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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "NON-LINEAR STATIC"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 11 settembre 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "NON-LINEAR STATIC"

K. Naga Sri Lakshmi and S Naveen Kumar. "Linear and Non-Linear Static Analysis of Berthing Structure". International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 06, n. 09 (12 ottobre 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060903.

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Rapid growth in the water transport system demands the construction of more port and harbour structures.Berthing structures are constructed in ports and harbours to provide facilities such as berthing and mooring of vessels, loading and unloading of cargo and embarking and disembarking of passengers. Quays, wharfs, piers, jetties and dolphins are the most widely used berthing structures. In this project, linear and non-linear static analysis berthing structure module is studied. The basic data influence factors which affected the berthing structure were taken into consideration, such as soil characteristics of the proposed location, environmental conditions and range of traffic which will be used in the project is generally taken from Visakhapatnam port. The entire Berth length is 506.4m which is divided into 10 modules and each module length is 50.640m and width of the berth is 33.450m. The Berth has been analyzed by using STAAD Pro Software. After performing the linear and non-linear static analysis of the berthing structure module the behaviour of the structural elements is compared by various parameters deflection, bending moments, shear forces of cross beam, long beam, crane beam, front crane beam, retaining beam and also for the different piles. The axial forces variations of different piles are also studied.

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Ingle, Prashant G., e Vijaykumar P. Bhusare. "Performance Based Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Building By Non-Linear Static Analysis". Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education 15, n. 2 (1 aprile 2018): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29070/15/56843.

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Van Pelt, Tobin H., e Dennis S. Bernstein. "Non-linear system identification using Hammerstein and non-linear feedback models with piecewise linear static maps". International Journal of Control 74, n. 18 (gennaio 2001): 1807–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207170110089798.

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D, Santhosh, e N. Jayaramappa. "Non-Linear static analysis of RC frame structure". IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 11, n. 2 (2014): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-11227889.

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He, Xiao Cong. "Comparisons of Linear and Nonlinear FEA of Adhesively Bonded Beams". Advanced Materials Research 1088 (febbraio 2015): 763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.763.

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The effect of boundary conditions on the stress distributions in single-lap adhesively bonded cantilevered beams has been investigated using the three-dimensional linear static and non-linear quasi-static finite element method. The displacement obtained from the linear static and the non-linear quasi-static analyses are compared under the same deformation scale factor for three typical boundary conditions. The analysis results indicate that there are significant differences between the linear static and non-linear quasi-static analyses only if there are significant bending effect on the bonded section. The bigger the bending effect on the bonded section, the bigger the difference between the linear static and non-linear quasi-static analyses.

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Kumar,, Sri M. Pavan, e Sateesh Konni. "Effect of Vertical Irregularities of RC Framed Structures by Using Non-Linear Static Analysis". International Journal of Engineering Research 4, n. 11 (1 novembre 2015): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17950/ijer/v4s11/1111.

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Lee, Youngmyung, e Gyung-Jin Park. "Non-linear dynamic response structural optimization for frontal-impact and side-impact crash tests". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, n. 5 (18 luglio 2016): 600–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016658146.

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Vehicle crash optimization is a representative non-linear dynamic response structural optimization that utilizes highly non-linear vehicle crash analysis in the time domain. In the automobile industries, crash optimization is employed to enhance the crashworthiness characteristics. The equivalent-static-loads method has been developed for such non-linear dynamic response structural optimization. The equivalent static loads are the static loads that generate the same displacement field in linear static analysis as those of non-linear dynamic analysis at a certain time step, and the equivalent static loads are imposed as external loads in linear static structural optimization. In this research, the conventional equivalent-static-loads method is expanded to the crash management system with regard to the frontal-impact test and a full-scale vehicle for a side-impact crash test. Crash analysis frequently considers unsupported systems which do not have boundary conditions and where adjacent structures do not penetrate owing to contact. Since the equivalent-static-loads method uses linear static response structural optimization, boundary conditions are required, and the impenetrability condition cannot be directly considered. To overcome the difficulties, a problem without boundary conditions is solved by using the inertia relief method. Thus, relative displacements with respect to a certain reference point are used in linear static response optimization. The impenetrability condition in non-linear analysis is transformed to the impenetrability constraints in linear static response optimization.

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Kearns, C. F., e G. McConnell. "Interactive microcomputer programs for linear and non-linear static analysis of frameworks". Advances in Engineering Software (1978) 8, n. 4 (ottobre 1986): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-1195(86)90058-6.

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Bhavani Chowdary, T., G. Pujitha e N. Srujana. "Non linear static analysis of stiffness irregular RC structures". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1086, n. 1 (1 settembre 2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1086/1/012004.

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Abstract Vertical structures exhibit flexibility than ordinary structures and also they show sensitivity in earthquake excitation. As per the safety standards of construction, structures are built with simple and uniform configurations. Focusing on aesthetic view of these vertical structures, discontinuity in stiffness occurs there by resulting in soft storey. this feature is highly undesirable in buildings especially in seismic active zones. However soft storey cause large deformations at the junction of building lead a greater failure for life and property. An attempt has been made to predict seismic performance of these structures considering G+ 14 storeys. Developing soft storey at base and mid level of G+14 structure and evaluating its seismic performance under non linear static analysis by using SAP2000. A comparative study is made based on, with and without soft storey of G+14 structure and results are tabulated.

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Qiao, Hongdong, Weidong Ruan, Zhaohui Shang e Yong Bai. "Non-linear Static Analysis of Offshore Steep Wave Riser". MATEC Web of Conferences 65 (2016): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20166501009.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "NON-LINEAR STATIC"

von, Braun-Bates F. "Non-linear gravitational collapse in extended gravity theories". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:910fd25d-38e0-4bd4-84cf-bf5c196c8f99.

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General Relativity (GR) is one theory amongst a wider range of plausible descriptions of the Universe. The aim of this thesis is to examine the behaviour of so-called screened theories, which are designed to avoid local tests of modified gravity (MG). We establish that these theories may be treated in a unified manner in the context of halo formation. A prerequisite for this is the clarification that the quasi-static approximation can be applied in cosmologically-plausible scenarios. Amongst the plethora of MG theories, we select three, each of which exhibit a different form of screening. This describes a self-concealing property whereby each theory behaves like GR in the conditions of the local Universe. Only at regions of high energy density (chameleon), large coupling to matter (symmetron) or large derivatives of the scalar field (Vainshtein) does their modified behaviour emerge. We examine f(R), symmetron and DGP gravity in the context of non-linear gravitational collapse for the remainder of the thesis. Relativistic scalar fields are ubiquitous in our modern understanding of structure formation. They arise as candidates for dark energy and are at the heart of many modified theories of gravity. While there has been tremendous progress in calculating their effects on large scales there are still open questions on how to best quantify their effects on smaller scales where non-linear collapse becomes important. In these regimes, it has become the norm to use the quasi-static approximation in which the time evolution of perturbations in the scalar fields are discarded, akin to what is done in the context of non-relativistic fields in cosmology and the corresponding Newtonian limit. We show that considerable care must be taken in this regime by studying linearly perturbed scalar field cosmologies and quantifying the error that arise from taking the quasi-static limit. We focus on f(R) and chameleon models to assess the impact of the quasi-static approximation and discuss how it might affect studying the non-linear growth of structure in N-body numerical simulations. The halo mass function (HMF) n(M) dM is the number of haloes with mass in the range [ M, M+dM ] per unit volume. It has two remarkable properties which render it a useful probe of extensions to general relativity (GR). On the one hand, it is (nearly-)universal, in the sense that it can be written in a form (f(v) which is (practically) insensitive to changes in redshift and cosmological parameters and redshift. We develop a method to generalise fitting functions derived in GR to a variety of screened MG theories, in order to examine whether they are universal in the sense of being insensitive to MG. On the other hand, the HMF is sensitive to both the expansion history of the universe and the non-linear behaviour of spherical collapse via the critical density parameter and the matter power spectrum via the halo resolution. This greatly complicates the theoretical framework required to calculate the HMF, particularly given the sensitivity of chameleon MG to the surrounding environment. We explore a variety of new and existing methods to do so. Finally we re-calibrate the MG halo mass functions with the same rigour as has been done in GR. An important indicator of modified gravity is the effect of the local environment on halo properties. This paper examines the influence of the local tidal structure on the halo mass function, the halo orientation, spin and the concentration-mass relation. We generalise the excursion set formalism to produce a halo mass function conditional on large-scale structure. Our model agrees well with simulations on large scales at which the density field is linear or weakly non-linear. Beyond this, our principal result is that f(R does affect halo abundances, the halo spin parameter and the concentration-mass relationship in an environment-independent way, whereas we find no appreciable deviation from LCDM for the mass function with fixed environment density, nor the alignment of the orientation and spin vectors of the halo to the eigenvectors of the local cosmic web. There is a general trend for greater deviation from LCDM in under-dense environments and for high-mass haloes, as expected from chameleon screening. Given the broad spectrum of MG theories, it is important to design new probes of MG. Despite the fact that we examine only three theories of MG, the techniques and methodology developed in this thesis can be applied to a wide variety of theories and can be extended to improve the results in this work.

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Puri, Amit Soodan. "Researching the non-linear geometrical effects caused by static flap-wise loading of a wind turbine blade". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5721.

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Many questions exist regarding the structural integrity of wind turbine blades, and this thesis aimed to answer some of these as a means to increase future reliability. One of the key problems with the blade structural response under high static loads was the occurrence of a geometrically non-linear bending phenomenon known as the Brazier effect. This research aimed to better understand the consequences of this effect on the lightweight material used, and this was achieved by performing laboratory scale specimen tests on representative material. A key outcome was that the box girder suction side web was identified as a critical component and most likely to fail via an interfacial disbond. A related finding was that the presence of an interlaminar delamination in the sandwich web material would significantly reduce the load bearing capacity of that section of web. The percentage reduction in load bearing ability appeared to be a function of skin to core thickness ratio and delamination size. Another key outcome was the identification that either the growth of matrix cracks or the presence of pre-existing delaminations were paramount in the development of interlaminar cracks in the laminate caps. This research has demonstrated that, should future blade flexibility be increased, reinforcing layers in the cap should be introduced. The suggested design of this reinforcement was a modification to the current layup that introduced transverse layers along the inner side of the cap. This was proven to increase the flexural rigidity by 107%. Additionally, for future blade certification and monitoring, web delaminations should be identified, potentially by use of digital image correlation or acoustic emissions monitoring, both of which were demonstrated as being capable techniques.

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Selli, Nicola. "Static and seismic analysis of a historic masonry building in San Pio delle Camere". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.

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In February 2021, in San Pio delle Camere, on the Navelli plateau south-east of L'Aquila, a masonry building collapsed suddenly, after repair work had just begun on the damage caused by the 2009 earthquake. The current study, after a detailed examination of all the design documentation and the comparison of the post-earthquake damage with the results of the analysis on the model, finding an excellent correspondence, went to research the possible causes of the structural collapse, which occurred in static conditions. The masonry texture was then analysed, consisting of unworked natural stones of medium-small size bound by poor quality mortar, parameterising the mechanical characteristics with in situ tests, the Masonry Quality Index and the values proposed in NTC 2018. Then, the analysis of the global model lead to the verification of the complexity of the aggregate induced greater pressures, and consequent deformations, precisely in the walls from which the collapse originated. With these assumptions, and from the evidence of the presence of a modest void in an internal facing, the study of the local mechanism was deepened, arriving at the presumption of the possible minimum dimensions of such a cavity and how this, even if minimal, could have been the cause if concomitant with the degradation of the bonding mortar induced by the absence of maintenance and the loss of even minimal resistance capacities.

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Bakir, Serhan. "Evaluation Of Seismic Response Modification Factors For Steel Frames By Non-linear Analysis". Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607827/index.pdf.

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In this study steel framing systems are investigated with regards to their lateral load carrying capacity and in this context seismic response modification factors of individual systems are analyzed. Numerous load resisting layouts, such as different bracing systems and un-braced moment resisting frames with various bay and story configurations are designed and evaluated in a parametric fashion. Three types of beam to column connection conditions are incorporated in evaluation process. Frames, designed according to Turkish seismic code, are investigated by nonlinear static analysis with the guidance of previous studies and recent provisions of FEMA. Method of analysis, design and evaluation data are presented in detail. Previous studies in literature, history and the theory of response modification phenomenon is presented. Results are summarized, main weaknesses and ambiguities introduced to design by the use of &ldquo
R&rdquo
factors are stated depending on the observed behavior.

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Agrell, Fredrik. "Control of HCCI by aid of Variable Valve Timings with Specialization in Usage of a Non-Linear Quasi-Static Compensation". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Machine Design, Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4070.

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Pacitti, Arnaud. "Nonlinear modeling of elastic cables : experimental data-based tension identification via static inverse problem". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1142/document.

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La connaissance de la tension dans les câbles de pont est un élément de diagnostic important, tant à l'échelle du câble qu'à celle de l'ouvrage dont il fait partie.Le présent travail de thèse propose une méthode d'évaluation de la tension parméthode inverse à partir d'une formulation variationnelle mixte de câble géométriquement exact permettant de coupler simplement et à bas coût un modèle universel de câble et des capteurs d'utilisation courante tels que des jauges de déformation et des capteurs de déplacement. Contrairement à de nombreuses méthodes existantes, la méthode pésentée ne nécessite pas une connaissance fine des paramètres du câble pour évaluer sa tension.Les choix de modélisation faits sont motivés par une étude approfondie des différentes typologies des câbles présents sur ouvrage et par une étude bibliographique qui tente de synthétiser l'immense littérature disponible dans le domaine des câbles. La modélisation retenue est issue de la théorie des lignes déformables des frères Cosserat, dont nous présentons les variantes avec et sans rigidité de flexion.Les moyens d'essai utilisés pour la validation expérimentale de la méthode mise au point ont été conçus et réalisés au cours du présent travail. Le montage expérimental imaginé permet d'appliquer la méthode inverse sur un câble montoron multicouches de 21 m de long et 22 mm de diamètre. Les essais sont réalisés à 6 différents niveaux de tension échelonnés par paliers de 30 kN de 55 kN à 205 kN. Ils montrent l'efficacité de la méthode sur le câble testé et la pertinence de son déploiement à venir sur d'autres typologies de câbles
Knowledge of the tension in bridge cables is important not only to diagnostic the cable itself but also the construction it belongs to.The work presented in this thesis proposes to evaluate the tension of a geometrically exact cable using a static inverse method from a mixed variational formulation, by coupling simply and cheaply a universal cable model with usual sensors, such as displacement sensors and strain gauges. Contrarily to existing methods, a good knowledge of the cable's parameters, such as it length or weight per unit length, is not required.Combining a thorough study of various cable typologies encountered on bridges and the vast amounts of material available in the bibliography covering cables, lead to the modeling following the elastic theory of rods developed by the Cosserat brothers, François and Eugène, elaborating on their theory of rods with and without flexural stiffness.The experimental apparatus, designed and built in the course of this study, allowed to successfully validate the developed inverse method on a multilayered strand cable 21 m long and 22 mm in diameter at several tension levels. The universal aspect of the model introduced and its successful validation encourages its implementation to other cable typologies

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Gurkan, Niyazi Ersan. "Non-linear Mathematical Modeling Of Gear Rotor Bearing Systems Including Bearing Clearance". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606798/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT NON-LINEAR MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF GEAR-ROTOR-BEARING SYSTEMS INCLUDING BEARING CLEARANCE GÜ
RKAN, Niyazi Ersan M.S. Department of Mechanical Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. H. Nevzat Ö
ZGÜ
VEN November 2005, 130 pages In this study, a non-linear mathematical model of gear-rotor systems which consists of elastic shafts on elastic bearings with clearance and coupled by a non-linear gear mesh interface is developed. The mathematical model and the software (NLGRD 2.0) developed in a previous study is extended to include the non-linear effects due to bearing clearances by using non-linear bearing models. The model developed combines the versatility of using finite element method and the rigorous treatment of non-linear effect of backlash and bearing clearances on the dynamics of the system. The software uses the output of Load Distribution Program (LDP), which computes loaded static transmission error and mesh compliance for the contact points of a typical mesh cycle, as input. Although non-varying mesh compliance is assumed in the model, the excitation effect of time varying mesh stiffness is indirectly included through the loaded static transmission error, which is taken as a displacement input into the system. Previous computer program which was written in Fortran 77 is rewritten by using MatLAB 7.0 and named as NLGRD (Non-Linear Geared Rotor Dynamics) Version 3.0. The program is highly flexible and open to further developments. The program calculates dynamic to static load ratio, dynamic transmission error, forces and displacements at bearings. The mathematical model suggested and the code (NLGRD version 3.0) are validated by comparing the numerical results obtained from the model suggested with experimental data available in literature. The results are also compared with those of previously developed non-linear models. The effects of different system parameters such as bearing stiffness, bearing clearance and backlash on the gears are investigated. The emphasis is placed on the interaction of clearances in bearings with other system parameters.

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Hammami, Maroua. "Comportement mécanique et vibratoire des composites stratifiés sains et endommagés par délaminage". Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1022/document.

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Malgré d’excellentes propriétés mécaniques dans le plan, les stratifiés présentent un problème propre aux matériaux réalisés par stratification : le délaminage.Ainsi, ce travail de thèse a pour objet d’analyser le comportement en statique, en fatigue et en vibration linéaire et non linéaire des matériaux composite en présence d’endommagement de type délaminage. Dans ce but nous avons, dans un premier temps mis en place un modèle analytique simplifié, permettant de décrire le comportement élastique en flexion du composite multicouche en fonction de la longueur du délaminage.Une étude expérimentale détaillée a été menée pour caractériser le comportement mécanique en statique et en fatigue de ces matériaux. Des essais ont été conduits en flexion 3-points sur des poutres de ces matériaux pour plusieurs longueurs de délaminage. Ensuite, le comportement en vibration de ces matériaux a été étudié dans le cas de la flexion de poutres. Nous nous sommes intéressés à l’identification de l’amortissement et des propriétés élastiques de ces matériaux et à leur évolution en fonction de la longueur du délaminage.L’étude expérimentale de la réponse en fréquence à une excitation forcée a permis de mesurer les fréquences propres et les amortissements de ces matériaux autour de chaque pic de résonance pour plusieurs longueurs de délaminage. Les résultats déduits de l’analyse expérimentale ont été comparés aux résultats obtenus à partir d’une analyse par éléments finis. Enfin, une méthode de vibration non linéaire a été appliquée pour caractériser le comportement des matériaux composites en présence de délaminage. Les paramètres non linéaires relatifs au décalage fréquentiel et à l’amortissement sont mesurés en faisant varier l’amplitude d’excitation. Cette étude a permis de montrer que les paramètres non linéaires sont plus sensibles au délaminage que les paramètres linéaires
The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of delamination lengths on the static, fatigue, linear and nonlinear vibration behaviour of composite materials. An analytical model is first presented using laminated beams theory of bending behavior. A study was conducted in static and cyclic fatigue loading with various debonding lengths. Flexural modulus in static tests was determined using the composite plate theory. The effects of delamination lengths on the stiffness, hysteresis loops and damping were studied for various numbers of cycles during fatigue tests. Then, modeling of the damping of a composite with delaminaton was established considering finite element analysis which evaluated the different energies dissipated in the material directions. The effects of delamination variable lengths on natural frequencies and damping were studied numerically and compared with experimental results. Finally, the nonlinear vibration method was used to characterize the behaviour of composite beams with delamination. The nonlinear parameters corresponding to the elastic modulus and damping were determined for each frequency mode and each debonding length. The results showed that nonlinear parameters were much more sensitive to damage than linear parameters

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Abate, Domenico. "Modelling and control of RFX-mod tokamak equilibria". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421955.

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The subject that concerns this thesis is the modelling and control of plasma equilibria in the RFX-mod device operating as shaped tokamak. The aim was to develop an overall model of the plasma-conductors-controller system of RFX-mod shaped tokamak configuration for electromagnetic control purposes, with particular focus on vertical stability. Thus, the RFX-mod device is described by models of increasing complexity and involving both theoretical and experimental data. The CREATE-L code is used to develop 2D linearized plasma response models, with simplifying assumptions on the conducting structures (axisymmetric approximations). Such models, thanks to their simplicity, have been used for feedback controller design. The CarMa0 code is used to develop linearized plasma response models, but considering a detailed 3D description of the conducting structures. These models provide useful hints on the accuracy of the simplified models and on the importance of 3D structures in the plasma dynamics. The CarMa0NL code is used to model the time evolution of plasma equilibria, by taking into account also nonlinear effects which can come into play during specific phases (e.g. disruptions, limiter-to-divertor transitions, L-H transition etc.). The activity can be divided into two main parts: the first one involves the modelling of numerically generated low-β plasmas, which are used as a reference for the design and implementation of the plasma shape and position control system; the second part is related to the results of the experimental campaigns on shaped plasmas from low-β to H-mode regime, with particular efforts on the development of a novel plasma response model for the new equilibrium regimes achieved. Several challenges and peculiarities characterize the project in both the modelling and control frameworks. Strong plasma shape and different plasma regimes (i.e. low-β to H-mode plasmas), deeply affect the modelling activity and require the development of several numerical tools and methods of analysis. From the control system point of view, non-totally observable dynamic and model order reduction requirements allowed a full application of the model based approach in order to successfully design the plasma shape and vertical stability control system. The first part is based on theoretical data generated by the MAXFEA equilibrium code and used to derive the linearized model through the CREATE-L code. Two reference models have been produced for the magnetic configurations interested in shaped operations: the lower single null (LSN) and the upper single null (USN). The CREATE-L models are the most simple in terms of modelling complexity, because the conducting structures are described within the axisymmetric approximation. On the other hand, the simple but reliable properties of the CREATE-L model led to the successful design of the RFX-mod plasma shape and control system, which has been successfully tested and used to increase plasma performances involved in the second part of the thesis. Then, an investigation on the possible 3D effects of the conducting structures on these numerically generated plasma configurations has been carried out by producing plasma linearized models with an increased level of complexity. A detailed 3D volumetric description of the conducting structures of RFX-mod has been carried out and included in the plasma linearized models through the CarMa0 code. A comparison between the accuracy of this model and the previous 2D one has been performed. The different assumptions and approximations of the various models allow a clear identification of the key phenomena ruling the evolution of the n=0 vertical instability in RFX-mod tokamak discharges, and hence, provide fundamental information in the planning and the execution of related experiments and in refining the control system design. Finally, the nonlinear evolutionary equilibrium model including 3D volumetric structures CarMa0NL has been used to model nonlinear effects by simulating a "fictitious" linear current quench. The second part involves a modelling activity strictly related to the results of the experimental campaigns. In particular, new linearized models for the experimental plasmas in USN configuration have been carried out for all the plasma regimes involved in the experimental campaign, i.e. from low-β to H-mode. An iterative procedure for the production of accurate linearized plasma response models has been realized in order to handle the experimental data. The new plasma linearized models allowed further investigations on vertical stability, including 3D wall effects, in the three different plasma regimes (i.e. low-β, intermediate-β, H-mode). Furthermore, the axisymmetric plasma linearized models (CREATE-L) have been analyzed in the framework of the control theory revealing peculiar features in terms of associated SISO transfer function for vertical stability control and in terms of full MIMO model for shaping control. The MIMO model has been used to investigate the plasma wall-gaps oscillations experimentally observed in some intermediate-β plasma shots. A non-linear time evolution of the plasma discharge for a low-β plasma has been carried out by using the evolutionary equilibrium code CarMa0NL. Finally, it was investigated the vertical instability for the experimental plasmas in terms of a possible relation between plasma parameters and the occurrence of it; for these purposes, the solution of the inverse plasma equilibrium problem for the production of numerically generated plasma equilibria with variations on the plasma parameters observed experimentally was performed. This involves a wide class of numerical methods that will be described in details. Then, statistical hypothesis test has been adopted to compare the mean values of the parameters of both experimental and numerically generated plasmas showing different behaviours in terms of vertical stability.
La presente tesi tratta la modellazione e il controllo di plasmi in equilibrio, a sezione non circolare e relativi all’esperimento RFX-mod operante come tokamak. L’obiettivo è di sviluppare un modello complessivo di RFX-mod (includendo plasmaconduttori- controllore) con finalità di controllo elettromagnetico del plasma. L’esperimento RFX-mod è stato descritto con modelli caratterizzati da un crescente livello di complessità, coinvolgendo sia dati teorici che sperimentali. Il codice CREATE-L è stato usato per lo sviluppo di modelli linearizzati di risposta di plasma, con ipotesi semplificative sulla rappresentazione delle strutture conduttrici (approssimazione assialsimmetrica). Questi modelli, grazie alla loro semplicità, sono stati utilizzati per la progettazione del sistema di controllo. Il codice CarMa0 è stato usato per sviluppare modelli analoghi ma con una rappresentazione tridimensionale delle strutture conduttrici; questi permettono di verificare l’accuratezza dei modelli semplificati e indagare l’importanza delle strutture tridimensionali sulla dinamica del sistema. Il codice CarMa0NL ha permesso la trattazione di fenomeni evolutivi nel tempo e nonlineari (e.g. disruzioni, transizioni limiter-divertor, transizioni L-H etc.). L’attività può essere suddivisa in due parti: la prima riguarda la modellizzazione di plasmi a basso β teorici, non ottenuti sperimentalmente, usati come riferimento per la progettazione e l’implementazione del sistema di controllo della forma e della posizione verticale del plasma; la seconda parte, è legata ai risultati delle campagne sperimentali sui plasmi a sezione non circolari in diversi regimi, dal basso β al modo H, con particolare attenzione allo sviluppo di un nuovo modello linearizzato di risposta di plasma per i nuovi regimi di equilibrio raggiunti. L’attività di ricerca è caratterizzata da molteplici problematiche e peculiarità sia in termini di modellazione che di controllo. La pronunciata non circolarità della forma di plasma e i diversi regimi coinvolti hanno influenzato fortemente l’attività di modellazione che ha richiesto, infatti, lo sviluppo di molteplici strumenti computazionali e di analisi dati. Per quanto concerne il controllo, la non completa osservabilità della dinamica del sistema e la necessità di ridurre l’ordine del modello sono solo alcuni degli aspetti che hanno determinato la progettazione del sistema di controllo di forma e di posizione verticale. La prima parte è basata su dati teorici generati dal codice di equilibrio MAXFEA e poi utilizzati per derivare il modello linearizzato attraverso il codice CREATE-L. In questo contesto, sono stati prodotti due modelli di riferimento per le configurazioni magnetiche relative a plasmi non circolari: il singolo nullo inferiore (LSN) e il singolo nullo superiore (USN). I modelli CREATE-L sono i più semplici in termini di complessità di modellazione, in quanto le strutture conduttive della macchina sono descritte nell’approssimazione assialsimmetrica. D’altro canto, le proprietà semplici ma affidabili del modello CREATE-L hanno portato alla progettazione del sistema di controllo di forma e posizione verticale del plasma di RFX-mod, che è stato in seguito testato e utilizzato con successo per aumentare le prestazioni del plasma. Successivamente, è stata condotta un’analisi sui possibili effetti 3D delle strutture conduttrici sulle due configurazioni di plasma di riferimento, producendo dunque modelli linearizzati caratterizzati da un sempre maggiore livello di complessità. Una dettagliata descrizione volumetrica (3D) delle strutture conduttrici di RFX-mod è stata eseguita e inclusa nei modelli linearizzati di plasma attraverso il codice CarMa0. Successivamente, è stato eseguito un confronto tra l’accuratezza di questo modello e quello precedente 2D. Le diverse ipotesi e approssimazioni dei vari modelli consentono una chiara identificazione dei fenomeni chiave che governano l’evoluzione dell’instabilità verticale n = 0 in scariche RFX-mod tokamak e quindi forniscono informazioni fondamentali nella pianificazione ed esecuzione di esperimenti correlati oltre che nella raffinazione del progetto del sistema di controllo. Infine, il modello di equilibrio evolutivo non lineare CarMa0NL, che comprende le strutture volumetriche 3D, è stato utilizzato per modellare gli effetti non lineari simulando una variazione di corrente lineare "fittizia". La seconda parte è costituita da un’attività di modellazione strettamente correlata ai risultati delle campagne sperimentali. In particolare, sono stati eseguiti nuovi modelli linearizzati per i plasmi sperimentali nella configurazione USN per tutti i regimi di plasma coinvolti, cioè dal basso β fino al modo H. È stata ideata e sviluppata una procedura iterativa per la produzione di modelli linearizzati di risposta di plasma estremamente accurati, al fine di riprodurre al meglio i dati sperimentali. I nuovi modelli hanno consentito ulteriori studi sulla stabilità verticale, inclusi gli effetti della parete 3D, nei tre diversi regimi studiati (basso β, β intermedio, modo H). I modelli linearizzati assialsimmetrici (CREATE-L) sono stati analizzati dal punto di vista della teoria dei controlli, rilevando caratteristiche peculiari in termini di funzione di trasferimento SISO associata al controllo della stabilità verticale e in termini di modello completo MIMO relativo al controllo di forma. Il modello MIMO è stato utilizzato per indagare le oscillazioni nella forma del plasma osservate sperimentalmente in alcune scariche a β intermedio. L’evoluzione temporale non lineare della scarica di plasma, per plasmi sperimentali a regimi a basso β, è stata effettuata usando il codice di equilibrio evolutivo CarMa0NL. Infine, è stata studiata l’instabilità verticale per i plasmi sperimentali in termini di un possibile rapporto tra i parametri del plasma e il suo verificarsi; a tal fine è stata eseguita la soluzione del problema inverso per la produzione di equilibri di plasma teorici di riferimento, prodotti come variazioni sui parametri dei plasmi osservati sperimentalmente, il che comporta una vasta gamma di metodi numerici descritti in dettaglio. Successivamente, è stato adottato un test di ipotesi statistica per confrontare i valori medi dei parametri di plasma, sia sperimentali che teorici, associati a due diversi comportamenti in termini di stabilità verticale.

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Tran, Quang Thinh. "Modélisation de la dynamique non linéaire d'un train de tiges de forage immergé dans un puits de trajectoire 3D". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI082.

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La thèse réalisée s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet de Labcom DrilLab entre le LaMCoS UMR 5259 – INSA Lyon et la PME DrillScan dont l’objectif de développer des modèles non linéaires pour simuler le comportement dynamique de train de tiges de forage pour l’extraction pétrolière et l’exploitation géothermique. La compréhension et la maîtrise du comportement vibratoire des éléments en rotation améliorent la vitesse de pénétration et réduisent le MTBF, le temps moyen entre deux défaillances. Dans cette thèse, le train de tiges est modélisé par des éléments finis de poutre droite en prenant en compte des couplages axial/torsion- flexion, des interactions tige-puits, fluide-structure. L’effet de la trajectoire 3D du puits provoquant l’état pré-chargé initial du train de tiges est considéré par le calcul du parcours : la tige en position initiale verticale est ramenée à la ligne neutre du puits en utilisant la méthode co-rotationnelle. La position d’équilibre quasi-statique du train de tiges confiné dans le puits sous des actions de la gravité, du poids et du couple sur l’outil, du fluide pulsé et des réactions de contact est obtenue par la méthode itérative Newton-Raphson. Les analyses modales, le diagramme de Campbell, et les réponses dynamiques non linéaires sont investigués à partir de cette position d’équilibre initial du train de tige dans le puits. Les réponses dynamiques sous différentes sources d’excitation (de balourd, harmonique, asynchrone, transitoire, etc.) peuvent être obtenues par la résolution du système des équations dynamiques non linéaires à l’aide du schéma numérique de Runge-Kutta d’ordre 4 avec un pas de temps adaptatif pour réduire significativement le temps de calcul. Afin de suivre le comportement dynamique de tout le train de tiges qui peut atteindre en réalité quelques kilomètres de longueur, la technique de réduction de modèle de type Craig-Bampton est mise en œuvre. Ainsi, la rapidité de simulation dynamique du modèle proposé dans cette thèse est bien améliorée. La modélisation développée a été implémentée dans un outil de simulation (DrillSim – Drilling Simulation) dans le cadre du projet DrilLab
This research work is a part of the Labcom DrilLab, a joint laboratory between the LaMCoS UMR 5259 - INSA Lyon and the SME DrillScan, in the framework of the ANR-SME program. DrilLab’s objective is to develop the nonlinear models to simulate the dynamic behavior of drillstring for the oil extraction and geothermal exploitation. Understanding and controlling the vibratory behavior of the rotating elements improves the rate of penetration and reduces the mean time between two failures. In this thesis, the drillstring is modeled with straight Timoshenko beam finite element accounting axial-flexion and torsion -flexion couplings, drillstring-well and fluid-structure interactions. The effect of the 3D trajectory of the well causing the initial pre-loaded state of the drillstring is considered by the path calculation: the drillstring in vertical initial position is forced to correspond to the borehole axis using the co-rotational formulation. The quasi-static equilibrium position of drillstring confined in the well under the actions of gravity, weight and torque on bit, pulsed fluid and contact reactions is obtained by the iterative method Newton-Raphson. Modal analysis, Campbell's diagram, and non-linear dynamic responses are investigated from this initial equilibrium position of the drillstring in the well. The developed fluid model is adapted to the 3D curve of the drillstring and considers the eccentric annular drillstring-well clearance. Dynamic responses under different excitation sources (unbalance, harmonic, asynchronous, transient, etc.) can be obtained by solving the system of non-linear dynamic equations using the Runge-Kutta numerical scheme of order 4 with an adaptive time step to significantly reduce the calculation time. In order to follow the dynamic behavior of the entire drillstring that can actually reach a few kilometers in length, the Craig-Bampton reduction technique is implemented. Thus, the dynamic simulation speed of the proposed model in this thesis is much improved. The developed modeling has been implemented in the developed computer code DrillSim - Drilling Simulation. Finally several well configurations are simulated for predicting their nonlinear statics and dynamics responses

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Barghian, M. Non-linear static and dynamic analysis of bar element structures. Manchester: UMIST, 1996.

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T, Chui P. P., a cura di. Non-linear static and cyclic analysis of steel frames with semi-rigid connections. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2000.

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Gilbert, Abraham-Frois, a cura di. Non-linear dynamics and endogenous cycles. Berlin: Springer, 1998.

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J, Shaker Francis, Fertis Demeter G e Lewis Research Center, a cura di. Dynamic analysis of space-related linear and non-linear structures. Cleveland, Ohio: NASA Lewis Research Facility, 1990.

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J, Shaker Francis, Fertis Demeter G e Lewis Research Center, a cura di. Dynamic analysis of space-related linear and non-linear structures. Cleveland, Ohio: NASA Lewis Research Facility, 1990.

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The hunters and the hunted: A non-linear solution for reengineering the workplace. Portland, Or: Productivity Press, 1994.

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Chi-Wen, Lin, Gutierrez B, Liu T. H, Singh Mahendra P, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Pressure Vessels and Piping Division. e Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (1991 : San Diego, Calif.), a cura di. DOE facilities programs and systems interaction with linear and non-linear techniques: Presented at the 1991 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, San Diego, California, June 23-27, 1991. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991.

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Meskin, Vladimir, Oksana Gavril'chenko e Nina Trofimova. History of Russian literature: from the middle Ages to modernism (propaedeutic course). ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1058837.

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The textbook introduces Russian fine literature from the era of its origin to the beginning of the XX century, with historical factors that influenced the processes that took place in it. Its authors are experts in each of the stated theme. Acquaintance with each historical and literary stage begins with its cultural review, followed by pages devoted to the work of the most prominent artists of the word of the period under review. At the same time, one chronological review follows from another, so that the history of culture and literature is presented not dotted, but chronologically linear, in the dynamics of interrelated processes. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. The textbook is written in the genre of propaedeutics and is intended primarily for foreign students studying at preparatory departments and faculties. it will be useful for students of non-philological profile, students of secondary special educational institutions, as well as for anyone interested in Russian literature.

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Introduction to chaos and coherence. Bristol: Institute of Physics Publishing, 1992.

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Chan, Siu-Lai, e Pui-Tak Chui. Non-Linear Static and Cyclic Analysis of Steel Frames with Semi-Rigid Connections. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2000.

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Kitsos, Christos P. "Static Design". In Optimal Experimental Design for Non-Linear Models, 31–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45287-1_4.

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Matringe, Nadir, Arnaldo Vieira Moura e Rachid Rebiha. "Generating Invariants for Non-linear Hybrid Systems by Linear Algebraic Methods". In Static Analysis, 373–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15769-1_23.

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Bensalem, S., M. Bozga, J. C. Fernandez, L. Ghirvu e Y. Lakhnech. "A Transformational Approach for Generating Non-linear Invariants". In Static Analysis, 58–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45099-3_4.

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Cherini, Renato, Lucas Rearte e Javier Blanco. "A Shape Analysis for Non-linear Data Structures". In Static Analysis, 201–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15769-1_13.

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Salman, A., e K. I. Praseeda. "Progressive Collapse Analysis of RC Buildings Using Linear Static and Non-linear Static Method". In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 461–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55115-5_44.

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Damjanić, Frano B. "On Non-Linear Static and Dynamic Thin Shell Analysis". In IUTAM Symposium on Discretization Methods in Structural Mechanics, 131–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4589-3_15.

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Bergami, A. V., A. Forte, D. Lavorato e C. Nuti. "Non Linear Static Analysis: Application of Existing Concrete Building". In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 329–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78936-1_24.

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Mrugalski, Marcin. "MLP in Robust Fault Detection of Static Non-linear Systems". In Advanced Neural Network-Based Computational Schemes for Robust Fault Diagnosis, 69–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01547-7_4.

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Hirsch, Markus, e Thomas E. Passenbrunner. "Extension of Static Non-linear DoE Identification Algorithms to Dynamic Systems". In Computer Aided Systems Theory – EUROCAST 2011, 33–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27579-1_5.

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Ivanova, Jordanka, e Franco Pastrone. "Instability of Thin Elastic and Elasto-Plastic Orthotropic Shells under Combined Static and Dynamic Loading". In Geometric Method for Stability of Non-Linear Elastic Thin Shells, 109–67. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1511-1_4.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "NON-LINEAR STATIC"

JIANG, W., W. JONES, K. WU e T. WANG. "Non-linear and linear, static and dynamic analyses of helical springs". In 30th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-1200.

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Cheng, Lerong, Jinjun Xiong e Lei He. "Non-Linear Statistical Static Timing Analysis for Non-Gaussian Variation Sources". In 2007 44th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dac.2007.375162.

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Cheng, Lerong, Jinjun Xiong e Lei He. "Non-linear statistical static timing analysis for non-Gaussian variation sources". In the 44th annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1278480.1278541.

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Safi, Khaled, Ahmad Diab, Inke Marie Albertsen, Emilie Hutin, Samer Mohammed, Mohamad Khalil, Yacine Amirat e Jean-Michel Gracies. "Non-linear analysis of human stability during static posture". In 2015 International Conference on Advances in Biomedical Engineering (ICABME). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icabme.2015.7323308.

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Wallen, Samuel P., Michael R. Haberman, Zhaocheng Lu, Andrew Norris, Tyler Wiest e Carolyn C. Seepersad. "Static and dynamic non-reciprocity in bi-linear structures". In 21st International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics. Acoustical Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0000861.

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Jones, C. C. R., D. Rowse, G. A. M. Odam e C. Pinchen. "Non-Linear Effects Influencing Lightning Induced Currents and Voltages". In International Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-2930.

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Slyadnikov, E. E., e I. Yu Turchanovsky. "MULTILEVEL MODEL OF QUASI-STATIC DEFORMATION OF AMORPHOUS METAL ALLOYS". In Physical Mesomechanics of Materials. Physical Principles of Multi-Layer Structure Forming and Mechanisms of Non-Linear Behavior. Novosibirsk State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1353-3-36.

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Alforno, Marco, Alessia Monaco, Fiammetta Venuti e Chiara Calderini. "SEISMIC ASSESSMENT OF MASONRY CROSS VAULTS THROUGH NON-LINEAR STATIC ANALYSES". In 8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research National Technical University of Athens, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120121.8502.19346.

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Munteanu, R., Gh Todoran e R. Copandean. "Multiple synchronous detection method for measuring non-linear and static resistance". In 11th International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment. OPTIM 2008. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/optim.2008.4602505.

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Wang, Liquan, Songyu Li, Lin Ma, Dong Lv, Wenxue Jin e Luyao Zhang. "Study on non-linear static behavior of the tendon connector flexjoint". In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icma.2017.8016005.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "NON-LINEAR STATIC"

Reyes-Tagle, Gerardo, e Jorge E. Muñoz-Ayala. Debt and Economic Growth: Does Size Matter? Evidence from Dynamic Parametric and Static Non-parametric Approaches. Inter-American Development Bank, aprile 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004818.

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This paper provides new evidence on the effect of debt on economic growth through two alternative methodological approaches. On the one hand, by using a panel error correction model with a sample of 130 countries between 1980 and 2020, we found evidence of the existence of a range of debt-to-GDP ratios for which economic growth remains positive after debt surges. This threshold may lie between 32 percent and 136 percent, with optimal economic growth achieved at an 84 percent debt-to-GDP ratio for the whole sample of countries. The error correction form for the economic growth was dynamically consistent and non-linear with respect to the debt-to-GDP ratio. On the other hand, recent evidence has shown that commodity price volatility increases external debt accumulation for commodity-exporting countries. Still, there is no evidence of the effects of debt surges on these countries' economic growth. This paper provides original insights into the relationship between economic growth and the debt-to-GDP ratio for commodity and non-commodity-driven economies by employing a regression discontinuity design (RDD) approach. This method allows us to estimate differences in economic growth around an estimated threshold without assuming any specific function for the underlying relationship between the two variables. Our findings suggest that non-commodity-driven economies benefit from a higher threshold (85 percent) than commodity-exporting economies (50 percent).

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Slemrod, M. Non-Linear Systems in Infinite Dimensional State Spaces. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, ottobre 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada162869.

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Andreasen, Martin, Jesús Fernández-Villaverde e Juan Rubio-Ramírez. The Pruned State-Space System for Non-Linear DSGE Models: Theory and Empirical Applications. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, aprile 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18983.

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Balasubramaniam, Krishnan. Understanding of Materials State and its Degradation using Non-Linear Ultrasound (NLU) Approaches - Phase 3. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maggio 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada592196.

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Tunc Aldemir, Don W. Miller, Brian k. Hajek e Peng Wang. Development of a Probabilistic Technique for On-line Parameter and State Estimation in Non-linear Dynamic Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/793324.

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Carroll, Daniel R., André Victor D. Luduvice e Eric R. Young. Optimal Fiscal Reform with Many Taxes. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, febbraio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202307.

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We study the optimal one-shot tax reform in the standard incomplete markets model where households differ in their wealth, earnings, permanent labor skill, and age. The government can provide transfers by raising tax revenue and has several tax instruments at its disposal: a flat capital income tax, a flat consumption tax, and a non-linear labor income tax. The optimal fiscal policy funds a transfer that is nearly 50 percent of GDP through a combination of very high taxes on consumption and capital income. The labor tax schedule has a high average rate but is also moderately progressive. We find an identical outcome when policy is instead determined by majority voting. Finally, we offer suggestive empirical evidence that households’ preferences for tax and redistribution are more strongly associated with political identity than economic status.

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Garcia-Bernardo, Javier, e Petr Janský. Profit Shifting of Multinational Corporations Worldwide. Institute of Development Studies, marzo 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.005.

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Multinational corporations (MNCs) avoid taxes by shifting their profits from countries where real activity takes place towards tax havens, depriving governments worldwide of billions of tax revenue. Earlier research investigating the scale and distribution of profit shifting has faced methodological and data challenges, both of which we address. First, we propose a logarithmic function to model the extremely non-linear relationship between the location of profits and tax rates faced by MNCs at those locations – that is, the extreme concentration of profits without corresponding economic activity in a small number of low-tax jurisdictions. We show that the logarithmic model allows for a more accurate identification of profit shifting than linear and quadratic models. Second, we apply the logarithmic model to newly available country-by-country reporting data for large MNCs – this provides information on the activities of large MNCs, including for the first time many low- and lower-middle-income countries. We estimate that MNCs shifted US$1 trillion of profits to tax havens in 2016, which implies approximately US$200-300 billion in tax revenue losses worldwide. MNCs headquartered in the United States and Bermuda are the most aggressive at shifting profits towards tax havens, while MNCs headquartered in India, China, Mexico and South Africa the least. We establish which countries gain and lose most from profit shifting: the Cayman Islands, Luxembourg, Bermuda, Hong Kong and the Netherlands are among the most important tax havens, whereas low- and lower-middle-income countries tend to lose more tax revenue relative to their total tax revenue. Our findings thus support the arguments of low- and lower-middle-income countries that they should be represented on an equal footing during international corporate tax reform debates.

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Lubowa, Nasser, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn e Kari L. Clase. Pharmaceutical Industry in Uganda: A Review of the Common GMP Non-conformances during Regulatory Inspections. Purdue University, dicembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317442.

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The prevalence of substandard medicines in Africa is high but not well documented. Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) are likely to face considerable challenges with substandard medications. Africa faces inadequate drug regulatory practices, and in general, compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in most of the pharmaceutical industries is lacking. The majority of pharmaceutical manufacturers in developing countries are often overwhelmed by the GMP requirements and therefore are unable to operate in line with internationally acceptable standards. Non-conformances observed during regulatory inspections provide the status of the compliance to GMP requirements. The study aimed to identify the GMP non-conformances during regulatory inspections and gaps in the production of pharmaceuticals locally manufactured in Uganda by review of the available 50 GMP reports of 21 local pharmaceutical companies in Uganda from 2016. The binary logistic generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was applied to estimate the association between odds of a company failing to comply with the GMP requirements and non-conformances under each GMP inspection parameter. Analysis using dummy estimation to linear regression included determination of the relationship that existed between the selected variables (GMP inspection parameters) and the production capacity of the local pharmaceutical industry. Oral liquids, external liquid preparations, powders, creams, and ointments were the main categories of products manufactured locally. The results indicated that 86% of the non-conformances were major, 11% were minor, and 3% critical. The majority of the non-conformances were related to production (30.1%), documentation (24.5%), and quality control (17.6%). Regression results indicated that for every non-conformance under premises, equipment, and utilities, there was a 7-fold likelihood of the manufacturer failing to comply with the GMP standards (aOR=6.81, P=0.001). The results showed that major non-conformances were significantly higher in industries of small scale (B=6.77, P=0.02) and medium scale (B=8.40, P=0.04), as compared to those of large scale. This study highlights the failures in quality assurance systems and stagnated GMP improvements in these industries that need to be addressed by the manufacturers with support from the regulator. The addition of risk assessment to critical production and quality control operations and establishment of appropriate corrective and preventive actions as part of quality management systems are required to ensure that quality pharmaceuticals are manufactured locally.

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Hefetz, Abraham, e Justin O. Schmidt. Use of Bee-Borne Attractants for Pollination of Nonrewarding Flowers: Model System of Male-Sterile Tomato Flowers. United States Department of Agriculture, ottobre 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586462.bard.

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The use of bee natural product for enhancing pollination is especially valuable in problematic crops that are generally avoided by bees. In the present research we attempted to enhance bee visitation to Male Sterile (M-S) tomato flowers generally used in the production of hybrid seeds. These flowers that lack both pollen and nectar are unattractive to bees that learn rapidly to avoid them. The specific objects were to elucidate the chemical composition of the exocrine products of two bumble bee species the North American Bombus impatiens and the Israeli B. terrestris. Of these, to isolate and identify a bee attractant which when sprayed on M-S tomato flowers will enhance bee visitation, and to provide a procedure of the pheromone application regime. During the research we realized that our knowledge of B. impatiens is too little and we narrowed the objective to learning the basic social behavior of the bees and the pattern of foraging in a flight chamber and how it is affected by biogenic amines. Colonies of B. impatiens are characterized by a high number of workers and a relatively small number of queens. Size differences between queens and workers are pronounced and the queen seems to have full control over egg laying. Only about 9% of the workers in mature colonies had mature oocytes, and there were no signs of a "competition phase" as we know in B. terrestris. Queens and workers differ in their exocrine bouquet. Queen's Dufour's gland possesses a series of linear, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons whereas that of workers contains in addition a series of wax-type esters. Bees were trained to either visit or avoid artificially scented electronic flowers in a flight chamber. Since bee also learned to avoid scented non-rewarding flowers we attempted to interfere with this learning. We tested the effect of octopamine, a biogenic amine affecting bee behavior, on the choice behavior of free-flying bumblebees. Our results show that octopamine had no significant effect on the bees' equilibrium choice or on the overall rate of the behavioral change in response to the change in reward. Rather, octopamine significantly affected the time interval between the change in reward status and the initiation of behavioral change in the bee. In B. terrestris we studied the foraging pattern of the bees on tomato flowers in a semi commercial greenhouse in Yad Mordechai. Bee learned very quickly to avoid the non- rewarding M-S flowers, irrespective of their arrangement in the plot, i.e., their mixing with normal, pollen bearing flowers. However, bees seem to "forget" this information during the night since the foraging pattern repeats itself the next morning. Several exocrine products were tested as visitation enhancers. Among these, tarsal gland extracts are the most attractive. The compounds identified in the tarsal gland extract are mostly linear saturated hydrocarbons with small amounts of unsaturated ones. Application was performed every second day on leaves in selected inflorescences. Bee visitation increased significantly in the treated inflorescences as compared to the control, solvent treated. Treatment of the anthers cone was more effective than on the flower petals or the surrounding leaves. Methanol proved to be a non-flower-destructive solvent. We have shown that bumble bees (B. terrestris) can be manipulated by bee-borne attractants to visit non-rewarding flowers. We have further demonstrated that the bees learning ability can be manipulated by applying exogenously octopamine. Both methods can be additively applied in enhancing pollination of desired crops. Such manipulation will be especially useful in tomato cultivation for hybrid seed production.

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Taucher, Jan, e Markus Schartau. Report on parameterizing seasonal response patterns in primary- and net community production to ocean alkalinization. OceanNETs, novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d5.2.

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We applied a 1-D plankton ecosystem-biogeochemical model to assess the impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) on seasonal changes in biogeochemistry and plankton dynamics. Depending on deployment scenarios, OAE should theoretically have variable effects on pH and seawater pCO2, which might in turn affect (a) plankton growth conditions and (b) the efficiency of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) via OAE. Thus, a major focus of our work is how different magnitudes and temporal frequencies of OAE might affect seasonal response patterns of net primary productivity (NPP), ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical cycling. With our study we aimed at identifying a parameterization of how magnitude and frequency of OAE affect net growth rates, so that these effects could be employed for Earth System Modell applications. So far we learned that a meaningful response parameterization has to resolve positive and negative anomalies that covary with temporal shifts. As to the intricacy of the response patterns, the derivation of such parameterization is work in progress. However, our study readily provides valuable insights to how OAE can alter plankton dynamics and biogeochemistry. Our modelling study first focuses at a local site where time series data are available (European Station for Time series in the Ocean Canary Islands ESTOC), including measurements of pH, concentrations of total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), chlorophyll-a and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). These observational data were made available by Andres Cianca (personal communication, PLOCAN, Spain), Melchor Gonzalez and Magdalena Santana Casiano (personal communication, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria). The choice of this location was underpinned by the fact that the first OAE mesocosm experiment was conducted on the Canary Island Gran Canaria, which will facilitate synthesizing our modelling approach with experimental findings. For our simulations at the ESTOC site in the Subtropical North Atlantic we found distinct, non-linear responses of NPP to different temporal modes of alkalinity deployment. In particular, phytoplankton bloom patterns displayed pronounced temporal phase shifts and changes in their amplitude. Notably, our simulations suggest that OAE can have a slightly stimulating effect on NPP, which is however variable, depending on the magnitude of OAE and the temporal mode of alkalinity addition. Furthermore, we find that increasing alkalinity perturbations can lead to a shift in phytoplankton community composition (towards coccolithophores), which even persists after OAE has stopped. In terms of CDR, we found that a decrease in efficiency with increasing magnitude of alkalinity addition, as well as substantial differences related to the timing of addition. Altogether, our results suggest that annual OAE during the right season (i.e. physical and biological conditions), could be a reasonable compromise in terms of logistical feasibility, efficiency of CDR and side-effects on marine biota. With respect to transferability to global models, the complex, non-linear responses of biological processes to OAE identified in our simulations do not allow for simple parameterizations that can easily adapted. Dedicated future work is required to transfer the observed responses at small spatiotemporal scales to the coarser resolution of global models.

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