Articoli di riviste: "MIMO systems"

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Akhilseh, Kumar Verma, Manish, and Rajesh Kumar Dr. "OVERVIEW OF RF COMMUNICATION FROM SISO SYSTEMS TO MIMO SYSTEMS." International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Scientific Research 3, no. 3 (July 30, 2016): 13–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10752074.

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Abstract:  The wireless communication has derived to the present scenario after passing through number of stages and generation. From analog communication of 1st generation today we talk about digital communication in 4th generation, from the generation of single transmitting antenna and single receive antenna known as SISO systems, we reached the systems with multiple transmitting and multiple receiving antennas known as MIMO systems going through the systems of Multiple Transmit and single receive antenna systems known as MISO systems and Single transmit and multiple receive systems known as SIMO systems. This paper will present a study of generation from SISO systems to MIMO systems for digital communication under the research work going at Banasthali University, Rajsthan, India.Index terms- MIMO, SISO, SIMO, MISO, MMSE, ZFE.

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Joshi, Dr Shreedhar A. "Multi-User MIMO Systems." Bonfring International Journal of Software Engineering and Soft Computing 6, Special Issue (October 31, 2016): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/bijsesc.8275.

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Swapna, Sonti. "Channel Estimation for MIMO Systems." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.39776.

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Abstract: A combination of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technologies can be employed in modern wireless communication systems to achieve high data rates and improved spectrum efficiency. For multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, this paper provides a Rayleigh fading channel estimation technique based on pilot carriers. The channel is estimated using traditional Least Square (LS) and Minimum Mean Square (MMSE) estimation techniques. The MIMO-OFDM system's performance is measured using the Bit Error Rate (BER) and Mean Square Error (MSE) levels. Keywords: MIMO, MMSE, Channel estimation, BER, OFDM

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Akhilseh, Kumar Verma, Manish, and Rajesh Kumar Dr. "EQUALIZATION SCHEMES IN MIMO RF COMMUNICATION: A PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS." International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Scientific Research 3, no. 3 (July 30, 2016): 44–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10752554.

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Abstract:  The wireless communication has derived to the present scenario after passing through number of stages and generation. From analog communication of 1st generation today we talk about digital communication in 4th generation, from the generation of single transmitting antenna and single receive antenna known as SISO systems, we reached the systems with multiple transmitting and multiple receiving antennas known as MIMO systems going through the systems of Multiple Transmit and single receive antenna systems known as MISO systems and Single transmit and multiple receive systems known as SIMO systems. This paper will present a study of generation from SISO systems to MIMO systems for digital communication under the research work going at Banasthali University, Rajsthan, India. Index terms- MIMO, SISO, SIMO, MISO, MMSE, ZFE.

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Akhilseh, Kumar Verma, Manish, and Rajesh Kumar Dr. "ZFE AND MMSE SCHEMES FOR MIMO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS : AN ANALYSIS." International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Scientific Research 3, no. 3 (July 30, 2016): 37–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10752418.

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Abstract:  MIMO systems are very important technological advancements with respect to the third generation and fourth generation’s wireless networks for RF communication. There are multiple equalization schemes for MIMO systems and two very important of them are ZFE and MMSE. In this paper we are analyzing the performance of both the schemes in different conditions. Index terms- MIMO, SISO, SIMO, MISO, MMSE, ZFE.

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Remlein, Piotr. "Multiuser cpm transmission for mimo systems." Image Processing & Communications 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10248-012-0093-0.

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Abstract Frequency-Division Multiplexed Continuous Phase Modulation (FDM-CPM) systems with Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transmission are investigated. In this paper, a multiuser reception scheme for CPM MIMO transmission is presented. The analyzed system is designed to achieve high spectral efficiency by exploiting the multiplexing gain of MIMO techniques. To take advantage of the multiplexing gain of MIMO systems, a Zero Forcing (ZF) MIMO detector and a low-complexity iterative algorithm for Inter- Carrier Interference (ICI) cancellation are considered. Numerical simulations have been performed to assess the performance improvement achieved with the proposed frequency-division multiplexed CPM multiuser MIMO system

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Kumar Sarangi, Ashish, Amrit Mukherjee, and Amlan Datta. "Capacity comparison of MIMO and cooperative MIMO." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.1 (December 21, 2017): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.1.10794.

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To achieve high capacity and high data rates is the main requirement for today’s generation. This paper studies about the performance and capacity comparison of MIMO and cooperative MIMO systems. The comparison of capacity between multiple- input- multiple- output (MIMO) and cooperative MIMO systems helps us to know that which system have better performance and better capacity. The simulation results shows that among SISO, SIMO, MISO and MIMO system the capacity of MIMO will be better but in between MIMO and cooperative MIMO, Cooperative MIMO system have high capacity than MIMO systems.

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Mohammed A. Ali, Musaab, and Volodymyr Vodichev. "MODELING OF MIMO SYSTEMS WITH UNIVERSAL CONTROLLER." ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS 37, no. 113 (June 30, 2023): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/eltecs.37.113.2023.03.

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Abstract. The control of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems poses significant challenges due to the intricate dynamics and interactions between multiple input and output channels. This paper presents a simulation study on MIMO systems control using the universal control technique. The proposed method offers a versatile framework for regulating MIMO systems with varying dynamics, utilizing a single control algorithm. The underlying concept of the universal control law is to devise a set of principles or strategies that can be universally applied to any system, regardless of its specific characteristics or parameters. To achieve this, the control algorithm is designed based on the derivatives balance of the system's input-output dynamics, granting the controller adaptability to both single-input single-output (SISO) and MIMO systems. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, involving a MIMO system comprising four inputs in a two-coupled distillation column process and two inputs in a twin rotor setup. The challenges associated with distillation column control, such as nonlinearity, disturbances, and interaction between multiple inputs and outputs, are considered. Twin rotor systems, consisting of two interconnected rotors, pose unique control difficulties, primarily arising from the coupling between the two rotors and their nonlinear behavior. The simulation results show the capability of the proposed universal controller to achieve precise and robust control over the MIMO system. Keywords: MIMO, Control, Simulation, Distillation Column Process, Twin Rotor.

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9

Zhang, Donghui. "Signal Processing Methods in MIMO Communication Systems." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 124 (February 18, 2025): 326–31. https://doi.org/10.54097/dy7y1t24.

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This paper delves into the latest advancements and hurdles in Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) technology, particularly in the realm of 5G and future networks. Initially, it examines the fusion of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) with MIMO, emphasizing its crucial role in user grouping, beam steering, and power distribution strategies. Subsequently, the research explores progress in massive MIMO systems, concentrating on signal processing methods that improve spectral efficiency and system performance in sparse scattering contexts. The paper also reviews sophisticated signal processing approaches for millimeter-wave (mmWave) MIMO systems, with a particular focus on techniques like compressed sensing, which tackle the challenges associated with high-frequency bands and extensive antenna arrays. Furthermore, it investigates MIMO signal processing within Mode-Division Multiplexing (MDM) systems, suggesting an adaptive frequency-domain equalization combined with chromatic dispersion compensation to enhance performance. The discussion extends to Extremely Large-Scale MIMO (XL-MIMO) technology for 6G networks, highlighting the significance of deep learning in signal processing tasks. In conclusion, the paper summarizes the benefits of MIMO-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems, emphasizing their pivotal role in shaping the future landscape of wireless communications.

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Hwang, Inho, Han Park, and Jeong Lee. "LDPC Coded Massive MIMO Systems." Entropy 21, no. 3 (February 27, 2019): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21030231.

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We design a coded massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system using low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and iterative joint detection and decoding (JDD) algorithm employing a low complexity detection. We introduce the factor graph representation of the LDPC coded massive MIMO system, based on which the message updating rule in the JDD is defined. We devise a tool for analyzing extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) characteristics of messages flowing in the JDD and the three-dimensional (3-D) EXIT chart provides a visualization of the JDD behavior. Based on the proposed 3-D EXIT analysis, we design jointly the degree distribution of irregular LDPC codes and the JDD strategy for the coded massive MIMO system. The JDD strategy was determined to achieve a higher error correction capability with a given amount of computational complexity. It was observed that the coded massive MIMO system equipped with the proposed LDPC codes and the proposed JDD strategy has lower bit error rate than conventional LDPC coded massive MIMO systems.

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Hemrungrote, Sirichai, Toshikazu Hori, Mitoshi Fujimoto, and Kentaro Nishimori. "Channel Capacity Evaluation for Urban MIMO Systems Using Path Visibility." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 9, no. 1 (July 9, 2010): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.201191.172335.

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Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) and Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO) systems are expected to improve the channel capacity over the limited bandwidth of existing wireless communication networks. The effects on the channel capacity characteristics of Single-User MIMO (SU-MIMO) systems in urban scenarios have been previously studied. In this paper, we first clarify that the larger number of antennas cannot contribute the improvement in the channel capacity in urban SU-MIMO scenarios due to the very high spatial correlation. Next, we focus on the MU-MIMO transmission because it can discriminate multiple users by the difference of Angle of Arrival (AOA). We compare the Multi Access Channel (MAC) capacity in the uplink to the capacity in SU-MIMO by considering the same total numbers of transmitting and receiving antennas between SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO. When the same numbers of the antenna elements are used, the better performance is obtained by urban MU-MIMO systems, unlike in the identical independent distributed (iid) scenarios which are generally assumed in MIMO transmission. Finally, the parameter called path visibility introduced in our previous study is playing an important role once again. It is de¯ned as the probability that the direct wave can be received at the receiving antenna and has been used to determine the channel capacity characteristics and provide guidance in determining the appropriate range for the base station (BS) installation in urban SU-MIMO scenarios. In this study, we clarify that only this single parameter, path visibility, can also be used to determine the improvement in the channel capacity by MU-MIMO in urban scenarios, while both of SNR and spatial correlation must be considered as the indicative parameters on the performance of SU/MU-MIMO in conventional studies.

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Harkat, Houda, Paulo Monteiro, Atilio Gameiro, Fernando Guiomar, and Hasmath Farhana Thariq Ahmed. "A Survey on MIMO-OFDM Systems: Review of Recent Trends." Signals 3, no. 2 (June 2, 2022): 359–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/signals3020023.

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MIMO-OFDM is a key technology and a strong candidate for 5G telecommunication systems. In the literature, there is no convenient survey study that rounds up all the necessary points to be investigated concerning such systems. The current deeper review paper inspects and interprets the state of the art and addresses several research axes related to MIMO-OFDM systems. Two topics have received special attention: MIMO waveforms and MIMO-OFDM channel estimation. The existing MIMO hardware and software innovations, in addition to the MIMO-OFDM equalization techniques, are discussed concisely. In the literature, only a few authors have discussed the MIMO channel estimation and modeling problems for a variety of MIMO systems. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been until now no review paper specifically discussing the recent works concerning channel estimation and the equalization process for MIMO-OFDM systems. Hence, the current work focuses on analyzing the recently used algorithms in the field, which could be a rich reference for researchers. Moreover, some research perspectives are identified.

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Liu, Kai, Fanwei Meng, Shengya Meng, and Chonghui Wang. "Robust Controller Design for Multi-Input Multi-Output Systems Using Coefficient Diagram Method." Entropy 23, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 1180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23091180.

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The coupling between variables in the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems brings difficulties to the design of the controller. Aiming at this problem, this paper combines the particle swarm optimization (PSO) with the coefficient diagram method (CDM) and proposes a robust controller design strategy for the MIMO systems. The decoupling problem is transformed into a compensator parameter optimization problem, and PSO optimizes the compensator parameters to reduce the coupling effect in the MIMO systems. For the MIMO system with measurement noise, the effectiveness of CDM in processing measurement noise is analyzed. This paper gives the control design steps of the MIMO systems. Finally, simulation experiments of four typical MIMO systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Khan, Muhammad Abbas, Abdullah G. Al Harbi, Saad Hassan Kiani, Anis Nurashikin Bt Nordin, Mehr E. Munir, Sohail Imran Saeed, Javed Iqbal, Esraa Mousa Ali, Mohammad Alibakhshikenari, and Mariana Dalarsson. "mmWave Four-Element MIMO Antenna for Future 5G Systems." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (April 23, 2022): 4280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094280.

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This paper presents an S-shape four-port Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) wideband mmWave antenna with bandwidth of 25 GHz to 39 GHz. The antenna is designed on 0.254 mm ultra-thin RO5880 with permittivity of 2.3. The dimensions of proposed S-shape antenna are 10 × 12 mm for single element and 24 × 24 mm for four-port MIMO configuration. A decoupling network is introduced to further compress mutual coupling among MIMO elements. The peak gain achieved is 7.1 dBi and MIMO assembly delivers diversity scheme. The proposed MIMO antenna is fabricated, and simulated results are found to be in excellent agreement with simulations. Through the results obtained, the proposed MIMO antenna system can be considered as a potential candidate for future mmWave devices.

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Ahrens, Andreas, and César Benavente-Peces. "Modulation-mode and power assignment in broadband MIMO systems." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 22, no. 3 (2009): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0903313a.

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Since the capacity of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems increases linearly with the minimum number of antennas at both, the transmitter as well as the receiver side, MIMO schemes have attracted a lot of attention. However, non-frequency selective MIMO links have reached a state of maturity. By contrast, frequency selective MIMO links require substantial further research, leading in this contribution to a joint optimization of the number of activated MIMO layers and the number of bits per symbol along with the appropriate allocation of the transmit power under the constraint of a given fixed data throughput. Our results show that in order to achieve the best possible bit-error rate, not necessarily all MIMO layers have to be activated. .

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Morris, M. L., M. A. Jensen, and J. W. Wallace. "Superdirectivity in MIMO systems." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 53, no. 9 (September 2005): 2850–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2005.854530.

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Dai, Jincheng, Kai Niu, and Jiaru Lin. "Polar-Coded MIMO Systems." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 67, no. 7 (July 2018): 6170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2815602.

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Withers, Christopher S., and Saralees Nadarajah. "Reciprocity for MIMO systems." European Transactions on Telecommunications 22, no. 6 (April 28, 2011): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.1476.

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Uçak, Kemal, and Beyza Nur Arslantürk. "Adaptive MIMO fuzzy PID controller based on peak observer." An International Journal of Optimization and Control: Theories & Applications (IJOCTA) 13, no. 2 (July 9, 2023): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11121/ijocta.2023.1247.

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In this paper, a novel peak observer based adaptive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller has been introduced for MIMO time delay systems. The adaptation mechanism proposed by Qiao and Mizumoto [1] for single-input single-output (SISO) systems has been enhanced for MIMO system adaptive control. The tracking, stabilization and disturbance rejection performances of the proposed adaptation mechanism have been evaluated for MIMO systems by comparing with non-adaptive fuzzy PID and classical PID controllers. The obtained results indicate that the introduced adjustment mechanism for MIMO fuzzy PID controller can be successfully deployed for MIMO time delay systems.

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Samardžić, Biljana, and Bojana Zlatković. "MODIFIED PYRAGAS METHOD FOR MULTIPLE SPATIAL LIMIT SETS AND CHAOS CONTROL IN MIMO CASCADE NONLINEAR SYSTEMS." Facta Universitatis, Series: Automatic Control and Robotics 17, no. 3 (January 8, 2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fuacr1803165s.

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The modified Pyragas method for the multiple spatial limit sets and chaos control in MIMO cascade nonlinear systems is presented in this paper. Also, oscillatory and chaotic dynamic analysis of concrete MIMO3 cascade nonlinear system is performed before and after the application of control. Bifurcation diagrams and spatial phase portraits of uncontrolled and controlled MIMO3 system are used for the purposes of analysis.

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Wang, Enkang. "Performance of Fluid Antennas in MIMO Systems." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 134 (March 30, 2025): 94–101. https://doi.org/10.54097/ccgsdv95.

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In recent years, there has been a notable surge in research activity pertaining to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Conventional antennas are a common feature of MIMO systems. Nevertheless, the deployment of conventional antennas in MIMO systems is perceived to entail considerable constraints, largely due to the fact that the distribution of conventional antennas is susceptible to near-field coupling phenomena, which ultimately results in a deterioration of the transmitted information's performance. To address this issue, the utilization of fluid antennas in MIMO systems has been put forth as a potential solution. This paper presents an initial investigation into the physical, statistical and noise models of the fluid antenna system, with a particular focus on its performance for transmitting information in MIMO systems. Finally, a comparison is made between the fluid antenna and the conventional antenna, and it is concluded that the fluid antenna system has a higher information transmission rate under high-density, multipath and challenging channel conditions.

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Naeem, Muddasar, Giuseppe De Pietro, and Antonio Coronato. "Application of Reinforcement Learning and Deep Learning in Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) Systems." Sensors 22, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010309.

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The current wireless communication infrastructure has to face exponential development in mobile traffic size, which demands high data rate, reliability, and low latency. MIMO systems and their variants (i.e., Multi-User MIMO and Massive MIMO) are the most promising 5G wireless communication systems technology due to their high system throughput and data rate. However, the most significant challenges in MIMO communication are substantial problems in exploiting the multiple-antenna and computational complexity. The recent success of RL and DL introduces novel and powerful tools that mitigate issues in MIMO communication systems. This article focuses on RL and DL techniques for MIMO systems by presenting a comprehensive review on the integration between the two areas. We first briefly provide the necessary background to RL, DL, and MIMO. Second, potential RL and DL applications for different MIMO issues, such as detection, classification, and compression; channel estimation; positioning, sensing, and localization; CSI acquisition and feedback, security, and robustness; mmWave communication and resource allocation, are presented.

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Alabed, Samer. "A computationally efficient detector for MIMO systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 4138. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i5.pp4138-4146.

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In this work, a newly designed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detector for implementation on software-defined-radio platforms is proposed and its performance and complexity are studied. In particular, we are interested in proposing and evaluating a MIMO detector that provides the optimal trade-off between the decoding complexity and bit error rate (BER) performance as compared to the state of the art detectors. The proposed MIMO decoding technique appears to find the optimal compromise between competing interests encountered in the implementation of advanced MIMO detectors in practical hardware systems where it i) exhibits deterministic decoding complexity, i.e., deterministic latency, ii) enjoys a good complexity–performance trade-off, i.e., it keeps the complexity considerably lower than that of the maximum likelihood detectors with almost optimal performance, iii) allows fully parameterizable performance to complexity trade-off where the performance (or complexity) of the MIMO detector can be adaptively adjusted without the requirement of changing the implementation, iv) enjoys simple implementation and fully supports parallel processing, and v) allows simple and efficient extension to soft-bit output generation for support of turbo decoding. From the simulation results, the proposed MIMO decoding technique shows a substantially improved complexity–performance trade-off as compared to the state of the art techniques.

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Samer, Alabed. "A computationally efficient detector for MIMO systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 4138–46. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i5.pp4138-4146.

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AIn this work, a newly designed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detector for implementation on software-defined-radio platforms is proposed and its performance and complexity are studied. In particular, we are interested in proposing and evaluating a MIMO detector that provides the optimal trade-off between the decoding complexity and bit error rate (BER) performance as compared to the state of the art detectors. The proposed MIMO decoding technique appears to find the optimal compromise between competing interests encountered in the implementation of advanced MIMO detectors in practical hardware systems where it i) exhibits deterministic decoding complexity, i.e., deterministic latency, ii) enjoys a good complexity–performance trade-off, i.e., it keeps the complexity considerably lower than that of the maximum likelihood detec- tors with almost optimal performance, iii) allows fully parameterizable performance to complexity trade-off where the performance (or complexity) of the MIMO detector can be adaptively adjusted without the requirement of changing the implementation, iv) enjoys simple implementation and fully supports parallel processing, and v) allows simple and efficient extension to soft-bit output generation for support of turbo decod- ing. From the simulation results, the proposed MIMO decoding technique shows a substantially improved complexity–performance trade-off as compared to the state of the art techniques.

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Bakulin, Mikhail, Taoufik Ben Rejeb, Vitaly Kreyndelin, Denis Pankratov, and Aleksei Smirnov. "Uplink NOMA-MIMO Systems with Rayleigh Power Distribution." Sensors 22, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 4002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22114002.

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The article is devoted to multiple-input multiple-output antenna systems, also called MIMO systems, which are widely used in wireless communication systems. In this article we consider a case when the MIMO system works in overloaded mode. In this mode MIMO systems can be considered as a system with non-orthogonal multiple access NOMA. The main goal of this article is to analyze this interesting case using statistical computer simulation. Based on the analysis of the capacity of a discrete-continuous multiuser MIMO uplink channel, the possibility of such systems functioning in overload mode is proved.

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Imoize, Agbotiname Lucky, Augustus Ehiremen Ibhaze, Aderemi A. Atayero, and K. V. N. Kavitha. "Standard Propagation Channel Models for MIMO Communication Systems." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (February 15, 2021): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8838792.

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The field of wireless communication networks has witnessed a dramatic change over the last decade due to sophisticated technologies deployed to satisfy various demands peculiar to different data-intensive wireless applications. Consequently, this has led to the aggressive use of the available propagation channels to fulfill the minimum quality of service (QoS) requirement. A major barometer used to gauge the performance of a wireless communication system is the spectral efficiency (SE) of its communication channels. A key technology used to improve SE substantially is the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technique. This article presents a detailed survey of MIMO channel models in wireless communication systems. First, we present the general MIMO channel model and identified three major MIMO channel models, viz., the physical, analytical, and standardized models. The physical models describe the MIMO channel using physical parameters. The analytical models show the statistical features of the MIMO channel with respect to the measured data. The standardized models provide a unified framework for modern radio propagation architecture, advanced signal processing, and cutting-edge multiple access techniques. Additionally, we examined the strengths and limitations of the existing channel models and discussed model design, development, parameterization, implementation, and validation. Finally, we present the recent 3GPP-based 3D channel model, the transitioning from 2D to 3D channel modeling, discuss open issues, and highlight vital lessons learned for future research exploration in MIMO communication systems.

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Shinkevich, Artem, Dmitry A. Pokamestov, Yakov V. Kryukov, Evgeny V. Rogozhnikov, Georgy N. Shalin, and Andrey A. Brovkin. "Evaluation of noise immunity of multi-user MIMO systems with imperfect channel estimation and other distortions." Radioelectronics. Nanosystems. Information Technologies. 15, no. 4 (December 6, 2023): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17725/rensit.2023.15.441.

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The technology of multi-antenna MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems is actively used in modern wireless communication systems. MIMO can enhance the performance of wireless data transmission systems, but their effectiveness depends on the transmission conditions. Ideal conditions are represented as a channel with a large number of possible signal propagation paths and an error-free estimation of its parameters. The estimation error significantly affects the performance of the beamforming algorithms used to mitigate inter-user interference in multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) systems. Spatial correlation of the channel results in a decrease in the number of independent information transmission streams. These factors can significantly reduce the performance of multi- antenna systems. For this reason, operating MIMO communication systems under non-ideal conditions is a topical issue. The paper examines the performance of various beamforming algorithms in such conditions. It describes the communication systems with MIMO, beamforming algorithms, and distorting effects. The paper includes a developed simulation model of the communication channel with MU-MIMO accounting for a variety of distorting factors. The results demonstrate the bit-error probability dependences for different simulation scenarios.

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Chen, Fang Ni. "Optimization of Multiuser MIMO Relay Systems." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 2874–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.2874.

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Multiple inputs and multiple outputs (MIMO) relay cooperative transmission, as an efficient solution for high data rate and ubiquitous coverage, is a promising key technology for next generation wireless system. The performance of MIMO relay network is dependent on the signal processing approaches adopted by relay nodes. It is more complex when multiple users are active in MIMO relay network. Considering the minimum MSE problem, two sub-optimal algorithms are proposed based on the properties of relay filters. The simulation results the sub-optimal algorithms give similar results as optimal one.

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Liu, Li, Jin Kuan Wang, Xin Song, and Yin Hua Han. "Improved Stack Algorithm for MIMO Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 666–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.666.

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Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems could increase wireless communication system capacity enormously. The best optimal detection algorithm for MIMO systems was maximum likelihood (ML) detection algorithm, which could provide the best bit error rate (BER) performance for MIMO systems. However, the computational complexity of ML detection algorithm grew exponentially with the number of transmit antennas and the order of modulation, which resulted in difficult using for practice. A modified MIMO signal detection algorithm which combined ML detection with stack algorithm was presented in this paper. After performing QR decomposition of the channel matrix, the ML detection with length L was done firstly. The partial accumulated metrics were calculated and sorted, which produced an ordered set secondly. Based on the ordered set, stack algorithm was performed to search for the symbol with the minimum accumulated metrics. The proposed algorithm reduced the probability of look back in stack algorithm.

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RECIOUI, Abdelmadjid. "Capacity Optimization of MIMO Systems Involving Conformal Antenna Arrays using a Search Group Algorithm." Algerian Journal of Signals and Systems 5, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51485/ajss.v5i4.118.

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MIMO systems constitute a backbone of the fourth and fifth generations of wireless communication systems. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the involvement of conformal antenna arrays into MIMO systems. The Search Group Algorithm (SGA) is then used to further enhance the capacity of MIMO system employing conformal antenna arrays at both ends (Transmitter; Tx and Receiver; Rx). The results reveal that compared to the linear and 2D cases, conformal antenna arrays promise higher capacity values which motivates their employment in future MIMO communication systems.

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31

Bakulin, Mikhail G., Vitaly B. Kreyndelin, and Denis Y. Pankratov. "APPLICATION OF MIMO TECHNOLOGY IN MODERN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS OF DIFFERENT GENERATIONS." T-Comm 15, no. 4 (2021): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2021-15-4-4-12.

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Abstract (sommario):

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology is widely used in modern IEEE radio access systems. There is a tendency to increase the number of antennas, which is also confirmed by the development of MIMO technology in mobile communication systems of 3GPP standards. Requirements for modern radio communication systems are constantly increasing. As the radio frequency spectrum becomes increasingly scarce, it becomes increasingly difficult to transmit large amounts of information by expanding the frequency channel bandwidth. Therefore, the use of MIMO technology to increase the spectral and energy efficiency of communication systems is relevant. In 5G systems, Massive MIMO technology is used, when using which the number of antennas is measured in tens and hundreds. The characteristics of various versions of MIMO technology implemented in the existing standards 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, as well as in the promising standard 802.11be (6G systems) are described in detail. Technologies of directional transmission, spatial multiplexing, selection of antennas as particular cases of precoding are considered. Trends of MIMO technology development in wireless communication systems are shown.

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32

Ramírez-Arroyo, Alejandro, Juan Carlos González-Macías, Jose J. Rico-Palomo, Javier Carmona-Murillo, and Antonio Martínez-González. "On the Spectral Efficiency for Distributed Massive MIMO Systems." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 18, 2021): 10926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210926.

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Abstract (sommario):

Distributed MIMO (D-MIMO) systems are expected to play a key role in deployments for future mobile communications. Together with massive MIMO technology, D-MIMO aims to maximize the spectral efficiency and data rate in mobile networks. This paper proposes a deep study on the spectral efficiency of D-MIMO systems for essential channel parameters, such as the channel power balance or the correlation between propagation channels. For that purpose, several propagation channels were acquired in both anechoic and reverberation chambers and were emulated using channel simulators. In addition, several frequency bands were studied, both the sub–6 GHz band and mmWave band. The results of this study revealed the high influence of channel correlation and power balance on the physical channel performance. Low-correlated and high-power balance propagation channels show better performances than high correlated and power unbalance channels in terms of spectral efficiency. Given these results, it will be fundamental to take into account the spectral efficiency of D-MIMO systems when designing criteria to establish multi-connectivity in future mobile network deployments.

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33

Czawka, Giennadij, and Marek Garbaruk. "Matrix Analysis and Pulse Transmission of Antenna Array for MIMO UWB Systems." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10177-011-0013-z.

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Abstract (sommario):

Matrix Analysis and Pulse Transmission of Antenna Array for MIMO UWB Systems This paper presents a theoretical matrix analysis of antenna structure consisting of two double-element planar antennas for ultra-wideband (UWB) application in 2*2 MIMO indoor communication systems. The structure and characteristics of pla-nar two-element UWB antenna are presented. Two matrix models of MIMO antenna system are represented in the paper. A stan-dard MIMO signal transmission matrix without taking into con-sideration the coupling between antennas is described. A new ap-proach to a full electromagnetic analysis based on the scattering matrix of the MIMO spatial antenna array is proposed. Func-tional power parameters for the whole MIMO UWB transmit-receive antenna structure are introduced. Results of computer si-mulations of different matrices describing a MIMO antenna sys-tem and the transmission propagation pulses are presented.

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34

Sharma, Preeti, Rakesh N. Tiwari, Prabhakar Singh, Pradeep Kumar, and Binod K. Kanaujia. "MIMO Antennas: Design Approaches, Techniques and Applications." Sensors 22, no. 20 (October 14, 2022): 7813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207813.

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Abstract (sommario):

The excessive use of digital platforms with rapidly increasing users in the wireless domain enforces communication systems to provide information with high data rates, high reliability and strong transmission connection quality. Wireless systems with single antenna elements are not able to accomplish the desired needs. Therefore, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas are getting more attention in modern high-speed communication systems and play an essential part in the current generation of wireless technology. However, along with their ability to significantly increase channel capacity, it is a challenge to achieve an optimal isolation in a compact size for fifth-generation (5G) terminals. Portable devices, automobiles, handheld gadgets, smart phones, wireless sensors, radio frequency identification and other applications use MIMO antenna systems. In this review paper, the fundamentals of MIMO antennas, the performance parameters of MIMO antennas, and different design approaches and methodologies are discussed to realize the three most commonly used MIMO antennas, i.e., ultra-wideband (UWB), dual-band and circularly polarized antennas. The recent MIMO antenna design approaches with UWB, dual band and circularly polarized characteristics are compared in terms of their isolation techniques, gain, efficiency, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and channel capacity loss (CCL). This paper is very helpful to design suitable MIMO antennas applicable in UWB systems, satellite communication systems, GSM, Bluetooth, WiMAX, WLAN and many more. The issues with MIMO antenna systems in the indoor environment along with possible solutions to improve their performance are discussed. The paper also focuses on the applications of MIMO characteristics for future sixth-generation (6G) technology.

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35

Kim, Younsun, Hyoungju Ji, Juho Lee, Young-Han Nam, Boon Loong Ng, Ioannis Tzanidis, Yang Li, and Jianzhong Zhang. "Full dimension mimo (FD-MIMO): the next evolution of MIMO in LTE systems." IEEE Wireless Communications 21, no. 2 (April 2014): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2014.6812288.

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36

Kim, Younsun, Hyoungju Ji, Juho Lee, Young-Han Nam, Boon Loong Ng, Ioannis Tzanidis, Yang Li, and Jianzhong Zhang. "Full dimension MIMO (FD-MIMO): The next evolution of MIMO in LTE systems." IEEE Wireless Communications 21, no. 3 (June 2014): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2014.6845053.

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37

Shoukat, Hamna, Abdul Ahad Khurshid, Muhammad Yunis Daha, Kamal Shahid, and Muhammad Usman Hadi. "A Comparative Analysis of DNN and Conventional Signal Detection Techniques in SISO and MIMO Communication Systems." Telecom 5, no. 2 (June 20, 2024): 487–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/telecom5020025.

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Abstract (sommario):

This paper investigates the performance of deep neural network (DNN)-based signal detection in multiple input, multiple output (MIMO), communication systems. MIMO technology plays a critical role in achieving high data rates and improved capacity in modern wireless communication standards like 5G. However, signal detection in MIMO systems presents significant challenges due to channel complexities. This study conducts a comparative analysis of signal detection techniques within both the single input, single output (SISO), and MIMO frameworks. The analysis focuses on the entire transmission chain, encompassing transmitters, channels, and receivers. The effectiveness of three traditional methods—maximum likelihood detection (MLD), minimum mean square error (MMSE), and zero-forcing (ZF)—is meticulously evaluated alongside a novel DNN-based approach. The proposed study presents a novel DNN-based signal detection model. While this model demonstrates superior computational efficiency and symbol error rate (SER) performance compared to more conventional techniques like MLD, MMSE, and ZF in the context of a SISO system, MIMO systems face some challenges in outperforming the conventional techniques specifically in terms of computation times. This complexity of MIMO systems presents challenges that the current DNN design has yet to fully address, indicating the need for further developments in wireless communication technology. The observed performance difference between SISO and MIMO systems underscores the need for further research on the adaptability and limitations of DNN architectures in MIMO contexts. These findings pave the way for future explorations of advanced neural network architectures and algorithms specifically designed for MIMO signal-processing tasks. By overcoming the performance gap observed in this work, such advancements hold significant promise for enhancing the effectiveness of DNN-based signal detection in MIMO communication systems.

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38

Su, Xin, and KyungHi Chang. "Diversity and Multiplexing Technologies by 3D Beams in Polarized Massive MIMO Systems." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2318287.

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Abstract (sommario):

Massive multiple input, multiple output (M-MIMO) technologies have been proposed to scale up data rates reaching gigabits per second in the forthcoming 5G mobile communications systems. However, one of crucial constraints is a dimension in space to implement the M-MIMO. To cope with the space constraint and to utilize more flexibility in 3D beamforming (3D-BF), we propose antenna polarization in M-MIMO systems. In this paper, we design a polarized M-MIMO (PM-MIMO) system associated with 3D-BF applications, where the system architectures for diversity and multiplexing technologies achieved by polarized 3D beams are provided. Different from the conventional 3D-BF achieved by planar M-MIMO technology to control the downtilted beam in a vertical domain, the proposed PM-MIMO realizes 3D-BF via the linear combination of polarized beams. In addition, an effective array selection scheme is proposed to optimize the beam-width and to enhance system performance by the exploration of diversity and multiplexing gains; and a blind channel estimation (BCE) approach is also proposed to avoid pilot contamination in PM-MIMO. Based on the Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) specification, the simulation results finally confirm the validity of our proposals.

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39

Feng, Chieh-Chuan. "MIMO Systems with Degraded Actuators and Sensors." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-1, Issue-5 (August 31, 2017): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd2247.

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40

Dai, Jian Xin, Jun Zhou, Jie Qi, Ming Chen, Tao Yuan, and Jun Zhao. "Optimal Power Analysis of Downlink Multi-User SA-MIMO Systems Use." Applied Mechanics and Materials 614 (September 2014): 530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.614.530.

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Abstract (sommario):

This paper investigated the problem of transmit power minimization to meet the users’ outage probability constraints in downlink smart antennas-MIMO (SA-MIMO) systems. Firstly, a downlink multi-user SA-MIMO system model is established, and the transmit power optimization problem is formulated. The optimization problem jointly optimizes the beam-forming vectors and user outage probability. Then, the outage-based optimization problem is transformed into a geometric programming problem in which the beam forming vectors were obtained by maximum diagonal element (MDE) rule. Some numerical results show that the proposed method in this paper is viable and the transmit power in downlink SA-MIMO systems significantly descreases relative to traditional MIMO systems.

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41

Chen, Zhuoqi, Yuhe Liu, Xiang Yi, and Ruiqin Zhao. "Angular Circle Array Multiple Input Multiple Output Underwater Optical Wireless Communications." Photonics 12, no. 1 (December 26, 2024): 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12010012.

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Abstract (sommario):

This paper constructs a simulation platform for underwater wireless optical single-input single-output (SISO) communication systems and quantitatively evaluates communication performance indicators. To improve channel capacity, we propose an angular circle array MIMO scheme. The path loss, CIR, and channel capacity of the angular circular array MIMO communication system are calculated by using the Monte Carlo method. Results show that the proposed angular circular array MIMO communication system has a higher channel capacity compared to planar circular array MIMO communication systems and SISO communication systems.

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42

Wang, Qianya, and Hongwen Yang. "A Switched Diversity Scheme for Massive MIMO Systems." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/627275.

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Abstract (sommario):

With the constraint of antenna space, spatial correlation and mutual coupling must be considered to accurately predict the system performance for massive MIMO systems. Increasing the antenna quantity can degrade the system performance due to mutual coupling. Antenna selection systems have better performance and lower hardware cost than full-MIMO systems. However, the conventional selection combining (SC) scheme consumes a great amount of training overhead and has high operational complexity in the presence of mutual coupling. This paper proposes a group switch-and-examine combining (GSEC) scheme for massive MIMO systems with the spatial correlation and mutual coupling existing at both the transmitter and receiver. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed GSEC scheme provides better effective capacity performance and lower operational complexity than the conventional selection combining (SC) and full-MIMO scheme.

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43

Ma, Hao, Jun Wang, Xin Sun, and Wenxin Jin. "Integrated Waveform Design Based on UAV MIMO Joint Radar Communication." Information 14, no. 8 (August 12, 2023): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14080455.

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Abstract (sommario):

The problem of orthogonal waveform construction in multiple input/multiple output (MIMO) radar communication integration greatly limits the realization of integration technology. In the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) MIMO antenna scenario, an orthogonal integrated waveform suitable for a MIMO antenna is designed using a sub−LFM−BPSK waveform combined with a chaotic spread spectrum code. After spread spectrum processing, each MIMO antenna transmits different communication data for orthogonal spread spectrum processing, which is suitable for the omnidirectional detection of MIMO application scenarios; moreover, the closed-form expressions of the integrated orthogonal waveform under certain constraints are derived. Finally, the simulation proves that the integrated orthogonal waveform set in the UAV MIMO scenario has excellent radar detection and communication capabilities.

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44

Jit Singh, Mandeep Singh, Wan Syahrum Wan Saleh, Amer T. Abed, and Muhammad Ashraf Fauzi. "A Review on Massive MIMO Antennas for 5G Communication Systems on Challenges and Limitations." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 35, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(1)-09.

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Abstract (sommario):

High data rate transfers, high-definition streaming, high-speed internet, and the expanding of the infrastructure such as the ultra-broadband communication systems in wireless communication have become a demand to be considered in improving quality of service and increase the capacity supporting gigabytes bitrate. Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems technology is evolving from MIMO systems and becoming a high demand for fifth-generation (5G) communication systems and keep expanding further. In the near future, massive MIMO systems could be the main wireless systems of communications technology and can be considered as a key technology to the system in daily lives. The arrangement of the huge number of antenna elements at the base station (BS) for uplink and downlink to support the MIMO systems in increasing its capacity is called a Massive MIMO system, which refers to the vast provisioning of antenna elements at base stations over the number of the single antenna of user equipment. Massive MIMO depends on spatial multiplexing and diversity gain in serving users with simple processing signal of uplink and downlink at the BS. There are challenges in massive MIMO system even though it contains numerous number of antennas, such as channel estimation need to be accurate, precoding at the BS, and signal detection which is related to the first two items. On the other hand, in supporting wideband cellular communication systems and enabling low latency communications and multi-gigabit data rates, the Millimeter-wave (mmWave) technology has been utilized. Also, it is widely influenced the potential of the fifth-generation (5G) New Radio (NR) standard. This study was specifically review and compare on a few designs and methodologies on massive MIMO antenna communication systems. There are three limitations of those antennas were identified to be used for future improvement and to be proposed in designing the massive MIMO antenna systems. A few suggestions to improve the weaknesses and to overcome the challenges have been proposed for future considerations.

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45

Wang, Zhaocheng, and Jiaxuan Chen. "Networked multiple-input-multiple-output for optical wireless communication systems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2169 (March 2, 2020): 20190189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0189.

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Abstract (sommario):

With the escalation of heterogeneous data traffic, the research on optical wireless communication (OWC) has attracted much attention, owing to its advantages such as wide spectrum, low power consumption and high security. Ubiquitous optical devices, e.g. light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and cameras, are employed to support optical wireless links. Since the distribution of these optical devices is usually dense, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) can be naturally adopted to attain spatial diversity gain or spatial multiplexing gain. As the scale of OWC networks enlarges, optical MIMO can also collaborate with network-level operations, like user/AP grouping, to enhance the network throughput. Since OWC is preferred for short-range communications and is sensitive to the directions/rotations of transceivers, optical MIMO links vary frequently and sharply in outdoor scenarios when considering the mobility of optical devices, raising new challenges to network design. In this work, we present an overview of optical MIMO techniques, as well as the cooperation of MIMO and user/AP grouping in OWC networks. In consideration of the challenges for outdoor OWC, key technologies are then proposed to facilitate the adoption of optical MIMO in outdoor scenarios, especially in vehicular ad hoc networks. Lastly, future applications of MIMO in OWC networks are discussed. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.

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46

Vaigandla, Karthik Kumar, RadhaKrishna Karne, and Allanki Sanyasi Rao. "Analysis of MIMO-OFDM: Effect of Mutual Coupling, Frequency Response, SNR and Channel Capacity." YMER Digital 20, no. 10 (October 18, 2021): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer20.10/14.

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Abstract (sommario):

Systematic analysis of systems with Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs (MIMO) is presented in this paper. MIMO systems and various techniques for decoupling are discussed, including their effect on performance. As wireless communications systems progress, the challenge is to deliver high-data-rate access with good quality of service (QOS). MIMO technology can also offer greater reliability by boosting the link due to increased spectral efficiency; this can be met by incorporating spatial multiplexing gains and antenna diversity gains. OFDM signals can be used with antenna arrays at both transmitter and receiver for maximum efficiency. As a result, we have MIMO-OFDM. A generalized predictive control for MIMO systems is considered in this paper. Stability and performance of the closed-loop system are measured by using frequency response indicators.

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47

Wen, Ruyue, Hua Zhang, and Luping Xu. "An Efficient Dynamic Engineering Implementation Architecture for MIMO Radar System." Remote Sensing 17, no. 5 (February 27, 2025): 832. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17050832.

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Abstract (sommario):

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology can significantly improve radar system resolution and target detection ability and become the core technology in millimeter-wave radar systems. Each antenna of a MIMO radar system generates a separate data stream, resulting in an exponential increase in the amount of data. The MIMO radar system needs to process these data efficiently and quickly to ensure the real-time performance of the system. Conventional MIMO radar engineering systems have difficulty meeting the efficient processing requirements for large data volume processing, and an efficient dynamic engineering implementation architecture for a MIMO radar system is necessary. In such cases, we analyze the MIMO radar engineering system principle and propose an efficient dynamic MIMO radar engineering implementation architecture, which reduces the data storage step after the Doppler fast Fourier transform (FFT) and improves the storage efficiency and processing speed. In addition, we validate the effectiveness of the method by implementing it on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. The results show that the method is better than the conventional MIMO radar engineering implementation architecture regarding storage resource consumption and processing speed. Specifically, for the same antenna channel data volume, the MIMO radar system with the proposed architecture achieves a 50% reduction in storage resource consumption and a 15% improvement in processing speed compared to the conventional architecture. The proposed architecture demonstrates better antenna array compatibility across different antenna arrays. This work provides new ideas and methods for the efficient engineering implementation of MIMO radar systems. This work can support the practical application of MIMO radar, especially the engineering applications of large-scale array MIMO radar systems.

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48

Waseem, Athar, Aqdas Naveed, Sardar Ali, Muhammad Arshad, Haris Anis, and Ijaz Mansoor Qureshi. "Compressive Sensing Based Channel Estimation for Massive MIMO Communication Systems." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (May 27, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6374764.

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Abstract (sommario):

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is believed to be a key technology to get 1000x data rates in wireless communication systems. Massive MIMO occupies a large number of antennas at the base station (BS) to serve multiple users at the same time. It has appeared as a promising technique to realize high-throughput green wireless communications. Massive MIMO exploits the higher degree of spatial freedom, to extensively improve the capacity and energy efficiency of the system. Thus, massive MIMO systems have been broadly accepted as an important enabling technology for 5th Generation (5G) systems. In massive MIMO systems, a precise acquisition of the channel state information (CSI) is needed for beamforming, signal detection, resource allocation, etc. Yet, having large antennas at the BS, users have to estimate channels linked with hundreds of transmit antennas. Consequently, pilot overhead gets prohibitively high. Hence, realizing the correct channel estimation with the reasonable pilot overhead has become a challenging issue, particularly for frequency division duplex (FDD) in massive MIMO systems. In this paper, by taking advantage of spatial and temporal common sparsity of massive MIMO channels in delay domain, nonorthogonal pilot design and channel estimation schemes are proposed under the frame work of structured compressive sensing (SCS) theory that considerably reduces the pilot overheads for massive MIMO FDD systems. The proposed pilot design is fundamentally different from conventional orthogonal pilot designs based on Nyquist sampling theorem. Finally, simulations have been performed to verify the performance of the proposed schemes. Compared to its conventional counterparts with fewer pilots overhead, the proposed schemes improve the performance of the system.

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49

Chen, Xiaoming, Hua Wang, Wei Fan, Yaning Zou, Andreas Wolfgang, Tommy Svensson, and Jian Luo. "Phase Noise Effect on MIMO-OFDM Systems with Common and Independent Oscillators." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8238234.

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Abstract (sommario):

The effects of oscillator phase noises (PNs) on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are studied. It is shown that PNs of common oscillators at the transmitter and at the receiver have the same influence on the performance of (single-stream) beamforming MIMO-OFDM systems, yet different influences on spatial multiplexing MIMO-OFDM systems with singular value decomposition (SVD) based precoding/decoding. When each antenna is equipped with an independent oscillator, the PNs at the transmitter and at the receiver have different influences on beamforming MIMO-OFDM systems as well as spatial multiplexing MIMO-OFDM systems. Specifically, the PN effect on the transmitter (receiver) can be alleviated by having more transmit (receive) antennas for the case of independent oscillators. It is found that the independent oscillator case outperforms the common oscillator case in terms of error vector magnitude (EVM).

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50

Bakulin, Mikhail G., Vitaly B. Kreyndelin, and Andrey A. Reznev. "Extended orthogonal feedback precoding for spatial multiplexing systems." Radioelectronics. Nanosystems. Information Technologies. 15, no. 3 (September 28, 2023): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17725/rensit.2023.15.235.

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Abstract (sommario):

Various methods of generating of space-time codes and algebraic structures for increasing noise immunity of MIMO communication systems with a large number of transmitting and receiving antennas are considered. The possibility of generation of an orthogonal precoding matrix in MIMO systems depending on changing reception conditions in a radio channel using feedback from a transmitter to a receiver is shown. It is obtained that to transmit such a precoding matrix in MIMO systems with 4×4, 8×8, 16×16 antenna configurations, feedback is required with the ability to transmit only 2 bits on the reverse link at an energy gain of 1.5 dB ... 2.5 dB compared to an open loop system. The precoding matrices obtained in the article and their formation algorithms can be used in the development of new MIMO mobile communication systems.

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