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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "MICROBALLOONS"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 11 settembre 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "MICROBALLOONS"

Dando, Kerrick R., William M. Cross, Marc J. Robinson e David R. Salem. "Characterization of mixture epoxy syntactic foams highly loaded with thermoplastic and glass microballoons". Journal of Composite Materials 53, n. 13 (27 novembre 2018): 1737–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318810782.

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Syntactic foams comprising glass or thermoplastic microballoons have gained considerable attention in recent years due to mechanical and thermal properties that are advantageous for naval and aerospace applications. This work reports a method for producing syntactic foams with unusually high-volume fraction microballoon loadings (>0.74) and its utilization for the creation of “hybrid” epoxy resin-based syntactic foams comprising various mixtures of glass and thermoplastic microballoons. Microstructural analyses using X-ray micro-computed tomography provided non-destructive quantitative characterization of microballoon packing, confirming the high loading levels suggested by density measurements. By systematically varying the glass/thermoplastic microballoon ratio, it was shown that a range of mechanical properties can be engineered into these lightweight materials. The peak impact force of these syntactic foams can be significantly reduced (∼30% reduction) through combining glass and thermoplastic microballoons in a ratio where the thermoplastic microballoons are the dominant fraction but not the sole microballoon component.

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Ullas, A. V., Devendra Kumar e Prasun Kumar Roy. "Epoxy-Glass Microballoon Syntactic Foams: Rheological Optimization of the Processing Window". Advances in Polymer Technology 2019 (1 aprile 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9180302.

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In this paper, we discuss the chemorheology of epoxy based syntactic foams containing glass microballoons of varying density, with an aim of establishing the effect of microballoon loading on its processability. The primary objective is to determine the maximum microballoon loading that disperses uniformly in the resin without the aid of any diluent. The viscosity and dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy formulations containing varying amounts of glass microballoons were established by parallel plate rheometry. Our studies reveal that solventless processing of formulations with microballoon loading > 60% poses practical difficulties due to prohibitively high viscosities, although a packing efficiency of 74% is theoretically allowed in the case of hexagonal close packing. The presence of microballoons does not alter the curing mechanism. The mechanical properties of syntactic foams were inversely proportional to the loading and type of glass microballoons.

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Dando, Kerrick R., William M. Cross, Marc J. Robinson e David R. Salem. "Production and characterization of epoxy syntactic foams highly loaded with thermoplastic microballoons". Journal of Cellular Plastics 54, n. 3 (23 marzo 2017): 499–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x17700093.

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Abstract (sommario):

Glass microballoon syntactic foams consisting of 60–70 vol% hollow glass microballoons and epoxy resin matrix have gained considerable attention in recent years due to their unique combination of mechanical properties and low density, with applications in the naval and aerospace industries. An important limitation of these materials is the volume fraction ceiling (∼0.74) and subsequent density limit (0.36 g/cm3). Utilizing thermoplastic microballoons, syntactic foams were produced with densities as low as 0.067 g/cm3, achieved by developing a method that produces epoxy/microballoon compositions comprising an unusually high volume fraction of microballoons (0.75–0.95). The resulting morphology features microballoons which, having expanded in a restricted volume, are deformed into irregular shapes that efficiently pack together and are encapsulated by a thin coating of epoxy. The compressive yield strength, tensile strength and initial modulus of these highly loaded syntactic foams exhibit a non-linear decrease with increasing microballoon volume fraction to values typical of highly porous polymers, but display a high degree of recovery, or rebound, from large compressive strain compared with glass microballoon syntactic foams.

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Kannan, Sathish, Salman Pervaiz, Abdulla Alhourani, Robert J. Klassen, Rajiv Selvam e Meysam Haghshenas. "On the Role of Hollow Aluminium Oxide Microballoons during Machining of AZ31 Magnesium Syntactic Foam". Materials 13, n. 16 (11 agosto 2020): 3534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163534.

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The role played by hollow ceramic thin-walled aluminium oxide microballoons on the shear deformation characteristics of AZ31 Magnesium syntactic foam is studied through high-speed machining. The ceramic microballoons embedded in the AZ31 matrix provides the necessary stiffness for these novel foams. The effect of hollow ceramic microballoon properties, such as the volume fraction, thin wall thickness to diameter ratio, and microballoon diameter, profoundly affects the chip formation. A novel force model has been proposed to explain the causes of variation in cutting forces during chip formation. The results showed an increase in machining forces during cutting AZ31 foams dispersed with higher volume fraction and finer microballoons. At a lower (Davg/h) ratio, the mode of microballoon deformation was a combination of bubble burst and fracture through an effective load transfer mechanism with the plastic AZ31 Mg matrix. The developed force model explained the key role played by AZ31 matrix/alumina microballoon on tool surface friction and showed a better agreement with measured machining forces.

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Zhi, Chao, e Hairu Long. "Flexural Properties of Syntactic foam Reinforced by Warp Knitted Spacer Fabric". Autex Research Journal 16, n. 2 (1 giugno 2016): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0028.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the flexural behaviours of syntactic foam reinforced by warp knitted spacer fabric (SF-WKSF). Seven kinds of SF-WKSF samples were fabricated by warp knitted spacer fabric (WKSF) with structural parameters including surface layer structures, inclination-angle and fineness of spacer yarns, different microballoons types and contents. The flexural tests were carried out and the bending properties of SF-WKSF were analysed based on the strength and modulus values obtained from the test results. It is indicated that the SF-WKSF shows higher flexural strength and modulus compared to neat syntactic foam with almost no impact on the density of composites. The results also demonstrate that the surface layer structure, inclination-angle of spacer yarns, microballons content and type have significant effects on the flexural responses of SF-WKSF. The composites exhibit better antibending capacities by selecting larger inclination-angle, closer surface layer structure, higher density and relatively higher content of S60HS microballoons.

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Rafeichik, Sergey. "Dependence of Critical Diameter of Emulsion Explosive on Density in Steel Confinement". Siberian Journal of Physics 8, n. 3 (1 ottobre 2013): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54362/1818-7919-2013-8-3-128-134.

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Emulsion explosives (EMX) based on fine emulsion matrix are characterized by high detonation ability. Critical diameter (as minimum diameter when detonation occurs) and reaction zone length are known in the case of thin confinement with low acoustic impedance. The dependence of critical diameter of EMX in steel confinement with high acoustic impedance was examined in the range of initial density 0,75–1,37 g/cm3 . Density was varied by the concentration of glass microballoons, which were used as the sensitizer. It was shown experimentally, that characteristic value is /2 1 cr R d a  in the case of strong confinement. This can be due to the decrease of detonation front curvature. Comparison was made between the values of critical diameter in weak and strong confinement. The main distinction is that such dependence in strong confinement is lower and almost monotonic. This can indicate the influence of some processes besides lateral rarefaction wave. Period of reaction is closely connected with critical diameter and reaction zone length. Model based on heterogeneous kinetic of heating of emulsion surrounding single microballoon was proposed to describe the experimental dependence of the reaction zone time of EMX on concentration of microballons

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Srivastava, Ankita, Ruchi Shukla, Kusum Sharma, Hitesh Jain e D. B. Meshram. "Microballoons: A Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery System". Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, n. 4-s (15 agosto 2019): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-s.3274.

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Oral route is most preferable and widely used route for the administration of drug. Microballoons becomes novel technology in pharmaceutical field in the floating drug delivery for achieving the gastric retention. Microballoons are also called as hollowspheres which are porous smooth in nature and thus show good floating properties in gastric fluid. Microballoons release the drug in controlled manner at the targeted site. Microballoons are spherical empty vesicles without core and that can remain buoyant in gastric region for prolong period of time without irritation in gastrointestinal tract. Multiparticulate particles having a low density system that can efficiently prolong the gastric retention time of the drugs, thus enhanced bioavailability and thus improve the dosing frequency. These are less soluble at higher pH environment. As microballoons delivery systems provide longer retention in gastric pH and enhance the solubility of drugs that are less soluble in high pH environment. The formation of cavity inside the microballoons depend on the preparation, temperature and the surface smoothness determine the floatability and the release rate of microballoons. Keywords: Microballoons, Gastro retentive drug delivery system, Hollowspheres, Controlled release

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John, Bibin, C. P. Reghunadhan Nair e K. N. Ninan. "Low-Density Phenolic Syntactic Foams: Processing and Properties". Cellular Polymers 26, n. 4 (luglio 2007): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248930702600401.

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Low-density phenolic syntactic foams with different volume percentages of microballoons were processed and their mechanical performance has been evaluated in terms of tensile, flexural, compressive and the corresponding specific properties. Tensile and flexural strength increased with volume fraction of microballoon and optimized at 72–74 percentage by volume of microballoon. Both the properties decreased with further addition of microballoon. The corresponding specific properties also manifested a similar order. Compressive and specific compressive strength decreased with increase in microballoon volume percentage. The flexural and compressive modulus values followed the same trend as the strength values. The properties of phenolic syntactic foams were compared with syntactic foams based on an addition cure phenolic resin, Propargyl Ether Novolac resin (PN). The mechanical properties of the latter were inferior to those of phenolic syntactic foams. The morphology of the failed samples as examined by SEM showed that failure occurred by a combination of matrix and microballoon failure at low microballoon loading whereas it occurred by microballoon cracking and resin to microballoon debonding at high concentration of filler. The dynamic mechanical analysis of phenolic and PN resin syntactic foams showed a higher use temperature for PN system in comparison to phenolic.

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Ferreira, S. C., Alexandre Velhinho, L. A. Rocha e Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes. "Microstructure Characterization of Aluminium Syntactic Functionally Graded Composites Containing Hollow Ceramic Microspheres Manufactured by Radial Centrifugal Casting". Materials Science Forum 587-588 (giugno 2008): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.207.

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Syntactic functionally graded metal matrix composites (SFGMMC) are a class of metallic foams in which closed porosity results from the presence of hollow ceramic microspheres (microballoons), whose spatial distribution varies continuously between the inner and the outer section of the part, thus resulting in a continuous variation in properties. In this work, aluminiumbased SFGMMC rings were fabricated by radial centrifugal casting. The graded composition along the radial direction is controlled mainly by the difference in the centrifugal forces which act on the molten metal matrix and the ceramic particles, due to their dissimilar densities. In this case where the density of the SiO2-Al2O3 microballoons is lower than that of molten aluminium, the particles show a tendency to remain closer to the inner periphery of the ring. Thus the microballoon volume fraction increases along the radial direction of the ring from the outer to the inner periphery; in other words, the particle-rich zone is limited to an inner layer of the ring. Precursor conventional MMCs were prepared by stir-casting from the constituent materials, by homogeneously dispersing commercial SiO2-Al2O3 microballoons (particle size: 50 µm; particle volume fraction: 5 and 10 %) within a molten commercial Al-7Si-0.3Mg (A356) alloy. The resulting MMCs were then re-melt and centrifugally cast in order to produce the functionally graded composites. Particle gradients in the centrifugally cast composites were investigated by quantitative image analysis of optical micrographs (for the estimation of the particle volume fraction, mean particle diameter and porosity volume fraction).

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Penjuri, S. C. B., R. Nagaraju, S. Shaik, S. Damineni e S. R. Poreddy. "GASTRORETENTIVE MICROBALLOONS OF RIBOFLAVIN: FORMULATION AND EVALUATION". INDIAN DRUGS 54, n. 04 (28 aprile 2017): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.54.04.10708.

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Gastroretentive dosage forms are useful to extend release of drugs having a narrow window of absorption in the upper intestine and for drugs degraded by higher pH or for drugs with local action in the proximal part of the GI tract. In the present study, an attempt was made to prepare microballoons of riboflavin by emulsion solvent diffusion method by using HPMC and ethylcellulose in order to extend the drug release in the upper GIT, which may result in enhanced absorption and thereby improved bioavailability. The size and surface morphology of riboflavin microballoons were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy. FTIR and DSC studies revealed no drug excipient interaction. Average particle size of microballoons was found to be between 126.8±2.26 to 163.4±2.52 μm. Microballoons were found to be spherical in shape with smooth surface texture. Percentage yield of the microballoons was satisfactory. In vitro buoyancy of the optimized riboflavin microballoons was found to be 96.24±0.08%, indicating good floating in stomach. Cumulative amount of drug release from microballoons at the end of 12 hr was 99.78±2.78 % and followed Highuchi diffusion kinetics and super case II transport.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "MICROBALLOONS"

Brun, Etienne. "Influence des paramètres d'élaboration sur les propriétés mécaniques et microstructurales de microballons métalliques obtenus par électrolyse". Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS112.

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Le but de cette thèse est l’étude du système électrochimique or-cuivre en milieucyanure, la finalité étant la réalisation de microballons en or-cuivre de 800 μm de diamètre etd’épaisseur 20 à 40 μm. La composition, la microstructure ainsi que la rugosité doivent êtreparfaitement maîtrisées. La technique utilisée pour réaliser ce type d’objet est le dépôtélectrolytique en milieu cyanure.Dans un premier temps, l’influence des principaux paramètres d’élaboration(température de l’électrolyte, agitation, etc.) a été étudiée. Cette première étude a permis deréaliser des alliages d’or-cuivre de 5 μm d’épaisseur sur substrat plan de différentescompositions. En effet, il a été montré que la teneur en cuivre des dépôts augmente lorsque lepotentiel de réduction appliqué croît. Une augmentation du taux de cuivre modifie lesmécanismes de germination et de croissance des dépôts, ce qui a pour effet de diminuer lataille de grains et de modifier la microstructure. Ainsi, plus le dépôt est riche en cuivre, plus lataille de grains est faible et plus la structure est colonnaire, nodulaire voire dendritique.Des dépôts de 20 μm d’épaisseur ont ensuite été effectués sur substrat plan.Conformément à ce qui est décrit dans la littérature, ces dépôts se sont avérés très difficiles àréaliser en raison de l’apparition de nodules et de dendrites lorsque l’épaisseur augmente. Deplus, pour des épaisseurs supérieures à 10 μm, les dépôts sont alors constitués uniquementd’or, le cuivre n’étant plus réduit. Le changement de structure en cours de dépôt s’expliquepar l’inhibition de croissance engendrée par le cyanure libre. En effet, au cours de la réductionde l’aurocyanure et du cuprocyanure, du cyanure libre est libéré à la cathode. Ce cyanure libreinhibe la croissance latérale et promeut la croissance tridimensionnelle dite « instantanée »,provoquant l’apparition de nodules et de dendrites. Quant à l’appauvrissement en cuivre dudépôt, il s’explique également par la présence de cyanure libre à la cathode qui génère descomplexes cuprocyanure d’ordre 4. Les complexes d’ordre 4 possèdent une énergied’activation supérieure et un coefficient de diffusion plus élevé que les complexes d’ordre 3,d’où l’appauvrissement en cuivre du dépôt.Suite aux études électrochimiques, un modèle a été établi permettant d’expliquerl’influence du cyanure libre sur l’électrocristallisation des alliages d’or-cuivre. Ce modèle apermis de mettre en place des solutions visant à limiter l’inhibition électrochimique et ainsioptimiser les propriétés des alliages or-cuivre obtenus.L’une des solutions mises en place est l’application d’un champ ultrasonore pendant ledépôt. La cavitation générée par les ultrasons permet en effet d’évacuer le cyanure libre de lasurface de la cathode et d’optimiser le processus d’électrocristallisation. Ainsi, des dépôtsd’or-cuivre sur microballons ont été réalisés en présence d’ultrasons. Les analyses MEB etEDX de ces microballons montrent qu’il est possible d’obtenir des dépôts de 20 à 40 μmd’épaisseur de composition maitrisée. Les dépôts analysés ne présentent aucun gradient deconcentration dans l’épaisseur et il est ainsi possible de réaliser des alliages d’or-cuivrecontenant jusqu’à 45 %m de cuivre. Les dépôts réalisés présentent une structure lisse(80 ≤ Ra ≤ 230 nm) et compacte, et cela quelle que soit la concentration en cuivre. Quant à lamicrodureté de ces dépôts sur microballons, elle est fonction de la taille de grains (relation deHall-Petch) et donc de la concentration en cuivre du dépôt
The aim of this PhD Thesis is to study the gold-copper cyanide electrochemicalsystem and finally to realize gold-copper microspheres with a diameter of 800 μm and athickness between 20 and 40 μm. The composition, the microstructure and the roughness ofthese shells must be perfectly controlled. To synthesise such a material, electrodepositionfrom a gold-copper alkaline cyanide bath has been chosen.Initially, the influence of the principal electrochemical parameters (temperature of theplating bath, stirring, etc.) was studied. This study showed that it is possible to realize5 μm thick gold-copper alloys with various compositions. Actually, it was shown that thecopper content of deposits varies with the applied potential. When increasing the coppercontent of coatings, the nucleation and growth mechanisms change. As a result, the grain sizeand the microhardness of the coatings are modified. An increase in the copper content reducesthe grain size witch increases the microhardness until a critical grain size of 6 nm. Thisincrease of copper content also affects the microstructure: columnar, nodular even dendriticalstructures were observed.Then, 20 μm thick gold-copper coatings were realized using the same electrochemicalparameters. As expected, these coatings were very difficult to plate because of the instabilityof the electrocrystallization process resulting in the development of columnar and nodularstructures. Moreover, for thicknesses above 10 μm, all deposits are free from copper. Themicrostructure change of deposits can be explained by inhibition phenomena generated byfree cyanide. Actually, the reduction of gold-copper generates free cyanide at the cathodesurface which inhibits the electrocrystallization and promotes instantaneous nucleation. Thisproduction of free cyanide also modifies the electrolyte chemistry promoting the formation ofCu(CN)43- instead of Cu(CN)32-. Cu(CN)43- complexes have lower diffusion coefficients andhigher activation energy witch explains why copper content reduces when increasing thethickness of deposits.Then a model was established which explains the influence of free cyanide on thegold-copper electrocrystallization. This model permitted to develop solutions in order to limitthe inhibition phenomena and to optimize the electrocrystallization of gold-copper.One of the solutions developed is the application of an ultrasonic field. The cavitationgenerated by the ultrasonic field eliminates the free cyanide from the cathode surface andoptimize the electrocrystallization process. Gold-copper deposits on shells were then platedunder sonication. SEM and EDS results show that it is possible to make 20 to 40 μm thickcoatings with a controlled composition. All the coatings plated under sonication were smooth(80 ≤ Ra ≤ 230 nm) and compact for various copper contents. The microhardness of thesecoatings varies with grain size (Hall-Petch relation) which depends of copper content

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Dutto, Vincent. "Mesure des défauts de forme de microballons par imagerie X : exploitation du phénomène de constraste de phase". Thesis, Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0013/document.

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Depuis l'arrêt définitif des essais nucléaires, la Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM) du CEA s'appuiesur le triptyque modélisation physique - validation expérimentale - simulation numérique pour comprendre,prévoir et garantir le fonctionnement des armes nucléaires. Parmi les grands équipements contribuant à lavalidation des modèles physiques implémentés dans les logiciels de calcul, le Laser MegaJoule permetd'étudier expérimentalement des phénomènes de même nature que ceux intervenant dans les armes. La familled'objets expérimentés sur cette installation est dénommée « microcibles laser». Les microballons intégrés dansces microcibles sont caractérisés par des techniques de radiographie X. Les brusques variations de niveau degris observées sur les clichés X de microballons témoignent de la 'présence d'un phénomène de contraste dephase, contraste s'ajoutant au contraste d'absorption. L'information contenue dans ce phénomène est utiliséepour une détection de contours du microballon radiographié. Les points trouvés lors de la détection de contourssont alors utilisés par un algorithme d'estimation des défauts de formes des surfaces des microballons. Uneétude paramétrique permet d'identifier le nombre de clichés nécessaire à l'estimation des défauts de forme enfonction du nombre de modes souhaités. L'incertitude de la méthode d'estimation est calculée permettant lacaractérisation complète du microballon
Since 1996, the CEA's Military Applications Division (DAM) guaranties the reliability and safety of Frenchnuclear warheads without conducting any further nuclear test. It relies particularly on major facilities forvalidating the equations used to model the functioning of nuclear weapons. Among them, the Megajoule Laser(LMJ) allows studying experimentally, as "laboratory" measurements, representative phenomena gatheringtime·scale and space distribution of extreme temperature and pressure conditions. These experiments are ledwith millimetric objects named microshells. Before experimenting them, these microshells are characterizedusing X·rays technics. On the radiographies, one can observe straight gray level variations which are generatedby the phase contrast phenomenon added to x·rays absorption contrast. Information included in this formercontrast is used to sharply determine microshell's edges. The delimiting points of these edges are thenintegrated as input data to compute microshell's surface form defects. A study is also led to determine theoptimized number of radiographies needed for estimating the search defect modes. Measurement uncertainty isfinally evaluated, thus giving a complete microshell's characterization

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Lamy, Francis. "Mesure par méthodes optiques de l'épaisseur et de la rugosité d'une couche de DT solide conformée dans un microballon". Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS056.

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Les expériences de fusion par confinement inertiel nécessitent la réalisation de cibles cryogéniques dont l'élément principal est une couche uniforme et lisse d'isotopes de l'hydrogène (DT) solide à 20 K. L'un des défis de ce programme est de garantir l'uniformité et la rugosité de cette couche tapissant la paroi interne d'un microballon en polymère transparent de deux millimètres de diamètre placé au centre d'une cavité cylindrique en or. Sachant qu'il n'existe pas d'objets possédant les mêmes caractéristiques optiques à température ambiante, ce mémoire étudie et décrit trois approches possibles de caractérisation dans des conditions cryogéniques et sous une seule direction d'observation. La première, l'ombroscopie, consiste à observer le microballon cryogénique à l'aide d'un système optique. L'analyse de l'image obtenue permet de mesurer les caractéristiques de la couche de DT suivant un plan équatorial. Les deux autres techniques sont la tomographie par modulation de cohérence et l'interférométrie en lumière blanche. Elles permettent d'obtenir une mesure de l'épaisseur de la couche solide aux pôles du microballon en exploitant des figures d'interférences obtenues entre une onde lumineuse réfléchie sur un miroir de référence et une autre réfléchie sur les interfaces de la micro sphère. Les performances et les incertitudes des différentes techniques sont analysées
The inertial confinement fusion experiments require cryogenics targets fabrication, which is mainly a smooth uniform solid hydrogen isotopes (DT) layer at 20K. This layer is modelled in a plastic microshell that is placed in a gold cavity. One of the challenges of this program is to guarantee roughness and uniformity of the layer. Similar objects does not exist at ambient temperature. This report presents three methods convenient to characterise this layer in cryogenic conditions, with only one observation direction. The first one, shadowgraphy consists of the observation of the microshell thank to an optical system. The analyse of shadowgraph allows the DT layer characterisation in an equatorial plan. The two others techniques are the optical coherent tomography and the wide band interferometry. These methods provide the measurement of the layer thickness at the poles of microshell. The interference patterns are formed by the interference on two waves. The first one is reflected on a reference mirror, the second one is reflected on the interfaces of the microshell. The performances and uncertainties of the methods are analysed

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Lattaud, Cecile. "Synthesis of low density foam shells for inertial confinement fusion experiments". Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOS033/document.

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Ce travail porte sur le processus de fabrication de microballons en mousse basse densité et le contrôle fin de leur forme (diamètre, épaisseur, densité, sphéricité, non-concentricité). Durant cette thèse nous nous sommes concentrés sur le critère de non-concentricité qui doit être inférieure à 1%. Les microballons sont synthétisés en utilisant un procédé de microencapsulation conduisant à une émulsion double, suivie d'une polymérisation thermique à 60°C. Selon la littérature, trois paramètres majeurs, la densité des trois phases, les déformations du microballon pendant le procédé et la cinétique de polymérisation ont une influence directe sur la non-concentricité des microballons. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que lorsque l'écart de densité entre la phase aqueuse interne et la phase organique augmente, la non-concentricité des microballons TMPTMA s'améliore. Un écart de densité de 0,078 g.cm-3 à 60°C conduit à une non-concentricité moyenne de 2,4% avec un rendement en microballons de 58%. Il a également été montré que la synthèse peut être considérée comme reproductible. Pour une même phase aqueuse interne, les résultats de non-concentricité sont équivalents en utilisant soit un tube droit, un tube à étranglement ou un serpentin court. Le temps requis pour fixer la forme des microballons est d'au moins 20 minutes avec la polymérisation thermique. Ainsi, il semble que le temps passé par les microballons à l'intérieur des bouteilles de réception permet le centrage de la phase aqueuse interne à l'intérieur de la phase organique, quel que soit le processus de circulation précédemment utilisé. Afin d'obtenir des vitesses de polymérisation plus élevées et d'éviter les phénomènes de déstabilisation, nous avons alors concentré notre étude sur la photopolymérisation. Lorsque la synthèse est effectuée en utilisant une lampe UV avec une intensité lumineuse efficace, les microballons ont une épaisseur légèrement supérieure à celle des microballons synthétisés par voie thermique. Par ailleurs, un rendement plus élevé, environ 80%, est obtenu avec la polymérisation UV. Toutefois, la non-concentricité moyenne des microballons synthétisés est environ de 20%, ce qui est vraiment élevé par rapport à la non-concentricité moyenne de 2,4% obtenue par polymérisation thermique. Il serait intéressant d'exposer les microballons à la lumière UV, à différents moments après la collecte afin d'étudier l'influence du temps d'agitation sur la non-concentricité des microballons
This work deals with the fabrication process of low density foam shells and the sharp control of their shape (diameter, thickness, density, sphericity, non-concentricity). During this PhD we focused on the non-concentricity criterion which has to be lower than 1%. The shells are synthesized using a microencapsulation process leading to a double emulsion and followed by a thermal polymerization at 60°C. According to the literature, three major parameters, the density of the three phases, the deformations of the shells along the process and the kinetics of the polymerization have a direct influence on the shells non-concentricity. The results obtained showed that when the density gap between the internal water phase and the organic phase increases, the TMPTMA shells non-concentricity improves. A density gap of 0.078 g.cm-3 at 60°C, leads to an average non-concentricity of 2.4% with a yield of shells of 58%. It was also shown that the synthesis process can be considered as reproducible. While using the same internal water phase, equivalent non-concentricity results are obtained using either a straight tube, a tube with areas of constriction or a short wound tube. The time required to fix the shell’s shape is at least 20 minutes with thermal polymerization. So, it seems that the time spent by the shells inside the rotating flask allows the centering of the internal water phase inside the organic phase, whatever the circulation process used. In order to get higher polymerization rates and to avoid destabilization phenomena, we then focused our study on photopolymerization. When the synthesis is performed using a UV lamp with an efficient light intensity, the shells have a slightly higher thickness than the shells synthesized by thermal polymerization. Moreover, a really higher yield, around 80%, is achieved with UV polymerization. However, the average non-concentricity of the shells synthesized lays around 20%, which is really high compared to the 2.4% average non-concentricity obtained with thermal polymerization. It would be interesting to expose the shells to UV light at different times after collection in order to study the influence of the agitation time on the shells non-concentricity

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CHAUHAN, DEEPIKA. "SILICONE MICROSPHERE FILLED SYNTACTIC FOAM". Thesis, 2016. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/15105.

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Highly damage tolerant hybrid syntactic foams are developed by using polydimethylesiloxane (PDMS) particles to modify the matrix microstructure in syntactic foams. Two different types of glass hollow particles (microballoons) with different densities are used to fabricate the foam samples. In this study, the effect of PDMS particle size (45μm, -200μm) at different volume fractions (3%, 5%, 7%and 10%) is being studied. First the volume content of filler is being optimized. The total volume of fillers is maintained at 40% in plain and hybrid syntactic foams. The plain and hybrid syntactic foams are characterized for mechanical properties. An increase in toughness is observed with the incorporation of PDMS in syntactic foams. The strength of micro balloons plays an important role in determining the fracture mode of plain and hybrid syntactic foams. Silicon microspheres are found to increase the energy absorption under the flexural loading conditions.

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Kumar, Dhirendra. "Study of Deformation and Erosion Behaviour of Epoxy-Glass Microballoon Based Syntactic Foam". Thesis, 2015. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/7143/1/Study_KumarD_2015.pdf.

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The present work is focused on the synthesis and study of the deformation behavior of epoxy resin/glass microballoonbased syntactic foams. Different densities syntactic foams with 0 to 40 volume percentages of glass microballoons were prepared by stir-casting method for the present investigation. The high viscosities of the resin-microballoons mixture (putty like consistency) beyond 40 volume percentage prevents processing of higher microballoon content syntactic foam. The effect of glass microballoon content on tensile, compression, flexural and impact properties were studied in detailes. The results show that specific tensile strengths of the foam was increased by about 34% along with the reduction in density (by about 38%), starting from pure resin to foams with 40% glass microballoon. It is also found that compressive strength of the foam decreases from 140 MPa (for pure resin) to 75 MPa (with 40 vol.% reinforcement). During tensile loading, deformation occurs predominantly through shear yielding of the resin matrix followed by debonding at the matrix-microballoon interface. The crushing of the glass microballoons and subsequent densification of the foams is responsible for large amount of plastic strain during compressive deformation. The erosion behavior of the syntactic foam is also investigated as a function of the different glass microballoons content. Three different erodent velocities (48, 70, 82 m sec-1) and three different angles of impingement (30o, 60o and 90o) are used as experimental parameters in the present investigation. The erosion rate is found to be highest for 40 vol.%reinforcementas compared to pure resin due to presence of larger amount of hollow glass microspheres.

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Libri sul tema "MICROBALLOONS"

Ivanovich, Isakov Alekseĭ, a cura di. Laser thermonuclear targets and superdurable microballoons. Commack, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 1996.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. Humidity effects on soluble core mechanical and thermal properties (polyvinyl alcohol/microballoon composite) type 'CG' endospheres. Biddeford, Maine: Energy Materials Testing Laboratory, 1993.

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Laser Thermonuclear Targets and Superdurable Microballoons: Proceedings of the Lebedev Physics Institute (Laser Thermonuclear Targets & Superdurable Microballoons). Nova Science Publishers, 1996.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "MICROBALLOONS"

Gooch, Jan W. "Microballoons". In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 461. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_7468.

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Hawkins, G. F., James R. Lhota, J. R. Hribar e E. C. Johnson. "Acoustic Emissions from Pressurized Microballoons". In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 989–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2848-7_126.

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Fernandes, Paulo, Melanie Pretzl, Andreas Fery, George Tzvetkov e Rainer Fink. "Novel Characterization Techniques of Microballoons". In Ultrasound Contrast Agents, 109–27. Milano: Springer Milan, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1494-7_9.

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Stigler, Johannes, Martin Lundqvist, Tommy Cedervall, Kenneth Dawson e Iseult Lynch. "Protein Interactions with Microballoons: Consequences for Biocompatibility and Application as Contrast Agents". In Ultrasound Contrast Agents, 53–66. Milano: Springer Milan, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1494-7_5.

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Panigrahi, Pradipta Kumar. "Turbulence Control (Microflap, Microballoon, Microsynthetic Jet)". In Encyclopedia of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 3373–84. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5491-5_1633.

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Panigrahi, Pradipta Kumar. "Turbulence Control (Microflap, Microballoon, Microsynthetic Jet)". In Encyclopedia of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 1–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27758-0_1633-3.

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Mohan, Virender Kumar, e Debesh Bhoi. "Percutaneous Microballoon Compression for Trigeminal Neuralgia". In Handbook of Trigeminal Neuralgia, 151–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2333-1_20.

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Manakari, Vyasaraj, Gururaj Parande, Mrityunjay Doddamani, T. S. Srivatsan e Manoj Gupta. "Tribological Response of Magnesium/Glass Microballoon Syntactic Foams". In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 311–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92567-3_19.

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Dando, Kerrick R., e David R. Salem. "Nano-additive Reinforcement of Thermoplastic Microballoon Epoxy Syntactic Foams". In Proceedings of the 3rd Pan American Materials Congress, 393–402. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52132-9_40.

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Kawashima, Yoshiaki. "Development of Novel Microsphere and Microballoon DDSs by Polymeric Spherical Crystallization". In Spherical Crystallization as a New Platform for Particle Design Engineering, 59–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6786-1_5.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "MICROBALLOONS"

Lin, Tien-Chih, e Nikhil Gupta. "Impact Properties of Syntactic Foams and Effect of Microballoon Wall Thickness". In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13616.

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Hollow particle (microballoon) filled polymeric composites, called syntactic foams, are tested for impact properties in the present work. Izod type pendulum impact testing is carried out on eight types of foams, which are made of four types of microballoons used in volume fractions of 0.5 and 0.6. Variation in the volume fraction of microballoons leads to a difference in the total energy absorbed during fracture of different types of foams. Results show that syntactic foams containing microballoons of lower density show lower impact strength because of the lower strength of these microballoons. An increase in microballoon volume fraction leads to decreased energy absorption and strength.

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Madawela, Raghvan, Zhenyu Ouyang, Gefu Ji, Guoqiang Li e Samuel Ibekwe. "Mechanical Properties of New Hybrid Materials: Metallic Foam Filled With Syntactic Foam". In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57725.

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Syntactic polymer foam has received intensive attention and extensive application due to its remarkable low cost, lightweight, mechanical properties as well as its thermal, acoustic properties for multifunctional purpose. Electrically conductive polymers have the advantages of light weight, resistance to corrosion, good processability, and tunable conductivity. In a recent separated study, we proposed a novel conductive polymer which was based on the metallic foam filled with syntactic polymer foam. In this study, instead of focusing its unique multi-physical properties, we focus on characterizing the mechanical properties of this new conductive syntactic foam. Before the exploration of this new hybrid foam, an understanding of the mechanical properties is quite necessary. To this end, hybrid foams were prepared by varying the volume fractions of microballoons in the syntactic foam and types of microballoon materials: glass and polymer microballoons. The metallic foam adopted in this work was based on aluminum with an average relative density of 7% (the porosity is about 93%). Both compressive and bending tests were conducted. The current test results may provide the valuable baseline and also facilitate the further understanding of this hybrid foams as a core material in the advanced sandwiched pipe/pressure vessel structures featured by lightweight, impact tolerant, self-monitoring, thermal and acoustic insulation, and electromagnetic shielding.

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El-Hadek, Medhat A., e Hareesh V. Tippur. "Dynamic Fracture Behavior of Syntactic Epoxy Foams: Optical Measurements and Analysis". In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/amd-25411.

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Abstract Dynamic fracture behavior of syntactic foams made of thin walled microballoons dispersed in epoxy matrix is studied. Monotonic reduction in dynamic Young’s modulus with increasing volume fraction of microballoons is observed using ultrasonic pulse-echo and density measurements. The measurements are also in good agreement with the Hashin-Shtrikman lower-bound predictions for elastic porous solids. Dynamic crack initiation toughness and crack growth behaviors are examined using instrumented drop-tower tests and optical measurements. Crack initiation toughness measurements show a linear relationship with Young’s modulus over the entire range of volume fraction of microballoons studied. A proposed model based on a simple extension of micro-mechanics prediction agrees well with the measurements. The optical method of Coherent Gradient Sensing (CGS) has been used along with high-speed photography to record crack tip deformation histories in syntactic foam samples subjected to impact loading. Pre- and post-crack initiation events have been successfully captured and apparent dynamic stress intensity factor histories are extracted from the interferograms. Optically measured stress intensity factors at crack initiation and during crack growth also decrease with increasing volume fraction of microballoons. Increasing crack speeds with volume fraction of microballoons has become evident. No significant dependence of dynamic fracture toughness on crack speed is seen in any of the volume fractions studied.

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Bradley, D. K., J. Delettrez, P. A. Jaanimagi, F. J. Marshall, C. P. Verdon, J. D. Kilkenny e P. Bell. "X-Ray Gated Images Of Imploding Microballoons". In 32nd Annual Technical Symposium, a cura di Gary L. Stradling. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.948670.

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Wahab, M. A., V. B. Gorugantu e Nikhil Gupta. "Enhancement of Fracture Toughness of Syntactic Foams by Rubber Addition". In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82423.

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Microballoons (hollow-particles) filled polymeric composites, known as “Syntactic Foams” find extensive applications in aerospace structures, which demand careful study and testing before they can be used effectively in service conditions. Hybrid syntactic foams have been fabricated in this study with rubber reinforcements (2% rubber and 63% microballoons) and characterized for the fracture behavior. The three-point bend test results show that syntactic foams with rubber reinforcements had higher density and fracture toughness than syntactic foams without inclusion of rubber reinforcements. The load displacement curves showed a small plastic deformation region prior to the specimen fracture. Extensive scanning electron microscopy was carried out to understand the origin of the fracture toughness properties and related them to the material microstructure.

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Stampley, Kamissia, Eyassu Woldesenbet e Manu John. "Nanoclay Based Grid Stiffened Syntactic Foam Composites". In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25771.

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In this research work, a novel nanoparticle based syntactic foam was employed to form a grid structure with conventional syntactic foams filled in the bay area. Initially, a big slab of the syntactic foam was fabricated and later on cut into squares. These squares were properly arranged in a mold to have an orthogrid arrangement with empty channels between them. These channels were in turn filled with nanoparticle incorporated syntactic foams and cured. Care was taken to properly orient the squares to attain the desired orthogrid geometry. K46 and S22 type of microballoons with volume fractions of 30% and 60% respectively were used in this study. The volume fraction of nanoclay used in the syntactic foams poured within the channels was 1%. Low velocity impact and flexural tests were conducted on these novel nanoparticle based grid syntactic foams. From the low velocity impact results, it is clear that the nanoclay based grid stiffened syntactic foam with S22 type microballoons in the bay area and K46 type microballoons in the grid channels performed well in terms of the load bearing capacity, elastic energy absorption and damage suppression characteristics. On the other hand, under flexural testing, it was clear that the strain at break values for the S2260K4660-1 configuration was close to that of the K4660S2230–1 configuration.

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Dinbergs, A. E., e D. T. Auckland. "Sheet impedance characteristics for bound thin sheets of metal-coated microballoons". In IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1992 Digest. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.1992.221947.

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Yoon, Sang-Hee, Vimalier Reyes-Ortiz e Mohammad R. K. Mofrad. "MEMS-Based Microballoons Achieving Multidirectional Large-Strain for Cell Mechanics Studies". In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206853.

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The influence of mechanical stresses on cells has been a topic of special interest [1]. Attention is being focused on the cell-to-cell and cell-to-surrounding interactions and the mechanical stimuli that could be directly linked with functional adaption and pathological conditions of each cell or cluster of cells [2]. The aim of this research is to understand the biomechanical roles of cellular junctions on epithelial cells, exposed to a large multidirectional and uniform strain, using a microballoon (MB) platform. Quantitative measurement on strain values can be used to determine the necessary strains at which intercellular and cell-to-substrate connections are disassembled. This will provide information for characterizing cell-to-cell and cell-to-substrate adhesions during biological development and/or diseases.

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Mylavarapu, Phani, Guoqiang Li, Nikhil Gupta, Rahul Maharsia e Eyassu Woldesenbet. "Ultrasonic Signal Attenuation in Syntactic Foams Filled With Rubber Particles". In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59375.

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Ultrasonic imaging is a non-destructive evaluation technique, which is used to obtain density profile, phase distribution and three-dimensional profiles of cracks and defects in a material. Although this technique is used for a variety of metals and non-metals, it is difficult to use it for testing of porous materials and foams due to high attenuation of ultrasonic waves in these materials. Syntactic foams are hollow particle filled composites that have recently emerged as attractive material for use in applications requiring low weight, low moisture absorption and high insulation properties. The present paper focuses on determining the attenuation coefficient in syntactic foams and its correlation with porosity distribution. Eight types of foam samples are tested in the study. A combination of four types of microballoons and two types of rubber particles is used. Volume fractions of microballoons and rubber particles are maintained at 0.63 and 0.02, respectively, in all samples. Pulse Echo ultrasonic test method is used and results are compared to determine the effect of constituent particles on the ultrasound signal attenuation. Coefficient of attenuation is observed to increase with decrease in density of foam samples and with decrease in size of rubber particles.

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Gupta, Nikhil, e Eyassu Woldesenbet. "Deformation and Fracture Characteristics of Cenosphere Filled Epoxies Under Compressive Loading Conditions". In ASME 2001 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2001-17022.

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Abstract Close cell structured foams are made by incorporation of cenospheres in polymeric materials. Low moisture absorption characteristics and considerably higher compressive strength of these materials compared to open cell structured foams make them suitable for use as core materials in sandwich structured materials. Incorporation of cenospheres in the epoxy resins enhances their impact strength and damage tolerance, especially if these materials are used in sandwich configurations. Present study analyzes and compares the effect of incorporation of cenospheres like flyash and glass microballoons in the epoxy resins on the deformation and fracture behavior of the material. Approach based on determination of local stress intensity factors is used to obtain estimate of the stresses in the material.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "MICROBALLOONS"

Simpson, R., e F. Helm. The shock Hugoniot of glass microballoons. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/86942.

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Hartman, E. Frederick, Thomas Andrew Zarick, Timothy J. Sheridan e Eric F. Preston. Prompt radiation-induced conductivity in polyurethane foam and glass microballoons. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1200673.

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Keller, Jennie. Literature Review: An Overview of Epoxy Resin Syntactic Foams with Glass Microballoons. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1123771.

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Chang, D. J., J. P. Nokes e F. Hai. Stress Measurement Technique Using Microballoons with Carbon Fibers Embedded in an RTV Film,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, giugno 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada326263.

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Hooper, C. F. Jr. [Time resolved plasma spectroscopy of imploded gas-filled microballoons: The next generation]. Final technical report, 17 April 1995--30 September 1997. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/663263.

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He, M. Y., e F. W. Zok. On the Mechanics of Microballoon-Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, aprile 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada277928.

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Keller, Jennie, Zachary Smith, Mollie Bello e Nikolaus Lynn Cordes. Plackett-Burman Analysis of Glass Microballoon Filled Syntactic Foams. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1150667.

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Brown, Judith Alice, e Kevin Nicholas Long. Exemplar for simulation challenges: Large-deformation micromechanics of Sylgard 184/glass microballoon syntactic foams. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maggio 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1436920.

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Brown, Judith Alice, e Kevin Nicholas Long. Modeling the Effect of Glass Microballoon (GMB) Volume Fraction on Behavior of Sylgard/GMB Composites. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maggio 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1367414.

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