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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Mesosphere"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 30 novembre 2024

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1

Matthias, Vivien, and Manfred Ern. "On the origin of the mesospheric quasi-stationary planetary waves in the unusual Arctic winter 2015/2016." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 7 (April 9, 2018): 4803–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4803-2018.

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Abstract. The midwinter 2015/2016 was characterized by an unusually strong polar night jet (PNJ) and extraordinarily large stationary planetary wave (SPW) amplitudes in the subtropical mesosphere. The aim of this study is, therefore, to find the origin of these mesospheric SPWs in the midwinter 2015/2016 study period. The study duration is split into two periods: the first period runs from late December 2015 until early January 2016 (Period I), and the second period from early January until mid-January 2016 (Period II). While the SPW 1 dominates in the subtropical mesosphere in Period I, it is

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2

Flury, T., S. C. Müller, K. Hocke, and N. Kämpfer. "Water vapor transport in the lower mesosphere of the subtropics: a trajectory analysis." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 23 (December 10, 2008): 7273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-7273-2008.

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Abstract. The Institute of Applied Physics operates an airborne microwave radiometer AMSOS that measures the rotational transition line of water vapor at 183.3 GHz. Water vapor profiles are retrieved for the altitude range from 15 to 75 km along the flight track. We report on a water vapor enhancement in the lower mesosphere above India and the Arabian Sea. The measurements took place on our flight from Switzerland to Australia and back in November 2005 conducted during EC- project SCOUT-O3. We find an enhancement of up to 25% in the lower mesospheric H2O volume mixing ratio measured on the re

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3

Wallis, Sandra, Christoph Gregor Hoffmann, and Christian von Savigny. "Estimating the impact of the 1991 Pinatubo eruption on mesospheric temperature by analyzing HALOE (UARS) temperature data." Annales Geophysicae 40, no. 3 (June 23, 2022): 421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-421-2022.

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Abstract. The Mt. Pinatubo eruption in 1991 had a severe impact on the Earth system, with a well-documented warming of the tropical lower stratosphere and a general cooling of the surface. This study focuses on the impact of this event on the mesosphere by analyzing solar occultation temperature data from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) instrument on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). Previous analyses of lidar temperature data found positive temperature anomalies of up to 12.9 K in the upper mesosphere that peaked in 1993 and were attributed to the Pinatubo eruption. F

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4

Shi, Yu, Oleksandr Evtushevsky, Valerii Shulga, Gennadi Milinevsky, Andrew Klekociuk, Yulia Andrienko, and Wei Han. "Mid-Latitude Mesospheric Zonal Wave 1 and Wave 2 in Recent Boreal Winters." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 3749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183749.

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Planetary waves in the mesosphere are studied using observational data and models to establish their origin, as there are indications of their generation independently of waves in the stratosphere. The quantitative relationships between zonal wave 1 and wave 2 were studied with a focus on the mid-latitude mesosphere at 50°N latitude. Aura Microwave Limb Sounder measurements were used to estimate wave amplitudes in geopotential height during sudden stratospheric warmings in recent boreal winters. The moving correlation between the wave amplitudes shows that, in comparison with the anticorrelati

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5

Zülicke, Christoph, Erich Becker, Vivien Matthias, Dieter H. W. Peters, Hauke Schmidt, Han-Li Liu, Laura de la Torre Ramos, and Daniel M. Mitchell. "Coupling of Stratospheric Warmings with Mesospheric Coolings in Observations and Simulations." Journal of Climate 31, no. 3 (January 19, 2018): 1107–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0047.1.

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Abstract The vertical coupling between the stratosphere and the mesosphere is diagnosed from polar cap temperatures averaged over 60°–90°N with a new method: the joint occurrence of a warm stratosphere at 10 hPa and a cold mesosphere at 0.01 hPa. The investigation of an 11-yr-long dataset (2004–15) from Aura-MLS observations shows that such mesospheric coupling days appear in 7% of the winter. During major sudden stratospheric warming events mesospheric couplings are present with an enhanced average daily frequency of 22%. This daily frequency changes from event to event but broadly results in

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6

Hoppel, Karl W., Stephen D. Eckermann, Lawrence Coy, Gerald E. Nedoluha, Douglas R. Allen, Steven D. Swadley, and Nancy L. Baker. "Evaluation of SSMIS Upper Atmosphere Sounding Channels for High-Altitude Data Assimilation." Monthly Weather Review 141, no. 10 (September 25, 2013): 3314–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00003.1.

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Abstract Upper atmosphere sounding (UAS) channels of the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) were assimilated using a high-altitude version of the Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM) in order to investigate their potential for operational forecasting from the surface to the mesospause. UAS radiances were assimilated into NAVGEM using the new Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) that accounts for Zeeman line splitting by geomagnetic fields. UAS radiance data from April 2010 to March 2011 are shown to be in good agreement with coincident temperature measurements from the So

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7

Sasi, M. N., and L. Vijayan. "Turbulence characteristics in the tropical mesosphere as obtained by MST radar at Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E)." Annales Geophysicae 19, no. 8 (August 31, 2001): 1019–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-1019-2001.

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Abstract. Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates (ε) and eddy diffusion coefficients (Kz) in the tropical mesosphere over Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E), estimated from Doppler widths of MST radar echoes (vertical beam), observed over a 3-year period, show a seasonal variation with a dominant summer maximum. The observed seasonal variation of ε and Kz in the mesosphere is only partially consistent with that of gravity wave activity inferred from mesospheric winds and temperatures measured by rockets for a period of 9 years at Trivandrum (8.5° N, 77° E) (which shows two equinox and one summer m

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8

Kuilman, Maartje Sanne, and Bodil Karlsson. "The role of the winter residual circulation in the summer mesopause regions in WACCM." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 6 (March 28, 2018): 4217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4217-2018.

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Abstract. High winter planetary wave activity warms the summer polar mesopause via a link between the two hemispheres. Complex wave–mean-flow interactions take place on a global scale, involving sharpening and weakening of the summer zonal flow. Changes in the wind shear occasionally generate flow instabilities. Additionally, an altering zonal wind modifies the breaking of vertically propagating gravity waves. A crucial component for changes in the summer zonal flow is the equatorial temperature, as it modifies latitudinal gradients. Since several mechanisms drive variability in the summer zon

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9

Sandford, D. J., M. J. Schwartz, and N. J. Mitchell. "The wintertime two-day wave in the Polar Stratosphere, Mesosphere and lower Thermosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 5 (October 16, 2007): 14747–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-14747-2007.

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Abstract. Recent observations of the polar mesosphere have revealed that waves with periods near two days reach significant amplitudes in both summer and winter. This is in striking contrast to mid-latitude observations where two-day waves maximise in summer only. Here, we use data from a meteor radar at Esrange (68° N, 21° E) in the Arctic and data from the MLS instrument aboard the EOS Aura satellite to investigate the wintertime polar two-day wave in the stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The radar data reveal that mesospheric two-day wave activity measured by horizontal-wind

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10

Sandford, D. J., M. J. Schwartz, and N. J. Mitchell. "The wintertime two-day wave in the polar stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 3 (February 13, 2008): 749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-749-2008.

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Abstract. Recent observations of the polar mesosphere have revealed that waves with periods near two days reach significant amplitudes in both summer and winter. This is in striking contrast to mid-latitude observations where two-day waves maximise in summer only. Here, we use data from a meteor radar at Esrange (68° N, 21° E) in the Arctic and data from the MLS instrument aboard the EOS Aura satellite to investigate the wintertime polar two-day wave in the stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The radar data reveal that mesospheric two-day wave activity measured by horizontal-wind

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11

Zadorozhny, A. M., and A. A. Tyutin. "Effects of geomagnetic activity on the mesospheric electric fields." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 12 (December 31, 1998): 1544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-1544-1.

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Abstract. The results of three series of rocket measurements of mesospheric electric fields carried out under different geomagnetic conditions at polar and high middle latitudes are analysed. The measurements show a clear dependence of the vertical electric fields on geomagnetic activity at polar and high middle latitudes. The vertical electric fields in the lower mesosphere increase with the increase of geomagnetic indexes Kp and ∑Kp. The simultaneous increase of the vertical electric field strength and ion conductivity was observed in the mesosphere during geomagnetic disturbances. This stri

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12

Lee, Ji-Hee, Geonhwa Jee, Young-Sil Kwak, Heejin Hwang, Annika Seppälä, In-Sun Song, Esa Turunen, and Dae-Young Lee. "Polar Middle Atmospheric Responses to Medium Energy Electron (MEE) Precipitation Using Numerical Model Simulations." Atmosphere 12, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020133.

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Energetic particle precipitation (EPP) is known to be an important source of chemical changes in the polar middle atmosphere in winter. Recent modeling studies further suggest that chemical changes induced by EPP can also cause dynamic changes in the middle atmosphere. In this study, we investigated the atmospheric responses to the precipitation of medium-to-high energy electrons (MEEs) over the period 2005–2013 using the Specific Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (SD-WACCM). Our results show that the MEE precipitation significantly increases the amounts of NOx and HOx, resulti

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13

Eswaraiah, Sunkara, Kyong-Hwan Seo, Kondapalli Niranjan Kumar, Andrey V. Koval, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, Chalachew Kindie Mengist, Gasti Venkata Chalapathi, et al. "Intriguing Aspects of Polar-to-Tropical Mesospheric Teleconnections during the 2018 SSW: A Meteor Radar Network Study." Atmosphere 14, no. 8 (August 17, 2023): 1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14081302.

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Using a network of meteor radar observations, observational evidence of polar-to-tropical mesospheric coupling during the 2018 major sudden stratosphere warming (SSW) event in the northern hemisphere is presented. In the tropical lower mesosphere, a maximum zonal wind reversal (−24 m/s) is noted and compared with that identified in the extra-tropical regions. Moreover, a time delay in the wind reversal between the tropical/polar stations and the mid-latitudes is detected. A wide spectrum of waves with periods of 2 to 16 days and 30–60 days were observed. The wind reversal in the mesosphere is

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14

Mixa, Tyler, Andreas Dörnbrack, and Markus Rapp. "Nonlinear Simulations of Gravity Wave Tunneling and Breaking over Auckland Island." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 78, no. 5 (May 2021): 1567–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-20-0230.1.

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AbstractHorizontally dispersing gravity waves with horizontal wavelengths of 30–40 km were observed at mesospheric altitudes over Auckland Island by the airborne advanced mesospheric temperature mapper during a Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE) research flight on 14 July 2014. A 3D nonlinear compressible model is used to determine which propagation conditions enabled gravity wave penetration into the mesosphere and how the resulting instability characteristics led to widespread momentum deposition. Results indicate that linear tunneling through the polar night jet enabled qui

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15

Hoppel, K. W., N. L. Baker, L. Coy, S. D. Eckermann, J. P. McCormack, G. E. Nedoluha, and D. E. Siskind. "Assimilation of stratospheric and mesospheric temperatures from MLS and SABER into a global NWP model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 3 (May 7, 2008): 8455–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-8455-2008.

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Abstract. The forecast model and three-dimensional variational data assimilation components of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) have each been extended into the upper stratosphere and mesosphere to form an Advanced Level Physics High Altitude (ALPHA) version of NOGAPS extending to ~100 km. This NOGAPS-ALPHA NWP prototype is used to assimilate stratospheric and mesospheric temperature data from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Radiometry (SABER) instruments. A 60-day analysis period in January and February, 200

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16

Hoppel, K. W., N. L. Baker, L. Coy, S. D. Eckermann, J. P. McCormack, G. E. Nedoluha, and D. E. Siskind. "Assimilation of stratospheric and mesospheric temperatures from MLS and SABER into a global NWP model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 20 (October 22, 2008): 6103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-6103-2008.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. The forecast model and three-dimensional variational data assimilation components of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) have each been extended into the upper stratosphere and mesosphere to form an Advanced Level Physics High Altitude (ALPHA) version of NOGAPS extending to ~100 km. This NOGAPS-ALPHA NWP prototype is used to assimilate stratospheric and mesospheric temperature data from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instruments. A 60-day analysis period in January and Febr

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17

Evans, W. F. J., I. C. McDade, J. Yuen, and E. J. Llewellyn. "A rocket measurement of the O2 Infrared Atmospheric (0–0) band emission in the dayglow and a determination of the mesospheric ozone and atomic oxygen densities." Canadian Journal of Physics 66, no. 11 (November 1, 1988): 941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p88-151.

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Rocket measurements of the [Formula: see text] IR Atmospheric (0–0) band emission in the sunlit mesosphere, which were coordinated with an overpass of the Solar Mesospheric Explorer (SME) satellite, are reported. The IR Atmospheric band volume emission rates, derived from the data obtained with a matching pair of 1.27 μm radiometers, are presented and compared with the emission rates inferred from limb-scan observations made with the near-infrared spectrometer on the SME satellite. The rocket measurements are used to derive the ozone and atomic oxygen number densities in the sunlit mesosphere.

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18

Wang, Yuke, Valerii Shulga, Gennadi Milinevsky, Aleksey Patoka, Oleksandr Evtushevsky, Andrew Klekociuk, Wei Han, et al. "Winter 2018 major sudden stratospheric warming impact on midlatitude mesosphere from microwave radiometer measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 15 (August 14, 2019): 10303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10303-2019.

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Abstract. The impact of a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in the Arctic in February 2018 on the midlatitude mesosphere is investigated by performing the microwave radiometer measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) and zonal wind above Kharkiv, Ukraine (50.0∘ N, 36.3∘ E). The mesospheric peculiarities of this SSW event were observed using a recently designed and installed microwave radiometer in eastern Europe for the first time. Data from the ERA-Interim and MERRA-2 reanalyses, as well as the Aura microwave limb sounder measurements, are also used. Microwave observations of the daily CO

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19

Hall, C. M., A. H. Manson, C. E. Meek, and S. Nozawa. "Isolated lower mesospheric echoes seen by medium frequency radar at 70° N, 19° E." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 4 (August 4, 2006): 7407–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-7407-2006.

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Abstract. We have noted sporadic instances of strong isolated reflections of medium frequency (MF) radar waves from the mesosphere from as low as 50 km altitude and have devised a set of criteria for isolating these apparently anomalous echoes from those normally occurring from progressive partial reflections in the D-region. The object of this study is therefore to map the occurrences of such echoes facilitating comparisons with other observations. For example, the similarity and simultaneity of the echo structure for the 20 January 2005 with VHF radar results presented by Lübken et al. (2006

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20

Hall, C. M., A. H. Manson, C. E. Meek, and S. Nozawa. "Isolated lower mesospheric echoes seen by medium frequency radar at 70° N, 19° E." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 12 (November 23, 2006): 5307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-5307-2006.

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Abstract. We have noted sporadic instances of strong isolated reflections of medium frequency (MF) radar waves from the mesosphere from as low as 50 km altitude and have devised a set of criteria for isolating these apparently anomalous echoes from those normally occurring from progressive partial reflections in the D-region. The object of this study is to map the occurrences of such echoes facilitating comparisons with other observations. For example, the similarity and simultaneity of the echo structure for the 20 January 2005 with VHF radar results presented by Lübken et al. (2006) are part

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21

Moreira, Lorena, Klemens Hocke, and Niklaus Kämpfer. "Comparison of ozone profiles and influences from the tertiary ozone maximum in the night-to-day ratio above Switzerland." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 17 (September 1, 2017): 10259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10259-2017.

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Abstract. Stratospheric and middle-mesospheric ozone profiles above Bern, Switzerland (46.95° N, 7.44° E; 577 m) have been continually measured by the GROMOS (GROund-based Millimeter-wave Ozone Spectrometer) microwave radiometer since 1994. GROMOS is part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). A new version of the ozone profile retrievals has been developed with the aim of improving the altitude range of retrieval profiles. GROMOS profiles from this new retrieval version have been compared to coincident ozone profiles obtained by the satellite limb sounder

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22

Stober, G., R. Latteck, M. Rapp, W. Singer, and M. Zecha. "MAARSY – the new MST radar on Andøya: first results of spaced antenna and Doppler measurements of atmospheric winds in the troposphere and mesosphere using a partial array." Advances in Radio Science 10 (September 19, 2012): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-10-291-2012.

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Abstract. MST radars have been used to study the troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere over decades. These radars have proven to be a valuable tool to investigate atmospheric dynamics. MAARSY, the new MST radar at the island of Andøya uses a phased array antenna and is able to perform spaced antenna and Doppler measurements at the same time with high temporal and spatial resolution. Here we present first wind observations using the initial expansion stage during summer 2010. The tropospheric spaced antenna and Doppler beam swinging experiments are compared to radiosonde measurements, which

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23

Karlsson, Bodil, and Erich Becker. "How Does Interhemispheric Coupling Contribute to Cool Down the Summer Polar Mesosphere?" Journal of Climate 29, no. 24 (November 23, 2016): 8807–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0231.1.

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Abstract Interhemispheric coupling is commonly associated with events of high planetary wave activity in the winter stratosphere triggering a heating of the polar mesopause region in the opposite hemisphere. Here, a more fundamental role that this mechanism plays in the absence of planetary wave variability is highlighted. This study focuses directly on the mesospheric part of the coupling chain, which is induced by the gravity wave drag in the winter mesosphere. To investigate the effect that the winter residual flow has on the summertime high-latitude upwelling, the Kühlungsborn Mechanistic

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Takahashi, Hisao, Cosme A. O. B. Figueiredo, Patrick Essien, Cristiano M. Wrasse, Diego Barros, Prosper K. Nyassor, Igo Paulino, Fabio Egito, Geangelo M. Rosa, and Antonio H. R. Sampaio. "Signature of gravity wave propagations from the troposphere to ionosphere." Annales Geophysicae 40, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-665-2022.

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Abstract. We observed a gravity wave (GW) signature in the OH emission layer in the upper mesosphere, and 4 h later, a medium-scale travelling ionospheric disturbance (MSTID) in the OI 630 nm emission layer. Spectral analysis of the two waves showed that both have almost the same wave characteristics: wavelength, period, phase speed and propagation direction, respectively, 200 km, 60 min, 50 m s−1, toward the southeast. From the gravity wave ray-tracing simulation for the mesospheric gravity wave, we found that the wave came from a tropospheric deep convection spot and propagated up to the 140

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Forkman, P., O. M. Christensen, P. Eriksson, B. Billade, V. Vassilev, and V. M. Shulga. "A compact receiver system for simultaneous measurements of mesospheric CO and O<sub>3</sub>." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 5, no. 1 (February 5, 2016): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-5-27-2016.

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Abstract. During the last decades, ground-based microwave radiometry has matured into an established remote sensing technique for measuring vertical profiles of a number of gases in the stratosphere and the mesosphere. Microwave radiometry is the only ground-based technique that can provide vertical profiles of gases in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere both day and night, and even during cloudy conditions. Except for microwave instruments placed at high-altitude sites, or at sites with dry atmospheric conditions, only molecules with significant emission lines below 150 GHz, such as CO, H2

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Forkman, P., O. M. Christensen, P. Eriksson, B. Billade, V. Vassilev, and V. M. Shulga. "A~compact receiver system for simultaneous measurements of mesospheric CO and O<sub>3</sub>." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems Discussions 5, no. 2 (September 9, 2015): 311–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gid-5-311-2015.

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Abstract. During the last decades, ground-based microwave radiometry has matured to an established remote sensing technique for measuring vertical profiles of a number of gases in the stratosphere and the mesosphere. Microwave radiometry is the only ground-based technique that can provide vertical profiles of gases in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere both day and night, and even during cloudy conditions. Except for microwave instruments placed at high altitude sites, or at sites with dry atmospheric conditions, only molecules with significant emission lines below 150 GHz, such as CO, H2O

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Wang, Yuke, Gennadi Milinevsky, Oleksandr Evtushevsky, Andrew Klekociuk, Wei Han, Asen Grytsai, Oleksandr Antyufeyev, Yu Shi, Oksana Ivaniha, and Valerii Shulga. "Planetary Wave Spectrum in the Stratosphere–Mesosphere during Sudden Stratospheric Warming 2018." Remote Sensing 13, no. 6 (March 20, 2021): 1190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061190.

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The planetary wave activity in the stratosphere–mesosphere during the Arctic major Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) in February 2018 is discussed on the basis of microwave radiometer (MWR) measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) above Kharkiv, Ukraine (50.0° N, 36.3° E) and the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measurements of CO, temperature and geopotential heights. From the MLS data, eastward and westward migrations of wave 1/wave 2 spectral components were differentiated, to which less attention was paid in previous studies. Abrupt changes in zonal wave spectra occurred with the zonal wind

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Flury, T., S. C. Müller, K. Hocke, and N. Kämpfer. "Water vapor transport in the lower mesosphere of the subtropics: a trajectory analysis." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 4 (July 18, 2008): 13775–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-13775-2008.

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Abstract. The Institute of Applied Physics operates an airborne microwave radiometer that measures the rotational transition line of water vapor at 183.3 GHz. Measurements were acquired on board a Learjet once a year in the period 1998 to 2006. Water vapor profiles are retrieved for the altitude range from 15 to 75 km along the flight track. We report on a water vapor enhancement in the lower mesosphere above India and the Arabic Sea measured on our flight mission in November 2005 conducted during EC-project SCOUT-O3. The flight led from Switzerland to Australia and back. We find an enhancemen

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POPEL, S. I., and A. Yu DUBINSKY. "Dusty plasma processes in Earth's polar summer mesosphere." Journal of Plasma Physics 79, no. 4 (February 22, 2013): 383–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377813000226.

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AbstractA self-consistent model for the description of dusty plasma structures, such as noctilucent clouds (NLC) and polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE), which are frequently grouped together under the common term polar mesospheric clouds, is presented. The model takes into account the processes of condensation of water vapor, ionization, recombination, action of solar radiation, sedimentation, dust particle growth, dust particle charging, electric fields, etc. Using the model, we explain the basic data of observations on the behavior of charged component in polar summer mesosphere. Furtherm

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McLandress, Charles, John F. Scinocca, Theodore G. Shepherd, M. Catherine Reader, and Gloria L. Manney. "Dynamical Control of the Mesosphere by Orographic and Nonorographic Gravity Wave Drag during the Extended Northern Winters of 2006 and 2009." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 70, no. 7 (July 1, 2013): 2152–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-12-0297.1.

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Abstract A version of the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM) that is nudged toward reanalysis data up to 1 hPa is used to examine the impacts of parameterized orographic and nonorographic gravity wave drag (OGWD and NGWD) on the zonal-mean circulation of the mesosphere during the extended northern winters of 2006 and 2009 when there were two large stratospheric sudden warmings. The simulations are compared to Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations of mesospheric temperature and carbon monoxide (CO) and derived zonal winds. The control simulation, which uses both OGWD and NGWD, is

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31

Gumbel, Jörg, Linda Megner, Ole Martin Christensen, Nickolay Ivchenko, Donal P. Murtagh, Seunghyuk Chang, Joachim Dillner, et al. "The MATS satellite mission – gravity wave studies by Mesospheric Airglow/Aerosol Tomography and Spectroscopy." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 431–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-431-2020.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. Global three-dimensional data are a key to understanding gravity waves in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. MATS (Mesospheric Airglow/Aerosol Tomography and Spectroscopy) is a new Swedish satellite mission that addresses this need. It applies space-borne limb imaging in combination with tomographic and spectroscopic analysis to obtain gravity wave data on relevant spatial scales. Primary measurement targets are O2 atmospheric band dayglow and nightglow in the near infrared, and sunlight scattered from noctilucent clouds in the ultraviolet. While tomography provides horizontally

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32

Xu, X., A. H. Manson, C. E. Meek, T. Chshyolkova, J. R. Drummond, C. M. Hall, Ch Jacobi, et al. "Relationship between variability of the semidiurnal tide in the Northern Hemisphere mesosphere and quasi-stationary planetary waves throughout the global middle atmosphere." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 11 (November 11, 2009): 4239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-4239-2009.

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Abstract. To investigate possible couplings between planetary waves and the semidiurnal tide (SDT), this work examines the statistical correlations between the SDT amplitudes observed in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) mesosphere and stationary planetary wave (SPW) with wavenumber S=1 (SPW1) amplitudes throughout the global stratosphere and mesosphere. The latter are derived from the Aura-MLS temperature measurements. During NH summer-fall (July–October), the mesospheric SDT amplitudes observed at Svalbard (78° N) and Eureka (80° N) usually do not show persistent correlations with the SPW1 amplit

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33

Hozumi, Yuta, Akinori Saito, Takeshi Sakanoi, Atsushi Yamazaki, and Keisuke Hosokawa. "Mesospheric bores at southern midlatitudes observed by ISS-IMAP/VISI: a first report of an undulating wave front." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 22 (November 19, 2018): 16399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16399-2018.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. Large-scale spatial structures of mesospheric bores were observed by the Visible and near-Infrared Spectral Imager (VISI) of the ISS-IMAP mission (Ionosphere, Mesosphere, upper Atmosphere and Plasmasphere mapping mission from the International Space Station) in the mesospheric O2 airglow at 762 nm wavelength. Two mesospheric bore events in southern midlatitudes are reported in this paper: one event at 48–54∘ S, 10–20∘ E on 9 July 2015 and the other event at 35–43∘ S, 24∘ W–1∘ E on 7 May 2013. For the first event, the temporal evolution of the mesospheric bore was investigated from th

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34

Vogel, B., P. Konopka, J. U. Grooß, R. Müller, B. Funke, M. Lopéz-Puertas, T. Reddmann, G. Stiller, T. von Clarmann, and M. Riese. "Model simulations of stratospheric ozone loss caused by enhanced mesospheric NO<sub>x</sub> during Arctic Winter 2003/2004." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 2 (March 6, 2008): 4911–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-4911-2008.

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Abstract. Satellite observations show that the enormous solar proton events (SPEs) in October–November 2003 had significant effects on the composition of the stratosphere and mesosphere in the polar regions. After the October–November 2003 SPEs and in early 2004 significant enhancements of NOx(=NO+NO2) in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere in the Northern Hemisphere were observed by several satellite instruments. Here we present global full chemistry calculations performed with the CLaMS model to study the impact of mesospheric NOx intrusions on Arctic polar ozone loss processes in th

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35

Vogel, B., P. Konopka, J. U. Grooß, R. Müller, B. Funke, M. López-Puertas, T. Reddmann, G. Stiller, T. von Clarmann, and M. Riese. "Model simulations of stratospheric ozone loss caused by enhanced mesospheric NO<sub>x</sub> during Arctic Winter 2003/2004." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 17 (September 5, 2008): 5279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5279-2008.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. Satellite observations show that the enormous solar proton events (SPEs) in October–November 2003 had significant effects on the composition of the stratosphere and mesosphere in the polar regions. After the October–November 2003 SPEs and in early 2004, significant enhancements of NOx(=NO+NO2) in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere in the Northern Hemisphere were observed by several satellite instruments. Here we present global full chemistry calculations performed with the CLaMS model to study the impact of mesospheric NOx intrusions on Arctic polar ozone loss processes in t

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36

Jiang, Y., Z. Sheng, and H. Q. Shi. "Modes of zonal mean temperature variability 20–100 km from the TIMED/SABER observations." Annales Geophysicae 32, no. 3 (March 27, 2014): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-285-2014.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. In this study we investigate the spatial variabilities of the zonal mean temperature (20–100 km) from the TIMED (Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics and Dynamics)/SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) satellite using the empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). After removing the climatological annual mean, the first three EOFs are able to explain 87.0% of temperature variabilities. The primary EOF represents 74.1% of total anomalies and is dominated by the north–south contrast. Patterns in the second and third EOFs are related to the semia

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37

Rosenlof, Karen H., and Ronald J. Thomas. "Five-day mesospheric waves observed in Solar Mesosphere Explorer ozone." Journal of Geophysical Research 95, no. D1 (1990): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jd095id01p00895.

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38

Lee, Wonseok, In-Sun Song, Byeong-Gwon Song, and Yong Ha Kim. "Quasi-10 d wave activity in the southern high-latitude mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region and its relation to large-scale instability and gravity wave drag." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 6 (March 21, 2024): 3559–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3559-2024.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. Seasonal variation in westward-propagating quasi-10 d waves (Q10DWs) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) high-latitude regions is investigated using meteor radar (MR) observations for the period of 2012–2016 and using the Specified Dynamics (SD) version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). The phase difference in meridional winds measured by two MRs located in Antarctica gives observational estimates of the amplitude and phase of the Q10DW with zonal wavenumber 1 (W1). The amplitude of the observed Q10DW-W1 is large around equi

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39

Palm, M., C. G. Hoffmann, S. H. W. Golchert, and J. Notholt. "The ground-based MW radiometer OZORAM on Spitsbergen – description and status of stratospheric and mesospheric O<sub>3</sub>-measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 3, no. 6 (November 9, 2010): 1533–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-1533-2010.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. This manuscript introduces the OZORAM ground-based millimeter wave radiometer. The instrument is deployed to the high Arctic (79° N, 12° E) for measurements of O3 in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere. The publication describes the status of OZORAM in the end of 2010. OZORAM is able to provide profile information between 30 and 70 km altitude in time intervals of 1 h. To establish applications of the data and to investigate instrumental biases, the results from September 2008 till summer 2010 are compared to O3 profiles derived from measurements of two instruments onboard po

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40

Collis, P. N., and M. T. Rietveld. "Mesospheric observations with the EISCAT UHF radar during polar cap absorption events: 3. Comparison with simultaneous EISCAT VHF measurements." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 10 (October 31, 1998): 1355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-1355-4.

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Abstract. Mesospheric observations were obtained by the EISCAT UHF and VHF radars during the solar proton event of March 1990. We present the first comparison of incoherent-scatter spectral measurements from the middle mesosphere using simultaneous, co-located observations by the two radars. VHF spectra observed with a vertical antenna were found to be significantly narrower than model predictions, in agreement with earlier UHF results. For antenna pointing directions that were significantly away from the vertical, the wider VHF radar beam gave rise to broadening of the observed spectra due to

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41

Mariaccia, Alexis, Philippe Keckhut, Alain Hauchecorne, Chantal Claud, Alexis Le Pichon, Mustapha Meftah, and Sergey Khaykin. "Assessment of ERA-5 Temperature Variability in the Middle Atmosphere Using Rayleigh LiDAR Measurements between 2005 and 2020." Atmosphere 13, no. 2 (January 31, 2022): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020242.

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Abstract (sommario):

In this study, the temperature biases and the ability of the ERA-5 product to reproduce the LiDAR variability in the 30–80 km altitude range were evaluated for the period 2005–2020, both for the winter and the summer months. During winter, temperatures from the ERA-5 dataset were in good agreement with LiDAR observations up to 45 km, while in the mesosphere, almost 70% of the ERA-5 profiles were cooler than those from LiDAR, except around 65 km. During summer, negative biases of −3 K were observed up to the stratopause, while significant positive biases of more than +10 K were found in the mes

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42

Sinnhuber, M., B. Funke, T. von Clarmann, M. Lopez-Puertas, and G. P. Stiller. "Variability of NO<sub>x</sub> in the polar middle atmosphere from October 2003 to March 2004: vertical transport versus local production by energetic particles." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-1-2014.

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Abstract. We use NO, NO2 and CO from MIPAS/ENVISAT to investigate the impact of energetic particle precipitation onto the NOx budget from the stratosphere to the lower mesosphere in the period from October 2003 to March 2004, a time of high solar and geomagnetic activity. We find that in the winter hemisphere the indirect effect of auroral electron precipitation due to downwelling of upper mesospheric/lower thermospheric air into the stratosphere prevails. Its effect exceeds even the direct impact of the very large solar proton event in October/November 2003 by nearly one order of magnitude. C

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43

Vellalassery, Ashique, Gerd Baumgarten, Mykhaylo Grygalashvyly, and Franz-Josef Lübken. "Long-Term Evolution in Noctilucent Clouds’ Response to the Solar Cycle: A Model-Based Study." Atmosphere 15, no. 1 (January 9, 2024): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15010088.

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Abstract (sommario):

Noctilucent clouds (NLC) are sensitive indicators in the upper mesosphere, reflecting changes in the background atmosphere. Studying NLC responses to the solar cycle is important for understanding solar-induced changes and assessing long-term climate trends in the upper mesosphere. Additionally, it enhances our understanding of how increases in greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere impact the Earth’s upper mesosphere and climate. This study presents long-term trends in the response of NLC and the background atmosphere to the 11-year solar cycle variations. We utilised model simulation

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44

Li, Tao, Natalia Calvo, Jia Yue, James M. Russell, Anne K. Smith, Martin G. Mlynczak, Amal Chandran, Xiankang Dou, and Alan Z. Liu. "Southern Hemisphere Summer Mesopause Responses to El Niño–Southern Oscillation." Journal of Climate 29, no. 17 (August 22, 2016): 6319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0816.1.

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Abstract In the Southern Hemisphere (SH) polar region, satellite observations reveal a significant upper-mesosphere cooling and a lower-thermosphere warming during warm ENSO events in December. An opposite pattern is observed in the tropical mesopause region. The observed upper-mesosphere cooling agrees with a climate model simulation. Analysis of the simulation suggests that enhanced planetary wave (PW) dissipation in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) high-latitude stratosphere during El Niño strengthens the Brewer–Dobson circulation and cools the equatorial stratosphere. This increases the magnit

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45

Shapiro, A. V., E. Rozanov, A. I. Shapiro, S. Wang, T. Egorova, W. Schmutz, and Th Peter. "Signature of the 27-day solar rotation cycle in mesospheric OH and H<sub>2</sub>O observed by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 10 (October 21, 2011): 28477–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-28477-2011.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. The mesospheric hydroxyl radical (OH) is mainly produced by the water vapor (H2O) photolysis and could be considered as a proxy for the influence of the solar irradiance variability on the mesosphere. We analyze the tropical mean response of the mesospheric OH and H2O data as observed by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) to 27-day solar variability. The analysis is performed for two time periods corresponding to the different phases of the 11-yr cycle: from December 2004 to December 2005 ("solar maximum" period with a pronounced 27-day solar cycle) and from November 2008 to Novem

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46

Shapiro, A. V., E. Rozanov, A. I. Shapiro, S. Wang, T. Egorova, W. Schmutz, and Th Peter. "Signature of the 27-day solar rotation cycle in mesospheric OH and H<sub>2</sub>O observed by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 7 (April 3, 2012): 3181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3181-2012.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. The mesospheric hydroxyl radical (OH) is mainly produced by the water vapor (H2O) photolysis and could be considered as a proxy for the influence of the solar irradiance variability on the mesosphere. We analyze the tropical mean response of the mesospheric OH and H2O data as observed by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) to 27-day solar variability. The analysis is performed for two time periods corresponding to the different phases of the 11-yr cycle: from December 2004 to December 2005 (the period of "high activity" with a pronounced 27-day solar cycle) and from August 2008 to

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47

Hall, C. M., A. H. Manson, and C. E. Meek. "Spectral characteristics of spring arctic mesosphere dynamics." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 12 (December 31, 1998): 1607–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-1607-3.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. The spring of 1997 has represented a stable period of operation for the joint University of Tromsø / University of Saskatchewan MF radar, being between refurbishment and upgrades. We examine the horizontal winds from the February to June inclusive and also include estimates of energy dissipation rates derived from signal fading times and presented as upper limits on the turbulent energy dissipation rate, ε. Here we address the periodicity in the dynamics of the upper mesosphere for time scales from hours to one month. Thus, we are able to examine the changes in the spectral signature

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48

Xu, X., A. H. Manson, C. E. Meek, T. Chshyolkova, J. R. Drummond, C. M. Hall, D. M. Riggin, and R. E. Hibbins. "Vertical and interhemispheric links in the stratosphere-mesosphere as revealed by the day-to-day variability of Aura-MLS temperature data." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 9 (September 1, 2009): 3387–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-3387-2009.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. The coupling processes in the middle atmosphere have been a subject of intense research activity because of their effects on atmospheric circulation, structure, variability, and the distribution of chemical constituents. In this study, the day-to-day variability of Aura-MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) temperature data are used to reveal the vertical and interhemispheric coupling processes in the stratosphere-mesosphere during four Northern Hemisphere winters (2004/2005–2007/2008). The UKMO (United Kingdom Meteorological Office) assimilated data and mesospheric winds from MF (medium freq

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49

Morris, Ray, and Damian Murphy. "The polar mesosphere." Physics Education 43, no. 4 (June 20, 2008): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/43/4/003.

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50

Röttger, Jürgen. "Polar mesosphere summer echoes: Dynamics and aeronomy of the mesosphere." Advances in Space Research 14, no. 9 (September 1994): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(94)90125-2.

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