Bibliografie tematiche / Microbiological screening

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Microbiological screening"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 5 ottobre 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Microbiological screening"

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Dow. "'Noise' in microbiological screening assays." Transfusion Medicine 10, no. 2 (2000): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3148.2000.00248.x.

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Barbara, John A. J., and Marcela Contreras. "7 Microbiological screening of blood donations." Baillière's Clinical Haematology 3, no. 2 (1990): 339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-3536(05)80054-x.

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Petrovic, Jelena, Brankica Kartalovic, Radomir Ratajac, et al. "Detection of enrofloxacine residues by microbiological screening method." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 35, no. 1 (2019): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1901049p.

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The usage of microbiological screening tests is widespread in control of presence of antimicrobial drug residues in meat samples. Screening tests must be capable to detect antimicrobial drug residue of interest and detection limits must comply with MRL (Maximum Residue Limit). The aim of this study was to examine the performance of a microbiological screening test with E. coli as test microorganism: capability of detecting enrofloxacina and it?s main metabolite ciprofloxacine at MRL levels in both fortified and incurred chicken tissue samples. Detection limits of microbiological screening test
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Prax, Marcel, Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding, and Oleg Krut. "Microbiological Screening of Platelet Concentrates in Europe." Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy 46, no. 2 (2019): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000499349.

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Kochansky, Jan, Mark F. Feldlaufer, and I. Barton Smith. "Microbiological screening assay for tylosin in pollen." Journal of Apicultural Research 45, no. 2 (2006): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2006.11101323.

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Stray-Pedersen, Babill, J. Biørnstad, Liv Kristiansen, et al. "Induced abortion: Microbiological screening and medical complications." Infection 19, no. 5 (1991): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01645352.

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Pawlak, Maria, Katarzyna Lewtak, and Aneta Nitsch-Osuch. "Effectiveness of Antiepidemic Measures Aimed to Reduce Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in the Hospital Environment." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2022 (April 26, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9299258.

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Purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hospital-based antiepidemic measures aimed at limiting the spread of symptomatic infections and colonization with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), mainly NDM-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, with particular emphasis on microbiological screening tests. Methods. This retrospective study was based on data from 168 hospitals under the supervision of the Provincial Sanitary and Epidemiological Station in Warsaw, Poland, in 2016–2017. Analysis of the effectiveness of antiepidemic procedures focused on the type of
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Tannus, Hugo, F. Mendonca-Filho, Daniel A. Vieira, et al. "CYTOKINE PROFILE AND MICROBIOLOGICAL SCREENING IN POSTOPERATIVE SEPSIS." Critical Care Medicine 32, Supplement (2004): A150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200412001-00535.

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Fitch, Marjorie E., A. Reed Mangels, Wendy A. Altmann, Mohammed El Hawary, Asaf A. Qureshi, and Charles E. Elson. "Microbiological screening of mevalonate-suppressive minor plant constituents." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 37, no. 3 (1989): 687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00087a024.

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Van Der Zee, Henk, and Jos H. J. Huis In T Veld. "Rapid and Alternative Screening Methods for Microbiological Analysis." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 80, no. 4 (1997): 934–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/80.4.934.

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Abstract Automated analytical instruments for enumerating indicator organisms and diagnostic test kits for pathogens can be used in food microbiology to screen samples and to replace conventional cultural and confirmation steps. Such methods are now available for rapid detection or estimation of groups of (indicator) organisms, pathogenic microorganisms, bacterial toxins and mycotoxins, and molds. These alternative methods can be classified by the principles on which they are based: modified conventional methods, instrumental measurement of bacterial metabolism, bioluminescence, immunological
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Tesi sul tema "Microbiological screening"

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Vasou, Andri. "Development of a novel cell-based screening platform to identify inhibitors of viral interferon antagonists from clinically important viruses." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8266.

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All viruses encode for at least one viral interferon (IFN) antagonist, which is used to subvert the cellular IFN response, a powerful antiviral innate immune response. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that IFN antagonism is crucial for virus survival, suggesting that viral IFN antagonists could represent promising therapeutic targets. This study focuses on Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), an important human pathogen for which there is no vaccine or virus-specific antiviral drug. RSV encodes two IFN antagonists NS1 and NS2, which play a critical role in RSV replication
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Rizzotto, Francesco. "Approches innovantes pour la préservation et la sécurité des aliments : développement de l'emballage actif et dépistage microbiologique avancé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB036.

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La conservation et la sécurité des aliments font partie des préoccupations majeures du secteur agroalimentaire. Le gaspillage alimentaire, dû à la détérioration et à la contamination microbienne, a un fort impact économique. De plus, les agents pathogènes d'origine alimentaire posent un risque sérieux pour la santé des consommateurs. Les techniques conventionnelles de conservation des aliments et d'analyse microbienne présentent des limites qui nécessitent d'innovation. Cette thèse a pour objectif de développer des solutions pratiques et durables pour améliorer la qualité et la sécurité des al
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De, Pascali Alessandra Mistral <1993&gt. "Leishmaniasis in the immunocompromised population: evaluation of strategies for screening and monitoring." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10004/1/Thesis%20PhDfinal.pdf.

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Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by an intracellular parasite of the genus Leishmania. The clinical features of leishmaniasis include a wide range of manifestation from asymptomatic infections to different levels of disease severity. In most cases individuals do not develop clinical symptoms, but Leishmania parasites can persist lifelong in the host after an acute infection and easily reactivate under immunosuppressive conditions, causing severe disease with high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to identify Leishmania infection in selected groups of immunocompromised
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Churro, Catarina Isabel Prata Pereira Leitão. "Natural algicides against harmful microalgae: screening the bacillamide potential as a prevention tool for cyanobacteria blooms." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/755.

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Mestrado em Microbiologia<br>O desenvolvimento de florescências de microalgas e de cianobactérias em ambientes aquáticos, marinhos e de água doce, pode ter consequências nefastas para os ecossistemas e para a saúde animal e humana. A prevenção e o combate à formação destas florescências envolve frequentemente a aplicação de agentes químicos com propriedades algicidas. Contudo, estes agentes são, na sua generalidade, inespecíficos, actuando não apenas sobre os organismos alvo mas também sobre a restante comunidade fitoplanctónica. A bacillamida é um composto natural recentemente isolado
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Santos, Cátia Raquel Talhas. "Screening of class 1 integrons in clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/8919.

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Mestrado em Microbiologia Molecular<br>Actualmente, é cada vez mais frequente a associação de bactérias oportunistas e comensais resistentes a antibióticos com infecções nosocomiais. Este problema clínico tornou-se preocupante e deve-se ao uso indiscriminado de antibióticos. Perante esta pressão selectiva, as bactérias desenvolvem diferentes mecanismos de resistência a estes compostos. A presença de estruturas capazes de transportar genes de resistência, designadas por integrões, que contribuem para a disseminação destes genes bem como a sua associação com o perfil de resistência de ba
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Lopes, Érica de Oliveira [UNESP]. "Screening da atividade antiproliferativa e investigação toxicológica in vitro e in vivo de compostos de coordenação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132630.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-13T13:27:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-08-07. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-01-13T13:32:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000856194.pdf: 1439281 bytes, checksum: 5fe9509ffb73bb1a03c287f13ce29f09 (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>O câncer é um conjunto de doenças que têm em comum o crescimento celular desordenado que invade os tecidos e órgãos, podendo espalhar-se para outras regiões do corpo (metástase). Uma série de mudanças genéticas e epigenéticas, que são associadas ao DNA que influencia
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Lopes, Érica de Oliveira. "Screening da atividade antiproliferativa e investigação toxicológica in vitro e in vivo de compostos de coordenação /." Araraquara, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132630.

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Orientador: Fernando Rogério Pavan<br>Banca: Victor Marcelo Deflon<br>Banca: Rosilene Fressatti Cardoso<br>Resumo: O câncer é um conjunto de doenças que têm em comum o crescimento celular desordenado que invade os tecidos e órgãos, podendo espalhar-se para outras regiões do corpo (metástase). Uma série de mudanças genéticas e epigenéticas, que são associadas ao DNA que influenciam a expressão genética, ocasionam o câncer. Nas últimas décadas, o câncer ganhou uma dimensão maior convertendo-se em um evidente problema de saúde pública mundial, sendo uma das principais causas de morte no mundo. O
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MELO, Liany Figuerêdo de Andrade. "Screening farmacológico e diversidade bacteriana do muco de Palythoa caribaeorum (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) da praia de Porto de Galinhas-PE, Brasil." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2017. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/27694.

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Submitted by Pedro Barros (pedro.silvabarros@ufpe.br) on 2018-10-05T21:52:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE Liany Figuerêdo de Andrade Melo.pdf: 5680979 bytes, checksum: 26509ea8aef8d1d77265831744059bb7 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Alice Araujo (alice.caraujo@ufpe.br) on 2018-11-22T19:01:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE Liany Figuerêdo de Andrade Melo.pdf: 5680979 bytes, checksum: 26509ea8aef8d1d77265831744059bb7 (MD5)<br>Made available
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GUIDESI, ELENA. "Approccio integrato alla selezione di nuovi probiotici per l'applicazione nell'uomo." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/10796.

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Durante la mia tesi di dottorato ho selezionato nuovi potenziali ceppi probiotici, combinando l'approccio convenzionale con l’utilizzo di piattaforme di nuova concezione. Mi sono concentrata inizialmente sul cosiddetto "screening tradizionale" finalizzato all'isolamento di nuovi ceppi batterici di lattobacilli e bifidobatteri e alla valutazione della loro sicurezza per il consumo umano e della loro efficacia. I ceppi selezionati sono stati quindi sottoposti ad uno screening più specifico, a seconda dell'applicazione a cui sarebbero stati destinati. In questa fase sono stati utilizzati sia test
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GUIDESI, ELENA. "Approccio integrato alla selezione di nuovi probiotici per l'applicazione nell'uomo." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/10796.

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Abstract (sommario):
Durante la mia tesi di dottorato ho selezionato nuovi potenziali ceppi probiotici, combinando l'approccio convenzionale con l’utilizzo di piattaforme di nuova concezione. Mi sono concentrata inizialmente sul cosiddetto "screening tradizionale" finalizzato all'isolamento di nuovi ceppi batterici di lattobacilli e bifidobatteri e alla valutazione della loro sicurezza per il consumo umano e della loro efficacia. I ceppi selezionati sono stati quindi sottoposti ad uno screening più specifico, a seconda dell'applicazione a cui sarebbero stati destinati. In questa fase sono stati utilizzati sia test
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Libri sul tema "Microbiological screening"

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Wilson, A. P. R. Microbiological surveillance in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0281.

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Patients in the ICU are at high risk of acquiring multiresistant pathogens. Surveillance quickly identifies outbreaks and promotes antimicrobial stewardship. Catheter-related bacteraemia is often used as a performance measure and intervention using a package of preventative measures can be very successful. Ventilator-associated pneumonia in contrast can be difficult to define accurately. Water sources should be monitored. Pseudomonas aeruginosa may become established in taps and cause invasive infections especially in neonates. Screening of nasal swabs for MRSA followed by topical suppression
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Microbiological screening of the indoor air quality in the Polk County Administration building: Project summary. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 1995.

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Provan, Drew, Trevor Baglin, Inderjeet Dokal, Johannes de Vos, and Hassan Al-Sader. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199683307.003.0009.

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Haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) - Indications for haemopoietic SCT - Allogeneic SCT - Autologous STC - Investigations for BMT/PBSCT - Pretransplant investigation of donors - Bone marrow harvesting - Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization and harvesting - Microbiological screening for stem cell cryopreservation - Stem cell transplant conditioning regimens - Infusion of cryopreserved stem cells - Infusion of fresh non-cryopreserved stem cells - Blood product support for SCT - Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis - Acute GvHD - Chronic GvHD - Veno-occlusive disease (syn. sin
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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Microbiological screening"

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Wagner-Döbler, I., R. Erb, P. Rapp, et al. "On Site Assessment of Microbiological Diversity and Activity." In Field Screening Europe. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1473-5_51.

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Trautmann, M., and P. M. Lepper. "Microbiological Findings and Antiinfective Treatment Strategies." In Immunological Screening and Immunotherapy in Critically ill Patients with Abdominal Infections. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59455-7_3.

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Leoni, Livia, and Paolo Landini. "Microbiological Methods for Target-Oriented Screening of Biofilm Inhibitors." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0467-9_12.

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Falasconi, M., E. Comini, I. Concina, V. Sberveglieri, and E. Gobbi. "Electronic Nose and Its Application to Microbiological Food Spoilage Screening." In Sensing Technology: Current Status and Future Trends II. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02315-1_6.

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Gilbert, Peter, and Michael R. W. Brown. "Screening for Novel Antimicrobial Activity/Compounds in the Pharmaceutical Industry." In Microbiological Quality Assurance. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351074551-16.

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Lappin-Scott, Hilary M., Jana Jass, and J. William Costerton. "Screening for Novel Compounds/Activity in the Environmental Protection Industries." In Microbiological Quality Assurance. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351074551-17.

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MARTINEZ, OCTAVIO V. "MICROBIOLOGICAL SCREENING OF CADAVER DONORS AND TISSUES FOR TRANSPLANTATION." In Advances in Tissue Banking. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812796646_0005.

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Arunachalam, Kannappan, and Chunlei Shi. "Developments in rapid detection/high throughput screening techniques for identifying pathogens in food." In Advances in ensuring the microbiological safety of fresh produce. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2023.0121.08.

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For reasons of food safety and quality assurance, rapid identification of pathogens causing spoilage and infections in food matrices is essential. Conventional approaches include enrichment of microbial pathogens in a range of non-selective and pathogen-specific selective media, followed by biochemical and phenotypic identification. In conventional culturing techniques, time-dependent detection is a major obstacle when it comes to delicate foods such as fish, dairy products and fresh produce. To overcome the limits of conventional approaches, numerous detection technologies such as molecular-, spectroscopy- and spectrometry-based methods, as well as optical phenotyping and biosensor methods are now available. This chapter provides an overview of the principles, mechanisms and applications of new and emerging technologies for microbial identification in food systems. It also provides researchers in the field of food safety and quality assurance with the known advantages and limitations of available rapid detection techniques for identifying pathogens in foods.
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Dean, Gillian, and Jonathan Ross. "Pelvic inflammatory disease." In Oxford Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, edited by Sabaratnam Arulkumaran, William Ledger, Lynette Denny, and Stergios Doumouchtsis. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766360.003.0043.

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Pelvic inflammatory disease is a sexually transmitted infection of the female upper genital tract. Rates of pelvic inflammatory disease have fallen in many countries over the last 10 years, at least in part due to increased screening for chlamydial infection. The clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic infection through to severe disease requiring hospitalization. Due to the non-specific nature of the condition, diagnosis can be challenging. All sexually active women presenting with acute lower abdominal pain should have a pregnancy test to rule out ectopic pregnancy. Treatment must be initiated as soon as the diagnosis is suspected and include antibiotics covering a broad spectrum of pathogens. Delay in diagnosis increases the risk of adverse sequelae including ectopic pregnancy and infertility. It is recommended that current and recent sexual partners receive empirical treatment, regardless of symptoms or microbiological results, and refrain from sexual contact until completion of therapy. Through better public understanding of the symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease, women seeking earlier medical attention may reduce the risk of reproductive damage.
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Diniz, Roseane Costa, Luís Cláudio Nascimento da Silva, Marilene Mendes Costa, Fábio Augusto Siqueira dos Santos, and Luan Victor Pereira de Sousa. "Selection of Staphylococcus aureus DNA replication inhibitors." In Themes focused on interdisciplinarity and sustainable development worldwide V. 02. Seven Editora, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.003-050.

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Introduction: S. aureus is an important pathogen that causes nosocomial infections, food poisoning by release of enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome through the injection of super antigens into the bloodstream. The β-clamp protein of S. aureus is a process-promoting factor for most enzymes in prokaryotic DNA replication and its dimerization is essential for the deleterious action of the pathogen. Objective: In this work, we report the application of the double hybrid system to select β-clamp dimerization inhibitors of S. aureus from Caatinga plant extracts, especially Buchenavia tetraphylla. Material and Methods: (1) preparation of organic extracts of Buchenavia tetraphylla was prepared as previously reported (2) The β-clamp-β-clamp interaction was evaluated using a hybrid double bacterial system (BTH), based on the reconstitution of the activity of the enzyme adenylate cyclase (cya) from Bordetella pertussis and cloned in Escherichia coli. (3) The antimicrobial activity of active extracts was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against S. aureus 8325-4 (4) To identify compounds potentially responsible for the activity, the active extracts were subjected to a non-segmented analysis by LC-MS/Q-TOF (5) The in silico studies were carried out by searching for the ligand structures, construction and validation of the 3D model of the β-clamp and molecular docking between ligands and protein target of S. aureus and the human CYP3A4 hepatic system. Results and Discussion: There was a high interaction (in the order of 4,800 kcal/mol) between buchenavianine and analogues with β-clamp with no significant difference between them. On the other hand, the interaction between buchenavianine and human CYP3A4 analogues was (of the order of 2,200 kcal/mol) following the same principles of electronegativity of the elements. The purpose of this analysis is to understand how the β-clamp protein interacts with the main human liver metabolization protein. The interaction between buchenavianine and human CYP3A4 analogues was 2 times lower than buchenavianine and S. aureus β-clamp analogues, and this shows that between the two targets studied here (S. aureus β-clamp and human CYP3A4) the ligands will be preferentially attracted to the S. aureus β-clamp, which ratifies them as viable inhibitors of the S. aureus DNA replication process. Conclusion: The combination of microbiological, chemical and computational resources allowed to indicate molecules present in the plant extract capable of interacting with the β-clamp of S. aureus. The approach presented here promotes a rational biochemical screening for ligand selection with better possibilities for subsequent bench tests, saving financial resources and optimizing results in drug research and development.
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Atti di convegni sul tema "Microbiological screening"

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Sousa, Matheus Henrique Oliveira de, Gilvan de Oliveira Costa Dias, and Joselene Ribeiro de Jesus Santos. "Phytochemical prospecting, identification and evaluation of the microbiological activity of secondary metabolites of Annona mucosa Jacq." In V Seven International Multidisciplinary Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevenvmulti2024-049.

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The present work describes the results obtained for the phytochemical and microbiological studies of the 70% hydroethanolic extract, its fractions and metabolites isolated from the leaves of Biribazeiro ( Annona mucosa Jacq.). Initially, the hydroethanolic extract (70%) of the vegetable leaves was prepared and a phytochemical screening was carried out in search of the secondary metabolites of study. The tests confirmed the presence of tannins, flavonols, flavanones, flavanonols, xanthones, leucoanthocyanidins, anthocyanidins, free steroids,
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Pollmann, Kathrin, Natascha Köstlin-Gille, Bernhard Beedgen, and Christian Gille. "Reduction in sepsis rate in very low birth weight infants after introduction of microbiological screening measures." In Abstracts zur 49. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft fär Neonatologie und Pädiatrische Intensivmedizin (GNPI). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1769235.

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Mota, Ana Cristina, Matheus Henrique Oliveira de Sousa, Gilvan de Oliveira Costa Dias, and Joselene Ribeiro de Jesus Santos. "Phytochemical study and biological activity of the bark of the plant species araticum bravo (Annona tomentosa RE Fr.)." In V Seven International Multidisciplinary Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevenvmulti2024-050.

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Annona tomentosa RE Fr. (Annonaceae), known in Brazil as Araticum-bravo or Araticum de moita, is a small tree found throughout Brazilian territory, mainly in coastal areas, its distribution is discontinuous, appearing in open fields, in savanna of shrub trees and in the cerradão, where the vegetation is denser. All parts of this vegetable are used in folk medicine, it has been used mainly to combat diarrhea, stomatitis, headache, neuralgia, boils, ulcers and to eradicate lice as well as anti-rheumatic. Based on data obtained by bibliographical survey, this work sought information of a chemical
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Ferdes, Mariana, and Rodica Roxana Constantinescu. "Isolation and characterization of fungal and bacterial proteolytic strains from chrome shavings." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.ii.9.

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Abstract (sommario):
The chrome shavings waste obtained as a result of the leather finishing process accumulates in a large volume in tanneries and represent a major problem for the environment. This waste are particularly resistant to attack of microorganisms, due to the significant concentration of chromium and are thus difficult to degrade. In this study, chrome shavings were analyzed microbiologically by determining the total number of germs and the number of yeasts and molds on specific culture media. Several bacterial and fungal strains were isolated from the cultures in Petri dishes, after the growth of the
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