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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Musculoskeletal system Human engineering. Industrial safety. Industrial engineering"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 1 febbraio 2022

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1

Sánchez-Lite, A., e M. García-García. "Simulation and Ergonomics Approach for Service & Manufacturing Process Improvement". Key Engineering Materials 502 (febbraio 2012): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.502.121.

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The human factor is a key variable in the efficiency of the product-process development system. The ability to be able to predict the influence of this factor in the process is a significant challenge in manufacturing engineering, as well as the consequences that the process designed has on this factor. All ergonomic considerations have traditionally been evaluated without using 3D product design. Nowadays, 3D process design technologies and simulation tools allow us the opportunity from the earliest stages of the design process. They can also be used to improve current processes in order to increase human comfort, productivity and safety. This paper describes a methodology using 3D design and simulation tools to improve industrial and service processes. This methodology has as an objective the detection, evaluation and control of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs).

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Fox, Stephen, Olli Aranko, Juhani Heilala e Päivi Vahala. "Exoskeletons". Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 31, n. 6 (17 giugno 2019): 1261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-01-2019-0023.

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Purpose Exoskeletons are mechanical structures that humans can wear to increase their strength and endurance. The purpose of this paper is to explain how exoskeletons can be used to improve performance across five phases of manufacturing. Design/methodology/approach Multivocal literature review, encompassing scientific literature and the grey literature of online reports, etc., to inform comprehensive, comparative and critical analyses of the potential of exoskeletons to improve manufacturing performance. Findings There are at least eight different types of exoskeletons that can be used to improve human strength and endurance in manual work during different phases of production. However, exoskeletons can have the unintended negative consequence of reducing human flexibility leading to new sources of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and accidents. Research limitations/implications Findings are relevant to function allocation research concerned with manual production work. In particular, exoskeletons could exacerbate the traditional trade-off between human flexibility and robot consistency by making human workers less flexible. Practical implications The introduction of exoskeletons requires careful health and safety planning if exoskeletons are to improve human strength and endurance without introducing new sources of MSD and accidents. Originality/value The originality of this paper is that it provides detailed information about a new manufacturing technology: exoskeletons. The value of this paper is that it provides information that is comprehensive, comparative and critical about exoskeletons as a potential alternative to robotics across five phases of manufacturing.

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CHOU, PEI-HSI, YOU-LI CHOU, SHANG-LIN LEE, JIA-YUAN YOU, FONG-CHIN SU e HSIEH-CHIN CHEN. "KINEMATICAL STRATEGY TO REGAIN BALANCE DURING A FORWARD FALL ON A SLIPPERY FLOOR". Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 13, n. 01 (25 febbraio 2001): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237201000054.

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Slips and falls often occur in the industrial environments. They are not only caused by environmental hazards but also by some biomechanical factors related to deficient ability of postural control to arrest impending falls. The purpose of this study is to simulate the slip condition in human walking and to find out the possible related factors of biomechanics. Eleven male and 9 female recruited were healthful without any musculoskeletal and neurological impairments. In order to provide different disturbance level, three lean angles of tilting boards were designed as 10, 20, 30 degrees with respect to horizontal plane. Subjects wore a safety harness, stood on the tilting board and were released without awareness. A forceplate applied a soap patch was in front of the tilting board to serve the slippery perturbation and to measure the fool/floor reactions. Movements of body segments were measured using the motion analysis system. The results were shown that lean angle had a significant effect to all parameters except step length, response time, maximum ankle forward velocity, hip forward velocity, and ankle flex angle. The gender significantly affected on the step length, response time, maximum ankle forward velocity, and knee forward velocity. Larger lean angle made subjects to take a more rapid step. In order to absorb the shock in foot strike, subjects flexed more their knee and increased the foot landing angle in larger lean angle. Male tended to adopt the long step-length strategy to respond to the slippery perturbation and female tended to use the short step-length strategy instead. The results of maximum ankle forward velocity suggested that short step-length strategy could be belter to reduce the foot slip than long step-length strategy.

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Long, Philip, Christine Chevallereau, Damien Chablat e Alexis Girin. "An industrial security system for human-robot coexistence". Industrial Robot: An International Journal 45, n. 2 (19 marzo 2018): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-09-2017-0165.

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Purpose The installation of industrial robots requires security barriers, a costly, time-consuming exercise. Collaborative robots may offer a solution; however, these systems only comply with safety standards if operating at reduced speeds. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and implementation of a novel security system that allows human–robot coexistence while permitting the robot to execute much of its task at nominal speed. Design/methodology/approach The security system is defined by three modes: a nominal mode, a coexistence mode and a gravity compensation mode. Mode transition is triggered by three lasers, two of which are mechanically linked to the robot. These scanners create a dynamic envelope around the robot and allow the detection of operator presence or environmental changes. To avoid velocity discontinuities between transitions, the authors propose a novel time scaling method. Findings The paper describes the system’s mechanical, software and control architecture. The system is demonstrated experimentally on a collaborative robot and is compared with the performance of a state-of-art security system. Both a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the new system is carried out. Practical implications The mode transition method is easily implemented, requires little computing power and leaves the trajectories unchanged. As velocity discontinuities are avoided, motor wear is reduced. The execution time is substantially less than a commercial alternative. These advantages can lead to economic benefits in high-volume manufacturing environments. Originality/value This paper proposes a novel system that is based on industrial material but can generate dynamic safety zones for a collaborative robot.

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Creehan, Kevin D., e Bopaya Bidanda. "Computer-aided reverse engineering of the human musculoskeletal system". Virtual and Physical Prototyping 1, n. 2 (giugno 2006): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17452750600648478.

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Maithani, Harsh, Juan Antonio Corrales Ramon, Laurent Lequievre, Youcef Mezouar e Matthieu Alric. "Exoscarne: Assistive Strategies for an Industrial Meat Cutting System Based on Physical Human-Robot Interaction". Applied Sciences 11, n. 9 (26 aprile 2021): 3907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093907.

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Musculoskeletal disorders of the wrist are common in the meat industry. A proof of concept of a physical human-robot interaction (pHRI)-based assistive strategy for an industrial meat cutting system is demonstrated which can be transferred to an exoskeleton later. We discuss how a robot can assist a human in pHRI, specifically in the context of an industrial project i.e for the meat cutting industry. We developed an impedance control-based system that enables a KUKA LWR robot to provide assistive forces to a professional butcher while simultaneously allowing motion of the knife (tool) in all degrees of freedom. We developed two assistive strategies—a force amplification strategy and an intent prediction strategy—and integrated them into an impedance controller.

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Mohammadi Amin, Fatemeh, Maryam Rezayati, Hans Wernher van de Venn e Hossein Karimpour. "A Mixed-Perception Approach for Safe Human–Robot Collaboration in Industrial Automation". Sensors 20, n. 21 (7 novembre 2020): 6347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216347.

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Digital-enabled manufacturing systems require a high level of automation for fast and low-cost production but should also present flexibility and adaptiveness to varying and dynamic conditions in their environment, including the presence of human beings; however, this presence of workers in the shared workspace with robots decreases the productivity, as the robot is not aware about the human position and intention, which leads to concerns about human safety. This issue is addressed in this work by designing a reliable safety monitoring system for collaborative robots (cobots). The main idea here is to significantly enhance safety using a combination of recognition of human actions using visual perception and at the same time interpreting physical human–robot contact by tactile perception. Two datasets containing contact and vision data are collected by using different volunteers. The action recognition system classifies human actions using the skeleton representation of the latter when entering the shared workspace and the contact detection system distinguishes between intentional and incidental interactions if physical contact between human and cobot takes place. Two different deep learning networks are used for human action recognition and contact detection, which in combination, are expected to lead to the enhancement of human safety and an increase in the level of cobot perception about human intentions. The results show a promising path for future AI-driven solutions in safe and productive human–robot collaboration (HRC) in industrial automation.

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Rajnathsing, Hemant, e Chenggang Li. "A neural network based monitoring system for safety in shared work-space human-robot collaboration". Industrial Robot: An International Journal 45, n. 4 (18 giugno 2018): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-04-2018-0079.

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PurposeHuman–robot collaboration (HRC) is on the rise in a bid for improved flexibility in production cells. In the context of overlapping workspace between a human operator and an industrial robot, the major cause for concern rests on the safety of the former.Design/methodology/approachIn light of recent advances and trends, this paper proposes to implement a monitoring system for the shared workspace HRC, which supplements the robot, to locate the human operator and to ensure that at all times a minimum safe distance is respected by the robot with respect to its human partner. The monitoring system consists of four neural networks, namely, an object detector, two neural networks responsible for assessing the detections and a simple, custom speech recognizer.FindingsIt was observed that with due consideration of the production cell, it is possible to create excellent data sets which result in promising performances of the neural networks. Each neural network can be further improved by using its mistakes as examples thrown back in the data set. Thus, the whole monitoring system can achieve a reliable performance.Practical implicationsSuccess of the proposed framework may lead to any industrial robot being suitable for use in HRC.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a system comprising neural networks in most part, and it looks at a digital representation of the workspace from a different angle. The exclusive use of neural networks is seen as an attempt to propose a system which can be relatively easily deployed in industrial settings as neural networks can be fine-tuned for adjustments.

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Baran, Güvenç, Asuman Doğan e Recep Akdur. "The musculoskeletal system complaints of office workers at a vehicle production factory". Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries 21, n. 5 (24 gennaio 2011): 474–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20250.

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AFRAZEH, ABBAS, e HEINZ BARTSCH. "HUMAN RELIABITIY AND FLIGHT SAFETY". International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 14, n. 05 (ottobre 2007): 501–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539307002763.

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This paper through a systematic view considers the subject of Airplane — Flight crew system, as an intricate system of Man and Machine. And we study its Reliability on Flight Safety with an emphasis on Human factor. Aiming at the above goals. As we define the constituents of the system from a Socio-Technical perspective, introduce main factors involved in brining about Human errors in such a system. Finally we discuss the methods and procedures for the reduction of these errors which leads eventually to the promotion of Human reliability and consequently the Flight Safety.

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Pascual, Silvia A., Mardy B. Frazer, Richard Wells e Donald Cole. "Mechanical exposure and musculoskeletal disorder risk at the production system level: A framework and application". Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing 18, n. 4 (2008): 391–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20098.

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Ramos, M. A., Christoph A. Thieme, Ingrid B. Utne e A. Mosleh. "Human-system concurrent task analysis for maritime autonomous surface ship operation and safety". Reliability Engineering & System Safety 195 (marzo 2020): 106697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2019.106697.

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Fujimoto, Haruo, Mamoru Fukuda e Hiroaki Tabata. "Sensitivity study of human errors as a basis for human error reductions on new safety system design". Reliability Engineering & System Safety 45, n. 1-2 (gennaio 1994): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0951-8320(94)90088-4.

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Garrett, J. W., e Jochen Teizer. "Human Factors Analysis Classification System Relating to Human Error Awareness Taxonomy in Construction Safety". Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 135, n. 8 (agosto 2009): 754–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000034.

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Boukas, Dimitris, e Tom Kontogiannis. "A system dynamics approach in modeling organizational tradeoffs in safety management". Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries 29, n. 5 (27 febbraio 2019): 389–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20795.

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Straeter, O. "Human and Automation: System Design and Research Issues". Reliability Engineering & System Safety 81, n. 1 (luglio 2003): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0951-8320(03)00081-4.

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Peserico, Giovanni, Alberto Morato, Federico Tramarin e Stefano Vitturi. "Functional Safety Networks and Protocols in the Industrial Internet of Things Era". Sensors 21, n. 18 (10 settembre 2021): 6073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186073.

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Functional safety networks are becoming of paramount importance in industrial systems, due to the progressive innovation introduced by the Industry 4.0 paradigm, characterized by high production flexibility, reliability and scalability. In this context, new and challenging applications have emerged such as hyperautomation, which refers to the combination of machine vision, robotics, communication, and learning, with the explicit involvement of humans. This requires the pervasive and ubiquitous connectivity encompassed by the Industrial Internet of Things, typically achieved via wireless systems. As an example, wireless communications are today fundamental to open up to new categories of autonomous devices that can actively collaborate with human personnel in the production process. This challenging scenario has important implications for safety. Indeed, a reliable coordination among sensors, actuators and computing systems is required to provide satisfactory levels of safety, especially in the case of innovative processes and technologies, such as mobile and collaborative robotics. Hence, it becomes imperative to ensure the correct transfer of safety-critical data via communication networks. In this paper, we address the challenges concerned with functional safety networks and protocols in Industrial Internet of Things ecosystems. We first introduce the design characteristics of functional safety networks and discuss the adoption of safety protocols over wireless networks. Then, we specifically address one of such protocols, namely Fail Safety over EtherCAT (FSoE), and provide the results of an extensive experimental session carried out exploiting a prototype system, implemented using commercial devices based on a WiFi network. Finally, the outcomes of the experiments are used as a basis for a discussion about future trends of functional safety in the Industrial Internet of Things era.

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Hwang, Chen-Tau, e Sheue-Ling Hwang. "A stochastic model of human errors on system reliability". Reliability Engineering & System Safety 27, n. 2 (gennaio 1990): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0951-8320(90)90050-w.

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Zhang, Ping, Peigen Jin, Guanglong Du e Xin Liu. "Ensuring safety in human-robot coexisting environment based on two-level protection". Industrial Robot: An International Journal 43, n. 3 (16 maggio 2016): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-12-2015-0222.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a novel methodology based on two-level protection for ensuring safety of the moving human who enters the robot’s workspace, which is significant for dealing with the problem of human security in a human-robot coexisting environment. Design/methodology/approach In this system, anyone who enters the robot’s working space is detected by using the Kinect and their skeletons are calculated by the interval Kalman filter in real time. The first-level protection is mainly based on the prediction of the human motion, which used Gaussian mixture model and Gaussian Mixture Regression. However, even in cases where the prediction of human motion is incorrect, the system can still safeguard the human by enlarging the initial bounding volume of the human as the second-level early warning areas. Finally, an artificial potential field with some additional avoidance strategies is used to plan a path for a robot manipulator. Findings Experimental studies on the GOOGOL GRB3016 robot show that the robot manipulator can accomplish the predetermined tasks by circumventing the human, and the human does not feel dangerous. Originality/value This study presented a new framework for ensuring human security in a human-robot coexisting environment, and thus can improve the reliability of human-robot cooperation.

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VAGAS, MAREK, e ALENA GALAJDOVA. "APPLICATION OF SPEED AND SEPARATION MONITORING TECHNIQUE AT AUTOMATED ASSEMBLY PROCESS". MM Science Journal 2021, n. 2 (2 giugno 2021): 4420–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2021_6_2021036.

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The realization and implementation of a collaborative robotic system in the automotive industry has many advantages in productivity, product quality, and worker ergonomics, but worker safety aspects play a crucial role in these activities. This paper presents the results of ongoing research into developing an automated workplace for an assembly of industrial limit switches based on the cooperation between human and robotic systems. Operating speed and worker-robot separation monitoring methodology (SSM) was used as one of the available methods to reduce the risk of injury according to the technical specification ISO 15066 on collaborative method sharing space with humans. The virtual environment simulation aims to determine the SSM algorithm’s parameters to estimate the minimum protective distance between the robot and the operator. The cooperation between the human and the robot and the safety issues specified by the SSM system assumed operational safety and reduced the operator fatigue during the assembly process.

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Franciosi, Chiara, Valentina Di Pasquale, Raffaele Iannone e Salvatore Miranda. "A taxonomy of performance shaping factors for human reliability analysis in industrial maintenance". Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 12, n. 1 (20 febbraio 2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2702.

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Purpose: Human factors play an inevitable role in maintenance activities, and the occurrence of Human Errors (HEs) affects system reliability and safety, equipment performance and economic results. The high HE rate increased researchers’ attention towards Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) and HE assessment approaches. In these approaches, various environmental and individual factors influence the performance of maintenance operators affecting Human Error Probability (HEP) with a consequent variability in the success of intervention. However, a deep analysis of such factors in the maintenance field, often called Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs), is still missing. This has led the authors to systematically evaluate the literature on Human Error in Maintenance (HEM) and on the PSFs, in order to provide a shared PSF taxonomy.Design/methodology/approach: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted to identify and select peer-reviewed papers that provided evidence on the relationship between maintenance activities and human performance. The obtained results provided a wide overview in the field of interest, shedding light on three main research areas of investigation: methodologies for human error analysis in maintenance, performance shaping factors and maintenance error consequences. In particular, papers belonging to the area of PSFs were analysed in-depth in order to identify and classify the PSFs, with the aim of achieving the PSF taxonomy for maintenance activities. The effects of each PSF on human reliability were defined and detailed.Findings: A total of 63 studies were selected and then analysed through a systematic methodology. 46% of these studies presented a qualitative/quantitative assessment of PSFs through application in different maintenance activities. Starting from the findings of the aforementioned papers, a PSF taxonomy specific for maintenance activities was proposed. This taxonomy represents an important contribution for researchers and practitioners towards the improvement of HRA methods and their applications in industrial maintenance.Originality/value: The analysis outlines the relevance of considering HEM because different error types occur during the maintenance process with non-negligible effects on the system. Despite a growing interest in HE assessment in maintenance, a deep analysis of PSFs in this field and a shared PSF taxonomy are missing. This paper fills the gap in the literature with the creation of a PSF taxonomy in industrial maintenance. The proposed taxonomy is a valuable contribution for growing the awareness of researchers and practitioners about factors influencing maintainers’ performance.

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Kardan, Iman, Alireza Akbarzadeh e Ali Mousavi Mohammadi. "Real-time velocity scaling and obstacle avoidance for industrial robots using fuzzy dynamic movement primitives and virtual impedances". Industrial Robot: An International Journal 45, n. 1 (15 gennaio 2018): 110–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-02-2017-0035.

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Purpose This paper aims to increase the safety of the robots’ operation by developing a novel method for real-time implementation of velocity scaling and obstacle avoidance as the two widely accepted safety increasing concepts. Design/methodology/approach A fuzzy version of dynamic movement primitive (DMP) framework is proposed as a real-time trajectory generator with imbedded velocity scaling capability. Time constant of the DMP system is determined by a fuzzy system which makes decisions based on the distance from obstacle to the robot’s workspace and its velocity projection toward the workspace. Moreover, a combination of the DMP framework with a human-like steering mechanism and a novel configuration of virtual impedances is proposed for real-time obstacle avoidance. Findings The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method in real-time implementation of the velocity scaling and obstacle avoidance concepts in different cases of single and multiple stationary obstacles as well as moving obstacles. Practical implications As the provided experiments indicate, the proposed method can effectively increase the real-time safety of the robots’ operations. This is achieved by developing a simple method with low computational loads. Originality/value This paper proposes a novel method for real-time implementation of velocity scaling and obstacle avoidance concepts. This method eliminates the need for modification of original DMP formulation. The velocity scaling concept is implemented by using a fuzzy system to adjust the DMP’s time constant. Furthermore, the novel impedance configuration makes it possible to obtain a non-oscillatory convergence to the desired path, in all degrees of freedom.

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Bolton, Matthew L., Kylie A. Molinaro e Adam M. Houser. "A formal method for assessing the impact of task-based erroneous human behavior on system safety". Reliability Engineering & System Safety 188 (agosto 2019): 168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2019.03.010.

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Wen, Haiying, Ming Cong, Zhisheng Zhang, Guifei Wang e Yan Zhuang. "A Redundantly Actuated Chewing Robot Based on Human Musculoskeletal Biomechanics: Differential Kinematics, Stiffness Analysis, Driving Force Optimization and Experiment". Machines 9, n. 8 (18 agosto 2021): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9080171.

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Human masticatory system exhibits optimal stiffness, energy efficiency and chewing forces needed for the food breakdown due to its unique musculoskeletal actuation redundancy. We have proposed a 6PUS-2HKP (6 prismatic-universal-spherical chains, 2 higher kinematic pairs) redundantly actuated parallel robot (RAPR) based on its musculoskeletal biomechanics. This paper studies the stiffness and optimization of driving force of the bio-inspired redundantly actuated chewing robot. To understand the effect of the point-contact HKP acting on the RAPR performance, the stiffness of the RAPR is estimated based on the derived dimensionally homogeneous Jacobian matrix. In analyzing the influence of the HKP on robot dynamics, the driving forces of six prismatic joints are optimized by adopting the pseudo-inverse optimization method. Numerical results show that the 6PUS-2HKP RAPR has better stiffness performance and more homogenous driving power than its non-redundant 6-PUS counterpart, verifying the benefits that the point-contact HKP brings to the RAPR. Experiments are carried out to measure the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) force and the occlusal force that the robot can generate. The relationship between these two forces in a typical chewing movement is studied. The simulation and experimental results reveal that the existence of TMJs in human masticatory system can provide more homogenous and more efficient chewing force transmission.

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Ganiev, R. F., D. L. Reviznikov, A. N. Rogoza, Yu V. Slastushenskii e L. E. Ukrainskii. "Decomposition of the Central Pulse Wave in the Human Cardiovascular System". Journal of Machinery Manufacture and Reliability 50, n. 2 (marzo 2021): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1052618821020047.

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Rahimi, Maryam, e Marvin Rausand. "Monitoring human and organizational factors influencing common-cause failures of safety-instrumented system during the operational phase". Reliability Engineering & System Safety 120 (dicembre 2013): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2013.03.004.

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Bascetta, Luca, Gianni Ferretti, Gianantonio Magnani e Paolo Rocco. "Walk-through programming for robotic manipulators based on admittance control". Robotica 31, n. 7 (14 maggio 2013): 1143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574713000404.

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SUMMARYThe present paper addresses the issues that should be covered in order to develop walk-through programming techniques (i.e. a manual guidance of the robot) in an industrial scenario. First, an exact formulation of the dynamics of the tool the human should feel when interacting with the robot is presented. Then, the paper discusses a way to implement such dynamics on an industrial robot equipped with an open robot control system and a wrist force/torque sensor, as well as the safety issues related to the walk-through programming. In particular, two strategies that make use of admittance control to constrain the robot motion are presented. One slows down the robot when the velocity of the tool centre point exceeds a specified safety limit, the other one limits the robot workspace by way of virtual safety surfaces. Experimental results on a COMAU Smart Six robot are presented, showing the performance of the walk-through programming system endowed with the two proposed safety strategies.

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Zarrin, Mansour, e Ali Azadeh. "Mapping the influences of resilience engineering on health, safety, and environment and ergonomics management system by using Z -number cognitive map". Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries 29, n. 2 (7 ottobre 2018): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20766.

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Hee, D. D., B. D. Pickrell, R. G. Bea, K. H. Roberts e R. B. Williamson. "Safety Management Assessment System (SMAS): a process for identifying and evaluating human and organization factors in marine system operations with field test results". Reliability Engineering & System Safety 65, n. 2 (agosto 1999): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0951-8320(98)00095-7.

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Islam, Syed Osama Bin, Waqas Akbar Lughmani, Waqar Shahid Qureshi, Azfar Khalid, Miguel Angel Mariscal e Susana Garcia-Herrero. "Exploiting visual cues for safe and flexible cyber-physical production systems". Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, n. 12 (dicembre 2019): 168781401989722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019897228.

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Human workers are envisioned to work alongside robots and other intelligent factory modules, and fulfill supervision tasks in future smart factories. Technological developments, during the last few years, in the field of smart factory automation have introduced the concept of cyber-physical systems, which further expanded to cyber-physical production systems. In this context, the role of collaborative robots is significant and depends largely on the advanced capabilities of collision detection, impedance control, and learning new tasks based on artificial intelligence. The system components, collaborative robots, and humans need to communicate for collective decision-making. This requires processing of shared information keeping in consideration the available knowledge, reasoning, and flexible systems that are resilient to the real-time dynamic changes on the industry floor as well as within the communication and computer network infrastructure. This article presents an ontology-based approach to solve industrial scenarios for safety applications in cyber-physical production systems. A case study of an industrial scenario is presented to validate the approach in which visual cues are used to detect and react to dynamic changes in real time. Multiple scenarios are tested for simultaneous detection and prioritization to enhance the learning surface of the intelligent production system with the goal to automate safety-based decisions.

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Ay, Haluk, Anthony Luscher e Carolyn Sommerich. "A dynamic simulator for the ergonomics evaluation of powered torque tools for human assembly". Assembly Automation 37, n. 1 (6 febbraio 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-12-2015-126.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to design and develop a testing device to simulate interaction between human hand–arm dynamics, right-angle (RA) computer-controlled power torque tools and joint-tightening task-related variables. Design/methodology/approach The testing rig can simulate a variety of tools, tasks and operator conditions. The device includes custom data-acquisition electronics and graphical user interface-based software. The simulation of the human hand–arm dynamics is based on the rig’s four-bar mechanism-based design and mechanical components that provide adjustable stiffness (via pneumatic cylinder) and mass (via plates) and non-adjustable damping. The stiffness and mass values used are based on an experimentally validated hand–arm model that includes a database of model parameters. This database is with respect to gender and working posture, corresponding to experienced tool operators from a prior study. Findings The rig measures tool handle force and displacement responses simultaneously. Peak force and displacement coefficients of determination (R2) between rig estimations and human testing measurements were 0.98 and 0.85, respectively, for the same set of tools, tasks and operator conditions. The rig also provides predicted tool operator acceptability ratings, using a data set from a prior study of discomfort in experienced operators during torque tool use. Research limitations/implications Deviations from linearity may influence handle force and displacement measurements. Stiction (Coulomb friction) in the overall rig, as well as in the air cylinder piston, is neglected. The rig’s mechanical damping is not adjustable, despite the fact that human hand–arm damping varies with respect to gender and working posture. Deviations from these assumptions may affect the correlation of the handle force and displacement measurements with those of human testing for the same tool, task and operator conditions. Practical implications This test rig will allow the rapid assessment of the ergonomic performance of DC torque tools, saving considerable time in lineside applications and reducing the risk of worker injury. DC torque tools are an extremely effective way of increasing production rate and improving torque accuracy. Being a complex dynamic system, however, the performance of DC torque tools varies in each application. Changes in worker mass, damping and stiffness, as well as joint stiffness and tool program, make each application unique. This test rig models all of these factors and allows quick assessment. Social implications The use of this tool test rig will help to identify and understand risk factors that contribute to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) associated with the use of torque tools. Tool operators are subjected to large impulsive handle reaction forces, as joint torque builds up while tightening a fastener. Repeated exposure to such forces is associated with muscle soreness, fatigue and physical stress which are also risk factors for upper extremity injuries (MSDs; e.g. tendinosis, myofascial pain). Eccentric exercise exertions are known to cause damage to muscle tissue in untrained individuals and affect subsequent performance. Originality/value The rig provides a novel means for quantitative, repeatable dynamic evaluation of RA powered torque tools and objective selection of tightening programs. Compared to current static tool assessment methods, dynamic testing provides a more realistic tool assessment relative to the tool operator’s experience. This may lead to improvements in tool or controller design and reduction in associated musculoskeletal discomfort in operators.

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Gubbels, Arthur W., e Gregory L. Craig. "The NRC Bell 412 ASRA safety system: a human factors perspective on lessons learned from an airborne incident". Reliability Engineering & System Safety 75, n. 2 (febbraio 2002): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0951-8320(01)00100-4.

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SHIN, SUNG-MIN, SANG HUN LEE, SEUNG KI SHIN, INSEOK JANG e JINKYUN PARK. "STPA-Based Hazard and Importance Analysis on NPP Safety I&C Systems Focusing on Human–System Interactions". Reliability Engineering & System Safety 213 (settembre 2021): 107698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2021.107698.

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Fotohi, Reza. "Securing of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) against security threats using human immune system". Reliability Engineering & System Safety 193 (gennaio 2020): 106675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2019.106675.

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Potemkin, Pavel. "Professional stress resistance of employees of the security department of the penitentiary system". Applied psychology and pedagogy 6, n. 3 (1 luglio 2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2500-0543-2021-6-3-52-59.

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The dominant view of organizational change among employees is the concept that stress and resistance to stress are two independent phenomena, and that they are urgent and natural reactions to organizational change. Our article proposes a model of organizational change that views stress as a mediator between organizational change and resistance to change. According to this model, stress and resistance are not inevitable reactions to organizational change. It is more correct to find out what makes organizational change stressful or sensitive to employee resistance. The assumption is to implement strategies to reduce and resist negative stress and to increase the effectiveness of positive stress and resulting positive health outcomes among employees adapting to emerging change. Correctional officers are potentially exposed to more risk factors in the workplace because they are on a mission of sorts to contribute to public safety by actively helping offenders become law-abiding citizens. Among the main factors having destructive effect on the efficiency of professional activity of an employee of penitentiary system we consider the following to be necessary: lack of material and human resources, conflictogenicity of communication with convicts, feelings of anxiety due to professional activity. As protective factors, it is advisable to note measures of social support in the penitentiary environment, and the development of positive coping-strategies condition the improvement of the level of training of officers. As a result, prolonged work stress can lead to burnout in the workplace and is characterized by feelings of exhaustion, cynicism, detachment, ineffectiveness and lack of personal achievement. Both work stress and emotional burnout combined can lead to a decrease in officers' commitment to the core ideology of the institution and, consequently, a decrease in job performance.

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Dagalakis, Nicholas G., Jae-Myung Yoo e Thomas Oeste. "Human-robot collaboration dynamic impact testing and calibration instrument for disposable robot safety artifacts". Industrial Robot: An International Journal 43, n. 3 (16 maggio 2016): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-06-2015-0125.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is a description of DITCI, its drop loads and sensors, the impact tools, the robot dynamic impact safety artifacts, data analysis, and modeling of test results. The dynamic impact testing and calibration instrument (DITCI) is a simple instrument with a significant data collection and analysis capability that is used for the testing and calibration of biosimulant human tissue artifacts. These artifacts may be used to measure the severity of injuries caused in the case of a robot impact with a human. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, we describe the DITCI adjustable impact and flexible foundation mechanism, which allows the selection of a variety of impact force levels and foundation stiffness. The instrument can accommodate arrays of a variety of sensors and impact tools, simulating both real manufacturing tools and the testing requirements of standards setting organizations. Findings A computer data acquisition system may collect a variety of impact motion, force and torque data, which are used to develop a variety of mathematical model representations of the artifacts. Finally, we describe the fabrication and testing of human abdomen soft tissue artifacts with embedded markers, used to display the severity of impact injury tissue deformation. Research limitations/implications DITCI and the use of biosimulant human tissue artifacts will permit a better understanding of the severity of injury, which will be caused in the case of a robot impact with a human, without the use of expensive cadaver parts. The limitations are set by the ability to build artifacts with material properties similar to those of various parts of the human body. Practical implications This technology will be particularly useful for small manufacturing companies that cannot afford the use of expensive instrumentation and technical consultants. Social implications Impact tests were performed at maximum impact force and average pressure levels that are below, at and above the levels recommended by a proposed International Organization for Standardization standard. These test results will be used to verify whether the adopted safety standards will protect interactive robots human operators for various robot tools and control modes. Originality/value Various research groups have used human subjects to collect data on pain induced by industrial robots. Unfortunately, human safety testing is not an option for human–robot collaboration in industrial applications every time there is a change of a tool or control program, so the use of biosimulant artifacts is expected to be a good alternative.

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Di Bona, Gianpaolo, Domenico Falcone, Antonio Forcina, Filippo De Carlo e Luca Silvestri. "Quality Checks Logit Human Reliability (LHR): A New Model to Evaluate Human Error Probability (HEP)". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (9 aprile 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6653811.

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In the years, several approaches for human reliability analysis (HRA) have been developed. The aim of the present research is to propose a hybrid model to evaluate Human Error Probability (HEP). The new approach is based on logit-normal distribution, Nuclear Action Reliability Assessment (NARA), and Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs) relationship. In the research, shortcomings related to literature approaches are analyzed, especially the limitations of the working time. For this reason, PSFs after 8 hours (work standard) during emergency conditions were estimated. Therefore, the correlation between the advantages of these three methodologies allows proposing a HEP analysis during accident scenarios and emergencies; a fundamental issue to ensure the safety and reliability in industrial plants is emergency Mmnagement (EM). Applying EM methodology, two main aspects are analyzed: system reliability and human reliability. System reliability is strongly related to the reliability of its weakest component. During incidental situations, the weakest parts of the whole system are workers (human reliability) and accidental scenarios influence the operator’s ability to make decisions. This article proposes a new approach called Logit Human Reliability (LHR) that considers internal and external factors to estimate human reliability during emergencies. LHR has been applied in a pharmaceutical accident scenario, considering 24 hours of working time (more than 8 working hours). The results highlighted that the LHR method gives output data more in conformity with data banks than the conventional methods during the stress phase in an accident scenario.

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Bolton, Matthew L., Xi Zheng e Eunsuk Kang. "A formal method for including the probability of erroneous human task behavior in system analyses". Reliability Engineering & System Safety 213 (settembre 2021): 107764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2021.107764.

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Dhillon, B. S., e Nianfu Yang. "Probabilistic analysis of a maintainable system with human error". Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 1, n. 2 (giugno 1995): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552519510089592.

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Choi, Sung Ho, Kyeong-Beom Park, Dong Hyeon Roh, Jae Yeol Lee, Mustafa Mohammed, Yalda Ghasemi e Heejin Jeong. "An integrated mixed reality system for safety-aware human-robot collaboration using deep learning and digital twin generation". Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 73 (febbraio 2022): 102258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2021.102258.

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Aziz, Hanida Abdul, Azmi Mohd Shariff e Risza Rusli. "Operational Training Management System (OPTRAMS) for Safe Operation in Process Plant". Advanced Materials Research 917 (giugno 2014): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.917.325.

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Many publications have reported about 37% of major accidents in petroleum, chemical, nuclear, aviation, and in the other process industries that occurred worldwide were due to human error. One of the keys contributing factors that could prevent these accidents is to provide appropriate training to the plant personnel. However, accidents still can happen if training is poorly managed and improperly trained personnel handling the operation of the plant. One of the established industrial standards to manage the training is Training element of Process Safety Management (PSM) 29 CFR 1910.119(g). This paper presents a system to manage training for safe operation following 29 CFR 1910.119(g) namely Operational Training Management System (OPTRAMS). It provides strategies to manage information and documentation related to training. OPTRAMS was implemented at the CO2-Hydrocarbon Absorption System (CHAS) pilot plant at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS as a case study. The study showed that all operational training can be managed efficiently with OPTRAMS and also assists end users to identify the gaps that hinder training of PSM compliance. The implementation of this technique could help end users to prevent and minimize catastrophic accidents and comply with training of PSM standard.

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Shah, Julie A., Joseph H. Saleh e Jeffrey A. Hoffman. "Analytical basis for evaluating the effect of unplanned interventions on the effectiveness of a human–robot system". Reliability Engineering & System Safety 93, n. 8 (agosto 2008): 1280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2007.06.007.

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Liu, Jianqiao, Yanhua Zou, Wei Wang, Li Zhang, Xueyang Liu, Qianqiao Ding, Zhuomin Qin e Marko Čepin. "Analysis of dependencies among performance shaping factors in human reliability analysis based on a system dynamics approach". Reliability Engineering & System Safety 215 (novembre 2021): 107890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2021.107890.

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Andersson, Staffan Karl Lennart, Anna Granlund, Jessica Bruch e Mikael Hedelind. "Experienced Challenges When Implementing Collaborative Robot Applications in Assembly Operations". International Journal of Automation Technology 15, n. 5 (5 settembre 2021): 678–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2021.p0678.

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The industrial collaborative robot (ICR) application is a promising automation technology that combines human abilities with the repeatability and accuracy of an industrial robot. Yet, industrial challenges have prevented ICR applications from being implemented extensively in industry. Therefore, the purpose of the presented work is to deepen the knowledge of the key challenges that manufacturers experience during the implementation of ICR applications. In this study, a case study approach was used with eight companies to identify those challenges. The analysis of the qualitative data was conducted based on thirteen interviews with respondents from the industry to identify their challenges when implementing ICR applications. In this paper, a defined implementation process is presented that is combined with three significant areas of challenges relevant for the implementation of ICR applications, i.e., safety, knowledge, and functionality. Then, these areas are used as a basis to identify the corresponding challenges during the early implementation phases. The findings of the study point to an insufficient understanding of safety assessment and a lack of operator involvement in the pre-study phase that was propagated into the later implementation phases. The application design phase was identified to have several ad-hoc approaches due to a lack of knowledge concerning the application of ICR. In the factory installation phase, the challenges included increasing flexibility and ensuring standardised ways of working. This paper makes three distinct contributions to the research community. First, it provides rich data to the research concerning the implementation of applications of ICR, and it focuses on three areas, i.e., safety, knowledge, and functionality, and the challenges associated with their respective implementations. Second, contributions are made to the literature on implementing new technology, and they are focused on the early phases. Third, the results of this paper suggest that the role of system integrators might change in ICR application implementation projects. This paper contributes to practitioners a list of challenges that they might face during the implementation of ICR.

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Jeong, Kwan Seong, Byung Seon Choi, Jei Kwon Moon, Dong Jun Hyun, Jong Hwan Lee, Ik June Kim, Shin Young Kang et al. "The safety assessment system based on virtual networked environment for evaluation on the hazards from human errors during decommissioning of nuclear facilities". Reliability Engineering & System Safety 156 (dicembre 2016): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2016.07.023.

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Ait Ouffroukh, Louiza, Rachid Chaib, Verzea Ion e Lakhdar Khochmane. "Analysis of risk and the strengthening of the safety technical barriers: application of Skikda (Algeria) oil refining complex". World Journal of Engineering 15, n. 1 (12 febbraio 2018): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-02-2017-0031.

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Purpose Algeria occupies an important place in all of the oil-producing countries. However, in recent years, industrial facilities have experienced a rapid increase in the number of major industrial accidents and calamities, where fires and explosions have caused impacts and severe effects on people, property and the environment. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the risks involved and assess the performance of the technical barriers at the thermo-hydraulic level of facilities at the level of the refinery of Skikda. Design/methodology/approach The most effective methods in this field of activity are the systematic analyses of deviations or failures. As working tools, hazard and operability (HAZOP) method and fault tree analysis (FTA) were used to identify the various possible risks that could lead to undesirable phenomena, with the Topping unit. Using this type of analysis, it is possible to understand what the most risky process steps are and, where appropriate, to propose appropriate corrective and preventive measures. HAZOP is dedicated to the analysis of the risks of thermo-hydraulic systems and to control drift parameters such as pressure, temperature and flow. Unfortunately, with its limitations to the detection of leaks, the authors completed the study by FTA, working with a predetermined set of process parameters associated with system operation (compression, temperature, flow, etc.). Each of these parameters are combined with a series of possible potential deviations (too much, little, inverse, etc). For each analyzed equipment, the relevant parameters are selected and combined with the relevant deviations. For each parameter of the deviant process, the causes and consequences are determined. Findings The combination of these two methods has allowed to highlight the various possible risks that could lead to undesirable phenomena, to respond to industrial expectations or even to manage the operation process safely. Thus, it enabled the authors to detect the weaknesses of the process. This allowed the authors to reinforce the technical safety barriers of the functional links of the process and propose appropriate, corrective and preventive measures. Originality/value The work intends to reflect the real situation in which companies face risks. The originality of the work is represented by the combination of two methods: HAZOP and the FTA. This association allowed the authors to identify areas of weakness to set priorities for action by the company, through organizational, technical and human solutions, while engaging in a process of continuous improvement.

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Wang, Zengkai, Shengkui Zeng, Jianbin Guo e Haiyang Che. "A Bayesian network for reliability assessment of man-machine phased-mission system considering the phase dependencies of human cognitive error". Reliability Engineering & System Safety 207 (marzo 2021): 107385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2020.107385.

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Ratnayake, R. M. Chandima. "Knowledge based engineering approach for subsea pipeline systems’ FFR assessment". TQM Journal 28, n. 1 (11 gennaio 2016): 40–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-12-2013-0148.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on developing a knowledge-based engineering (KBE) approach to recycle the knowledge accrued in an industrial organization for the mitigation of unwanted events due to human error. The recycling of the accrued knowledge is vital in mitigating the variance present at different levels of engineering applications, evaluations and assessments in assuring systems’ safety. The approach is illustrated in relation to subsea systems’ functional failure risk (FFR) analysis. Design/methodology/approach – A fuzzy expert system (FES)-based approach has been proposed to facilitate FFR assessment and to make knowledge recycling possible via a rule base and membership functions (MFs). The MFs have been developed based on the experts’ knowledge, data, information, and on their insights into the selected subsea system. The rule base has been developed to fulfill requirements and guidelines specified in DNV standard DNV-RP-F116 and NORSOK standard Z-008. Findings – It is possible to use the FES-based KBE approach to make FFR assessments of the equipment installed in a subsea system, focussing on potential functional failures and related consequences. It is possible to integrate the aforementioned approach in an engineering service provider’s existing structured information management system or in the computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) available in an asset owner’s industrial organization. Research limitations/implications – The FES-based KBE approach provides a consistent way to incorporate actual circumstances at the boundary of the input ranges or at the levels of linguistic data and risk categories. It minimizes the variations present in the assessments. Originality/value – The FES-based KBE approach has been demonstrated in relation to the requirements and guidelines specified in DNV standard DNV-RP-F116 and NORSOK standard Z-008. The suggested KBE-based FES that has been utilized for FFR assessment allows the relevant quantitative and qualitative data (or information) related to equipment installed in subsea systems to be employed in a coherent manner with less variability, while improving the quality of inspection and maintenance recommendations.

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Dobra, Zoltan, e Krishna S. Dhir. "Technology jump in the industry: human–robot cooperation in production". Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 47, n. 5 (30 giugno 2020): 757–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-02-2020-0039.

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Purpose Recent years have seen a technological change, Industry 4.0, in the manufacturing industry. Human–robot cooperation, a new application, is increasing and facilitating collaboration without fences, cages or any kind of separation. The purpose of the paper is to review mainstream academic publications to evaluate the current status of human–robot cooperation and identify potential areas of further research. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review is offered that searches, appraises, synthetizes and analyses relevant works. Findings The authors report the prevailing status of human–robot collaboration, human factors, complexity/ programming, safety, collision avoidance, instructing the robot system and other aspects of human–robot collaboration. Practical implications This paper identifies new directions and potential research in practice of human–robot collaboration, such as measuring the degree of collaboration, integrating human–robot cooperation into teamwork theories, effective functional relocation of the robot and product design for human robot collaboration. Originality/value This paper will be useful for three cohorts of readers, namely, the manufacturers who require a baseline for development and deployment of robots; users of robots-seeking manufacturing advantage and researchers looking for new directions for further exploration of human–machine collaboration.

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Bogue, Robert. "Sensors for robotic perception. Part one: human interaction and intentions". Industrial Robot: An International Journal 42, n. 5 (17 agosto 2015): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-05-2015-0098.

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Purpose – The purpose of this two-part paper is to illustrate how sensors impart robots with perceptive capabilities. This first part considers robots that interact with humans and which seek to mimic human intentions. Design/methodology/approach – Following a short introduction, this paper first discusses the sensors used in robotic prosthetics. It then considers sensor applications in recently developed service, companion and assistive robots. The final section concerns the sensors used in collaborative robots, followed by brief concluding comments. Findings – This shows that sensors play a vital role in imparting perceptive capabilities to robots which interact with people. They can interpret human intentions, control prosthetic limbs, monitor and map a robot’s environment, assist with navigation, ensure the safety of co-workers and even detect a person’s emotional state. They are based on a diversity of principles and technologies, including microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based sensors for physical variables, myographic electrodes and electroencephalogram (EEG) sensors, lasers, infra-red and sonar systems and sophisticated cameras and imaging systems. Originality/value – This provides a timely account of how sensors confer perceptive capabilities to the growing number of robots which interact directly with people.

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