility of a transverse thermoelectric device also motivated the first derivation of the transverse thermoelectric efficiency. This second half of this dissertation focuses on heat flow phenomena in InAs/InP heterostructure nanowires. In thermoelectric research, a phononic heat flow between thermal reservoirs is considered parasitic due to its minimal contribution to the electrical output. Recent experiments involving heterostructure nanowires have shown an unexpectedly large heat flow, which is attributed in this dissertation to an interplay between electron-phonon interaction and phononic heat flow. Using finite element modeling, the recent experimental findings have provided a means to probe the electron-phonon interaction in InAs nanowires. In the end, it is found that electron-phonon interaction is an important component in understanding heat flow at the nanoscale. This dissertation includes previously unpublished co-authored material.<br>Committee in charge: Dr. Richard Taylor， Chair； Dr. Heiner Linke， Advisor； Dr. David Cohen， Member； Dr. John Toner， Member； Dr. David Johnson， Outside Member
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Lui, Chi-keung Arthur. "Transport properties of hybrid mesoscopic systems." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30727339.

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Lui, Chi-keung Arthur, and 呂智強. "Transport properties of hybrid mesoscopic systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30727339.

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Zhabinskaya, Dina. "Non-equilibrium phenomena implemented at a mesoscopic time scale." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80902.

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The purpose of this project is to develop an algorithm that speeds up large scale simulations of many-body systems. A numerical method is implemented that simulates non-equilibrium phenomena on a mesoscopic time scale. A system is perturbed by an external force, and time averages of variables renormalized in space are calculated numerically, using results of linear response theory, as the system relaxes to equilibrium. The coarse-grained variables evolve slowly in time, allowing one to advance them on a mesoscopic time scale.<br>The algorithm was tested on two physical systems: a lattice confined ferromagnetic Ising model and an off-lattice Argon-like molecular system. The method simulated accurately the non-equilibrium phenomena studied. It was found that the algorithm is most efficient when it is applied to a process occurring on at least two time scales. This allows one to integrate out the fast, microscopic time scale in order to study long-time, macroscopic behaviour. Through the study of diffusion in a molecular system, it was concluded that the proposed method is computationally faster than solving the microscopic equations of motion and more accurate than solving the macroscopic equations.
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Zarbo, Liviu. "Mesoscopic spin Hall effect in semiconductor nanostructures." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 199 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1397915111&sid=21&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Shangguan, Minhui. "Charge and spin transport in mesoscopic systems." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39557583.

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Libri sul tema "Mesoscopic phenomena (Physics)"

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L, Alʹtshuler B., Lee P. A. 1946-, and Webb R. A, eds. Mesoscopic phenomena in solids. Amsterdam: North Holland, 1991.

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L, Sohn Lydia, Kouwenhoven Leo P, Schön Gerd, North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., and NATO Advanced Study Institute on Mesoscopic Electron Transport (1996 : Curaçao), eds. Mesoscopic electron transport. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997.

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Chow, T. S. Mesoscopic Physics of Complex Materials. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000.

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1945-, Andō Tsuneya, ed. Mesoscopic physics and electronics. Berlin: Springer, 1998.

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Sohn, Lydia L. Mesoscopic Electron Transport. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997.

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Hofmann, Helmut. The physics of warm nuclei: With analogies to mesoscopic systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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Hofmann, Helmut. The physics of warm nuclei: With analogies to mesoscopic systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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Heinzel, Thomas. Mesoscopic electronics in solid state nanostructures. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2003.

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NATO Advanced Study Institute on New Directions in Mesoscopic Physics (Towards Nanoscience) (2002 Erice, Italy). New directions in mesoscopic physics (towards nanoscience). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

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NATO Advanced Study Institute on New Directions in Mesoscopic Physics (Towards Nanoscience) (2002 Erice, Italy). New directions in mesoscopic physics (towards nanoscience). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Mesoscopic phenomena (Physics)"

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Arndt, Markus. "Mesoscopic Quantum Phenomena." In Compendium of Quantum Physics, 379–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70626-7_118.

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Bandyopadhyay, Supriyo. "Quantum Devices and Mesoscopic Phenomena." In Physics of Nanostructured Solid State Devices, 491–546. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1141-3_9.

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Temelkuran, B., M. Bayindir, and E. Ozbay. "Physics and Applications of Photonic Crystals." In Quantum Mesoscopic Phenomena and Mesoscopic Devices in Microelectronics, 467–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4327-1_32.

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Catalan, Gustau. "Physics of Ferroic and Multiferroic Domain Walls." In Mesoscopic Phenomena in Multifunctional Materials, 225–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55375-2_9.

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Wimmer, Michael, Matthias Scheid, and Klaus Richter. "Spin-Polarized Quantum Transport in Mesoscopic Conductors: Computational Concepts and Physical Phenomena." In Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 1–30. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27737-5_514-3.

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Wimmer, Michael, Matthias Scheid, and Klaus Richter. "Spin-Polarized Quantum Transport in Mesoscopic Conductors: Computational Concepts and Physical Phenomena." In Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 8597–616. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3_514.

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Imry, Yoseph. "Noise in Mesoscopic Systems." In Introduction to mesoscopic physics, 164–83. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198507383.003.0008.

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Abstract We shall be concerned here with three main types of noise phenomena: Equilibrium or Nyquist—Johnson noise across a resistor (see eqs. A.9 andA.13–17). Various nonequilibrium or shot-noise phenomena around a steady state with a current flow. Low-frequency, typically “1/f,” noise due to slow changes of the resistance with time.
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Imry, Yoseph. "Noise in Mesoscopic Systems." In Introduction to Mesoscopic Physics, 176–90. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195101676.003.0008.

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Abstract 1. INTRODUCTION We shall be concerned here with three main types of noise phenomena: Equilibrium or Nyquist-Johnson noise across a resistor (see eqs. A.9 and A.13-17). Various nonequilibrium or shot noise phenomena around a steady state with a current flow. Low-frequency, typically “1/f,” noise due to slow changes of the resistance with time. In the first two cases, the noise power is typically “white” (frequency-independent) over a sizable frequency range from zero to 1/r*, the cutoff frequency, which is the smaller of ksT /n = 1/ f]n (in this chapter we shall mostly reserve the notation T for the transmission coefficient) and 1/r. r is a characteristic time for the transport, for example, the transport mean free time for a classical resistor in equilibrium. In this case, and for f]n » r, the noise power is linear in w for a constant conductance for O &amp;lt; (f]n)-1 « w « 1/r. Concentrating on the current noise (which is measured in equilibrium by connecting a zero impedance “a.c.” amperometer across the resistor), one considers (see Wax 1954 and Reif 1965 for general references) the Fourier transform of the current current correlation function (which depends only on t, not on t’), the nature of the averaging denoted by the angular brackets will de discussed later
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Trabelsi, Soraya, and Ezeddine Sediki. "A Mesoscopic Analysis for Diffusion Transport Phenomena." In Emerging Applications of Plasma Science in Allied Technologies, 152–74. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0904-9.ch007.

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A mesoscopic study of linear irreversible transport phenomena is proposed. This chapter takes a phenomenological and statistical approach to non-equilibrium phenomena. At thermodynamic equilibrium, the intensive physical quantities of a system are uniform in space and time. These quantities can be defined at any point and at any time, and are referred to as local thermodynamic equilibrium. Otherwise, the system is out of thermodynamic equilibrium. This is the case for all irreversible phenomena, which are generally induced by an external input of energy and/or matter to the system. In this chapter, we will be focusing on the phenomenon of transport, which is a key process in non-equilibrium physics. There are various transport phenomena. Each is characterized by macroscopic properties. A microscopic approach is taken to study the transport phenomena. However, we are particularly interested in the phenomenon of particle diffusion and of the thermal diffusion.
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Kelly, M. J. "Mesoscopic phenomena and Coulomb blockade." In Low-Dimensional Semiconductors, 292–310. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198517818.003.0012.

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Abstract In Chapters 6 and 11 we encountered structures in which there were very few free and mobile carriers. Certainly, the usual condition for statistical averaging, namely that the number N of particles satisfies 1 &amp;lt; &amp;lt; N &amp;lt; &amp;lt; N, is violated. In this chapter, we concentrate on the physics of few-carrier systems, assuming that the fabrication and measurement techniques are those already described. The physics contains a number of new aspects, and their investigation is far from complete. Many new effects appear undesirable in terms of eventual device applications, while others are being proposed as the basis for radically new device technologies. The term mesoscopic (meso=middle) has been introduced to describe those systems that are neither microscopic (one or a few atoms) nor macroscopic. In practice, we shall always be dealing with structures whose volume might be several tens of nanometres on each side, but which contain only a few carriers taking part in the relevant transport or optical processes. Until now, our discussion has concentrated on the wave . nature of electron transport behaviour and not on its charge nature. The capacitances encountered in these small structures are so small that the energy to charge a structure with even a single electron is such that e2!2C &amp;gt; k T, and charge transfer into and out of the structure can be inhibited by this inequality, which is known as the Coulomb blockade.
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Atti di convegni sul tema "Mesoscopic phenomena (Physics)"

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Dietl, Tomasz. "Mesoscopic phenomena in semimagnetic semiconductors." In Metal/Nonmetal Microsystems: Physics, Technology, and Applications, edited by Benedykt W. Licznerski and Andrzej Dziedzic. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.238150.

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Mukherjee, Partha P. "Capillarity, Wettability and Interfacial Dynamics in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2009-82144.

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In the present scenario of a global initiative toward a sustainable energy future, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) has emerged as one of the most promising alternative energy conversion devices for different applications. Despite tremendous progress in recent years, a pivotal performance/durability limitation in the PEFC arises from liquid water transport, perceived as the Holy Grail in PEFC operation. The porous catalyst layer (CL), fibrous gas diffusion layer (GDL) and flow channels play a crucial role in the overall PEFC performance due to the transport limitation in the presence of liquid water and flooding phenomena. Although significant research, both theoretical and experimental, has been performed, there is serious paucity of fundamental understanding regarding the underlying structure-transport-performance interplay in the PEFC. The inherent complex morphologies, micro-scale transport physics involving coupled multiphase, multicomponent, electrochemically reactive phenomena and interfacial interactions in the constituent components pose a formidable challenge. In this paper, the impact of capillary transport, wetting characteristics and interfacial dynamics on liquid water transport is presented based on a comprehensive mesoscopic modeling framework with the objective to gain insight into the underlying electrodics, two-phase dynamics and the intricate structure-transport-interface interactions in the PEFC.
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Asinari, Pietro, Marco Coppo, Michael R. von Spakovsky, and Bhavani V. Kasula. "Numerical Simulations of Gaseous Mixture Flow in Porous Electrodes for PEM Fuel Cells by the Lattice Boltzmann Method." In ASME 2005 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2005-74046.

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Throughout the last decade, a considerable amount of work has been carried out in order to obtain ever more refined models of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. While many of the phenomena occurring in a fuel cell have been described with ever more complex models, the flow of gaseous mixtures in the porous electrodes has continued to be modeled with Darcy’s law in order to take into account interactions with the solid structure and with Fick’s law in order to take into account interactions among species. Both of these laws derive from the macroscopic continuum approach, which essentially consists of applying some sort of homogenization technique which properly averages the underlying microscopic phenomena for producing measurable quantities. Unfortunately, these quantities in the porous electrodes of fuel cells are sometimes measurable only in principle. For this reason, this type of approach introduces uncertain macroscopic parameters which can significantly affect the numerical results. This paper is part of an ongoing effort to address the problem following an alternative approach. The key idea is to numerically simulate the underlying microscopic phenomena in an effort to bring the mathematical description nearer to actual reality. In order to reach this goal, some recently developed mesoscopic tools appear to be very promising since the microscopic approach is in this particularly case partially included in the numerical method itself. In particular, the lattice Boltzmann models treat the problem by reproducing the collisions among particles of the same type, among particles belonging to different species, and finally among the species and the solid obstructions. Recently, a procedure based on a lattice Boltzmann model for calculating the hydraulic constant as a function of material structure and applied pressure gradient was defined and applied. This model has since been extended in order to include gaseous mixtures with different methods being considered in order to simulate the coupling strength among the species. The present paper reports the results of this extended model for PEM fuel cell applications and in particular for the analysis of the fluid flow of gaseous mixtures through porous electrodes. Because of the increasing computational needs due to both three–dimensional descriptions and multi-physics models, the need for large parallel computing is indicated and some features of this improvement are reported.
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4

Dhote, Rakesh P., Roderick V. N. Melnik, Jean W. Zu, and Linxiang Wang. "Microstructures of Constrained Shape Memory Alloy Nanowires Under Thermal Effects." In ASME 2010 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2010-3814.

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In this paper, martensitic transformations in constrained Fe-Pd nanowires are studied using a mesoscopic model analyzed in detail numerically in our earlier papers. The dynamics of square-to-rectangular transformation is modeled by using the modified Ginzburg-Landau theory. The simulations are performed accounting for the thermal effects using the coupled equations of non-linear thermoelasticity. Up to date, these effects have typically been neglected in modeling microstructures at the scales of interest considered here. Nanowires of length 2000 nm and widths ranging from 200 nm to 50 nm are simulated to study the effect of size on the microstructure evolution. There exists a critical width below which the size effect is prominent. We present a series of numerical results demonstrating this phenomenon. We also have carried out the study of variations in values of bulk, shear, and Landau constants to understand the difference in evolved microstructure in the coupled and uncoupled physics.
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5

Tursynkhan, Margulan, Bagdagul Dauyeshova, Desmond Adair, Ernesto Monaco, and Luis Rojas-Solórzano. "Simulation of Viscous Fingering in Microchannels With Hybrid-Patterned Surface Using Lattice Boltzmann Method." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10876.

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Abstract In recent years, a large effort has been devoted to the study of the viscous fingering phenomenon in microchannel flows. This phenomenon plays a crucial role in many fields of industry and occurs in geological sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2), in the secondary and tertiary oil recovery stages. Viscous fingering, also known as the Saffman-Taylor instability, occurs at the unstable interface between two fluids when the less viscous fluid displaces the more viscous fluid which is originally residing in a porous medium. This paper studies viscous fingering occurring between two segregated immiscible fluids, such that the less viscous one is forced into a microchannel where the more viscous fluid initially resides. The 2D microchannel walls are present with a hybrid-patterned configuration such that the top wall is smooth, and the bottom wall is ribbed. The multiphase Shan-Chen Lattice Boltzmann Method (SC LBM) is implemented to capture the complex interfacial phenomenon since this method has proven to accurately describe multiphase interfacial entangling. The LBM is based on the discretization of micro- and mesoscopic kinetic equations and the SC LBM simulation allows us to study the viscous fingering phenomenon in terms of non-dimensional quantities, including capillary number and viscosity ratio. The effect of hybrid-patterned rough walls on fingering formation in a 2D microchannel is investigated and compared to the phenomenon when plain smooth walls are in place. The numerical results show that the SC Lattice Boltzmann multicomponent model provides insightful characteristics associated to the physical nature of the fingering phenomenon in microchannels and the role of adjacent walls.
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Shirakawa, Noriyuki, Yasushi Uehara, Masanori Naitoh, Hidetoshi Okada, Yuichi Yamamoto, and Seiichi Koshizuka. "Next Generation Safety Analysis Methods for SFRs—(5) Structural Mechanics Models of COMPASS Code and Verification Analyses." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75532.

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A five-year research project started in FY2005 (Japanese Fiscal Year, hereafter) to develop a code based on the Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method for detailed analysis of core disruptive accidents (CDAs) in sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs). The code is named COMPASS (Computer Code with Moving Particle Semi-implicit for Reactor Safety Analysis). CDAs have been almost exclusively analyzed with SIMMER-III [2], which is a two-dimensional multi-component multi-phase Eulerian fluid-dynamics code, coupled with fuel pin model and neutronics model. The COMPASS has been developed to play a role complementary to SIMMER-III in temporal and spatial scale viewpoint; COMPASS for mesoscopic using a small window cut off from SIMMER-III for macroscopic. We presented the project’s outline and the verification analyses of elastic structural mechanics module of the COMPASS in ICONE16 [1]. The COMPASS solves physical phenomena in CDAs coupling fluid dynamics and structural dynamics with phase changes, that is vaporization/condensation and melting/ freezing. The phase changes are based on nonequilibrium heat transfer-limited model and all “phase change paths” considered in SIMMER-III are implemented [20]. In FY2007, the elastoplastic model including thermal expansion and fracture are formulated in terms of MPS method and implemented in the COMPASS, where the model adopts the von Mises type yield condition and the maximum principal stress as fracture condition. To cope with large computing time, “stiffness reduction approximation” was developed and successfully implemented in the COMPASS besides parallelization effort. Verification problems are set to be suitable for analyses of SCARABEE tests, EAGLE tests and hypothetical CDAs in real plants so that they are suggesting issues to be solved by improving the models and calculation algorithms. The main objective of SCARABEE-N in-pile tests was to study the consequences of a hypothetical total instantaneous blockage (TIB) at the entrance of a liquid-metal reactor subassembly at full power [21]. The main objectives of the EAGLE program consisting of in-pile tests using IGR (Impulse Graphite Reactor) and out-of-pile tests at NNC/RK are; 1) to demonstrate effectiveness of special design concepts to eliminate the re-criticality issue, and 2) to acquire basic information on early-phase relocation of molten-core materials toward cold regions surrounding the core, which would be applicable to various core design concepts [22, 23]. In this paper, the formulations and the results of functional verification of elastoplastic models in CDA conditions will be presented.
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