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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Nepean River Watershed"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 9 febbraio 2022

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1

Tamrakar, Naresh Kazi, and Ramita Bajracharya. "Basinal and planform characteristics of the Kodku and the Godavari Rivers, Kathmandu, Central Nepal." Bulletin of the Department of Geology 15 (January 21, 2013): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v15i0.7414.

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Abstract (sommario):

The rivers of the Kathmandu Basin are vulnerable to flash floods and disturbances caused by anthropogenic as well as climatic changes. Two southern tributaries of the Bagmati River: the Kodku and the Godavari Rivers, have been considered for their (i) watershed-scale geomorphic parameters such as relative relief, drainage texture and stream order, (ii) stretchscale planform parameters such as sinuosity (K), meander belt width (Wblt), meander wavelength (Lm) and radius of curvature (Rc), and (ii) longitudinal profiles and slopes. Both Kodku and the Godavari Rivers are elongate basins with wide

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2

Pandey, Vishnu Prasad, Dibesh Shrestha, Mina Adhikari, and Shristi Shakya. "Streamflow Alterations, Attributions, and Implications in Extended East Rapti Watershed, Central-Southern Nepal." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 8, 2020): 3829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093829.

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Streamflow alteration and subsequent change in long-term average, seasonality, and extremes (e.g., floods and droughts) may affect water security, which is a major concern in many watersheds across the globe. Both climatic and anthropogenic activities may contribute to such changes. Therefore, this study assesses: (i) Streamflow and precipitation trends to identify streamflow alterations in the Extended East Rapti (EER) watershed in central-southern Nepal; (ii) relationship of the alterations to climatic and anthropogenic sources; and (iii) implications of streamflow changes to the socio-envir

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3

Tamang, Niraj Bal, Naresh Kazi Tamrakar, Milan Magar, and Mahesh Raut. "Fluvial morphology and sediment transport of the Malekhu Khola, Central Nepal Lesser Himalaya." Bulletin of the Department of Geology 18 (January 23, 2017): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v18i0.16455.

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Areas near the rivers and streams have been widely used for settlement, development works and agriculture due to availability of the resources such as water, aggregates and comparatively easier terrain. It is very important to understand prevailing fluvial conditions for sustainable output. The fluvial conditions of the Malekhu Watershed including the river characteristics, sediment transport and sediment dynamics were studied. Ten river transects and the corresponding segments of the Malekhu Khola were surveyed for cross-sections and longitudinal profiles. Samples were collected in each of th

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4

Tamang, Niraj Bal, and Naresh Kazi Tamrakar. "Morphology and dynamics of the Malekhu Khola, Dhading district, central Nepal." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 50, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v50i1.22873.

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Rivers have always been an indispensable part of the human civilization. They play a vital role in daily life purposes to big engineering constructions such as dams, reservoirs or hydropower projects. It is mandatory to understand the morphology and dynamics of the river before initiating any projects for easier planning and to prevent possible damage to structures. The Malekhu Khola area is one of the potential areas for urbanization and has already been undergoing development of settlement and other infrastructures. This paper describes the morphology and dynamics of the Malekhu Khola to cla

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5

Paudel, Shambhu, Prabhat Pal, and Harish Singh Dhami. "Restructuring Integrated Watershed Management Models for the Federal Democratic Regime of Nepal." Journal of Forest and Natural Resource Management 1, no. 1 (February 10, 2019): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfnrm.v1i1.22654.

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Recent political envision has redesigned the administrative units of Nepal into federal states with the aim of decentralizing the power to ensure the process of rapid sustainable development. As a consequence, all the public service agencies need to restructure their delivery units for achieving goals targeted by the newly adopted administrative regime plan. With the aim of recommending the best watershed management models for this changing context, this paper aims to review existing watershed management models applied in different continents like European union, African union and the United S

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6

Dahal, Ngamindra, Uttam Shrestha, Anita Tuitui, and Hemant Ojha. "Temporal Changes in Precipitation and Temperature and their Implications on the Streamflow of Rosi River, Central Nepal." Climate 7, no. 1 (December 28, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli7010003.

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Nepal has experienced recent changes in two crucial climatic variables: temperature and precipitation. Therefore, climate-induced water security concerns have now become more pronounced in Nepal as changes in temperature and precipitation have already altered some hydrological processes such as the river runoff in some river systems. However, the linkage between precipitation patterns and streamflow characteristics are poorly understood, especially in small rivers. We analysed the temporal trends of temperature, precipitation, and extreme indices of wet and dry spells in the Rosi watershed in

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7

Tamrakar, Naresh Kazi, and Dharmendra Khakurel. "Lithologic and morphometric characteristics of the Chure River Basin, Central Nepal." Bulletin of the Department of Geology 15 (January 21, 2013): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v15i0.7416.

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The Chure River Basin (CRB) is a small basin (width 5.75 km, length 9.74 km, perimeter 32.35 km and area 35.23 km2) with three sub-watersheds, and is crossed by the Tribhuvan Highway that may be threatened by riverine and allied processes. The geology and morphometry of the basin were studied to search for status of the basin development andriver dynamism. The Chure River is a sixth order river fed by rainstorm, and has length ratio of 2.79, indicating nearly three times the average length of its fifth order segment, showing notable competency. The mean bifurcation ratio of the Chure River is

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8

Tamrakar, Naresh Kazi, Ramita Bajracharya, Ishwor Thapa, Sudarshon Sapkota, and Prem Nath Paudel. "Morpho-hydrologic parameters and classification of the Kodku River for stream stability assessment, southern Kathmandu, Central Nepal." Bulletin of the Department of Geology 16 (October 11, 2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v16i0.8880.

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The Kodku River Corridor is one of the most potential corridors for future development of roads that would link the southern remote areas of the Kathmandu Valley to the inner core areas. River stability is of great concern as the unstable segment of river may pose threat on infrastructures, and adjacent cultivated lands and settlement areas. In this light, the preliminary assessment of the Kodku River as a part of the stability assessment was undertaken. The broad level geomorphic and hydrologic parameters, and Level I and II classifications of the river were made to assess for stability condi

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9

Ha, S. R., and D. Pokhrel. "Water quality management planning zone development by introducing a GIS tool in Kathmandu valley, Nepal." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 7 (October 1, 2001): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0427.

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This research was conducted to identify the critical pollution (BOD, TN, TP) areas and to develop the priority mitigation zone for the Bagmati River pollution in the Kathmandu valley, Nepal. A GIS tool was used to define and identify the critical pollution areas and sources. Pollution source information such as population, livestock, industry and land use were collected on the basis of the individual village boundary. The industrial, land use and living pollution were aggregated by the GIS overlay analysis capability to obtain the combined pollution load within the watershed. Priority areas fo

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10

Sah, Kamal, and Sushil Lamichhane. "GIS and Remote Sensing Supported Soil Erosion Assessment of Kamala River Watershed, Sindhuli, Nepal." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 7, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v7i1.23307.

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This study analysed the situation of water-induced soil erosion in Kamala River watershed of Sindhuli, Nepal covering 23,194.33 hectares of land, extending from 85°58'11.6"E to 86°18'16.8"E longitude and 26°56'45.9"N to 27°5'44.4"N latitude. Revised universal soil loss equation was applied in GIS environment using the satellite-based data, field measurements, surveys and lab analysis. R factor predicted from the average annual precipitation. K factor based on the soil texture and organic carbon content. LS factors derived from the DEM of 20m resolution. C factor derived from the NDVI value ext

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11

Howell, Jocelyn, Doug Benson, and Lyn McDougall. "Developing a strategy for rehabilitating riparian vegetation of the Hawkesbury-Nepean River, Sydney, Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 1, no. 3 (1994): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc940257.

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Situated on the southeastern coast at 34�S 151�E, Sydney was established in 1788 as Australia's first permanent European settlement. Clearing of natural vegetation and environmental degradation associated with the country's largest population concentration over the past 200 years have severely affected the nearby Hawkesbury-Nepean River. A strategy for rehabilitation of the riparian vegetation to conserve and enhance the natural conditions remaining along the river, with particular emphasis on habitat and natural biodiversity, has been developed. The study area encompassed the most modified pa

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12

Pangali Sharma, Til Prasad, Jiahua Zhang, Narendra Raj Khanal, Foyez Ahmed Prodhan, Lkhagvadorj Nanzad, Da Zhang, and Pashupati Nepal. "A Geomorphic Approach for Identifying Flash Flood Potential Areas in the East Rapti River Basin of Nepal." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10040247.

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Basin geomorphology is a complete system of landforms and topographic features that play a crucial role in the basin-scale flood risk evaluation. Nepal is a country characterized by several rivers and under the influence of frequent floods. Therefore, identifying flood risk areas is of paramount importance. The East Rapti River, a tributary of the Ganga River, is one of the flood-affected basins, where two major cities are located, making it crucial to assess and mitigate flood risk in this river basin. A morphometric calculation was made based on the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) 3

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13

Tiruwa, Durga Bahadur, Babu Ram Khanal, Sushil Lamichhane, and Bharat Sharma Acharya. "Soil erosion estimation using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in the Siwalik Hills of Nawalparasi, Nepal." Journal of Water and Climate Change 12, no. 5 (January 27, 2021): 1958–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2021.198.

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Abstract Soil erosion is one of the gravest environmental threats to the mountainous ecosystems of Nepal. Here, we combined a Geographic Information System (GIS) with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to estimate average annual soil loss, map erosion factors, compare soil erosion risks among different land use types, and identify erosion hotspots and recommend land use management in the Girwari river watershed of the Siwalik Hills. The annual soil loss was estimated using RUSLE factors: rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), cover crops (C

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14

Sapkota, Sudarshon, and Naresh Kazi Tamrakar. "Bank erosion and lateral instability hazard status of Kodku Khola, southeast Kathmandu, central Nepal." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 50, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v50i1.22869.

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The northward flowing fifth order Kodku Khola confluences with the Manahara River in the southeast of Kathmandu, and has about 16.49 km stretch with 35.67 sq km watershed area. Many large civil engineering structures such as irrigation cannels, bridges, highways and roads are under construction, and are located along and around the river in the urbanizing Kodku Khola valley. Some sections of the river are of high erosion potential due to various reasons. Many human activities together with natural processes have led to bank erosion and channel shifting of the Kodku Khola. Thus, study of the ri

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15

Yamaha, Tomom, Hideako Motoyama, and Kadcha Bdr Thapa. "Mass Balance Study of a Glacier System from Hydrological Observations in Langtang Valley, Nepal Himalaya." Annals of Glaciology 6 (1985): 318–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1985aog6-1-318-320.

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Hydrological and meteorological observations of river runoff, precipitation and air temperature were conducted 27 August to 26 October 1982, in Langtang Valley, Nepal Himalaya, whereby the mass balance of the glacier system there was estimated. Observed values suggest that (1) all glacier ablation and rainwater in the subwatershed of Langtang Valley drain into the river with the runoff coefficient of 1; (2) ablation of the glacier system can be estimated simply using a degree-day factor of 10 mm/degree-day; and (3) precipitation is considered uniform over the whole watershed. Assuming that the

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16

Yamaha, Tomom, Hideako Motoyama, and Kadcha Bdr Thapa. "Mass Balance Study of a Glacier System from Hydrological Observations in Langtang Valley, Nepal Himalaya." Annals of Glaciology 6 (1985): 318–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500010788.

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Abstract (sommario):

Hydrological and meteorological observations of river runoff, precipitation and air temperature were conducted 27 August to 26 October 1982, in Langtang Valley, Nepal Himalaya, whereby the mass balance of the glacier system there was estimated. Observed values suggest that (1) all glacier ablation and rainwater in the subwatershed of Langtang Valley drain into the river with the runoff coefficient of 1; (2) ablation of the glacier system can be estimated simply using a degree-day factor of 10 mm/degree-day; and (3) precipitation is considered uniform over the whole watershed. Assuming that the

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17

Bajracharya, Sagar Ratna, Narendra Raj Khanal, Pashupati Nepal, Sundar Kumar Rai, Pawan Kumar Ghimire, and Neera Shrestha Pradhan. "Community Assessment of Flood Risks and Early Warning System in Ratu Watershed, Koshi Basin, Nepal." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 3577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063577.

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Nepal is highly vulnerable to flood-related disasters which cause considerable loss of lives and property. The vulnerability of communities to flood-related hazards can be reduced by proper planning, preparedness, and responses using various structural and nonstructural measures. The community-based flood early warning system is one such tool that enables local communities to enhance their resilience to flooding risks. This paper highlights the efficacy of the community assessment of flood risks and early warning systems. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, this paper evaluates the pro

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18

Bhattarai, Tara Nidhi. "Flood Events in Gangapur Village, Banke District: An Example of Climate Change-induced Disaster in Nepal." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 19, no. 1 (November 8, 2015): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v19i1.13832.

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Climate change impacts in Nepal have resulted, among others, localized downpour which may trigger severe flooding and associated disasters in some parts of the country, particularly in the southern slope of the Siwalik. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the consequences of climate change impacts in the Dhondra River watershed that covers southern slope of the Siwalik and northern part of the Terai plane in Banke district, western Nepal. For the purpose, a field investigation was carried out and it indicated that Ward Nos. 5 and 6 of Gangapur Village Development Committee (VDC)

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19

Prajapati, M., and L. Joshi. "Incentive scheme for improving water and watershed management in Bhaktapur, Nepal." Nepal Journal of Environmental Science 2 (December 8, 2014): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njes.v2i0.22742.

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Fresh water is becoming scarce in many parts of the world. Deteriorating ecosystems, increasing population, changing lifestyles have intensified fresh water scarcity in many urban areas. Using Mahadev Khola watershed as a case, the present study investigates the reasons for decreasing fresh water availability in Bhaktapur municipality. Perceptions of water services among both upstream and downstream communities were collected; data of water supply and time series GIS data of land use change were analyzed. Growth in human population, urbanization, haphazard extraction of water in upstream and d

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20

Bhattarai, Bikas Chandra, and Dhananjay Regmi. "Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources in View of Contribution of Runoff Components in Stream Flow: A Case Study from Langtang Basin, Nepal." Journal of Hydrology and Meteorology 9, no. 1 (August 30, 2016): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jhm.v9i1.15583.

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Observation and model-based studies suggest substantial hydrological flow pattern changes in mountain watershed where hydrology is dominated by cryospheric processes (IPCC 2007). The response of cryospheric processes to warming climate in mountain areas can be analysed by examining the responses in the seasonal and annual hydrologic regimes of rivers where snowmelt contributes significantly to the runoff. This study is carried out in Langtang basin, which aims to assess the impact of potential warming on snowmelt contribution and river discharge utilizes a Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM), which is

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21

Rai, Rythum, and Naresh Kazi Tamrakar. "Streambank Erosion Susceptibility Index and Flood-prone Area Mapping along the Karra River, Hetauda, Central Nepal Sub-Himalaya." Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence 7, no. 6 (January 8, 2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/tmlai.76.7238.

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The Karra River, one of the major tributaries of the Rapati River, is the 5th order stream that extends for about 21.91 km length in 92 sq. km. of watershed area. It is situated in the southern region of the Hetauda City, which is under the rapid development as a settlement and industrial area. The Karra River area is frequently impacted by streambank erosion and flooding during the heavy rainfall in monsoon due to loosely consolidated sedimentary terrain of the Upper Siwalik Subgroup and the unconsolidated Late Quaternary Deposits, which are vulnerable to erosion. Morpho-hydraulic parameters

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22

Tamrakar, Naresh Kazi, Ramita Bajracharya, Sudarshon Sapkota, Ishwar Thapa, Prem Paudel, and Niraj Bal Tamang. "Riverbank erosion potential and channel stability status of the Kodku River, southern Kathmandu Basin, Central Nepal." Bulletin of the Department of Geology 17 (June 8, 2015): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v17i0.12723.

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The Kodku River is a southern tributary of the Manahara River and extends for about 15.86 km with 35.67 sq. km of watershed area. It is quite a potential linkage between the hilly, southern Kathmandu and the urban, inner Kathmandu. The river corridors are frequently subject to bank erosion, slope movements and flash flooding. Riverbank erosion is an important cause of toe erosion of slopes causing landslides and also posing threat on the infrastructures. Stream channel stability is crucial to understand overall river stability. Recognition of existing stability condition of river is to underst

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23

Kayastha, Nagendra, Umesh Singh, and Krishna Prasad Dulal. "A GIS Approach for Rapid Identification of Run-of-River (RoR) Hydropower Potential Site in Watershed: A case study of Bhote Koshi Watershed, Nepal." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 23 (August 21, 2018): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v23i0.20825.

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A new Geographical Information System (GIS) approach is proposed to assess primary potential hydropower site, explicitly identifying highly possible hydropower locations spatially, over a large area in a short time. The results from this approach were validated with an existing hydropower site in the Bhote Koshi catchment in Nepal. Altogether 885 number of searches made along the river streams each covered a circular area of radius 10 km, with distance between headwork and power houses of 500 m intervals, thus, identified 297 highly potential sites out of total 2655 during evaluation. The resu

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24

Shrestha, U. S. "Land Use and Land Cover Classification from ETM Sensor Data : A Case Study from Tamakoshi River Basin of Nepal." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 28, 2014): 943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-943-2014.

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The mountain watershed of Nepal is highly rugged, inaccessible and difficult for acquiring field data. The application of ETM sensor Data Sat satellite image of 30 meter pixel resolutions has been used for land use and land cover classification of Tamakoshi River Basin (TRB) of Nepal. The paper tries to examine the strength of image classification methods in derivation of land use and land classification. Supervised digital image classification techniques was used for examination the thematic classification. Field verification, Google earth image, aerial photographs, topographical sheet and GP

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25

Tamrakar, Naresh Kazi, and Binod Karki. "Geomorphometric properties and variability of sediment delivery ratio and specific sediment yield among sub-basins of the Karra River, Hetauda, central Nepal Sub-Himalaya." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 59 (July 24, 2019): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v59i0.24983.

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Geomorphometric properties of watershed-scale are often calculated to characterize drainage basins morphology for evaluating their geomorphic status of basin development. More recently these properties have widely been applied in inferring the sediment delivery ratio and sediment yields of the basin to estimate and know sediment erosion status of drainage basin with the help of morph metric data. In fact, sediment delivery ratio (SDR) and specific sediment yield (SSY) of the basins depend not only on watershed properties but also indirectly on other factors such as climate, hydrology, land use

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Bhandari, Bharat Prasad, and Subodh Dhakal. "Decadal Evolution of Landslides in the Siwalik Zone: a Case Study of Babai Watershed, Nepal." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 26, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v26i1.37864.

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The Siwalik zone of the Nepal Himalaya is highly sensitive to landslides. The study of landslides in the catchment scale gives the basic concept of the overall landslides of the typical zone. In this study, the decadal evolution trend of the four largest landslides of the Babai River watershed was evaluated. The Landsat, Sentinel-2, and Google Earth imageries were used to obtain the physical data of the landslide from 2010 to 2019. The area, total length, and width of scar toe, and the body of landslides were obtained from the images. The rainfall data of two stations was used to evaluate the

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27

Khanna, Sabita Aryal, Kundan Lal Shrestha, Ramesh Kumar Maskey, Alaka Lamsal, Keshab Pyakurel, Manisha Poudyal, Manish Ranjit, Drishtant Karki, Ranjan Aryal, and Ashish Shrestha. "Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM): A Case Study of Durlung Watershed, Bagmati Zone, Nepal." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 18 (March 15, 2016): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v18i0.14645.

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Water in Nepal is a key strategic natural resource, which has the potential to lead the all round development and economic growth of the country. Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) is a holistic management approach, integrating land water interaction, socio economic groups, upstream downstream relations, indigenous knowledge, and institutions built up, along the temporal dimensions based on an agreed set of principles. It is a bottom-up decentralized approach for the management of water resources. IWRM is a challenge to conventional practices, attitudes and professional certainties. I

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Karki, Swarup Singh, and Naresh Kazi Tamrakar. "Fluvial morphology and dynamics of the Godavari Khola, southeast Kathmandu, Central Nepal." Bulletin of the Department of Geology 19 (December 1, 2016): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v19i0.19990.

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The Godavari Khola flowing from the south to the north contributes the Hanumante Khola, which is one of important tributaries of the Bagmati River, flowing from the eastern part of the Kathmandu Basin. Recently, the Godavari Khola has been suffering from human encroachments due to rapid urbanization. Studying nature and dynamics of the stream are important works if the stream has to be made less affected and well managed. The present study aims to establish fluvial morphology and stability status of the Godavari Khola. For these purposes, the watershed was analysed for morphometric parameters

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29

Lamichhane and Shakya. "Integrated Assessment of Climate Change and Land Use Change Impacts on Hydrology in the Kathmandu Valley Watershed, Central Nepal." Water 11, no. 10 (October 2, 2019): 2059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102059.

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The population growth and urbanization are rapidly increasing in both central and peripheral areas of the Kathmandu Valley (KV) watershed. Land use/cover (LULC) change and climate variability/change are exacerbating the hydrological cycle in the KV. This study aims to evaluate the extent of changes in hydrology due to changes in climate, LULC and integrated change considering both factors, with KV watershed in central Nepal as a case study. Historical LULC data were extracted from satellite image and future LULC are projected in decadal scale (2020 to 2050) using CLUE-S (the Conversion of Land

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30

Singh, Achyut Man. "An Environmentally Friendly Integrated Development Approach for Nepal (Experiences from Irrigation Sector Projects)." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 20 (January 27, 2017): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v20i0.16486.

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Nepal has distinctly three ecological regions: (i) high mountain, (ii) mid-hills, and (iii) terai with their varying climatic and physiographic features. The experiences gathered from Irrigation Sector Projects implemented under various donor agencies such as the World Bank (WB), Asian Development Bank (ADB), and UN/ILO have shown that successful irrigation projects must be defined and planned according to specific ecological regions and pertinent to the local environment. An integrated development approach considers the land use, roads, market, and other economic activities as they relate to

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31

Pathak, Mahesh. "Application of GIS and Remote Sensing for Hydropower Development in Nepal." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 3 (May 26, 2009): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v3i0.1920.

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Nepal is endowed with abundant water resources from the availability point of view. Hydropower is considered as a viable means of economic growth for the country's overall development. The river and physiographic characteristics of Nepal offer immense possibilities for the development of hydropower schemes of different scales, and various national and international agencies have expressed keen interest. On the other hand, Nepal's biodiversity resources, a fragile landscape, scattered settlement patterns and natural resource based rural livelihoods are directly affected by hydropower developmen

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Basnet, P., M. K. Balla, and B. M. Pradhan. "Landslide hazard zonation, mapping and investigation of triggering factors in Phewa lake watershed, Nepal." Banko Janakari 22, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v22i2.9198.

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The landslide triggering factors were investigated followed by the thematic maps and landslide distribution map prepared and classified using the GPS and GIS Softwares like CartaLinx, ArcView and ERDAS IMAGINE in Sarangkot and Kaskikot Village Development Committees, Kaski district. In analytical hierarchy process, the factors for zonation were compared by Couple Comparison Method and their weights were determined using Arithmetic Mean Method and earned weight values of each factor. The landslide hazard zonation model was employed to prepare landslide hazard zonation map of the study area, and

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33

Bhandari, Bharat Prasad, and Subodh Dhakal. "Compositional analysis and phase relations of soil mass from the active landslides of Babai River watershed, Siwalik zone of Nepal." Engineering Geology 278 (December 2020): 105851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105851.

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34

Emerman, Steven H., Janae R. Nelson, J. Kade Carlson, Tracy K. Anderson, Anusha Sharma, and Basanta R. Adhikari. "The effect of surface lithology on arsenic and other heavy metals in surface water and groundwater in Mustang Valley, Nepal Himalaya." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 47, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v47i1.23100.

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Recent studies have shown that elevated groundwater as occurs even in Kathmandu and Pokhara Valleys in Nepal, two tectonic valleys well upstream of the floodplain of the Ganges River. Moreover, studies in both valleys showed surface water As to be statistically indistinguishable from groundwater As, which led to the fluvial recharge model in which elevated groundwater As results from losing streams with elevated As, which is a consequence of rapid erosion caused by a combination of monsoon climate, tectonic uplift and deforestation. The objective of this study was to further test the fluvial r

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35

Gurung, Pabitra, Luna Bharati, and Saroj Karki. "Impact of climate change and watershed interventions on water balance and crop yield in West Seti river sub-basin of Nepal." Journal of Hill Agriculture 6, no. 2 (2015): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2230-7338.2015.00051.8.

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36

Dhital, Megh Raj. "Impact of July 2004 high-intensity rain on Hilepani-Jayaramghat-Diktel Environment-Friendly Road in East Nepal." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 34 (October 9, 2006): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v34i0.31882.

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Abstract (sommario):

The high-intensity rain of 5-13 July 2004 activated numerous landslides, gullies, and debris flows in the watershed of the Dudh Koshi River in east Nepal. As a result, the Hilepani- Jayaramghat- Diktel Environment-Friendly Road was devastated. Apart from the rainfall, geological, geomorphic, land use, and road construction practices were other important factors leading to the disaster. Most of the damage was concentrated on concave slopes, whereas the ridges and convex slopes were relatively safe. The entire alignment was devoid of any breast or retaining walls necessary to protect the high, s

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37

Devkota, Dinesh Chandra, Kamal Thapa, and Bhaskar Kharki. "Economic analysis of ecosystem based adaptation and engineering options: A case study from Udayapur, Nepal." Nepal Journal of Environmental Science 3 (December 7, 2015): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njes.v3i0.22733.

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Abstract (sommario):

Ecosystem services are vital to our well-being as they directly or indirectly support our survival and quality of life. But, the growing impact of climate change diminishes the benefit from ecosystem services. Therefore, identifying possible applicable adaptation options are inevitable to reduce the effect of climate change. The present research is based on a case study of Ksedi River watershed, Ajgada Village in Udaypur district of Nepal. The study demonstrates the comparison between different options to deal with flood and make a sound decision, based on economic rationale for long-term bene

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38

Maharjan, Manisha, Anil Aryal, Rocky Talchabhadel, and Bhesh Raj Thapa. "Impact of Climate Change on the Streamflow Modulated by Changes in Precipitation and Temperature in the North Latitude Watershed of Nepal." Hydrology 8, no. 3 (August 6, 2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8030117.

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Abstract (sommario):

It is unambiguous that climate change alters the intensity and frequency of precipitation and temperature distribution at the global and local levels. The rate of change in temperature in the northern latitudes is higher than the worldwide average. The annual distribution of precipitation over the Himalayas in the northern latitudes shows substantial spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Precipitation and temperature are the major driving factors that impact the streamflow and water availability in the basin, illustrating the importance of research on the impact of climate change on streamflow b

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39

Gyawali, Prakash, and Naresh Kazi Tamrakar. "Landslide susceptibility assessment of the Chure Khola Catchment area of the Siwalik region, Central Nepal." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 56, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v56i1.22696.

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Abstract (sommario):

Landslide susceptibility analysis is carried out in the Chure Khola Catchment, between Amlekhganj and the Churia Mai Range of the Bara District, covering area of 20 sq. km. The catchment lies in the Siwalik Hills composing the Siwalik Group of rocks of Middle Miocene to Early Pleistocene age. Owing to the week and fragile geology, the Siwalik Hills are prone to the gully erosion, shallow landslide and debris flow, during the heavy rain storms in monsoon seasons. In the present study, landslide susceptibility assessment was carried out using two methods, rapid field-based assessment and statist

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40

Kim, Dong Eun, Yeong Bae Seong, Kwang Hee Choi, and Byung Yong Yu. "Role of debris flow on the change of 10Be concentration in rapidly eroding watersheds: a case study on the Seti River, central Nepal." Journal of Mountain Science 14, no. 4 (March 30, 2017): 716–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-016-4282-y.

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41

Bhatta, Binod, Sangam Shrestha, Pallav K. Shrestha, and Rocky Talchabhadel. "Modelling the impact of past and future climate scenarios on streamflow in a highly mountainous watershed: A case study in the West Seti River Basin, Nepal." Science of The Total Environment 740 (October 2020): 140156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140156.

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42

Higaki, Daisuke. "Erosion and sedimentation problems in Nepal from the viewpoint of morphological development." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 18 (December 1, 1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v18i0.32265.

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Abstract (sommario):

Three cases of disasters such as landslides, debris flows and unstable river courses are presented from the viewpoint of morphological development in Nepal. In the Tukuche village in the Higher Himalaya, shallow landslides occur in moraine deposits covered with recent fluvial deposits promoting bank erosion of the Kali Gandaki River. The slope towards the river bank composed of Quaternary glacial deposits should be noticed as landslide-prone areas in this region. Alluvial fans are less developed and widths of river courses are larger on the rivers originating from the Upper Siwaliks than

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43

Shrestha, Pramila, and Naresh Kazi Tamrakar. "Morphometry and geomorphic development of the Bagmati River Basin, Nepal Himalaya." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 46 (December 2, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v46i0.31582.

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Abstract (sommario):

Morphometric analysis of a watershed provides a quantitative description of the drainage system which is an important aspect of characterization of watershed. The analysis requires measurement of linear features, aerial aspects, gradient of channel network and contributing ground slopes of the drainage basin. The morphometric characteristics at the watershed-scale may contain important information regarding its formation and development because all hydrologic and geomorphic processes occur within the watershed. In this study morphometric property of the Bagmati River Basin (BRB) was investigat

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44

Thapa, Bhumika, Ramesh Raj Pant, Sudeep Thakuri, and Gregory Pond. "Assessment of spring water quality in Jhimruk River Watershed, Lesser Himalaya, Nepal." Environmental Earth Sciences 79, no. 22 (October 31, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09252-4.

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45

Adhikari, Sanot, Anup Gurung, Raju Chauhan, Deepak Rijal, Bhawani S. Dongol, Dibit Aryal, and Rocky Talchabhadel. "Status of springs in mountain watershed of western Nepal." Water Policy, December 8, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.187.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract The study, conducted in western hilly areas of Nepal, inventoried and mapped over 4,222 springs from five different watersheds. The study showed that more than 50% of the spring sources were found under natural conditions, i.e., open spring whereas 15% of them were of pond type. Similarly, the other 15% spring was recorded as a concrete structure or tank while 1% was determined to be a well. Attempts were made to identify if a change in water discharge from springs relates to rainfall patterns. The inter-annual variability analysis shows a significant fluctuation suggesting variation

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46

Higaki, D., H. Yagi, K. Asahi, and N. Miyake. "Landslides on the late Quaternary deposits in the Bhote Koshi area, central Nepal." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 22 (December 1, 2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v22i0.32424.

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Abstract (sommario):

ABSTRACT The origin and age of piedmont talus slopes and their relationship with present landslides are studied in the Bhote Koshi area of central Nepal. The talus slopes near Lamosanghu consist of 7-15 m thick boulder-rich colluvium overlying the Middle terrace deposits of the Sun Koshi River. The organic debris within these layers was dated 12,745±160 years BP (Nu-967) and 12,970±100 years BP (Beta-130478).The pollen analysis of the sediments revealed that a cool temperate to subalpine conifer forests existed in the adjacent area, and marshland was formed near the Sun Koshi River. Acco

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47

Thapa, P. B., and M. R. Dhital. "Landslides and debris flows of 19-21 July 1993 in the Agra Khola watershed of Central Nepal." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 21 (July 1, 2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v21i0.32143.

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Abstract (sommario):

High intensity rainfall of 19-21 July 1993 triggered off a large number of mass movements in the Agra Khola watershed of Central Nepal. It caused a heavy loss of human lives and property. Landslides were distributed mainly in the upper part of the watershed, especially in the vicinity of Chisapani, Chaubas, Dandabas, and Chhap. Main types of mass movement were rockslides, soils slides, and complex failures. About 51% of them were soil slides and 18% were rockslides. Among the rockslides, 4% were deep-seated rotational slides. Large deep-seated rockslides were common on the north-facing dip slo

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48

Yigez, Belayneh, Donghong Xiong, Baojun Zhang, Yong Yuan, Muhammad Aslam Baig, Nirmal Mani Dahal, Awoke Guadie, Wei Zhao, and Yanhong Wu. "Spatial distribution of soil erosion and sediment yield in the Koshi River Basin, Nepal: a case study of Triyuga watershed." Journal of Soils and Sediments, August 9, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-021-03023-9.

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