Tesi sul tema "Modèle de métabolisme standard"
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Servant, Géraldine. "Etudes phénoménologiques au-delà du Modèle Standard". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00000824.
Testo completoArhrib, Abdeslam. "Modèle standard supersymétrique minimal. Quelques aspects phénoménologiques". Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20075.
Testo completoBertrand, Daniel. "Le modèle standard à l'épreuve du LEP". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212960.
Testo completoLitke, Rachel. "Glucose et vieillissement : intérêt du modèle Caenorhabditis elegans". Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUS055.
Testo completoSince the first studies demonstrating the effects of glucose on lifespan and healthspan wereperformed, underlying mechanisms remain to be determined. Glucose restriction is known toextend lifespan whereas excessive glucose shortens lifespan in a multitude of organisms.Understanding how glucose affects aging is of great interest to the scientific and medicalcommunities as this could lead to targeted treatments for many age-related diseases such ascancer, diabetes type 2 or neurodegenerative diseases. Studies in invertebrates and particularlyin Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) have contributed to discover many genes and pathwaysinvolved in aging, many of which are conserved in mammals. C. elegans can be used torecapitulate most human diseases, such as Alzheimer’s diseases at the metabolic and genomiclevel in vivo. Our hypothesis is that glucose metabolism drives aging. The complexity of theaging process led us to study it from two different angles, glucose restriction and excess.Previous studies demonstrated that dietary restriction (which reduces glucose availability)induces CREB-Binding Protein (CBP) to control the expression of other genes involved in thedetermination of lifespan and a metabolic shift from glucose to alternative substrates. Wheninhibited by RNAi in a C. elegans model for Alzheimer’s disease, CBP reduced lifespan. To determine whether this effect was due to a specific role of CBP we inhibited other HATs witha feeding RNAi method in the same C. elegans model for Alzheimer’s disease and assessedlifespan as well as Ab1-42 proteotoxicity responsible for accelerated paralysis in this model. C.elegans has been used as a model organism to study the effects of glucose-enriched diets in thepast but not all aspects of the glucose metabolism in respects to aging are known and wellcharacterized. We aimed at describing the effects of a glucose enriched medium on expressionof enzymes involved in glucose metabolism and oxidative stress by qRT-PCR. We also focusedon endogenous production of advanced glycation end products as recent studies from ourlaboratory incriminate them in mechanisms underlying aging. Finally, we developed a highthroughputsemi-automated screening device to allow us to screen compounds capable ofdelaying aging and age-related pathologies. We applied our newly developed device to screenthe Microsource SPECTRUM library of 2560 compounds.Our results show that the inhibition of the histone acetyl transferase CBP uniquely acceleratesaging and increases Ab1-42 proteotoxicity in a C. elegans model of Alzheimer’s disease,expanding earlier results. We were able to better characterize and standardize C. elegans as avalid model organism for the study of the effects of glucose-enriched medium on aging and inparticular confirmed that the oxidative stress response and endogenous production of advancedglycation end products increased with time and glucose concentration. Finally the results of ourlarge-scale compound screen identified phenylbutyric acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitorwhose action correlates with CBP’s, as the most efficient compound to protect against Ab1-42proteotoxicity. This further argues for the role of epigenetic and nutrient-sensing modificationsin mediating the effects of glucose metabolism on aging
Perret, Pascal. "Tests électrofaibles du Modèle Standard et quarks lourds". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001683.
Testo completoSauvan, E. "Petit périple aux confins du modèle standard avec HERA". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439880.
Testo completoBruel, Philippe. "Recherche d'interactions au-delà du modèle standard à HERA". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005328.
Testo completoNaline, Emmanuel. "Théophylline : modèle d'étude du métabolisme oxydatif : aspects analytiques et pharmacologiques". Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN4051.
Testo completoLemay, François. "Photoproduction et désintégration du quark top dans le modèle standard et le modèle supersymétrique minimal". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1995. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4905/1/000622983.pdf.
Testo completoMabrouk, M'bark. "Modèle d’hyper-document base sur le standard ISO 8613 ODA". Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0034.
Testo completoHypermedia is a mean of structuring information in a network of nodes interconnected by links. Considering the richness of ODA, it is possible to build a hypermedia document model (hyper-document). The architecture ODF the proposed model is made of a structure called hyper-structure above the ODA layers. The hyper-structure is a network of nodes and limits which constitute an hyper-document. Nodes reference their ODA content through an abstract interface. This interface brings the independence between the hyper-structure and ODA components. This model specifies some extensions to ODA, mailing, multiple layout and the document portion concept
Hosteins, Pierre. "Masse des neutrinos et physique au-delà du modèle standard". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112219.
Testo completoHenry, Adrien. "Modélisation cinétique du métabolisme : construction du modèle, analyse et applications biotechnologiques". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC216.
Testo completoThis thesis shows how to build a kinetic model the central carbon metabolism of the Escherichia coli bacterium to test a bioengineering strategy where the gene expression machinery (GEM) is controllable. The idea is to reorient the machinery from growth to the production of industrially interesting compounds. Because this controlled bacterium will no longer maximize growth, flux balance frameworks are inadequate and instead a kinetic modelling approach is necessary. Given the large number of reactions included i the network, a pipeline has been built to automatically generate kinetic laws from reaction stoichiometries. In this context a precise description of the reactional mechanism is impossible and I use the convenience kinetic framework for reversible reaction or Michaelis-Menten for irreversible ones; both are derived assuming independent reactants. The parameter fitting searches for the model that matches best the steady state conditions of concentration and flux, prior distributions for parameters built from literature data, and time course data for tracers. The thesis highlights the importance of including these time courses and of understanding the different characteristic times in such systems, the standard relaxation time not always being the longest characteristic time. Lastly, the optimised model is used to show that the yield o' a target metabolite is increased by down regulating the GEM
Salvini, Séverine. "Influence des glucides alimentaires sur l'absorption intestinale du cholestérol : études chez l'homme sain et sur modèle entérocytaire humain Caco-2". Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2001AIX20694.pdf.
Testo completoLespine, Anne. "Modèle expérimental de déficit en lipoprotéine lipase : régulations différentielles dans le coeur et dans le tissu adipeux". Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30037.
Testo completoDebbasch, Anne. "Modèle "in vitro" d'étude de la glucuroconjugaison des xénobiotiques : application au métabolisme de l'UP 26-70". Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P137.
Testo completoDesvaux, Mickaël. "La fermentation de la cellulose par Clostridium cellulolyticum : métabolisme modèle d'un Clostridium cellulolytique mésophile". Nancy 1, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2001_0174_DESVAUX.pdf.
Testo completoSo far carbon metabolism of Clostridium cellulolyticum, a mesophilic cellulolytic anaerobic bacteria, has been only investigated with cellobiose. In batch with cellulose, this bacterium appears sensitive to the acidification while in pH-control culture the growth arrest results from a high entering carbon flow leading to the accumulation of intracellular inhibitory compound(s). The metabolic flux analysis in chemostat fed with cellulose under limited or saturated conditions of carbon and/or ammonium showed (i) the carbon entry was regulated by the cellulosome (ii) the longer the cellodextrin incorporated into the cell is, the more the glucose 1-phosphate is generated (iii) the phosphoglucomutase control the orientation of the flux towards glycolyse (iv) the glycogen buffer the carbon surplus (v) the pyruvate metabolic node is of key importance in electronic and energetic fluxes regulation (vi) the metabolic fluxes remain always lower with cellulose than those obtained with cellobiose
Caus, Thierry. "Métabolisme énergétique et transplantation cardiaque". Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2001AIX20661.pdf.
Testo completoAn optimal metabolic and functional recovery of the graft is the keystone for the success of heart transplantation. We studied in the rat, the post-ischemic heart's recovery based on functional and metabolic parameters. We conducted our experiments on the isolated perfused heart (Langendorft) as well as on the heterotopically transplanted heart. We used P-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to evaluate the concentration of the high energy phosphates compounds (HEP) during ischemia and reperfusion. We used the determination of functional indexes to assess the recovery of contractility. In the isolated heart model, we found that the preservation of the graft during cold ischemia was better at 7. 5°C than at 4°C. We also demonstrated that, after a 12 hours cold ischemia, the metabolic and functional preservation was improved with the CRMBM solution, a new preservation solution elaborated in our laboratory, than with the UW, St Thomas or Broussais solutions commonly used for the preservation of the human heart graft. In the transplanted heart model, we found that the improvement of the graft contractility observed form early to late reperfusion was synchronous with a spontaneous regeneration of HEP. W e therefore validated for the first time the possibility to investigate in vivo simultaneously the contractility and the energetic metabolism of the myocardium. We also proved that the adjunct of L-arginine to the CRMBM solution significantly improved the contractility of the graft during early reperfusion whereas it did not modify the kinetics of the HEP (possible effect of a better protection of the endothelial function). The CRMBM solution enriched with L-arginine could improve the results of heart transplantation thanks to a better metabolic preservation of the heart graft
Welzel, Julien. "Physique de la saveur au-delà du Modèle Standard et dimensions supplémentaires". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175294.
Testo completoTout d'abord, nous avons abordé la question de la conservation du nombre baryonique et leptonique via la conservation de la symétrie de R-parité dans les modèles supersymétriques de basse énergie. Plus précisément, nous nous sommes placés dans le cas où cette symétrie entre particules et `super'-partenaires n'était pas conservée. En utilisant les données expérimentales disponibles pour la désintégration rare du kaon chargé en une paire de neutrino-antineutrino et un pion chargé, nous avons entre autres obtenu une limite supérieure sur la valeur permise de certains couplages caractérisant la violation de la R-parité. Nous avons montré l'intérêt de prendre aussi en compte les contributions conservant la R-parité, négligées jusqu'alors dans les autres études sur le sujet.
Dans une seconde partie, nous avons étudié l'impact de l'introduction d'une dimension spatiale supplémentaire, repliée sur elle-même. Les exemples choisis concernent l'électrodynamique quantique et l'invariance de jauge, l'unification des forces forte, faible et électromagnétique ainsi que l'origine de la valeur des masses et des angles de mélanges des neutrinos. Dans ce dernier cas, l'étude a été faite dans le cadre du MSSM à 5dimensions. Typiquement, l'introduction de dimensions supplémentaires réduit le pouvoir prédictif. Cependant, des comportements généraux peuvent toujours être établis. Ainsi, nous avons pu mettre en
évidence la possibilité d'un mélange leptonique faible (de type CKM) à haute énergie, pour une région significative et raisonnable de l'espace des paramètres, résultat offrant de nouvelles perspectives pour l'étude de l'origine de la saveur et des liens entre quarks et leptons.
Friot, Samuel. "Effets non-perturbatifs de QCD & tests de précision du Modèle Standard". Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX22028.
Testo completoNeshatpour, Siavash. "Récentes implications au-delà du modèle standard des désintégrations de mésons beaux". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF22354.
Testo completoThere are fast progresses in the experimental study of rare decay sof mesons containing a b-quark, and involving a pair of leptons and an s-quark. The present work measures the indirect implications of these progresses on the supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model. Even within constrained models, the indirect limits obtained in this way can in some cases be stronger than those coming from direct searches of supersymmetric particles. The accuracy gained by the form factors and higher order corrections newly implemented in the public code ”SuperIso” are then fully relevant
Lapierre, Marguerite. "Extensions du modèle standard neutre pertinentes pour l'analyse de la diversité génétique". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066395/document.
Testo completoThe general setting of this thesis is the analysis of evolutionary forces that generate polymorphisms and divergence between genomes within a species. The theoretical framework used in the majority of disciplines of molecular evolution is the neutral theory, formulated by Motoo Kimura in 1968. This model is characterized by the hypotheses of neutrality, constant population size and panmixia. First, we investigated how this theoretical framework is used in practice and what are the consequences of these hypotheses on the inferences and predictions made in this framework. To this end, we carried out two studies confronting existing demographic inference methods with data. A first study demonstrated that methods frequently used for bacterial demographic inference, based on a single reconstructed phylogenetic tree, are biased by selection, recombination and sampling bias. We then compared several demographic inference methods, by applying them to an African human population, the Yoruba. This study showed the limits of an existing method, and illustrates the issue of identifiability of demographic histories, when the inference is based on the site frequency spectrum. Finally, in a third study we analyzed several genetic polymorphism datasets with an alternative reference model comprising multiple mergers and demography. We compared how the current reference model and this alternative model can explain the observed genetic diversity
Kriegshauser, Lucie. "La mousse Physcomitrella patens, un modèle pour explorer l’évolution et l’ingénierie du métabolisme phénolique". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ064.
Testo completoIn vascular plants, the phenylpropanoid metabolism leads to the synthesis of precursors of structural biopolymers such as lignin and of essential antioxidants and UV screens. The phenolic pathway leading to these compounds appeared upon plant land colonization and is thought critical for their adaptation to this new environment. Physcomitrella patens is a bryophyte, an early-diverging land plant and thus a good model to reveal ancestral traits. P. patens is devoid of lignin. Combining phylogenomic, genetic and biochemical approaches, this work demonstrates the essential role of two BAHD hydroxycinnamoyl transferases in the moss phenolic metabolism and in the formation of precursors of the cuticle, a hydrophobic layer, covering and conferring impermeability to the aerial parts of the plant. It also suggests that two nonredundant hydroxycinnamoyl transferases are required for the formation of the soluble phenolic compounds accumulated in moss. A preliminary exploration of the flavonoid metabolism in this model in addition reveals primitive features of this metabolic route
Greynat, David. "Développements perturbatifs et non perturbatifs & Phénoménologie du modèle standard à basse énergie". Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX22151.
Testo completoYacoub, Chakib M. "Étude de la régulation du métabolisme hépatique chez les Ruminants : utilisation du modèle "hépatocytes isolés"". Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20045.
Testo completoOcariz, Jose. "Des Kaons aux mésons B : Contraindre le Modèle Standard par la physique des saveurs". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00386983.
Testo completoLe chapitre suivant évoque la violation de CP dans le secteur des kaons : sont traitées les contraintes sur la matrice CKM provenant des mesures de εK, ε′/ε, ainsi que l'´état des lieux et les perspectives sur la recherche des modes rares K+→π+νν et
KL→π0νν ; ce chapitre conclut par une étude prospective pour estimer le potentiel de
physique des kaons dans le cadre du modèle CKM.
Suivent deux chapitres décrivant des analyses de physique dans l'expérience BaBar : est d'abord présentée en détail l'analyse en amplitudes du mode B0 → K+π−π0 ; suit un état des lieux plus succint sur l'analyse en amplitudes dépendantes du temps du mode
B0 → K0π+π−, qui a déj`a fourni des résultats préliminaires à l'été 2007. La discussion est ensuite complétée par une description qualitative sur un projet d'étude combinée des contraintes sur la matrice CKM provenant des modes B → Kππ.
Fiandrino, Annie. "Nouveaux bosons vectoriels au delà du modèle standard : effets de polarisation en production hadronique". Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX11024.
Testo completoBruno, Christophe. "Action effective du modèle standard à basses énergies et mécanisme de Nambu Jona-Lasinio". Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX22012.
Testo completoHebinger, Jeremy. "Phénoménologie des mésons B à la recherche d'un signal au-delà du modèle standard". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS260/document.
Testo completoOver the last decades, the loop induced decay $b o sgamma$ has attracted a considerable amount of attention due to its potential sensitivity to new physics. In the standard model, the processes $b o sgamma_{L(R)}$ and $overline{b} o overline{s}gamma_{R(L)}$ are proportional to the Wilson coefficients $C_7(C'_7)$. The decay $B o Kpipigamma$ provides via angular analysis a parity odd observable ($lambda$) and via $B-overline{B}$ mixing a CP odd observable ($S_{ho Kgamma}$) both sensitive to the ratio $C'_7/C_7approx m_s/m_b$. The main issue is that both $lambda$ and $S_{ho Kgamma}$ are accompanied by a dilution factor originating from the strong decay. This work is focused on the estimation and modelisation of those dilution factors.The transition $B o Kpipigamma$ occurs as three subsequent decays. The weak process $B o K_{res}gamma$ is followed by the strong 3-body decay of the kaonic resonance $K_{res} o Kpipi$ via three distinct intermediate states $ho K$, $K^*pi$ and $kappapi$.The observable $S_{ho Kgamma}$ is accessible with the final state $K^0pi^+pi^-gamma$, but the presence of non CP eigenstates $K^{*pm}pi^mp$ and $kappa^pmpi^mp$ induce the dilution factor $D$.To deal with this inconvenience, we derive the expression of $D$ in terms of the partial waves $ho K$, $K^*pi$ and $kappapi$ and including the koanic resonances $K_1(1270/1400), K^*(1410)$ and $K_2^*(1430)$. The partial waves can then be fitted using the final state $K^{pm}pi^{mp}pi^{pm}gamma$, where the experimental sensitivity is higher, in order the compute the dilution factor. Then we propose a new model independent method to determine $D$, which consist in extracting the dilution factor independently of $S_{ho Kgamma}$ using final states with one neutral pion such as $K^+pi^-pi^0gamma$. Exploiting existing data with $m_{Kpipi} <1.8;$GeV$/c^2$, we obtained $D=0.92pm0.17$.When considering only $K_1(1270/1400)$ and $K^*(1410)$, fitting the angular and Dalitz plot distribution allows to extract $lambda$ with an accuracy of the order of $pm 10%$ for a sample of $5.10^3$ Monte Carlo generated events. But this require a good knowledge of different quantities of importance in the strong decay such as the $K_1$ mixing angle, individual $B o K_{res}gamma$ branching ratios and relative phases. We show that some of those parameters can simultaneously fitted with $lambda$ with a loss of accuracy of just a few percent. We derive how, using only the angular distribution, one can partially cancel contribution from the strong decay and obtain a lower bound on $|lambda|$
Espitalier-Noël, Grégory. "Phénoménologie des extensions supersymétriques non-minimales du Modèle Standard de la physique des particules". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20221/document.
Testo completoThe discovery of a particle similar to the Higgs boson predicted by the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics has been confirmed by the experiments CMS and ATLAS of the Large Hadron Collider at the CERN. However, it is not yet clear that the properties of this particle are those predicted by the SM. This, in addition with several other observations (Dark Matter,...), is a motivation for analysing supersymmetric extensions of the SM, as the NMSSM. We study in this thesis the solution of the Hierarchy problem in the NMSSM, linked with the quadratic divergences in the Higgs sector, and also the phenomenology of the NMSSM with gauge mediation supersymmetry breaking in the light of the latest data from the LHC. Finally, we present the developments made in the codes of the package NMSSMTools, featuring Monte Carlo Markov Chain methods, Fine Tuning calculus, the calculus of supersymmetric particle's cascade decays and the implementation of the general NMSSM
Klieber, Sylvie. "Optimisation du modèle des hépatocytes humains en culture primaire pour l'étude de la métabolisation des xénobiotiques". Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T030.
Testo completoNobis, Séverine. "Étude du métabolisme protéique au niveau hypothalamique, colique et gastrique dans un modèle murin d'anorexie par une approche protéomique". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR071/document.
Testo completoAnorexia nervosa, a multifactorial eating disorder, is a major public health problem and results in a severe body weight loss. The severe malnutrition observed in anorectic patients is associated with metabolic alterations inducing disturbance of the gut-brain axis. However, involved mechanisms remained poorly understood. The aim of the present thesis was to better understand the alterations of the gut-brain axis in the activity-based anorexia (ABA) model by evaluating the protein metabolism of various tissues (hypothalamus, colon and stomach) by proteomic approach. Firstly, we have better characterized the response to ABA model according to sex. Then, different proteomic analyses were performed using female C57BL/6 mice. Our results revealed a tissue-dependent adaptation of protein and energy metabolism with an increased hypothalamic activity and a decrease in the gastrointestinal tract. Indeed, ABA mice exhibited an increased expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial metabolism at the level of the hypothalamus, and conversely a decrease of proteins involved in protein and energy metabolism in colonic mucosa with a key role of the mTOR signaling pathway. Both in hypothalamus and colon, autophagy was increased. We were also able to show that gastric emptying was delayed in ABA mice that is mainly due to malnutrition. In addition, proteomic analysis revealed an increase in gastric oxidative stress in female ABA mice. These alterations may contribute to the gastrointestinal functional disorders frequently described in anorexia nervosa. In conclusions, our study underlined tissue-dependent adaptive metabolic process during anorexia that should be further explored
Calpas, Betty. "Recherche du boson de Higgs du modèle standard dans le canal ZH → e+e- bbˉ avec le détecteur DØ auprès du Tevatron". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22039/document.
Testo completoA search for a standard model Higgs boson in the ZH → e+e- bbˉ channel is presented using 4.2 fb-1 of data the DØ detector at the Tevatron. No excess of data have been found. A 95% CL limit on the ZH → e+e- bbˉ cross section production have been set
Denizot, Claire. "Validation de cultures de cellules endothéliales cérébrovasculaires comme modèle d'étude des conséquences oxydatives du métabolisme de xénobiotiques". Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10352.
Testo completoNita-Lazar, Mihai. "Reconnaissance de signaux éliciteurs d'origine fongique impliqués dans les mécanismes de défense des plantes : le modèle Fusarium-rubus". Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-315.pdf.
Testo completoMartin, Agnoux Aurore. "Étude du comportement alimentaire et du métabolisme énergétique chez le rat dans un modèle de programmation métabolique". Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=9ec0e02d-1a14-4861-af38-8aa7c6f1ff07.
Testo completoAccording to the concept of “metabolic programming”, an adverse perinatal nutritional environment and particularly a modification of the prenatal growth trajectory, could predispose to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes later in life. In this context, the present study has investigated in what extend perinatal nutrition permanently alter feeding behaviour and energy metabolism what could contribute to the onset of metabolic disorders in adulthood. This work was experimentally conducted on a rodent model of metabolic programming induced by maternal protein restriction in the perinatal period with the subsequent exposure of the adult offspring to a Western diet, where both targeted methodological approaches (behavioural, functional and biological) and untargeted metabolomic phenotyping were integrated. Our results show that a slow growth in utero permanently alters feeding rhythms, predisposes to fat accretion and alters mitochondrial function. In the offspring where only postnatal growth was slowed, despite an impaired satiety-control, the body composition is maintained and insulin sensitivity increases. Additionally, maternal protein restriction induces a change in the composition of milk, which could explain the early changes in energy metabolism and long-term reprogramming. These new data encourage further experimental and clinical research in order to improve our understanding in mechanisms involved in the development of metabolic diseases
Ciapa, Brigitte. "Un modèle pour l'étude de l'activation cellulaire : la fécondation de l'œuf d'oursin". Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4132.
Testo completoDeterre, Cécile. "Etude dans les états finals dileptoniques de différentes propriétés des paires top-antitop avec les détecteurs D0 et ATLAS". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066178.
Testo completoThe studies of different properties of the top-antitop pair in the dilepton final state are presented in this thesis. Two analyses have been performed in different experiments : D0 at the Tevatron and ATLAS at the LHC. Since the two colliders are different, the measurements from these experiments are complementary for studies of the top quark properties. The first analysis, performed at D0, consisted in measuring the top-antitop production cross-section simultaneously with the branching ratio t -> Wb. This measurement was done in the dilepton channel with a sample of data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5. 4 fb⁻¹. It has then been combined with the measurement in the semileptonic channel. We obtain a precision of 8% on the cross-section which is comparable to the precision of theoretical predictions. The second analysis, performed in ATLAS, consisted in measuring the top charge asymmetry in the dilepton channel with the full 2011 dataset corresponding to 4. 7 fb⁻¹. The result has been combined with the result for 1 fb⁻¹ of the semileptonic channel. We obtain: A^C(ttbar) = 0. 029 +- 0. 018 (stat. ) +- 0. 014 (syst. ), which is compatible with the standard model prediction of 0. 004 +- 0. 001
Le, Moue͏̈l Christophe. "Aspects de la brisure de la symétrie électro-faible dans le modèle standard supersymétrique minimal". Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20061.
Testo completoJean-Louis, Charles-Christophe. "Secteurs de Higgs et de neutrinos dans l’extension non minimale supersymétrique du modèle standard (NMSSM)". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112321.
Testo completoMarsac, Roxane. "La déficience en Adénylosuccinate Lyase - de la déficience métabolique aux défauts musculaires en utilisant le Caenorhabditis elegans comme modèle animal". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0321.
Testo completoThe purine biosynthesis pathway is a metabolic network conserved from prokaryotes to humans, ensuring ATP and GTP homeostasis. Purines can either be synthesized de novo, reused, or produced by interconversion of extant metabolites using the so-called recycling pathway. Moreover, intermediates can act as signal metabolites regulating gene expression. This pathway is well characterized in microorganisms such as heat or bacteria, but little is know about its regulation in metazoans. Different diseases are associated with deficiencies in purine synthesis enzymes leading to neuromuscular defects, autistic spectrum behaviors and psychomotor delay in humans. We focused our analysis on the deficiency of Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL), which is an enzyme involved in the purine de novo and the recycling pathways causing neuronal and muscular symptoms in patients. To better understand mechanisms underlying this deficiency, we have established C. elegans as a metazoan model organism to study the purine biosynthesis pathway, specially the ADSL deficiency. In our study, by sequence alignment, HPLC profiling and functional complementation in yeast, we have shown that both the de novo and the recycling pathway are functionally conserved in C. elegans. Thanks to our study, we are able to ascribe developmental and tissue specific phenotypes to separable steps of the purine metabolism network in a metazoan model organism. Our analysis shows that ADSL activity in the recycling pathway plays a crucial role for germline maintenance, for muscle integrity and during the post-embryonic development
Deforges, Séverine. "Analyse des effets de l'exercice physique dans un modèle murin de Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00824771.
Testo completoJamin, David. "Recherche du boson de Higgs du Modèle Standard dans le canal de désintégration ZH → vvbb sur le collisionneyr Tevatron dans l'expérience DØ". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22078/document.
Testo completoIn the Standard Model of particle physics, the Higgs boson generates elementary particles mass. Current theoretical and experimental constraints leads of a Higgs boson mass between 114.4 and 158 GeV with 95% confidence level. Moreover, Tevatron has recently excluded the mass window between 100 et 109 GeV with 95% confidence level. These results gives a clear indication search Higgs boson at low mass. Dø detector is located close to Chicago, at Tevatron, proton-antiproton collider with an energy in the center of mass 1.96 TeV. the topic of this thesis is the search of Higgs boson associated to a Z boson. It is a sensitive channel to low mass Higgs boson (<135 Gev) which has a branching ratio close to 80% in this mass range. The decay channel ZH → nunubb has in the final state 2 heavy-flavor jets and missing transverse energy due to neutrinos.The heavy-flavor jets identification is done thanks a new algorithm we have developped (SLTNN) : the method is based on semi-leptonic decay of b quarks.the Higgs boson search analysis was done with 3 fb-1 of data. The use of SLTNN permits to increase by 10% of Higgs boson tagging efficiency. On the other hand, global analysis sensitivity improvement, after taking into account the backgrounds and systematic errors, is low
Bizouard, Vincent. "Calculs de précision dans un modèle supersymétrique non minimal". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY075/document.
Testo completoAlthough the Standard Model has been very successful so far, it presents several limitations showing that it is only an effective low energy theory. For example, the neutrino masses or dark matter are not predicted in this model. Gravity is also not taken into account and we expect that it plays a quantum role at energies around the Planck mass. Moreover, radiative corrections to the Higgs boson mass suffer from quadratic divergences. All these problems underline the fact that new physics should appear, and this has to be described by an extension of the Standard Model. One well-motivated possibility is to add a new space-time symetry, called Supersymmetry, which link bosons and fermions. In its minimal extension, Supersymmetry can already solve the dark matter paradox with a natural candidate, the neutralino, and provide a cancellation of the dangerous quadratic corrections to the Higgs boson mass.In this thesis, we focussed on the Next-to-Minimal SuperSymmetric extension of the Standard Model, the NMSSM. To compare theoretical predictions with experiments, physical observables must be computed precisely. Since these calculations are long and complex, automatisation is desirable. This was done by developping SloopS, a program to compute one-loop decay width and cross-section at one-loop order in Supersymmetry. With this code, we first analysed the decay of the Higgs boson in a photon and a Z boson. This decay mode is induced at the quantum level and thus is an interesting probe of new physics. Its measurement has been started during Run 1 of the LHC and is continued now in Run 2. The possibility of deviation between the measured signal strength and the one predicted by the Standard Model motivates a careful theoretical analysis in beyond Standard Models which we realised within the NMSSM. Our goal was to compute radiative corrections for any process in this model. To cancel the ultraviolet divergences appearing in higher order computations, we had to carry out and implement the renormalisation of the NMSSM in SloopS. Finally, it was possible to use the renormalised model to compute radiatives corrections to masses and decay widths of Higgs bosons and supersymmetric particles in the NMSSM and to compare the results between different renormalisation schemes
Mutel, Élodie. "Caractérisation d'un nouveau modèle murin de glycogénose de type 1a : du métabolisme glucidique à la thérapie génique". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858006.
Testo completoRoy, Isabelle. "Contribution à la mise en place d'un modèle "in vitro" prédictif de l'absorption et du métabolisme intestinal". Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P159.
Testo completoMutel, Élodie. "Caractérisation d’un nouveau modèle murin de glycogénose de type 1a : du métabolisme glucidique à la thérapie génique". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10005/document.
Testo completoGlycogen storage disease type 1a (GSD1a) is a rare metabolic disorder due to an absence of glucose‐6 phosphatase (G6Pase) activity. G6Pase is the key enzyme of endogenous glucose production (EGP) and catalyzes the last step before the glucose release into the bloodstream. This function to produce glucose is restricted to the liver, the kidneys and the intestine. GSD1a is characterized by chronic hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly associated with hepatic steatosis and nephromegaly. The longterm complications of G6Pase deficiency include hepatocellular adenomas. The available animal model of GSD1a rarely survive over three months of age and the study of mechanisms of hepatocellular adenomas development cannot be investigated. So, we generated an original mouse model of GSD1a with a liver‐specific invalidation of catalytic subunit of G6Pase gene by an inducible CRE‐LOX strategy (L‐G6pc‐/‐ mice). In this work, we demonstrated that L‐G6pc‐/‐ were viable and totally reproduced the liver pathology of GSD1a, including the late development of hepatocellular adenomas. Then, we have begun liver gene therapy treatment using lentiviral and AAV vectors to correct the hepatic pathology. Finally, concerning glucose homeostasis, we have demonstrated that L‐G6pc‐/‐ were able to regulate blood glucose, during prolonged fast, even in the absence of hepatic glucose production. Rapidly, L‐G6pc‐/‐ mice were able to induce renal and intestinal gluconeogenesis thanks to a key role of glucagon and the development of a metabolic acidosis. These results provide evidence that the major role of the liver for EGP during fasting requires re‐examination
Malaescu, B. "Mesures précises de sections efficaces e^+e^− → Hadrons : tests du Modèle Standard et applications en QCD". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00519719.
Testo completoMalaescu, Bogdan. "Mesures précises de sections efficaces e໋ e ֿ→ Hadrons : tests du modèle standard et applications en QCD". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112095.
Testo completoThe scope of this thesis is to obtain and use accurate data on e+e annihilation into hadrons at energies of the order 1 GeV, for searches of new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. The different parts of this thesis describe four aspects of my work in this context. (1) Measurements of cross sections as a function of energy necessitate the unfolding of data spectra from detector effects. I propose a new iterative unfolding method for experimental data, with improved capabilities compared to existing tools. I apply it for the channels 2, 2 and 2K. (2) The experimental core of this thesis is a study of the process e+e->K+K from threshold to 5 GeV using the initial state radiation (ISR) method, through the measurement of e+e->K+K(γ) with the BABAR detector. I have performed this analysis which achieves a systematic uncertainty of 0. 7\% on the dominant resonance. (3) The prediction of the muon magnetic moment is done within the SM. The present comparison between the direct measurement and our (e+e-based) prediction shows an interesting hint for new physics (3. 2 effect). (4) The S determination is revisited and a very precise result on S(m2) is obtained (0. 344±0. 005(exp)±0. 007(th)), using the spectral functions from decays measured by ALEPH. When evolved to the Z mass, this value agrees with S(m2) directly measured from the Z width. This result is the most precise test of the S running in QCD
Feillet, François. "Adaptation métabolique à la malnutrition : modèle des lipides, de la cobalamine, de la riboflavine et des acides organiques dans la malnutrition protéino-énergétique de l'enfant et dans l'anorexie mentale". Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0296_FEILLET.pdf.
Testo completoFatih, Nadia. "Caractérisation in vitro de régulateurs de l'expression de l'hepcidine dans un modèle d'hépatocytes de souris différenciés". Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S008.
Testo completoIron is essential. Hepcidin, a protein synthesized by hepatocytes, plays a predominant role in regulation of iron origins. An altered hepcidin expression often causes iron metabolism diseases. The aim of this work was to study mechanisms that control hepcidin expression, in order to permit an improvement in the follow up of patients with abnormal hepcidin expression. We developed a coculture model which permits maintenance of hepatocyte differentiated functions. Our results highlight the role of STAT3 pathway in the control of hepcidin expression. We showed the impact of STAT3 inhibitors on hepcidin expression and it should lead to study their potential benefit in the treatment of hyperhepcidinemias. Our coculture model allowed us to analyse Atoh8 biological role in hepcidin regulation. ATOH8 could be a repressor of hepcidin expression and its regulation could involve BMP/SMAD and IL6/STAT3 pathways