Bibliografie tematiche / Meta-populations

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Meta-populations"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 10 dicembre 2022

Ultima modifica: 29 gennaio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Meta-populations"

Marsh, David M. "Fluctuations in amphibian populations: a meta-analysis". Biological Conservation 101, n. 3 (ottobre 2001): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00076-3.

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Jiang, Yao, Shaoqing Tang, Wei Xiao, Peng Yun e Xiangdong Ding. "A genome-wide association study of reproduction traits in four pig populations with different genetic backgrounds". Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 33, n. 9 (1 settembre 2020): 1400–1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0411.

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Objective: Genome-wide association study and two meta-analysis based on GWAS performed to explore the genetic mechanism underlying variation in pig number born alive (NBA) and total number born (TNB).Methods: Single trait GWAS and two meta-analysis (single-trait meta analysis and multitrait meta analysis) were used in our study for NBA and TNB on 3,121 Yorkshires from 4 populations, including three different American Yorkshire populations (n = 2,247) and one British Yorkshire populations (n = 874).Results: The result of single trait GWAS showed that no significant associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Using single-trait meta analysis and multi-trait meta analysis within populations, 11 significant loci were identified associated with target traits. Spindlin 1, vascular endothelial growth factor A, forkhead box Q1, msh homeobox 1, and LHFPL tetraspan submily member 3 are five functionally plausible candidate genes for NBA and TNB. Compared to the single population GWAS, single-trait Meta analysis can improve the detection power to identify SNPs by integrating information of multiple populations. The multiple-trait analysis reduced the power to detect trait-specific loci but enhanced the power to identify the common loci across traits.Conclusion: In total, our findings identified novel genes to be validated as candidates for NBA and TNB in pigs. Also, it enabled us to enlarge population size by including multiple populations with different genetic backgrounds and increase the power of GWAS by using meta analysis.

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Moe, Jeffry L. "Wellness and Distress in LGBTQ Populations: A Meta-Analysis". Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling 10, n. 2 (10 marzo 2016): 112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15538605.2016.1163520.

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Pinsky, Malin L., e Stephen R. Palumbi. "Meta-analysis reveals lower genetic diversity in overfished populations". Molecular Ecology 23, n. 1 (25 ottobre 2013): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.12509.

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Forrest, Robyn E., Murdoch K. McAllister, Martin W. Dorn, Steven J. D. Martell e Richard D. Stanley. "Hierarchical Bayesian estimation of recruitment parameters and reference points for Pacific rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) under alternative assumptions about the stock–recruit function". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67, n. 10 (ottobre 2010): 1611–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f10-077.

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Hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis can be a useful method for improving estimation of key parameters for harvested fish populations. In hierarchical models, data from multiple populations are used simultaneously to obtain estimates of parameters for individual populations and characterize the variability among populations. Many populations of Pacific rockfishes ( Sebastes spp.) have declined off the US West Coast since the 1980s, and there is also concern for their conservation in Canada. We develop a hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis to improve estimates of stock–recruit parameters, characterize management-related parameters (e.g., optimal harvest rate), and address uncertainties in the structural form of the stock–recruit function for Pacific rockfishes. We estimate steepness and optimal harvest rates for 14 populations of Pacific rockfishes under alternative assumptions about the underlying stock–recruit function (Beverton–Holt and Ricker). We provide a posterior predictive distribution of steepness for rockfishes that can be used as a prior in future assessments for similar populations. We also evaluate whether F40% is an appropriate proxy for FMSY for Pacific rockfishes and show that uncertainty in the natural mortality rate can have a significant effect on management advice derived from meta-analyses of stock–recruit data.

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Civitello, David J., Evelyn Rynkiewicz e Keith Clay. "Meta-Analysis of Co-Infections in Ticks". Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 56, n. 3-4 (6 maggio 2010): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/ijee.56.3-4.417.

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Microbial infections typically do not occur in isolation but co-occur within diverse communities of bacteria, fungi, protozoans, and viruses. Co-infections can lead to increased disease severity, lead to selection for increased virulence, and complicate disease diagnosis and treatment. Co-infections also occur in disease vectors, and represent one source of co-infections in hosts. We examined patterns of co-infections in ticks (Order Acari), which vector diverse human and wildlife pathogens, and asked whether the frequency of microbial co-infections deviated significantly from independent associations. Most published data were from Ixodes species and reported infection and co-infection frequencies ofBorrelia burgdorferiandAnaplasma phagocytophilum. A total of 18 datasets representing 4978 adult ticks met our criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Significant deviations from independent co-infection were detected in eight of the 18 populations. Five populations exhibited a significant excess ofA. phagocytophilum/B. burgdorferico-infections, including all populations ofI. ricinusthat deviated from independence. In contrast, both populations ofI. persulcatusand one of two populations ofI. scapularisexhibited a significant deficit of co-infection. The single population ofI. pacificusexamined had a significant excess of co-infection. Our meta-analyses indicate that tick-borne microbes are often distributed non-randomly, but the direction of deviation was not consistent, indicating that multiple mechanisms contribute to these patterns. Unfortunately, most published studies were not designed to describe patterns of co-infection, and provided insufficient data for our meta-analysis. Future studies should more explicitly measure and report co-infections in ticks, including co-infections by endosymbionts.

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Jujjavarapu, Chethan, Jacob Hughey, Federico Gherardini, Robert Bruggner, Garry Nolan, Sanchita Bhattacharya e Atul Butte. "A Framework for Meta-Analysis of Cytometry Data". Journal of Immunology 196, n. 1_Supplement (1 maggio 2016): 69.16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.69.16.

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Abstract Flow cytometry has been used to analyze cell populations with a certain condition, but because of the limitations of a single flow cytometry experiment, results only present a small portion of cell populations. Meta-analysis has been used to compare and contrast multiple datasets in hopes of discovering new insights. Scientists can then identify more cell populations linked to the condition. Therefore, we are developing a method to standardize and analyze multiple flow cytometry datasets.

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Ovegård, Maria K., Niels Jepsen, Mikaela Bergenius Nord e Erik Petersson. "Cormorant predation effects on fish populations: A global meta‐analysis". Fish and Fisheries 22, n. 3 (4 febbraio 2021): 605–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/faf.12540.

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Gillies, Christina, Sabina Super, Hedwig te Molder, Kees de Graaf e Annemarie Wagemakers. "Healthy eating strategies for socioeconomically disadvantaged populations: a meta-ethnography". International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being 16, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2021): 1942416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2021.1942416.

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Campbell, Kate M., Angela Kouris, Whitney England, Rika E. Anderson, R. Blaine McCleskey, D. Kirk Nordstrom e Rachel J. Whitaker. "Sulfolobus islandicus meta-populations in Yellowstone National Park hot springs". Environmental Microbiology 19, n. 6 (giugno 2017): 2334–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13728.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Meta-populations"

Brelsford, Brooke, e Angie Arvallo. "Effects on Direct Patient Care of Different Socioeconomic Populations: A Meta-Analysis". The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623564.

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Class of 2011 Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of pharmacist-provided direct patient care with consideration to the patients’ socioeconomic status as determined by the patients’ health insurance. METHODS: A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of pharmacist-provided direct patient care on different socioeconomic populations as determined by the patients’ health insurance by including results from several independent randomized control trials. A standardized and tested data extraction form was used to collect primary data on outcome category (therapeutic, safety, and humanistic), disease category (diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular, dyslipidemia, asthma, and other), insurance status (Medicaid, Medicare, Veterans Affairs/ Department of Defense, private and uninsured), and outcome measures. The potential for bias data were analyzed by calculating a total potential for bias score and by construction a forest plot ordered by bias score. RESULTS: Twenty-two studies were included in the meta-analysis. The insurances most often reported were Medicaid (13.6%), Medicare (18.2%), the Veterans Affairs/ Department of Defense (VA/DoD) (41%), and private insurance (27.2%). All insurance groups benefited from pharmacist intervention (p<0.01). The Medicare patients benefited the least from the pharmacist interventions [standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.21], and the benefit of intervention was significantly less than the benefit for subjects having Medicaid, Private Insurance or VA/DoD coverage (p<0.02). CONCLUSION: While patients in all insurance type benefited from pharmacist intervention, Medicare patients seemed to benefit the least; further studies are needed to verify the findings and to explore why the benefit is less than for other groups.

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Odame, Emmanuel A., Ying Li, Shimin Zheng, Ambarish Vaidyanathan e Ken Silver. "Assessing Heat-Related Mortality Risks among Rural Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Evidence". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6301.

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Most epidemiological studies of high temperature effects on mortality have focused on urban settings, while heat-related health risks in rural areas remain underexplored. To date there has been no meta-analysis of epidemiologic literature concerning heat-related mortality in rural settings. This study aims to systematically review the current literature for assessing heat-related mortality risk among rural populations. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify articles published up to April 2018. Key selection criteria included study location, health endpoints, and study design. Fourteen studies conducted in rural areas in seven countries on four continents met the selection criteria, and eleven were included in the meta-analysis. Using the random effects model, the pooled estimates of relative risks (RRs) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were 1.030 (95% CI: 1.013, 1.048) and 1.111 (95% CI: 1.045, 1.181) per 1 °C increase in daily mean temperature, respectively. We found excess risks in rural settings not to be smaller than risks in urban settings. Our results suggest that rural populations, like urban populations, are also vulnerable to heat-related mortality. Further evaluation of heat-related mortality among rural populations is warranted to develop public health interventions in rural communities.

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Ronget, Victor. "The relationships linking age and body mass to vital rates : a comparative perspective in birds and mammals". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1304/document.

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Les individus varient en termes de taux de survie et de taux de reproduction. Les variations de ces taux vitaux peuvent être reliées aux caractéristiques des individus tel que la masse et l’âge. Des modèles démographiques ont été développé pour prendre en compte ces variations dans les populations naturelles et permettre de faire des prédictions pour gérer les populations naturelles. Cependant, la quantité de données démographiques nécessaire pour construire ces modèles n’est pas disponible dans toutes les populations. Pour surmonter ce problème, j’ai pendant ma thèse décrit les patrons généraux des relations reliant l’âge et la masse aux taux vitaux chez les mammifères et les oiseaux. En utilisant les données de la littérature, j’ai pu décrire les patrons généraux de ces relations et mis en évidence les facteurs biologiques pouvant expliquer les variations de ces relations entre les espèces et les populations. Dans un premier temps je me suis concentrer sur le lien entre la masse des individus et leurs taux vitaux. J’ai montré un effet positif de la masse des jeunes sur la survie des jeunes. J’ai ensuite mis évidence l’effet des différentes causes de mortalité sur cette relation avec par exemple un effet négatif de la prédation sur l’intensité de cette relation. J’ai ensuite montré un effet positif de la masse de la mère sur la masse du jeune et enfin que la probabilité de reproduction d’une femelle est impactée positivement par sa masse. Dans une seconde partie, je me suis concentré sur le lien entre l’âge et la survie chez les mammifères. Pour décrire ce lien, nous avons construit une base de données MALDDABA compilant les relations reliant l’âge aux taux vitaux chez les populations naturelles de mammifères que nous avons extraits de tables de vie issues de la littérature. En utilisant ces données, nous avons démontré que les femelles vivent en moyenne plus longtemps que les mâles chez les mammifères en milieu naturelles. J’ai enfin décrit les avantages at les inconvénients des différentes métriques de longévité et proposé de nouvelles méthodes pour décrire la relation entre l’âge et le taux de mortalité. Avec cette thèse, je mets en avant l’utilisation des approches comparatives pour mieux comprendre quels sont les facteurs qui influence la dynamique des populations naturelles
Individuals varies in terms of survival and reproduction. Most of those variations in vital rates can be linked to individual characteristics such as age or body mass. Demographic models were developed to make prediction on those trait-structured populations and are now often used to manage wild populations. However, the amount of data needed to perform those models is not available for every populations. To overcome this issue, I tried in my thesis to assess the general patterns for the relationships linking age and body mass to the vital rates in birds and mammals. By comparing relationship extracted in the literature, I was then able to assess the general effect of body or age on vital rates as well as the biological factor explaining the variation of those relationships between species and populations. I first assess how body mass influence vital rates in birds and mammals. I demonstrated the positive effect of offspring body mass on offspring survival and showed how the relative importance of each causes of mortality influence this relationship, with for instance a negative effect of the predation rate on the intensity of the relationship. I also showed that mother body mass is positively related to offspring body mass and that heavier mother are also more likely to reproduce. On a second part I focused on describing the relationship between age and survival for mammals. We built a database MALDDABA compiling all relationships linking vital rates to age for wild mammals from life tables reported in the literature. Using life table data compiled in the database I was able to demonstrate that females live on average longer than males in wild populations of mammals. I then critically assess the metrics of longevity and provide new insight to describe the relationship between mortality and age. With my thesis I provided new views on the uses of comparative approach to highlight the major factors influencing the population dynamic in the wild

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Minte-Vera, Carolina V. "Meta-analysis of density-dependent somatic growth /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5395.

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Sheshko, Dana. "Parenting Support for Diverse Populations". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41860.

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The overarching goal of this dissertation is to inform evidence-based supports for diverse parents. Past meta-analyses (e.g., Dimitrova, Chasiotis, & van de Vijver, 2016; Porter & Haslam, 2005) have examined adjustment in migrant children, adolescents, and adults. To date, reviews have often examined only immigrants or refugees, with few quantitative comparisons between groups. Further, few include information on parenting or parental adjustment (e.g., van Os, Kalverboer, Zijlstra, Post, & Knorth, 2016). To fill this gap, I conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that used psychometrically strong measures of adjustment and parenting with newcomer immigrant and refugee families to update the literature and to provide a quantitative comparison between migrant groups. Database searches yielded 18,139 abstracts for screening; 4,626 full text articles were reviewed; 31 independent samples 25 of which have not been included in previous reviews met inclusion criteria. Results highlight important differences between migrant groups and informants: parent reports of youth adjustment generally reported greater problems among both immigrant and refugee youth compared to normative samples, whereas youth self-reports varied by migrant group (with refugee youth reporting greater problems than immigrant youth) and adjustment construct. In my second study, I developed and evaluated a self-report measure of adherence to an evidence-based parenting program that is used with diverse families. This tool, the Practitioner Session Reflection Tool (PSRT; Sheshko, Lee, & Gagné, 2015), was designed to support practitioners’ adherence to both the session content and to the primary process of self-regulation theorized to underpin the Triple P – Positive Parenting Program (Sanders, 1999, 2012). Fifty-two practitioners from 12 community agencies submitted 361 self-reports; a subset of 23 practitioners submitted 63 audio-recordings to permit additional ratings by a coding team providing a multi-informant and multimethod evaluation of adherence. Results provided preliminary evidence of good levels of reliability and validity for scores on the adherence measures. Consistent with previous research there were low correlations between informants: practitioners reported both higher content (84.6% compared to 49.9%) and process (80.0 – 95.0% compared to 30 – 55%) adherence than that rated by coders. Possible explanations for this discrepancy are discussed. Taken together, the results of these two studies highlight both the importance of offering supports that can be delivered flexibly to suit the needs of diverse families, and the need to support practitioners’ self-reflection on adherence to program content and underlying processes in delivering those supports.

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Campanella, Gianluca. "Estimation of infection rate in epidemic models with multiple populations". Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6118.

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Matemática e Aplicações Especialização em Actuariado, Estatística e Investigação Operacional
The e ect of infectious diseases on human development throughout history is well established, and investigation on the causes of infectious epidemics { and plagues in particular { dates back at least to Hippocrates,the father of Western medicine. The mechanisms by which diseases spread, however, could not be fully understood until the late nineteenth century, with the discovery of microorganisms and the understanding of their role as infectious agents. Eventually, at the turn of the twentieth century, the foundations of the mathematical epidemiology of infectious diseases were laid by the seminal work of En'ko, Ross, and Kermack and McKendrick. More recently, the application of graph theory to epidemiology has given rise to models that consider the spread of diseases not only at the level of individuals belonging to a single population (population models), but also in systems with multiple populations linked by a transportation network(meta-population models). The aim of meta-populations models is to understand how movement of individuals between populations generates the geographical spread of diseases, a challenging goal whose importance is all the greater now that long-range displacements are facilitated by inexpensive air travel possibilities. A problem of particular interest in all epidemic models is the estimation of parameters from sparse and inaccurate real-world data, especially the socalled infection rate, whose estimation cannot be carried out directly through clinical observation. Focusing on meta-population models, in this thesis we introduce a new estimation method for this crucial parameter that is able to accurately infer it from the arrival times of the rst infective individual in each population. Moreover, we test our method and its accuracy by means of computer simulations.

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Odame, Emmanuel, Ying Li, Shimin Zheng e Ken Silver. "Meta-Analysis to Determine Vulnerability of Rural Areas to Heat Mortality". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/23.

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Background: Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated a possible correlation between high temperature and mortality in different settings. Most of these studies have focused on urban settings in industrialized countries, concluding that urban populations are more vulnerable to heat effects than rural populations. This has mainly been attributed to the urban heat island (UHI) effect, a phenomenon which explains the elevated temperatures in urban areas. Others have contradicted this finding and concluded that rural residents are more vulnerable. For this study, we test the hypothesis that rural populations and sub-populations are also vulnerable to heat mortality. Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar to identify peer-reviewed studies investigating heat mortality in rural settings. Using keywords and a set of rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria, ten studies were selected. Meta-analysis was then performed using the Comprehensive MetaAnalysis V3.exe software. Results and discussion: The pooled relative risk (RR) was 1.191 (95% confidence interval: 1.130-1.251). Although rural populations may not be exposed to as high temperatures as urban populations, they remain vulnerable to heat effects. Conclusion: There is evidence of heat vulnerability in rural populations and subpopulations. Heat vulnerability is not only determined by heat exposure, but also by sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Rural populations and sub-populations may be vulnerable to heat mortality due to low adaptive capacity. Further studies are needed to assess risk factors that predispose rural populations and sub-populations to heat mortality in order to develop effective public health interventions.

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Magidin, de Kramer Raquel. "Evaluation of Cross-Survey Research Methods for the Estimation of Low-Incidence Populations". Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107241.

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Thesis advisor: Henry Braun
This study evaluates the accuracy, precision, and stability of three different methods of cross-survey analysis in order to determine their suitability for estimating the proportions of low-incidence populations. Population parameters of size and demographic distribution are necessary for planning and policy development. The estimation of these parameters for low-incidence populations poses a number of methodological challenges. Cross-survey analysis methodologies offer an alternative to generate useful, low-incidence population estimates not readily available in today's census without conducting targeted, costly surveys to estimate group size directly. The cross-survey methods evaluated in the study are meta-analysis of complex surveys (MACS), pooled design-based cross-survey (PDCS), and Bayesian multilevel regression with post-stratification (BMRP). The accuracy and precision of these methods were assessed by comparing the estimates of the proportion of the adult Jewish population in Canada generated by each method with benchmark estimates. The stability of the estimates, in turn, was determined by cross-validating estimates obtained with data from two random stratified subsamples drawn from a large pool of US surveys. The findings of the study indicate that, under the right conditions, cross-survey methods have the potential to produce very accurate and precise estimates of low-incidence populations. The study did find that the level of accuracy and precision of these estimates varied depending on the cross-survey method used and on the conditions under which the estimates were produced. The estimates obtained with PDCS and BMRP methodologies were more accurate than the ones generated by the MACS approach. The BMRP approach generated the most accurate estimates. The pooled design-based cross-survey method generated relatively accurate estimates across all the scenarios included in the study. The precision of the estimates was found to be related to the number of surveys considered in the analyses. Overall, the findings clearly show that cross-survey analysis methods provide a useful alternative for estimation of low-incidence populations. More research is needed to fully understand the factors that affect the accuracy and precision of estimates generated by these cross-survey methods
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Educational Research, Measurement and Evaluation

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Ibrahim, Abdulrazak Mohamed. "The role of gender for Helicobacter Pylori infection acquisition in adult and pediatric populations - Systematic review and meta-analysis". Master's thesis, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/90390.

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Ibrahim, Abdulrazak Mohamed. "The role of gender for Helicobacter Pylori infection acquisition in adult and pediatric populations - Systematic review and meta-analysis". Dissertação, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/90390.

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Libri sul tema "Meta-populations"

B, Franklin Alan, e American Ornithologists' Union, a cura di. Population dynamics of the California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis): A meta-analysis. Washington, D.C: American Ornithologists' Union, 2004.

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Jolly, Elaine, Andrew Fry e Afzal Chaudhry, a cura di. Epidemiology and evidence-based medicine. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199230457.003.0020.

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Chapter 20 focuses on epidemiology and evidence-based medicine. It covers study design, types of data and descriptive statistics, from samples to populations, relationships, relative risk, odds ratios, and 'number needed to treat', survival analysis, sample size, diagnostic tests, meta-analysis, before concluding with advice on how to read a paper.

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Viboud, Cécile, Hélène Broutin e Gerardo Chowell. Spatial-temporal transmission dynamics and control of infectious diseases: Ebola virus disease (EVD) as a case study. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789833.003.0004.

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Disentangling the spatial-temporal dynamics of infectious disease transmission is important to address issues of disease persistence, epidemic growth and optimal control. In this chapter, we review key concepts relating to the spatial-temporal dynamics of infectious diseases in meta-populations, whereby geographically separate subpopulations are connected by migration or mobility rates. We review the dynamics of colonization, persistence and extinction of emerging and recurrent pathogens in meta-populations; the role of demographic and environmental factors; and geographic heterogeneity in epidemic growth rate. We illustrate theoretical concepts by reviewing the spatial dynamics of childhood diseases and other acute infections in low- and middle-income countries, and provide a detailed description of the spatial-temporal dynamics of the 2014–16 Ebola epidemic in West Africa. We further discuss how increased availability of empirical data and recent methodological developments provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of transmission processes in space and time, and make recommendations for future work.

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Bhopal, Raj S. Epidemiological study designs and principles of data analysis: A conceptually integrated suite of methods and techniques. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739685.003.0009.

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Epidemiological studies are unified by their common goals and by their basis in defined populations. The case series (or register-based study) includes examination of trends in deaths, cancers, notifiable diseases, and hospitalizations. Case–control studies are analysed by comparing the exposure to risk factors in cases to those in controls. In a population studied at a specific time and place (a cross-sectional study), measurements can be made of disease, the factors which may cause disease, or both simultaneously. Cohort studies produce data on disease incidence and are especially good on associations between risk factors and disease outcomes. Trials compare treated and untreated populations and are used, primarily, for information on effectiveness of health interventions. Natural experiments, including Mendelian randomization studies, may provide causal evidence. The principles for the analysis of all studies are similar. The design and interpretation should be in the context of traditional, systematic, and meta-analytic reviews.

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Saunders, David, e Michael H. Bloch. Suicidality in Pediatric Patients Treated with Antidepressant Drugs. A cura di Ish P. Bhalla, Rajesh R. Tampi, Vinod H. Srihari e Michael E. Hochman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0023.

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This chapter provides a summary of a landmark meta-analysis on the treatment of major depressive disorder in children and adolescents. The results of this study prompted the Food and Drug Administration to issue a black box warning on antidepressant use in pediatric populations. Do antidepressants increase suicidality in children and adolescents who are depressed? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

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Kropf, Nancy P., e Sherry M. Cummings. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190214623.003.0004.

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In Chapter 4, “Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Evidence-Based Practice,” research on the use of CBT with older adults is summarized and evaluated. Fifteen meta-analyses and systematic reviews published between 2000 and 2015 are presented. The most developed area of research on CBT effectiveness with older clients is on depression and anxiety outcomes. A smaller, but still substantial, literature focuses on outcomes of CBT for insomnia. While research on the effectiveness of CBT with older adults is not as encompassing as that for younger populations, it is, nonetheless, substantive and, thus far, more advanced than that of most other psychotherapeutic interventions used with older adults. Research suggests that CBT with older clients is as effective as other psychotherapeutic interventions, with superior results in decreasing the negative outcomes of anxiety. In administration, CBT is a flexible approach that has utility across a variety of settings and contexts.

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Kropf, Nancy P., e Sherry M. Cummings. Psychoeducational and Social Support Interventions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190214623.003.0010.

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In Chapter 10, “Psychoeducational and Social Support Interventions: Evidence-Based Practice,” summarizes the results of meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psychoeducational and social support intervention studies with older adults and related populations. The majority of studies (n = 11) compared the effectiveness of interventions for deceasing depression and enhancing functioning among caregivers. Psychoeducational intervention studies were more prevalent than social support studies, and stronger evidence exists for the effectiveness of psychoeducational approaches. However, evidence does suggest that interventions types are useful in reducing caregiver depression and increasing caregiver support, well-being, and coping. Inconclusive results were found on caregiver burden. Four studies examined interventions focused on reducing depression, increasing well-being, or enhancing social functioning among older clients with cancer and other health/mental health issues. Positive results were found. Lack of intervention specificity, however, weakens practitioners and researchers’ ability to replicate the interventions included in these studies.

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Silman, Alan J., Gary J. Macfarlane e Tatiana Macfarlane. Epidemiological Studies: A Practical Guide. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198814726.001.0001.

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This volume provides a practical, hands on guide to the design, planning, conduct, analysis, and interpretation of epidemiological studies. The learning points are applicable to all human studies of health and disease that require the collection and analysis of data to answer questions on disease risk, health outcomes, and the effects of interventions in ‘real world’ populations. It summarizes the main study designs used in epidemiological from purely quantitative studies to assess incidence and prevalence, to the range of observational studies used in the modern practice of epidemiology. A substantial section is devoted to the practical aspects of conduct of epidemiological studies, balancing scientific quality with practicality: the latter covering issues such as costs and ethics. This book also provides a detailed menu of activities that takes the investigator through all the necessary steps following the collection of individual subject data through to generating the statistically robust results necessary to reach conclusions about the questions asked. It provides insights into how to use existing data (secondary data analysis) to answer epidemiological questions, an increasing activity in this era of ‘big data’. Similarly, with a growing epidemiological literature, with multiple studies seemingly addressing the same question, the volume explores how practically to synthesize the results of such multiple investigations and the role of meta-analysis. The book’s ultimate goal is to provide a practical toolkit to enable the successful completion of questions appropriate for applying epidemiological methods.

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Riley, Richard D., Danielle van der Windt, Peter Croft e Karel G. M. Moons, a cura di. Prognosis Research in Health Care. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796619.001.0001.

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What is going to happen to me, doctor?’ ‘What outcomes am I likely to experience?’ ‘Will this treatment work for me?’ Prognosis—forecasting the future—has always been a part of medical practice and caring for the sick. In modern healthcare it now has a new importance, with large financial investments being made to personalize clinical decisions and tailor treatment strategies to improve individual health outcomes based on prognostic information. Prognosis research—the study of future outcomes in people with a particular health condition—provides the critical evidence for obtaining, evaluating, and implementing prognostic information within modern healthcare. This new book, written and edited by experts in the field, including clinicians, epidemiologists, statisticians, and other healthcare professionals, is a comprehensive and unified account of prognosis research in the broadest sense. It explains the concepts behind prognosis in medical practice and prognosis research, and provides a practical foundation for those developing, conducting, interpreting, synthesizing, and appraising prognosis studies. It recommends a framework of four basic prognosis research types, pioneered by the PROGRESS group, and provides explicit guidance on the conduct, analysis, and reporting of prognosis studies for each type. Key topics are overall prognosis in clinically relevant populations; prognostic factors associated with changes in prognosis across individuals; prognostic models for individual outcome risk prediction; and predictors of treatment effects. Examples are given of the impact of prognosis research across a broad range of healthcare topics, and the book also signals the latest developments in prognosis research, including systematic reviews and meta-analysis of prognosis studies, and the use of electronic health records and machine learning in prognosis research.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Meta-populations"

Craig, J. L. "Meta-populations: is management as flexible as nature?" In Creative Conservation, 50–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0721-1_3.

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Myers, Ransom A. "Recruitment variation in fish populations assessed using meta-analysis". In Early Life History and Recruitment in Fish Populations, 451–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1439-1_16.

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Theisen-Womersley, Gail. "Prevalence of PTSD Among Displaced Populations—Three Case Studies". In Trauma and Resilience Among Displaced Populations, 67–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67712-1_3.

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AbstractAs explored in chapter two, displaced populations face a myriad of traumatic events, throughout the migration process. It comes as no surprise than, that two landmark, systematic meta-reviews found prevalence rates among refugee populations of 40% (Turrini et al., .International Journal of Mental Health Systems 11:51, 2017) and 30.6% (Steel et al., .JAMA 302:537–549, 2009) respectively.

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Ciftci, Olena, Katerina Berezina e Minsoo Kang. "Effect of Personal Innovativeness on Technology Adoption in Hospitality and Tourism: Meta-analysis". In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021, 162–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_14.

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AbstractThis study synthesizes existing empirical results about the effect of personal innovativeness on the intention to use technology in hospitality and tourism studies published from January 2010 to March 2020 via meta-analysis. The meta-analysis with a random effects model was conducted on 29 effect sizes of this relationship documented in 28 studies collected from over 7,000 search results on Google Scholar and Scopus. The results of the analysis suggest a significant positive medium effect of personal innovativeness on the intention to use technology in hospitality and tourism research with the overall effect size (ESr) of .38 (95% CI = .32, .44, z = 10.62, p = .001). The study also found that the effect does not change significantly across industries (hotels, restaurants, and tourism and travel), types of technology by task (with transaction function and without transaction function), age groups (younger than 30 years old and 30 years old and older), and power distance cultural differences of the respondents (high-power distance and low-power distance cultures). Based on the results of this study, the authors suggest adding personal innovativeness as a construct in technology adoption models in future research in hospitality and tourism studies and continue investigating potential moderations that could explain variations in effect sizes of the impact of personal innovativeness on the technology adoption intention across different populations. From the industry perspective, hospitality and tourism organizations may rely on customers with high perceived innovativeness to serve as change agents and drive customer adoption of new technology.

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Catalano, Chiara, Salvatore Pasta e Riccardo Guarino. "A Plant Sociological Procedure for the Ecological Design and Enhancement of Urban Green Infrastructure". In Future City, 31–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75929-2_3.

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AbstractUrban green infrastructure could represent an important mean for environmental mitigation, if designed according to the principles of restoration ecology. Moreover, if suitably executed, managed and sized, they may be assimilated to meta-populations of natural habitats, deserving to be included in the biodiversity monitoring networks. In this chapter, we combined automatised and expert opinion-based procedures in order to select the vascular plant assemblages to populate different microhabitats (differing in terms of light and moisture) co-occurring on an existing green roof in Zurich (Switzerland). Our results lead to identify three main plant species groups, which prove to be the most suitable for the target roof. These guilds belong to mesoxeric perennial grasslands (Festuco-Brometea), nitrophilous ephemeral communities (Stellarietea mediae) and drought-tolerant pioneer species linked to nutrient-poor soils (Koelerio-Corynephoretea). Some ruderal and stress-tolerant species referred to the class Artemisietea vulgaris appear to fit well with local roof characteristics, too. Inspired by plant sociology, this method also considers conservation issues, analysing whether the plants selected through our procedure were characteristic of habitats of conservation interest according to Swiss and European laws and directives. Selecting plant species with different life cycles and life traits may lead to higher plant species richness, which in turn may improve the functional complexity and the ecosystem services provided by green roofs and green infrastructure in general.

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Barger, Diana. "Sexual Function and Quality of Life: Assessing Existing Tools and Considerations for New Technologies". In Quantifying Quality of Life, 395–427. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94212-0_16.

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AbstractSexual activity is an important facet of social functioning and quality of life (QoL) reflected in its inclusion in the World Health Organization’s generic, 26-item, quality of life instrument, the WHOQOL-BREF, in the item “how satisfied are you with your sex life?” Several instruments designed to assess sexual activity, function or QoL have been developed, varying in their scope, measurement properties, and applicability to certain populations. Evidence from literature reviews of instruments was synthesized to (a) identify generic self-administered instruments, which have been developed for research or clinical practice in adults and (b) to investigate their scope, psychometric properties, and applicability. We then considered these methods together with emerging Quality of Life Technologies. In total, 110 instruments were identified via nine reviews and 31 generic instruments were retained. There was a good evidence of the instruments’ internal consistency and reliability, but limited evidence of their responsiveness to change. While 31 instruments provide an adequate assessment of function/sexual QoL, fitting with COSMIN guidance, their scope varied and only three of these were developed since the revision of the definition of sexual dysfunction in 2013. Computerized self-reported measures may facilitate data collection yet were rarely discussed by authors. This meta-review has compiled evidence on generic instruments that can improve the collection of data on sexual function/QoL in research and clinical practice. We also discuss the emerging use of applications, connected wearables and devices that may provide another less invasive avenue for the assessment of sexual function/QoL at the individual and population level.

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Cathey, Sara, e Bryan L. Brown. "Dispersal in Stream Networks: Meta-populations and Meta-communities". In Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-819166-8.00143-2.

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Hendry, Andrew P. "Selection". In Eco-evolutionary Dynamics. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691145433.003.0002.

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This chapter begins with a description of how natural selection works and how it is studied in natural populations. It draws on recent meta-analyses to answer fundamental questions about selection in nature, such as how strong and consistent it is, how often it is stabilizing (disfavoring extreme individuals) or disruptive (favoring extreme individuals), what types of traits (e.g., life history or morphology) are under the strongest selection, and how selection differs when fitness is indexed as mating success (sexual selection) or survival/fecundity (natural selection). The chapter also examines selection within “populations,” which are considered to be conspecific groups of individuals within which interbreeding is common (close to panmixia) but among which interbreeding (and therefore gene flow) is restricted.

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Brose, Ulrich. "Trait-based models of complex ecological networks". In Theoretical Ecology, 134–42. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824282.003.0009.

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Over many decades, modelling natural communities of higher diversity and complexity has been hampered by the necessity to provide reasonable parameters for all processes at the level of populations and interactions. Trait-based approaches such as allometric scaling allow to use general species traits such as their average individual body mass to estimate the parameters of populations (e.g., metabolic rates) and interactions (e.g., attack rates). This chapter describes this trait-based network approach and illustrates its potential for understanding the structure and dynamics of complex networks using the examples of i) intrinsic community stability and ii) consequences of global change (e.g., warming). Finally, new research frontiers are illustrated that include spatial processes in meta-networks, the constraints of ecological network structure on ecosystem functioning, and non-trophic interactions.

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Benedetto, Loredana, Ilenia Schipilliti e Massimo Ingrassia. "Coping Strategies and Meta-Worry in Adolescents’ Adjustment during COVID-19 Pandemic". In Adolescences [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106258.

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With the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, several limitations and stressful changes have been introduced in adolescent’s daily life. Particularly, Italian teenagers were the first among western populations to experience fears of infection, home confinement, and social restrictions due to a long lockdown period (10 weeks). This study explores the role of coping strategies (task-oriented, emotion-oriented, and avoidance coping) and meta-beliefs about worry as vulnerability factors associated with adolescents’ anxiety. A community sample of adolescents (N = 284, aged 16–18 y.o.) answered questionnaires assessing anxiety symptoms (RCMAS-2), meta-cognitive beliefs and processes about worry (MCQ-C), and coping strategies (CISS). Results show that 37% of participants report clinically elevated anxiety. Emotion-centered coping predicted higher anxiety, whereas task-centered coping resulted associated with decreased anxiety. Cognitive monitoring about their own worry contributes, but to a lesser extent, to higher levels of anxiety. The implications for the intervention are discussed, especially the need to enhance the coping skills of adolescents and mitigate the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic, which could last for a long time.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Meta-populations"

Kim, Minkyoung, David Newth e Peter Christen. "Modeling dynamics of meta-populations with a probabilistic approach". In the 22nd ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2505515.2505583.

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Kedrin, V. S., I. M. Dobrinets e M. S. Kedrina. "Design aspects of hierarchical variable-intersecting database for storing bioecological parameters for solving problems of mathematical modeling of the population dynamics of Baikal organisms". In VIII Information school of a young scientist. Central Scientific Library of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32460/ishmu-2020-8-0018.

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The project model of the BaikalIntelli research platform is considered for universal storage, input and processing arbitrary spatio-temporal databases of bioecological parameters. Information technologies that allow implementing the basic functionality of the universal meta-mechanism (means) of data systematization are considered. The monitoring mechanism was tested by entering the spatiotemporal database «Spatio-temporal variability of oligochaete populations in the area of industrial wastewater discharge from the Baikal pulp and paper mill».

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Li, Xingnan, Timothy D. Howard, Wendy Moore, Elizabeth J. Ampleford, Huashi Li, William W. Busse, William J. Calhoun et al. "Meta-Analyses Of Genome-Wide Association Studies In Five Asthma Populations Identify Novel Genes Associated With Lung Function". In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a6176.

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Kim, Jeongseon, Hyun‐Ja Kim, Sohee Park, Aesun Shin, Bo Youl Choi, Taichi Shimazu e Shoichiro Tsugane. "Abstract B104: A meta‐analysis of fresh and pickled vegetable consumption and gastric cancer in Japanese and Korean populations". In Abstracts: AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research‐‐ Dec 6–9, 2009; Houston, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.prev-09-b104.

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Conti, David V., Burcu F. Darst, Lilit Moss, Edward J. Saunders, Xin Sheng, Alisha Chou, Tokhir Dadaev et al. "Abstract PO-146: Multiethnic GWAS meta-analysis identifies novel variants and informs genetic risk prediction for prostate cancer across populations". In Abstracts: AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; October 2-4, 2020. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp20-po-146.

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Chia, Lionel, Danilo De Oliveira Silva, Marnee McKay, Justin Sullivan, Fabio Mıcolis de Azevedo e Evangelos Pappas. "144 Is proximal stability a risk factor for knee injuries in athletic populations? A systematic review with meta-analysis and best-evidence synthesis". In IOC World Conference on Prevention of Injury & Illness in Sport 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-ioc.134.

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Darst, Burcu F., Lilit Moss, Edward J. Saunders, Nicholas Mancuso, Xin Sheng, Alisha Chou, Tokhir Dadaev et al. "Abstract NG03: Multiethnic prostate cancer GWAS meta-analysis identifies novel variants, improves genetic risk prediction across populations, and informs biological mechanisms of prostate cancer". In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2021; April 10-15, 2021 and May 17-21, 2021; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-ng03.

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Elhag, Saba, Ibrahem Abdalhakam e Manar Abel-Rahman. "Prevalence of Consanguinity among ASD Individuals: Systematic Review & Meta-analysis". In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0163.

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Aim: We aim to estimate the global prevalence of consanguinity among the ASD families and compare that among different populations. Methods: Meta-analysis of observational studies reporting prevalence of consanguinity among ASD families was searched systematically in important databases including EMBASE, PubMed and Academic Search Complete. Individual studies were screened by two reviewers independently, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a risk of bias tool (Hoy’s tool). Random Effect model was used to calculate pooled weighted estimates due to considerable heterogeneity. Subgroups analysis was also calculated. Results: 10 publications were identified based on our inclusion criteria from 8 different countries, 4 of them were from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and the rest were from: Lebanon (2 studies), Egypt, Jordan, Iran, and Israel). Studies varied in ASD cases numbers as it ranged between 49 -500, and the total ASD individuals in all studies were 1581. All studies address consanguinity among the ASD families despite the variation in the methods. The pooled estimate of consanguinity among ASD families was 24% Subgroup analysis by the study country led to a higher pooled estimate of consanguinity of 38% in the GCC countries compared to other than GCC countries with a pooled estimate of 16%. In addition, the overall odd ratio calculated from the case-control studies included in our meta-analysis was 1.5. Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis that studied the prevalence of consanguinity among ASD families worldwide. Children born to consanguineous parents have been reported to have lower social behavior and cognitive ability, which are the main problems with ASD children. Our study qualitatively reviewed the prevalence of consanguinity among ASD families throughout the world and 10 eligible studies from eight countries were identified. We quantitatively synthesized the results and the key findings of this study showed a 24% overall pooled estimate of consanguinity among ASD families. GCC countries showed a high estimated pooled prevalence of consanguinity among ASD families as 38% compared to countries other than GCC 16%, which was higher than our overall pooled prevalence. This high estimate among GCC countries can be related to the high rates of consanguineous marriage in the GCC countries compared to the worldwide rates (20%). In Qatar, the rate of consanguineous marriage reported as 54%. This high rates among GCC countries may be due to factors like rooted cultural beliefs, social life and customs in addition to, economic benefits of keeping wealth within the families. Conclusion: The globally estimated pooled consanguinity prevalence among ASD patients was 24%, GCC countries showed a higher pooled prevalence (38%)

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Ng, Alyssa, Jerrald Lau, Gretel Jianlin Wong, Kernix Yuqing Siew, Jarrod Tan, Yan Pang e Ker-Kan Tan. "IDDF2022-ABS-0228 How effective are digital technology-based interventions at promoting colorectal cancer screening uptake in average-risk populations? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". In Abstracts of the International Digestive Disease Forum (IDDF), Hong Kong, 2–4 September 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2022-iddf.231.

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Rezende, Rubens Barbosa, e Larissa Teodoro. "Presence of genetic polymorphisms may impact on predisposition to Parkinson’s disease". In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.004.

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Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the black substantia and the formation of Lewy bodies, thus being considered a neurodegenerative disease. Thus, the objective was to understand the impact of polymorphisms in the predisposition to PD. Methods: It’s a narrative review of literature in the PubMed and SciELO databases, using the descriptors: “Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide” and “Parkinson disease”, registered in DeCS/MeSH, and using the Boolean operator AND. The inclusion criteria were: complete articles and made available free of charge, published in English, Spanish and Portuguese, between 2016 and January 2021. Results: After the research, 167 publications were found and seven were included. The data from the first study indicate that the rs33949390 of the LRRK2 gene helps in predisposition to PD in Asian populations, mainly Chinese. The second study indicated that the NFE2L2 rs6721961 allele was linked to a reduced risk of PD. The third study found that the GSK3B rs1732170, STK11 rs8111699, SNCA rs356219 and FCHSD1 rs456998 polymorphisms were linked to a high risk of PD. The fourth study found that the SNCA variants rs7684318, rs356220, rs356203 and rs2736990 were linked to the disease and were at high risk of developing PD in the Mexican population. The fifth and sixth study are meta-analyzes, the fifth confirming the lower allele rs11558538 of HNMT is associated with a reduced risk of developing PD. And the sixth assumes a possible link between CCDC62 rs12817488 and the risk of PD in the Chinese population. Conclusion: However, the analyzed data indicate that the polymorphisms contributed to the susceptibility to PD, however further studies related to the polymorphisms and their relationship to PD are still needed for more ethnic groups, and thus early diagnosis is possible.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Meta-populations"

Bai, Wei, Hong Cai, Pan Chen e Yu-Tao Xiang. Worldwide prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in community populations: a meta-analysis of epidemiology studies. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, settembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0058.

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Zhao, Qing, e Lili Zhou. Culture, sex, and their combined impact on self-report empathy—Meta-analyses. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, aprile 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0172.

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Condition being studied: The current meta-analysis covers empirical investigations of self-report empathy (evaluated using the EQ and the IRI scales) based on different populations. Studies with general populations and physical/mental clinical populations were included. Both cross-cultural and non-cross-cultural studies (studies based on a single cultural background) were considered. Eligibility criteria: We restricted our current meta-analysis to studies that satisfied all of the following criteria: (1) studies evaluated participants’ self-report empathy using the EQ or the IRI; (2) studies reported the EQ and IRI version (i.e., scale item number and language); (3) studies reported the EQ and IRI total or subscale scores (e.g., mean and SD) based on the overall sample or both sex groups separately. (4) studies reported participants’ cultural backgrounds (e.g., country of origin, nationality, ethnicity, and language).

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Tsai, I.-Chen, e Ke-Vin Chang. The Effect of Curcumin Differs on Individual Cognitive Domains across Different Patient Populations: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, settembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0085.

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Zhao, Lili, Tao Li, Meijuan Dang, Ye Li, Hong Fan, Qian Hao, Dingli Song et al. Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism with ischemic stroke risk in different populations: an updated meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0037.

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Review question / Objective: Recently, increasing evidence has implicated methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene mutation as a risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS) in the general population. However, studies have been inconclusive and lack evidence on specific populations. We aim to determine whether the MTHFR C677T variant is linked to an increased risk of IS in different age groups andregions. Information sources: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI databases for relevant observational studies will be undertaken.

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Aziz, Md Abdul, Tahmina Akter e Mohammad Safiqul Islam. Effect of miR-196a2 rs11614913 polymorphism on cancer susceptibility: evidence from an updated meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, maggio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0027.

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Review question / Objective: MiR-196a2 rs11614913 polymorphism has been studied in a wide range of cancers throughout the years. Despite a large number of epidemiological studies performed in almost all ethnic populations, the contribution of this polymorphism in cancer risk is still inconclusive. Therefore, this updated meta-analysis was performed to estimate a meticulous correlation between miR-196a2 rs11614913 variant and cancer susceptibility. Condition being studied: Different types of cancer patients and healthy controls were evaluated to detect the cancer risk in the individual case-control studies. We performed a meta analysis of these case control studies to get a pulled outcome risk.

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Zhang, Chen qi, Xueyang Bai, Yong Wan, Hongyan Li e Hongbin Sun. Efficacy, safety, and retention rate of extended-release divalproex versus conventional delayed-release divalproex: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0090.

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Review question / Objective: We aim to systematically examine and compare the efficacy, safety and retention rate of ER divalproex (VPA-ER) and conventional DR divalproex (VPA-DR) on patients with epilepsy. Condition being studied: To our knowledge, comparison and conversion studies about VPA-ER and conventional VPA-DR are lacked. Small-sample studies analyzing the safety and efficacy of VPA-ER in different populations remain controversial. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review the safety, efficacy and retention rate of VPA-ER and VPA-DR by meta-analysis.

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Zhao, Binghao, Yu Wang e Wenbin Ma. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Therapeutics for Elderly Glioblastoma: a Bayesian Network Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, marzo 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0094.

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Review question / Objective: At this time, a comprehensive systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to: (1) fill the research gap by giving rankings on treatment efficacy; (2) provide statistical evidence of not head-to-head comparisons; (3) seek out the best and up-to-date therapeutic strategy reported in latest RCTs; (4) address potential adverse events (AEs) of available treatments. Condition being studied: The incidence of glioblastoma (GBM) increases with age, until now, there has been less evidence on the optimal treatments for elderly GBM since only general GBM populations were included in clinical trials. Given the poor survival of elderly GBM, we collected randomized controlled trials about newly diagnosed GBM (ndGBM) and recurrent GBM, and conducted a Bayesian network meta-analysis on ndGBM regarding overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). We revealed TTF + TMZ and TMZ + HFRT were likely to be best treatments for OS; BEV + HFRT and TMZ + HFRT were likely to be best options for PFS. Current study is the most comprehensive and powered network analysis on elderly GBM until now, it also provides more insights for elderly GBM management.

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Börjesson, Patrik, Maria Eggertsen, Lachlan Fetterplace, Ann-Britt Florin, Ronny Fredriksson, Susanna Fredriksson, Patrik Kraufvelin et al. Long-term effects of no-take zones in Swedish waters. A cura di Ulf Bergström, Charlotte Berkström e Mattias Sköld. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.10da2mgf51.

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Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly established worldwide to protect and restore degraded ecosystems. However, the level of protection varies among MPAs and has been found to affect the outcome of the closure. In no-take zones (NTZs), no fishing or extraction of marine organisms is allowed. The EU Commission recently committed to protect 30% of European waters by 2030 through the updated Biodiversity Strategy. Importantly, one third of these 30% should be of strict protection. Exactly what is meant by strict protection is not entirely clear, but fishing would likely have to be fully or largely prohibited in these areas. This new target for strictly protected areas highlights the need to evaluate the ecological effects of NTZs, particularly in regions like northern Europe where such evaluations are scarce. The Swedish NTZs made up approximately two thirds of the total areal extent of NTZs in Europe a decade ago. Given that these areas have been closed for at least 10 years and can provide insights into long-term effects of NTZs on fish and ecosystems, they are of broad interest in light of the new 10% strict protection by 2030 commitment by EU member states. In total, eight NTZs in Swedish coastal and offshore waters were evaluated in the current report, with respect to primarily the responses of focal species for the conservation measure, but in some of the areas also ecosystem responses. Five of the NTZs were established in 2009-2011, as part of a government commission, while the other three had been established earlier. The results of the evaluations are presented in a synthesis and also in separate, more detailed chapters for each of the eight NTZs. Overall, the results suggest that NTZs can increase abundances and biomasses of fish and decapod crustaceans, given that the closed areas are strategically placed and of an appropriate size in relation to the life cycle of the focal species. A meta-regression of the effects on focal species of the NTZs showed that CPUE was on average 2.6 times higher after three years of protection, and 3.8 times higher than in the fished reference areas after six years of protection. The proportion of old and large individuals increased in most NTZs, and thereby also the reproductive potential of populations. The increase in abundance of large predatory fish also likely contributed to restoring ecosystem functions, such as top-down control. These effects appeared after a 5-year period and in many cases remained and continued to increase in the longer term (>10 years). In the two areas where cod was the focal species of the NTZs, positive responses were weak, likely as an effect of long-term past, and in the Kattegat still present, recruitment overfishing. In the Baltic Sea, predation by grey seal and cormorant was in some cases so high that it likely counteracted the positive effects of removing fisheries and led to stock declines in the NTZs. In most cases, the introduction of the NTZs has likely decreased the total fishing effort rather than displacing it to adjacent areas. In the Kattegat NTZ, however, the purpose was explicitly to displace an unselective coastal mixed bottom-trawl fishery targeting Norway lobster and flatfish to areas where the bycatches of mature cod were smaller. In two areas that were reopened to fishing after 5 years, the positive effects of the NTZs on fish stocks eroded quickly to pre-closure levels despite that the areas remained closed during the spawning period, highlighting that permanent closures may be necessary to maintain positive effects. We conclude from the Swedish case studies that NTZs may well function as a complement to other fisheries management measures, such as catch, effort and gear regulations. The experiences from the current evaluation show that NTZs can be an important tool for fisheries management especially for local coastal fish populations and areas with mixed fisheries, as well as in cases where there is a need to counteract adverse ecosystem effects of fishing. NTZs are also needed as reference for marine environmental management, and for understanding the effects of fishing on fish populations and other ecosystem components in relation to other pressures. MPAs where the protection of both fish and their habitats is combined may be an important instrument for ecosystembased management, where the recovery of large predatory fish may lead to a restoration of important ecosystem functions and contribute to improving decayed habitats. With the new Biodiversity Strategy, EUs level of ambition for marine conservation increases significantly, with the goal of 30% of coastal and marine waters protected by 2030, and, importantly, one third of these areas being strictly protected. From a conservation perspective, rare, sensitive and/or charismatic species or habitats are often in focus when designating MPAs, and displacement of fisheries is then considered an unwanted side effect. However, if the establishment of strictly protected areas also aims to rebuild fish stocks, these MPAs should be placed in heavily fished areas and designed to protect depleted populations by accounting for their home ranges to generate positive outcomes. Thus, extensive displacement of fisheries is required to reach benefits for depleted populations, and need to be accounted for e.g. by specific regulations outside the strictly protected areas. These new extensive EU goals for MPA establishment pose a challenge for management, but at the same time offer an opportunity to bridge the current gap between conservation and fisheries management.

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Lee, Huan-Fang, Tzu-Yu Liu e Pei-Chun Lai. The effect of acupressure for insomnia : A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, aprile 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0050.

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Abstract (sommario):

Review question / Objective: This study aims to discuss the effectiveness of acupressure, without combining any other objects or methods, in treating insomnia. Condition being studied: Previous studies mostly chose acupuncture as intervention ; even if relevant studies were found, it was rare for them to solely focus on acupressure as many of which combined other methods to compare with the control groups. In the recent systematic reviews about insomnia, selected populations, hemodialysis and hypertensive patients, in particular, were put more emphasis on. Nevertheless, most of the studies included in these reviews have the same problem mentioned above. On top of that, the placebo effect in control group was not often considered, making it hard for us to truly distinguish the effectiveness of acupressure.

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Zhang, Cheng, e Yue Yang. Impact of adaptive design on reducing the duration of clinical trials in rare cancers: a meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, febbraio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0081.

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Review question / Objective: Whether the application of adaptive design in clinical trials of rare cancers can shorten the duration of clinical trials? Condition being studied: Currently, the development of innovative drug products (InMPs) for rare cancers faces many challenges, including the difficulty of enrolling sufficient numbers of patients from small and heterogeneous patient populations for clinical trials, and the significant risks of high financial investment, long development times and potential failure from a pharmaceutical company's perspective for rare cancer drugs due to limited knowledge of the natural history of the disease. Therefore, alternative approaches to clinical trial design are needed to conduct cost-effective, well-controlled analyses that can assess treatment effects in small, heterogeneous populations within shorter time frames. Adaptive trials, on the other hand, may be an effective solution to this problem. Adaptive clinical trials are designed to accelerate the clinical trial process by making predefined adjustments to key parameters through data accumulated at predefined time points during the trial without compromising the integrity and validity of the results.This study aims to examine the value of adaptive design in reducing the duration of clinical trials in rare cancers and encourage their wider implementation.

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