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1

Egley, Grant H., and C. Douglas Boyette. "Water-Corn Oil Emulsion Enhances Conidia Germination and Mycoherbicidal Activity ofColletotrichum truncatum." Weed Science 43, no. 2 (June 1995): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500081236.

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Abstract (sommario):
A water-corn oil (unrefined) emulsion has promise as a carrier for application of the mycoherbicide,Colletotrichum truncatum.We investigated this formulation (normal emulsion; oil in water) for influences on conidia germination, appressoria formation, and mycoherbicidal activity ofC. truncatum.Germination of conidia after application to hemp sesbania leaves was increased from 30% in water alone to 92% in the water-corn oil emulsion (water:oil, 1:1, by vol). The emulsion did not affect appressoria formation. of the several other oils tested, safflower seed oil enhanced in vitro germination but
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2

Ray, Puja, and Lakshmi Sumitra Vijayachandran. "Evaluation of Indigenous Fungal Pathogens from Horse Purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum) for Their Relative Virulence and Host Range Assessments to Select a Potential Mycoherbicidal Agent." Weed Science 61, no. 4 (December 2013): 580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-12-00076.1.

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Abstract (sommario):
Periodic surveys were conducted to seek potential indigenous fungal agents for development as mycoherbicides against horse purslane, a major weed of agricultural fields in India. Pathogenic fungal species were isolated and identified from naturally infected horse purslane. The biocontrol potential of these pathogens for horse purslane was evaluated by studying their host range and virulence under growth chamber and greenhouse conditions. Three candidates,Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, andPhoma herbarum, were identified as potential candidates for biological control of horse purslane
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3

Geng, R. M., J. P. Zhang, and L. Q. Yu. "Helminthosporium gramineum Rabehn f.sp. echinochloae Conidia for Biological Control of Barnyardgrass." Weed Science 57, no. 5 (October 2009): 554–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-09-036.1.

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Abstract (sommario):
A fungal pathogen, Helminthosporium gramineum Rabehn f.sp. echinochloae (HGE), has been developed as a mycoherbicidal agent for the control of barnyardgrass in China. Under greenhouse conditions, the effect of the pathogen on disease incidence, mortality, and dry weight reduction of barnyardgrass was tested to determine the potential of this mycoherbicide. Field experiments during 2007 and 2008 showed that the conidia of HGE displayed excellent activity on barnyardgrass and good activity on a few other weed species. The HGE treatment increased the rice yield when compared with the untreated co
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4

Gressel, Jonathan. "Herbicides as Synergists for Mycoherbicides, and Vice Versa." Weed Science 58, no. 3 (September 2010): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-09-071.1.

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Abstract (sommario):
Except for a small number of cases in which biocontrol agents were introduced from the site of origin of a weed (classical biocontrol), there have been few cases where a pathogen was virulent enough to perform cost effectively in the field as a mycoherbicide. Mycoherbicides are typically weed species specific, so compatibility with herbicides used to control other weeds is often studied. There can be a synergy between mycoherbicides and herbicides at the field level due to overlapping weed spectra (such synergies are not discussed in depth herein). Two approaches have been used to ascertain wh
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5

Sokornova, Sofia, Galina Frolova, Alexey Shavarda, Natalia Pavlova, and Alexander Berestetskiy. "The influence of the carbohydrate levels on viability of Stagonospora cirsii drying mycelium." BIO Web of Conferences 18 (2020): 00028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201800028.

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The Stagonospora cirsii mycelium is considered as the infectious basis of a potential mycoherbicide for the control of Canadian thistle and perennial sow thistle. Successful commercialization of mycoherbicides is often constrained by poor drying survival. In this study was shown that the highest viability of mycelium S. cirsii during drying is achieved in the stationary phase of growth. The mycelium in the stationary phase is characterized by maximum level of carbohydrates. We suggest the level of arabitol as a criterion evaluation of the mycelium resistance to drying. Culturing conditions, an
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6

Wall, R. E., R. Prasad, and S. F. Shamoun. "The development and potential role of mycoherbicides for forestry." Forestry Chronicle 68, no. 6 (December 1, 1992): 736–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc68736-6.

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Abstract (sommario):
With increasing intensification of forest management and limited options for control of competing vegetation, there is need for research on alternative vegetation management methods, including biological control. Most forest weeds in Canada are native species with useful as well as detrimental roles, and therefore classical biological control with introduced natural enemies generally cannot be considered. At present, use of native fungal pathogens, or mycoherbicides, is one of the most promising approaches, and recent advancements in agriculture indicate that effective, site-specific controls
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7

Bourdot, G. W., G. A. Hurrell, and D. J. Saville. "Wounding of Cirsium arvense enhances the efficacy of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as a mycoherbicide." New Zealand Plant Protection 57 (August 1, 2004): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2004.57.6975.

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Abstract (sommario):
Two experiments were conducted in which mycelial fragments of the plantpathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were applied with an organic food source to Cirsium arvense shoots with and without prior wounding In the first experiment more shoots developed disease when the fungus was applied to crush wounds on stems (100 of stems diseased) than when applied to the wound of decapitated stems (38) or to the uppermost leaf axil of decapitated stems (13) In the second experiment reduction in the autumnal shoot dry mass of C arvense due to the mycoherbicide (broadcast in early December at 60 kg/h
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8

Maia, Cláudio Belmino, Paulo Alexandre Fernandes Rodrigues de Melo, Robert Weingart Barreto, Luiz Antônio Maffia, O. correto é. Kedma Maria Silva Pinto, Ilka Márcia Ribeiro de Souza Serra, Antonia Alice Costa Rodrigues, Mário Luiz Ribeiro Mesquita, Aline Priscilla Gomes da Silva, and Janaina Marques Mondego. "Potential of Colletotrichum typhae H.C Greene mycoherbicide for bio-control of Southern cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.) plants." February 2020, no. 14(02):2020 (February 20, 2020): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.02.p2170.

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Abstract (sommario):
The anthropic interference in aquatic ecosystems favors the disordered colonization of T. domingensis, damaging the production of hydroelectric power and river traffic. Because of this, studies report the efficacy of fungal mycoherbicides, with control rates reaching as high as 90%. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of C. typhae as a mycoherbicide in bio control of T. domingensis, at in vitro and greenhouse conditions. 107 samples of symptomatic T. domingensis leaves were collected in flooded areas of rivers in Brazil, with identification and isolation of the coll
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9

Upadhyay, Rajeev K., Doug Kenfield, Gary A. Strobel, and Wilford M. Hess. "Ascochyta cypericola sp.nov. causing leaf blight of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-103.

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10

Daigle, Donald J., and Peter J. Cotty. "Stability ofColletotrichum truncatumin culture influences mycoherbicide efficacy." Mycologia 86, no. 3 (May 1994): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1994.12026426.

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11

Hoagland, R. E. "The mycoherbicide Atlernaria cassiae infects and alters phenolic metabolism of Cassia alata seedlings." Phytoprotection 76, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/706086ar.

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Abstract (sommario):
The mycoherbicide Alternaria cassiae, a pathogen of the weed sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia), was found to infect a previously untested Cassia species, Cassia alata (ringworm bush or seven golden candlesticks). When 2-wk-old, growth chamber-grown C. alata seedlings were inoculated with 105 spores mL-1 followed by a 12-h dew period, infection was apparent 16-20 h after treatment. Infection severity was proportional to spore concentration, and 106 spores mL-1 caused complete mortality 4-5 d after treatment. Plant age was also a factor in disease severity and mycoherbicidal efficacy. At 106 spores
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12

Cother, EJ, and RL Gilbert. "Pathogenicity of Rhynchosporium alismatis and its potential as a mycoherbicide on several weed species in the Alismataceae." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 7 (1994): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9941039.

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Abstract (sommario):
The inundative application of conidia of the plant pathogenic fungus, Rhynchosporium alismatis, to seedlings of Sagittaria pygmaea, S. guyanensis, and Alisma canaliculatum resulted in seedling death or significant growth suppression. In quarantine pot trials, inoculation of S. guyanensis seedlings caused reductions in average plant height of 60% and reduced leaf and root dry weights, by 89 and 84%, respectively. There was also high seedling mortality. Smaller, though significant, reductions in various growth parameters occurred in the other species when similarly inoculated. Alisma canaliculat
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13

Gracia-Garza, J. A., D. R. Fravel, B. A. Bailey, and P. K. Hebbar. "Dispersal of Formulations of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli and F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis by Ants." Phytopathology® 88, no. 3 (March 1998): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.3.185.

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A natural epidemic of Fusarium wilt on coca (Erythroxylum coca) in Peru prompted the suggestion of possibly using the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli as a mycoherbicide against this narcotic plant. During field trials conducted in Kauai, HI, to test the pathogenicity of the coca wilt pathogen, ants were observed removing formulations from test plots. While removal of formulations by ants was considered detrimental with respect to conducting field tests, ant removal was considered potentially beneficial in disseminating the mycoherbicide. Thus, research was initiated to assess th
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14

Womack, Jonathan G., and Michael N. Burge. "Mycoherbicide formulation and the potential for bracken control." Pesticide Science 37, no. 4 (1993): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.2780370406.

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15

Strunz, George M., Richard Bethell, Michael T. Dumas, and Nick Boyonoski. "On a new synthesis of sterpurene and the bioactivity of some related Chondrostereumpurpureum sesquiterpene metabolites." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 75, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 742–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-090.

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Sterpurene, a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon metabolite of Chondrostereumpurpureum, a plant pathogen and potential mycoherbicide, was synthesized by a six-step sequence, in 33% overall yield. The key steps were a thermal [4 + 2] (Diels–Alder) cycloaddition of a ketene acetal diene with a conjugated ester dienophile, and a remarkably stereoselective [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of ethylene with the resulting conjugated ketone. Several related, more highly oxygenated, metabolites isolated from culture filtrates of C. purpureum (cf. Ayer) were tested for toxicity to cells of a hybrid aspen, Populusdelto
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16

Guntli, Daniel, Hanspeter A. Pfirter, Yvan Moënne-Loccoz, and Geneviève Défago. "Stagonospora convolvuli LA39 for Biocontrol of Field Bindweed Infesting Cotoneaster in a Cemetery." HortScience 33, no. 5 (August 1998): 860–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.5.860.

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Abstract (sommario):
Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) infests roadsides, hedges, and parks, and is difficult to control with herbicides. In this work, the potential of the mycoherbicide Stagonospora convolvuli Dearness & House strain LA39 for use as a biological control of field bindweed was tested in a cemetery, where a groundcover of cotoneaster was extensively infested by the weed. Application of S. convolvuli resulted in extensive necrosis of field bindweed leaves within 20 days, and necrosis became more extensive in the 20 following days. Bindweed density decreased continuously to about half of th
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17

Mortensen, Knud, and Roberte M. D. Makowski. "Tolerance of Strawberries toColletotrichum gloeosporioidesf. sp.malvae, a Mycoherbicide for Control of Round-leaved Mallow (Malva pusilla)." Weed Science 43, no. 3 (September 1995): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500081431.

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Tolerance of strawberry toColletotrichum gloeosporioidesf. sp.malvae, (C. g. malvae) a mycoherbicide for control of round-leaved mallow, was tested in the growth chamber and field in an area infested with round-leaved mallow. No visual infections ofC. g. malvaewere observed on inoculated strawberry plants in the growth chamber or field. However,C. g. malvaewas reisolated from inoculated leaves and petioles from both situations, but no adverse effects were observed on strawberry plant development in the growth chamber or on berry yield in the field. Round-leaved mallow competition was detriment
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18

Daigle, Donald J., and Peter J. Cotty. "Stability of Colletotrichum truncatum in Culture Influences Mycoherbicide Efficacy." Mycologia 86, no. 3 (May 1994): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3760571.

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19

Khodayari, Khosro, and Roy J. Smith. "A Mycoherbicide Integrated with Fungicides in Rice,Oryza sativa." Weed Technology 2, no. 3 (July 1988): 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00030591.

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Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of selected rice pesticides on the mycoherbicideColletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc. f. sp.aeschynomene(designated as C.g.a.) for northern jointvetch control in dry-seeded rice. Sequential treatments of pencycuron at 0.56 kg ai/ha, SN-84364 at 0.40 kg ai/ha applied 7 and 14 days after C.g.a., or pencycuron sprayed sequentially after a tank mixture of C.g.a. plus actifluorfen did not reduce infectivity of C.g.a. Also, propiconazol at 0.60 kg ai/ha or pencycuron applied 7 days before and after C.g.a. did not reduce fungus developmen
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20

Womack, Jonathan G., Gillian M. Eccleston, and Michael N. Burge. "A Vegetable Oil-Based Invert Emulsion for Mycoherbicide Delivery." Biological Control 6, no. 1 (February 1996): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bcon.1996.0003.

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21

Templeton, George E. "Mycoherbicide Research at the University of Arkansas–Past, Present, and Future." Weed Science 34, S1 (1986): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500068363.

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Biological weed control research at Arkansas has been with indigenous fungal pathogens applied as inundative inoculum to weed populations (9, 19, 22, 32, 34, 39). We term this concept the mycoherbicide approach to biological weed control (35). Our experience with this concept began in 1969 with the discovery by R. J. Smith, Jr., of a previously undescribed fungal pathogen on northern jointvetch, [Aeschynomene virginica(L.) B.S.P. # AESVI] (20, 22, 29). It was ultimately commercialized as COLLEGO™in 1982 by the Upjohn Co. for use by Arkansas rice (Oryza sativaL.) and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Me
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22

Bannon, James S. "CASST™ herbicide(Alternaria cassiae);A case history of a mycoherbicide." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 3, no. 2-3 (1988): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002216.

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CASST™ herbicide (Alternaria cassiae,) has been shown to be an effective biological control agent for sicklepod ("Cassia obtusifolia LJ, coffee senna ("Cassia occidentalis L.) and showy crotalaria ("Crotalaria spectabilis Roth). Current research has shown the potential of this mycoherbicide for use both alone and integrated with other herbicides as an effective commercial control measure for these troublesome weeds.
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23

Sánchez-Arizpe, Abiel, Elizabeth Galindo-Cepeda, and José Luis Arispe-Vázquez. "Mycoherbicide associated with the leaf spot of Chenopodium album L." Manglar 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/manglar.2020.040.

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24

Wang, F., B. A. Summerell, D. R. Marshall, and B. A. Auld. "Inoculum production of Phaeoramularia, a potential mycoherbicide for crofton weed." Australasian Plant Pathology 26, no. 3 (1997): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap97028.

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25

Green, S., R. E. Gaunt, I. C. Harvey, and G. W. Bourdot. "Histopathology of Ranunculus acris infected by a mycoherbicide, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Australasian Plant Pathology 27, no. 2 (1998): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap98008.

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26

Saxena, Sanjai, and Mukesh Kumar. "Evaluation ofAlternaria alternataITCC4896 for use as mycoherbicide to controlParthenium hysterophorus." Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection 43, no. 12 (August 2010): 1160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235400802343825.

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27

Auld, Bruce A. "Vegetable oil suspension emulsions reduce dew dependence of a mycoherbicide." Crop Protection 12, no. 6 (September 1993): 477–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-2194(93)90011-7.

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28

Klein, TA, and BA Auld. "Wounding can improve efficacy of Colletotrichum orbiculare as a mycoherbicide for Bathurst burr." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 2 (1996): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960185.

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Abstract (sommario):
Colletotrichum orbiculare offers potential as a mycoherbicide for control of Bathurst burr (Xanthium spinosum) but infection is restricted where there are limited periods of free moisture on plant surfaces. Wounding of plants ruptures cells and releases moisture and/or nutrients which may enhance infection. Wound sites may also offer easier access to the fungus. In 7 field trials over 2 seasons at 4 sites, plants were wounded by mowing or harrowing before application of C. orbiculare at several spore dose rates. Harrowing plus spores caused a significantly (P<0.05) higher mortality than spo
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29

Robinson, M., J. Riov, and A. Sharon. "Indole-3-Acetic Acid Biosynthesis inColletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp.aeschynomene." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 5030–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.12.5030-5032.1998.

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ABSTRACT We characterized the biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid by the mycoherbicide Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp.aeschynomene. Auxin production was tryptophan dependent. Compounds from the indole-3-acetamide and indole-3-pyruvic acid pathways were detected in culture filtrates. Feeding experiments and in vitro assay confirmed the presence of both pathways. Indole-3-acetamide was the major pathway utilized by the fungus to produce indole-3-acetic acid in culture.
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30

Daigle, D. J., W. J. Connick, Paul C. Quimby, Janice Evans, Brenda Trask-Morrell, and F. E. Fulgham. "Invert Emulsions: Carrier and Water Source for the Mycoherbicide,Alternaria cassiae." Weed Technology 4, no. 2 (June 1990): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00025483.

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Abstract (sommario):
The weed sicklepod, a problem in the cultivation of soybean, cotton, and peanut, can be controlled by the mycoherbicide,Alternaria cassiae.However, the presence of water (dew) for an extended period is required by the fungal spores to germinate and infect the target weed. Preliminary tests with invert (water-in-oil) emulsions containing paraffin wax, paraffin oil, lecithin, and water indicated that about 10% (w/w) water, maintained over an 18-h period, was necessary under laboratory conditions for significant germination of the fungus. The ability to maintain that amount of water in the invert
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31

Connick, William J., Donald J. Daigle, and Paul C. Quimby. "An Improved Invert Emulsion with High Water Retention for Mycoherbicide Delivery." Weed Technology 5, no. 2 (June 1991): 442–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00028402.

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Abstract (sommario):
An invert emulsion with low viscosity and excellent water-holding properties was developed for delivery of fungal weed pathogens (mycoherbicides). Alternaria cassiae, a pathogen of sicklepod, proliferated after incorporation of spores in the emulsion. The oil phase (CDQ-1) contained paraffin wax, a paraffinic spray oil, and an unsaturated monoglyceride emulsifier (Myverol 18–99). The oil phase was mixed 1:1 (by weight) with water to form the invert, which was sprayed onto glass plates for testing of water retention properties. Water contents ranged from 22% (with A. cassiae present) to 41% (wi
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32

Cimmino, Alessio, Anna Andolfi, Alexander Berestetskiy, and Antonio Evidente. "Production of Phytotoxins byPhoma exiguavar.exigua, a Potential Mycoherbicide against Perennial Thistles." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56, no. 15 (August 2008): 6304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf8004178.

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33

Fumagalli, Pietro, Anna Andolfi, Fabiana Avolio, Angela Boari, Alessio Cimmino, and Antonio Finizio. "Ecotoxicological characterisation of a mycoherbicide mixture isolated from the fungusAscochyta caulina." Pest Management Science 69, no. 7 (February 8, 2013): 850–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.3447.

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34

PFIRTER, HANSPETER A., and GENEVIEVE DEFAGO. "The Potential of Stagonospora sp. as a Mycoherbicide for Field Bindweed." Biocontrol Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (March 1998): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583159830469.

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35

Chung, Young Ryun, Suk Jin Koo, Heung Tae Kim, and Kwang Yun Cho. "Potential of an Indigenous Fungus, Plectosporium tabacinum, as a Mycoherbicide for Control of Arrowhead (Sagittaria trifolia)." Plant Disease 82, no. 6 (June 1998): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.6.657.

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Abstract (sommario):
An isolate of the indigenous fungus Plectosporium tabacinum was isolated from arrowhead (Sagittaria trifolia) in Yusung, Korea in 1990 and evaluated in laboratory and growth chamber tests as a potential mycoherbicide. The fungus grew comparatively slowly on potato dextrose agar and corn meal agar, attaining a diameter of 65 mm after 12 days at 25°C. Conidia were mass-produced in shake-cultures or in a fermentor using potato dextrose broth containing yeast extract (0.5%, wt/vol) at 25°C. When arrowhead seedlings at the 2- to 3-leaf stage were inoculated with conidial suspensions (2 × 107 conidi
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36

Boyette, C. Douglas, Gregory J. Weidemann, D. O. Te Beest, and P. C. Quimby. "Biological Control of Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) withAlternaria crassa." Weed Science 39, no. 4 (December 1991): 678–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500088561.

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Abstract (sommario):
In field experiments conducted from 1985 to 1987 in Mississippi and Arkansas, jimsonweed was successfully controlled with the fungusAlternaria crassa(Sacc.) Rands. Conidial applications of the fungus provided an average of 96% control in Mississippi, and 87% control in Arkansas. Mycelial formulations were less effective than conidial applications overall, but during periods of favorable environmental conditions, weed control provided by the mycelial formulations was similar to that provided by conidial preparations. These results indicate thatAlternaria crassahas potential as a mycoherbicide f
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37

Auld, BA, HE Talbot, and KB Radburn. "Resistance of Xanthium occidentale to Colletotrichum orbiculare, a Pathogen of X. spinosum." Australian Journal of Botany 42, no. 1 (1994): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9940019.

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Abstract (sommario):
Colletotrichum orbiculare (syn. C. lagenarium), a common pathogen of the weed Xanthium spinosum in eastern Australia, is a potential mycoherbicide for that weed. Related Xanthium spp. are resistant to the fungus, A comparison of experimental infections of X. spinosum and X. occidentale indicated that resistance in leaves of the latter included surface morphology, hypersensitive cell death and formation of lignin-like substances around leaf infections indicated by staining. Infection of stems and fruits occurred in X. occidentale through wounds but lesions continued to grow only on fruits.
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38

Gibson, Donna M., Richard H. Vaughan, Jeromy Biazzo, and Lindsey R. Milbrath. "Exploring the Feasibility of Sclerotium rolfsii VrNY as a Potential Bioherbicide for Control of Swallowworts (Vincetoxicum spp.)." Invasive Plant Science and Management 7, no. 2 (June 2014): 320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-13-00086.1.

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Abstract (sommario):
AbstractPale swallowwort (PSW) and black swallowwort (BSW) are two viney milkweeds native to Europe that have increasingly become problematic and noxious weeds in eastern North America. An indigenous fungal isolate, Sclerotium rolfsii VrNY, was discovered causing significant mortality in a dense stand of PSW in a park in upstate New York. Although this fungus is a known pathogen with a broad host range, we evaluated the host potential of S. rolfsii VrNY on a limited range of related and nonrelated U.S. species as a critical first step to assess its suitability as a mycoherbicide for PSW and BS
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39

Byer, Kelly N., Gary Peng, Thomas M. Wolf, and Brian C. Caldwell. "Spray retention for liquid and mycoherbicide inoculum in three weed-biocontrol systems." Biocontrol Science and Technology 16, no. 8 (September 2006): 815–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583150600700123.

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40

Evidente, Antonio, Alessio Cimmino, Alexander Berestetskiy, Galina Mitina, Anna Andolfi, and Andrea Motta. "Stagonolides B−F, Nonenolides Produced byStagonospora cirsii, a Potential Mycoherbicide ofCirsium arvense." Journal of Natural Products 71, no. 1 (January 2008): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np0703038.

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41

Cimmino, Alessio, Anna Andolfi, Maria C. Zonno, Ciro Troise, Antonello Santini, Angela Tuzi, Maurizio Vurro, Gavin Ash, and Antonio Evidente. "Phomentrioloxin: A Phytotoxic Pentasubstituted Geranylcyclohexentriol Produced byPhomopsissp., a Potential Mycoherbicide forCarthamus lanatusBiocontrol." Journal of Natural Products 75, no. 6 (June 13, 2012): 1130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np300200j.

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42

Cartwright, D. K. "Preliminary Assessment ofColletotrichum capsicias a Potential Mycoherbicide for Control of Pitted Morningglory." Plant Disease 76, no. 10 (1992): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-76-0995.

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43

Goodwin, Paul H. "A molecular weed-mycoherbicide interaction:Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesf. sp.malvaeand round-leaved mallow,Malva pusilla." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 23, no. 1 (March 2001): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060660109506905.

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44

Vieira, B. S., L. V. S. A. Dias, V. D. Langoni, and E. A. Lopes. "Liquid fermentation of Colletotrichum truncatum UFU 280, a potential mycoherbicide for beggartick." Australasian Plant Pathology 47, no. 3 (April 26, 2018): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13313-018-0555-y.

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45

Boyette, C. Douglas, Hamed K. Abbas, and William J. Connick. "Evaluation ofFusarium oxysporumas a Potential Bioherbicide for Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia), Coffee Senna (C. occidentalis), and Hemp Sesbania (Sesbania exaltata)." Weed Science 41, no. 4 (December 1993): 678–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500076505.

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Abstract (sommario):
A strain ofFusarium oxysporumwas isolated from infected sicklepod stems in Stoneville, MS, in 1989. When formulated as granules either in a fungus-infested rice preparation or encapsulated in a wheat-gluten matrix called ‘Pesta’, biocontrol of sicklepod, coffee senna, and hemp sesbania was achieved with preemergence or preplant-incorporated treatments. Liquid conidial applications were less effective. Plants were killed by a preemergence damping-off. Applications made postemergence were significantly less effective. Results of these tests suggest that this fungus has potential as a mycoherbici
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46

Boyette, C. Douglas, Paul C. Quimby, Charles T. Bryson, Grant H. Egley, and Floyd E. Fulgham. "Biological Control of Hemp Sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) Under Field Conditions withColletotrichum truncatumFormulated in an Invert Emulsion." Weed Science 41, no. 3 (September 1993): 497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500052243.

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Abstract (sommario):
In greenhouse experiments, conidia ofColletotrichum truncatumapplied in an invert emulsion formulation controlled hemp sesbania 100% in the absence of a dew treatment. In field experiments, hemp sesbania control averaged 95 and 97% in 1989 and 1990, respectively, when this formulation was applied to hemp sesbania seedlings using tractor-mounted, air-assist nozzles. This level of weed control was comparable to that achieved from the herbicide acifluorfen. These results indicate thatC. truncatumhas excellent potential as a mycoherbicide for controlling hemp sesbania and that this potential can b
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47

Paul, R. N., and G. H. Egley. "Cuticular penetration of Sesbania exaltata STEM tissue by penetration pegs from appressoria of the plant pathogenic fungus: Colletotrichum truncatum." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (August 1992): 838–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100124598.

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Abstract (sommario):
Colletotrichum truncatum is a potentially useful pathogen for the biocontrol of the weed Sesbania exaltata [(Raf.) Cory]. Information on the infection process is important in optimizing the use of this pathogen as a mycoherbicide. Successful infection of a host species depends upon the fungus’ ability to penetrate the plant’s defenses. Some fungi bypass the host plant cuticle by invading through stomates or other openings on the epithelial surface. Colletotrichum is capable of breaching the cuticle by means of a penetration peg1 produced from an appressorium. We investigated this process by ex
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48

Bourd?t, G. W., G. A. Hurrell, and D. J. Saville. "Comparative doseresponses of five pasture weeds to a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycoherbicide." New Zealand Plant Protection 64 (January 8, 2011): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2011.64.5966.

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Abstract (sommario):
A gel preparation of mycelia of the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was applied to the pasture weeds Carduus nutans L Carduus tenuiflorus L Cirsium arvense (L) Scop Jacobaea vulgaris L and Ranunculus acris L Doses ranging from 0 to 1000 l gel/plant were applied as 10 or 50 l droplets one per leaf axil Statistically significant responses to dose were evident in C arvense J vulgaris and R acris leading to 90 74 and 100 reductions in living tissue respectively at 200 l/plant compared to the control 29 days after treatment For C nutans and C tenuiflorus where even low doses gave good contr
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49

Silman, R. W., T. C. Nelsen, and R. J. Bothast. "Comparison of culture methods for production ofColletotrichum truncatumspores for use as a mycoherbicide." FEMS Microbiology Letters 79, no. 1 (March 1991): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04507.x.

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50

Shabana, Yasser M., and Z. A. Mohamed. "Integrated control of water hyacinth with a mycoherbicide and a phenylpropanoid pathway inhibitor." Biocontrol Science and Technology 15, no. 7 (November 2005): 659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583150500135842.

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