Articoli di riviste: "Mondulkiri"

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Hossainey, Muhammad Riadul Haque, Saiful Arefeen Sazed, Maisha Khair Nima, Mohammad Saydur Rahman, Tanvir Ashraf, Abu Asad Chowdhury, Mohammad Abdur Rashid, Rashidul Haque e Mohammad Shafiul Alam. "Investigation of antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity profiling of a Bangladeshi plant Syzygium cymosum". Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 14, n. 08 (31 agosto 2020): 924–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12740.

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Introduction: The persistent increase of resistance to existing antimalarials underscores the needs for new drugs. Historically, most of the successful antimalarial are derived from plants. The leaves of the S. cymosum is one of the plant materials used by traditional healers in malaria-endemic areas in Bangladesh for treatment of malaria. Here, we investigated the crude extract and its fractions against chloroquine (CQ)-sensitive 3D7, CQ-resistant Dd2, and artemisinin (ART)-resistant IPC 4912 Mondulkiri strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Methodology: The antimalarial activities were tested using HRP II based in-vitro antimalarial drug sensitivity ELISA described by WWARN and half inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were calculated by non-linear regression analysis using GraphaPad Prism. The cytotoxicity of the crude methanolic extract was assessed using the MTT assay on Vero cell line. Results: The methanolic crude extract revealed promising activity against 3D7 (IC50 6.28 µg/mL), Dd2 (IC50 13.42 µg/mL), and moderate activity against IPC 4912 Mondulkiri (IC50 17.47 µg/mL). Among the fractionated portions, the chloroform fraction revealed highest activity against IPC 4912 Mondulkiri (IC50 1.65 µg/mL) followed by Dd2 (1.73 µg/mL) and 3D7 (2.39 µg/mL). The crude methanolic extract also demonstrated good selectivity with the selectivity indices of > 15.92, > 7.45, and > 6.91 against 3D7, Dd2, and IPC 4912, respectively when tested against Vero cell line. Conclusions: This is the first report on S. cymosum for its putative antimalarial activity, and is imperative to go for further phytochemical analyses in order to investigate possible novel antimalarial drug compound(s).

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KOSTERIN, OLEG E. "Rediscovery of Lestes nigriceps Fraser, 1924 (Odonata: Lestidae) in eastern Cambodia". Zootaxa 4526, n. 4 (3 dicembre 2018): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4526.4.8.

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Lestes nigriceps Fraser, 1924 was described from a male (later the lectotype) and two non-conspecific females collected in 1922 at Pusa, Bihar State, India, and has never been reported since. In June 2018 a population of L. nigriceps was unexpectedly found in eastern Cambodia, Mondulkiri Province. The Cambodian males, their variation and, for the first time, the true female of L. nigriceps is described.

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Hing, Sampho, e Rebecca Riggs. "Re-thinking benefits of community protected areas in Mondulkiri, Cambodia". Trees, Forests and People 6 (dicembre 2021): 100128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2021.100128.

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Starr, Carly, K. A. I. Nekaris, Ulrike Streicher e Luke K. P. Leung. "Field surveys of the Vulnerable pygmy slow loris Nycticebus pygmaeus using local knowledge in Mondulkiri Province, Cambodia". Oryx 45, n. 1 (gennaio 2011): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310001316.

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AbstractThe pygmy slow loris Nycticebus pygmaeus is a little-studied primate endemic to Vietnam, Laos, southern China and eastern Cambodia. Our study aimed to gain local knowledge on the distribution and ecology of, and threats to, the species by interviewing hunters, traders and wildlife protection staff, and to verify this information using a spotlighting survey in three major reserves in Mondulkiri Province, Cambodia. Encounter rates of pygmy loris were assessed along 29 transects (129.5 km), yielding observations of 26 individuals. Mean encounter rates were 0.40 km-1 in Seima Protection Forest, 0.10 km-1 in Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary and 0.00 km-1 in Mondulkiri Protected Forest. Informants had knowledge of where populations occurred, their diet, sociality and habitat preferences. Widespread large population declines were reported and informants linked this to high hunting pressure, particularly in 2001 and 2002. In late 2008 and 2009 we resurveyed three transects that had high encounter rates in early 2008 and failed to detect any lorises. Local informants reported high hunting pressure during the previous wet season in two of these sites, and a gold mine development was underway in the third site. Urgent actions are required to address these population declines and to assess the conservation status of pygmy lorises throughout eastern Cambodia.

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KOSTERIN, OLEG E., e TOM KOMPIER. "Coeliccia rolandorum sp. nov. from eastern Cambodia and southern Vietnam, the eastern relative of C. kazukoae Asahina, 1984 (Odonata: Platycnemididae)". Zootaxa 4341, n. 4 (1 novembre 2017): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4341.4.4.

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Coeliccia rolandorum sp. nov. is described from the eastern Cambodia (holotype: Cambodia, Mondulkiri Province, Buu Sraa Waterfall environs, 12°34' N 107°24' E, ~780 m a.s.l., 16 June 2014, RMNH) and southern and central Vietnam. It is related to C. kazukoae, which is known from the Cardamom and Sankamphaeng Mts., and replaces it in eastern Indochina. New distributional data on C. kazukoae are presented and its characters are discussed with respect to their change with age.

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Guerin, Eric. "Apis dorsata Honey Hunting and Honey Trading in Mondulkiri (Eastern Cambodia)". Bee World 97, n. 2 (22 novembre 2019): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0005772x.2019.1692644.

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Ehrenbergerová, Lenka, Marie Klimková, Yessika Garcia Cano, Hana Habrová, Samuel Lvončík, Daniel Volařík, Warbota Khum et al. "Does Shade Impact Coffee Yield, Tree Trunk, and Soil Moisture on Coffea canephora Plantations in Mondulkiri, Cambodia?" Sustainability 13, n. 24 (14 dicembre 2021): 13823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413823.

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Shade is a natural condition for coffee plants; however, unshaded plantations currently predominate in Asia. The benefits of shading increase as the environment becomes less favorable for coffee cultivation, e.g., because of climate change. It is necessary to determine the effects of shade on the yield of Coffea canephora and on the soil water availability. Therefore, three coffee plantations (of 3, 6, and 9 ha) in the province of Mondulkiri, Cambodia, were selected to evaluate the effect of shade on Coffea canephora yields, coffee bush trunk changes, and soil moisture. Our study shows that shade-grown coffee delivers the same yields as coffee that is grown without shading in terms of coffee bean weight or size (comparing average values and bean variability), the total weight of coffee fruits per coffee shrub and the total weight of 100 fruits (fresh and dry). Additionally, fruit ripeness was not influenced by shade in terms of variability nor in terms of a possible delay in ripening. There was no difference in the coffee stem diameter changes between shaded and sunny sites, although the soil moisture was shown to be higher throughout the shaded sites.

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Gray, Thomas N. E., Sovanna Prum, Chanrattana Pin e Channa Phan. "Distance sampling reveals Cambodia's Eastern Plains Landscape supports the largest global population of the Endangered banteng Bos javanicus". Oryx 46, n. 4 (ottobre 2012): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605312000567.

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AbstractThe banteng Bos javanicus is a globally threatened species of wild cattle restricted to South-East Asia. We report the first robust estimate of banteng density and population size from anywhere in the species' global range, using distance-based line transect sampling within two protected areas, Mondulkiri Protected Forest and Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary, which form part of the Eastern Plains Landscape, Cambodia. We surveyed 110 line transects multiple times during the dry seasons of 2009–2010 and 2010–2011. In a total survey effort of 1,310 km there were 63 encounters with banteng. The mean estimate of the population across the 3,406 km2 study area is 3,200 (95% confidence interval 1,980–5,170). This suggests that the protected area complex of the Eastern Plains Landscape supports the majority of the global population of banteng. Stronger protection, both in the form of increased anti-hunting and poaching patrols and integrated land-use planning to prevent habitat loss within protected areas, is essential for securing wild cattle populations in the Eastern Plains Landscape.

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Hak, Sochanny, John McAndrew e Andreas Neef. "Impact of Government Policies and Corporate Land Grabs on Indigenous People’s Access to Common Lands and Livelihood Resilience in Northeast Cambodia". Land 7, n. 4 (19 ottobre 2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land7040122.

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Cambodia has become a principal target of transnational (and domestic) land grabs over the past decade, mostly in the form of economic land concessions (ELCs). The northeastern part of the country—where the majority of Cambodia’s indigenous people reside—is a particular hotspot. In this article, we discuss three policy mechanisms that the Cambodian government has employed to extend and legitimize land exclusions in the name of national economic development through the example of two indigenous villages in Srae Preah Commune, Mondulkiri Province. First, we show how the allocation of two ELCs has deprived indigenous communities of their communally managed land. Second, we examine how communal land titling processes have failed to provide indigenous villagers with effective legal mechanisms to counteract ELCs and land encroachment by internal migrants. Third, we elucidate how the promotion of cash crop production contributed to livelihood and land use transitions from a reliance on forest resources in 2003 to a dependence on cash crops in 2012 to a struggle to remain resilient amid a slump in crop prices in 2018. We conclude that the combination of these policies has undermined communal ownership and livelihood resilience under a situation of limited exit strategies.

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Kosterin, O. E. "Occasional photographic records of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea) in Cambodia. 2. Ratanakiri and Mondulkiri Provinces of Eastern Cambodia, 2013-2018." Acta Biologica Sibirica 5, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2019): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/abs.v5.i4.6816.

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In this article we presented the casual photographic records of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) made along with the studies on the Odonata fauna in 33 localities of two eastern provinces of Cambodia, Ratanakiri and Mondilkiri in 2013-2018. The butterflies were photographed in purely natural conditions without any restriction of their freedom and mobility, using two cameras, Olympus Camedia C8080 and Canon EOS 350D, the latter with the lens Sigma AF 24-70 mm F2.8 EX DG MACRO. Coordinates were obtained with Garmine eTrex H personal GPS navigator and revised with Google Earth; elevations were retrieved from Google Earth. In total, we identified 118 and provisionally identified five species; 19 species (Abisara cf. bifasciata, Poritia cf. hewitsoni, Ahmetia achaja, Arhopala nicevillei, Sinthusa chandrana, Virachola sp. cf. kessuma, Zizeera maha, Tirumala limniace, Junonia hierta, Yoma sabina, Terinos clarissa, Euripus nyctelius, Lethe rohria, Bibasis sena, Caprona agama, C. alida, Aeromachus cf. pygmaeus, Gangara thyrsis, and Udaspes folus) and one subspecies (Kallima inachus alboinachus) are reported for Cambodia for the first time. We also illustrated these species as well as some more provisionally identified and unidentified for this region.

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KOSTERIN, OLEG E. "Description of a female and variation of Microgomphus alani Kosterin, 2016 (Odonata: Gomphidae) in Cambodia, with a note on sexual dimorphism in Microgomphus spp." Zootaxa 4701, n. 3 (28 novembre 2019): 276–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4701.3.4.

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Microgomphus alani Kosterin, 2016 was described from two teneral males from the Cardamom Mts. in SW Cambodia; it turned out that the description was based on the holotype with the anal appendages not fully expanded. Further specimens of M. alani (all mature) are reported: a male and two females from the Phnom Kulen Mts, NW Cambodia and five males and one female from Mondulkiri Province, E Cambodia. The appendage shape in mature males is illustrated and discussed and the female is described for the first time. The specimens from E Cambodia are ca 15-20% larger than those from SW and NW Cambodia and exhibit some differences in the shapes of the male epiproct and anterior hamulus and face maculation, however evaluated as insufficient to erect a new taxon. A hitherto neglected manifestation of sexual dimorphism in probably most Microgomphus spp. and at least some Heliogomphus spp. is pointed out. It concerns the mid- and metafemur, in males armed with numerous, dense and small spinulets but with two rows of long, sparse spines in females. An earlier report of Microgomphus jurzitzai Karube, 2000 for Cambodia was based on a misidentified M. alani specimen and is cancelled. A female specimen earlier identified and described from Thailand as Heliogomphus selysi Fraser, 1925 most probably was M. alani as well.

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Chassagne, François, Sovanmoly Hul, Eric Deharo e Geneviève Bourdy. "Natural remedies used by Bunong people in Mondulkiri province (Northeast Cambodia) with special reference to the treatment of 11 most common ailments". Journal of Ethnopharmacology 191 (settembre 2016): 41–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.003.

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"Langue et littérature des Phnongs de Mondulkiri (Cambodge)". La lettre du Collège de France, n. 25 (1 marzo 2009): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/lettre-cdf.503.

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Liverani, Marco, Jacques Derek Charlwood, Harriet Lawford e Shunmay Yeung. "Field assessment of a novel spatial repellent for malaria control: a feasibility and acceptability study in Mondulkiri, Cambodia". Malaria Journal 16, n. 1 (13 ottobre 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2059-6.

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Scheer, Catherine. "Subaltern soldiers: Overshadowed Bunong highlanders in the Khmer Republic's army, 1970–75". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 21 giugno 2022, 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463422000273.

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Little is known about Cambodia's highland minorities during the late 1960s and early 1970s, when the Khmer Rouge and Vietnamese communists were infiltrating their homelands on the ground and American bombers attacking them from the sky. When inhabitants of the northeastern regions are mentioned in histories about the Khmer Rouge's coming to power, it is mainly as bodyguards of Pol Pot, who represented them as remnants of an uncorrupted ‘primitive democracy’. However, stories heard in the highlands raise different narratives, notably those of Bunong men and their families who left Mondulkiri province for Phnom Penh, where they enlisted in the weak pro-American Khmer Republic's army. These stories, told by the few who survived the mission and by the many who lost relatives to it, complicate the history of this convoluted period by bringing to light the Bunongs’ previously unmentioned involvement within the Forces Armées Nationales Khmères. Neither visceral rebels, nor unconditional allies, these Cambodian highlanders were and still are complex actors, whose engagements constitute a much-needed disturbance of dominant (historical) records.

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Teck, Vanna, Ate Poortinga, Carlos Riano, Kshitij Dahal, Richelle Marie B. Legaspi, Vannak Ann e Ratha Chea. "Land use and land cover change implications on agriculture and natural resource management of Koah Nheaek, Mondulkiri province, Cambodia". Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, dicembre 2022, 100895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2022.100895.

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Mairet-Khedim, Melissa, Rithea Leang, Camille Marmai, Nimol Khim, Saorin Kim, Sopheakvatey Ke, Chhayleang Kauy et al. "Clinical and in vitro resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to artesunate-amodiaquine in Cambodia". Clinical Infectious Diseases, 27 maggio 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa628.

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Abstract Background Artesunate-amodiaquine is a potential therapy for uncomplicated malaria in Cambodia. Methods Between September 2016 and January 2017, artesunate-amodiaquine efficacy and safety were evaluated in a prospective, open-label, single-arm observational study at health centers in Mondulkiri, Pursat and Siem Reap Provinces, Cambodia. Adults and children with microscopically-confirmed Plasmodium falciparum malaria received oral artesunate-amodiaquine once daily for three days plus single-dose primaquine, with follow-up on Days 7, 14, 21 and 28. The primary outcome was Day-28 PCR-adjusted adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR). An amodiaquine parasite survival assay (AQSA) was developed and applied to whole genome sequencing results to evaluate potential amodiaquine resistance molecular markers. Results In 63 patients, Day-28 PCR-adjusted ACPR was 81.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.9–88.7). Day 3 parasite positivity rate was 44.4% (28/63; 95%CI, 31.9–57.5). All 63 isolates had the K13(C580Y) marker for artemisinin resistance; 79.4% (50/63) had Pfpm2 amplification. The AQSA resistance phenotype (≥45% parasite survival) was expressed in 36.5% (23/63) of isolates and was significantly associated with treatment failure (P = 0.0020). Pfmdr1 mutant haplotypes were N86/184F/D1246 and Pfcrt was CVIET or CVIDT at positions 72–76. Additional Pfcrt mutations were not associated with amodiaquine resistance, but the G353V mutant allele was associated with ACPR compared to Pfmdr1 haplotypes harboring F1068L or S784L/R945P mutations (P = 0.030 and P = 0.0004, respectively). Conclusions For uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Cambodia, artesunate-amodiaquine had inadequate efficacy owing to amodiaquine-resistant P. falciparum. Amodiaquine resistance was not associated with previously identified molecular markers.

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Sandfort, Mirco, Amélie Vantaux, Saorin Kim, Thomas Obadia, Anaïs Pepey, Soazic Gardais, Nimol Khim et al. "Forest malaria in Cambodia: the occupational and spatial clustering of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infection risk in a cross-sectional survey in Mondulkiri province, Cambodia". Malaria Journal 19, n. 1 (19 novembre 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03482-4.

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Abstract Background After a marked reduction in malaria burden in Cambodia over the last decades, case numbers increased again in 2017–2018. In light of the national goal of malaria elimination by 2025, remaining pockets of high risk need to be well defined and strategies well-tailored to identify and target the persisting burden cost-effectively. This study presents species-specific prevalence estimates and risk stratification for a remote area in Cambodia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 17 villages in the high-incidence province Mondulkiri in the dry season (December 2017 to April 2018). 4200 randomly selected participants (2–80 years old) were tested for Plasmodium infection by PCR. Risk of infection was associated with questionnaire-derived covariates and spatially stratified based on household GPS coordinates. Results The prevalence of PCR-detectable Plasmodium infection was 8.3% (349/4200) and was more than twice as high for Plasmodium vivax (6.4%, 268) than for Plasmodium falciparum (3.0%, 125, p < 0.001). 97.8% (262/268) of P. vivax and 92.8% (116/125, p < 0.05) of P. falciparum infections were neither accompanied by symptoms at the time of the interview nor detected by microscopy or RDT. Recent travels to forest sites (aOR 2.17, p < 0.01) and forest work (aOR 2.88, p < 0.001) were particularly strong risk factors and risk profiles for both species were similar. Large village-level differences in prevalence of Plasmodium infection were observed, ranging from 0.6% outside the forest to 40.4% inside. Residing in villages at the forest fringe or inside the forest compared to outside was associated with risk of infection (aOR 2.14 and 12.47, p < 0.001). Villages inside the forest formed spatial hotspots of infection despite adjustment for the other risk factors. Conclusions Persisting pockets of high malaria risk were detected in forested areas and in sub-populations engaging in forest-related activities. High levels of asymptomatic infections suggest the need of better case detection plans and the predominance of P. vivax the implementation of radical cure. In villages inside the forest, within-village exposure was indicated in addition to risk due to forest activities. Village-level stratification of targeted interventions based on forest proximity could render the elimination efforts more cost-effective and successful.

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Lim, Thona, Elizabeth Oneita Davis, Brian Crudge, Vichet Roth e Jenny Anne Glikman. "Traditional Khmer Medicine and its role in wildlife use in modern-day Cambodia". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 18, n. 1 (24 settembre 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13002-022-00553-5.

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AbstractIndividuals across Cambodia depend on the use of natural products in Traditional Khmer Medicine (TKM), a traditional medicine system in Cambodia that has been practiced for hundreds of years. Cambodia is rich in fauna and flora species, many of which have been, and continue to be, traded domestically for traditional medicine use. Combined with other known exploitative practices, such as snaring for wild meat consumption and international trade in wildlife, domestic trade in wildlife medicine threatens populations of regional conservation importance. Here, we provide an updated understanding about how TKM is practiced in modern times; how TKM practices are transmitted and adapted; and roles of wildlife part remedies in TKM historically and presently. We conducted semi-structured interviews with TKM practitioners in Stung Treng, Mondulkiri Province, and at the National Center for Traditional Medicine in Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia. TKM is generally practiced in the private sector and is mostly informal, without enrollment in any academic training. TKM practitioner roles commonly involve collecting, preparing, selling, and advising on medicine, rather than providing direct treatment. Over half of the interviewed TKM practitioners (57.6%) were still prescribing wildlife parts as medicine over the past 5 years, with 28 species of wild animals reported. Lorises and porcupine were the wildlife products cited as being in highest demand in TKM, primarily prescribed for women’s illnesses such as post-partum fatigue (Toas and Sawsaye kchey). However, the supply of wildlife products sourced from the wild was reported to have dropped in the 5 years prior to the survey, which represents an opportunity to reduce prescription of threatened wildlife. We suggest that our results be used to inform tailored demand reduction interventions designed to encourage greater reliance on biomedicine and non-threatened plants, particularly in rural areas where use of biomedicine may still be limited.

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Leang, Rithea, Melissa Mairet-Khedim, Huch Chea, Rekol Huy, Nimol Khim, Denis Mey Bouth, Maria Dorina Bustos, Pascal Ringwald e Benoit Witkowski. "Efficacy and Safety of Pyronaridine-Artesunate plus Single-Dose Primaquine for Treatment of UncomplicatedPlasmodium falciparumMalaria in Eastern Cambodia". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 63, n. 3 (2 gennaio 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02242-18.

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ABSTRACTIn Cambodia, multidrug-resistantPlasmodium falciparumundermines the treatment of uncomplicated malaria, and new therapeutic options are needed. Pyronaridine-artesunate has not previously been evaluated in eastern Cambodia. We conducted a single-arm, open-label, prospective study between July and December 2017 at the Koh Gnek (Mondulkiri) and Veun Sai (Rattanakiri) health centers in eastern Cambodia. Eligible patients were aged ≥7 years (females, ages 12 to 18 years, were excluded), weighing ≥20 kg, with microscopically confirmedP. falciparummonoinfection and fever. Oral pyronaridine-artesunate was administered once daily for 3 days, dosed according to body weight, plus a single dose of primaquine on day 0. Sixty patients were recruited to Koh Gnek, and 61 patients were recruited to Veun Sai. The primary outcomes, i.e., the day 42 PCR-adjusted adequate clinical and parasitological responses (ACPRs), were 98.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 88.4 to 99.8) in Koh Gnek and 96.7% (95% CI, 87.3 to 99.2) in Veun Sai (Kaplan-Meier). In a per-protocol analysis, the proportions of patients with day 42 PCR-adjusted ACPRs were 98.3% (57/58; 95% CI, 90.8 to 100.0) at Koh Gnek and 96.7% (58/60; 95% CI, 88.5 to 99.6) at Veun Sai. TheKelch13(C580Y) mutation was present in 70.0% (77/110) of isolates. The copy numbers were increased in 61.3% (73/119) of isolates forPfpm2and in 1.7% (2/119) forPfmdr1. There was no relationship between outcome and the 50% inhibitory concentration of pyronaridine. Adverse events were consistent with malaria, and there were no serious adverse events. Pyronaridine-artesunate has high efficacy in eastern Cambodia and could be used to increase the diversity of antimalarial therapy in the region. (This study is registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry [ANZCTR] under no. ACTRN12618001300268.)

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Mondulkiri"

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