Bibliografie tematiche / Obesity – South Africa – Eastern Cape

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Obesity – South Africa – Eastern Cape"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 18 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Obesity – South Africa – Eastern Cape"

Monakali, Sizeka, Daniel Ter Goon, Eunice Seekoe e Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi. "A Cross-Sectional Survey of the Prevalence and Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Primary Healthcare Professional Nurses In Eastern Cape, South Africa". Global Journal of Health Science 11, n. 4 (15 marzo 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n4p53.

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There is a paucity of data on the burden of obesity among primary Health care professional nurses in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This study examines the prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity among Primary Healthcare Professional nurses in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This workplace cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 Primary Health Care Professional nurses selected conveniently across 41 primary healthcare facilities in Eastern Cape, South Africa following a the WHO STEPwise approach and using the WHO STEPwise questionnaire for data collection. Data were expressed as mean, counts and proportions, as appropriate. We compared percentages using chi-square test. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted. Seventy six percent of the nurses were obese and 18% were overweight. Age, gender, marital status, duration of practice, alcohol use and smoking were significantly associated with obesity. Only age >30 years and not using alcohol were independent predictors of obesity, after adjusting for confounders. We found a high prevalence of obesity among primary healthcare professional nurses in this setting. This constitute future risk for an increased prevalence of chronic diseases among the healthcare workforce in this setting. There is a need for measures to promote healthy lifestyle behaviours and weight management among nurses in this setting.

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Monakali, Sizeka, Daniel Ter Goon, Eunice Seekoe e Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi. "Prevalence and factors associated with abdominal obesity among primary health care professional nurses in Eastern Cape, South Africa". South African Family Practice 60, n. 5 (23 ottobre 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v60i5.4920.

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Background: Nurses are key stakeholders in health promotion and obesity management, yet a high-risk group for obesity development. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of abdominal obesity among primary health care professional nurses (PHCPNs) in Eastern Cape, South Africa.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 203 PHCPNs conveniently selected across 41 primary health care facilities in Eastern Cape, South Africa. The WHO STEPwise questionnaire was used for data collection. Abdominal obesity was defined according to the WHO criteria as a waist circumference ≥ 94 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women or waist-to-hip ratio ≥ 0.90 in men and ≥ 0.85 in women; and a waist-to-height ratio of 0.50.Results: The prevalence of abdominal obesity ranged from 50%, to 87% to 90%, using waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio, respectively. Age, gender and duration of practice were significantly associated with abdominal obesity. After adjusting for potential confounders, only age 30 years (OR = 6.7; 95% CI = 2.4–18.7; p 0.001) and female sex (AOR = 7.9; 95% CI = 2.4–18.7; p 0.001) were independent predictors of obesity.Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of abdominal obesity among PHCPNs in Eastern Cape, South Africa, which was associated with female sex and ageing. This constitutes a potential risk for the healthcare workforce of the province and might be an impediment to adequate conveyance to patients of health education on healthy weight management by the affected nurses. There is an urgent need for appropriate workplace health policies targeted towards the promotion of physical activities, healthy lifestyle and ultimately weight reduction among this group.

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Matjuda, Edna N., Godwill A. Engwa, Prescilla B. Letswalo, Muhau M. Mungamba, Constance R. Sewani-Rusike e Benedicta N. Nkeh-Chungag. "Association of Hypertension and Obesity with Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in Children Aged 6–9 Years Old in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa". Children 7, n. 4 (28 marzo 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7040025.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are known to begin early in life, but limited data on the relationship of obesity and hypertension with other known CVD risk factors, such as endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and chronic low-grade inflammation is available on children. In this cross-sectional study involving 6–9 years old school children aged from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa the relationship between obesity/hypertension and other risk factors for CVDs was investigated. General anthropometric parameters were measured, followed by blood pressure (BP) measurements and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Urine samples were collected for the determination of albumin, creatinine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), 8-hydroxy-2deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS). Overweight/obesity (19.28%) and pre-hypertension/hypertension (42.16%) were prevalent in children. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), a marker of obesity, was positively correlated with ADMA, while ADMA and PWV were significantly different (p < 0.05) between hypertensive and normotensive children. Also, TBARS and 8-OHdG were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in hypertensive subjects. Creatinine was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in obese, as well as in hypertensive children, and positively associated with waist circumference (WC) and neck circumference (NC). In conclusion, obesity and hypertension were associated with renal-cardiovascular disease risk, while oxidative stress showed a possible association with obesity in 6 to 9 year old South African children of African descent. This suggests that South African children of African descent may be becoming more prone to developing CVDs, and therefore may require early intervention for the prevention of CVDs in the near future.

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Gomwe, Howard, Eunice Seekoe, Daniel Ter Goon, Philemon Lyoka e Chioneso S. Marange. "The Prevalence of Underweight, Overweight and Obesity Among Primary School Learners in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa". Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 18, n. 7 (15 giugno 2019): 644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2019.644.649.

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Monakali, Sizeka, Daniel Ter Goon, Eunice Seekoe e Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi. "Prevalence and factors associated with abdominal obesity among primary health care professional nurses in Eastern Cape, South Africa". South African Family Practice 60, n. 5 (10 maggio 2018): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20786190.2018.1467181.

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Alabi, Adeyinka Abiodun, Oladele Vincent Adeniyi, Olukayode Ademola Adeleke, Pamela Pilla e Mohamed Rashid Haffajee. "Factors associated with failed spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean sections in Mthatha general hospital, Eastern Cape, South Africa". South African Family Practice 59, n. 4 (28 agosto 2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v59i4.4737.

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Background: The use of spinal anaesthesia has increased in the last three decades, given that it is the recommended anaesthetic of choice for better foetal and maternal outcomes in Caesarean section. Failed spinal anaesthesia (FSA) exposes patients to unfavourable experience of pain and the potential complications of general anaesthesia that are being avoided in the first instance. This study determines the incidence and the predictors of failed spinal anaesthesia in pregnant women presenting for Caesarean section at Mthatha General Hospital, Eastern Cape. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 197 pregnant women scheduled for Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia at Mthatha General Hospital from May 1 to August 30, 2013. A standard proforma was utilised for data collection on items of demographic, surgical and anaesthetic records of each parturient. The main outcome measure was the incidence of failed spinal anaesthesia (defined as partial or incomplete spinal block requiring conversion to general anaesthesia). Results: The incidence of failed spinal anaesthesia was 11.7%, which was slightly higher in emergency Caesarean sections. In univariate analysis, previous anaesthesia, obesity, dry tap of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), bloody CSF and duration of work experience less than one year were significantly associated with FSA in the cohort. Conclusion: The study found a high incidence of failed spinal anaesthesia during Caesarean section in this setting. Upskilling of doctors in spinal anaesthesia is urgently needed in the study setting. (Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp) S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2017.1292696

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Okeyo, Alice P., Eunice Seekoe, Anniza de Villiers, Mieke Faber, Johanna H. Nel e Nelia P. Steyn. "The Food and Nutrition Environment at Secondary Schools in the Eastern Cape, South Africa as Reported by Learners". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n. 11 (5 giugno 2020): 4038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114038.

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Overweight and obesity are growing concerns in adolescents, particularly in females in South Africa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the food and nutrition environment in terms of government policy programs, nutrition education provided, and foods sold at secondary schools in the Eastern Cape province. Sixteen schools and grade 8–12 learners (N = 1360) were randomly selected from three health districts comprising poor disadvantaged communities. Based on age and sex specific body mass index (BMI) cut-off values, 13.3% of males and 5.5% of females were underweight, while 9.9% of males and 36.1% of females were overweight or obese. The main food items purchased at school were unhealthy energy-dense items such as fried flour dough balls, chocolates, candies, and crisps/chips. Nutrition knowledge scores based on the South African food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) were poor for 52% to 23.4% learners in Grades 8 to 12, respectively. Female learners generally had significantly higher nutrition knowledge scores compared to their male counterparts (p = 0.016). Questions poorly answered by more than 60% of learners, included the number of fruit and vegetable portions required daily, food to eat when overweight, foods containing fiber, and importance of legumes. It was noted that the majority of teachers who taught nutrition had no formal nutrition training and their responses to knowledge questions were poor indicating that they were not familiar with the FBDGs, which are part of the curriculum. Nutrition assessment as part of the Integrated School Health Program was done on few learners. Overall however, despite some challenges the government national school meal program provided meals daily to 96% of learners. In general, the school food and nutrition environment was not conducive for promoting healthy eating.

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Matjuda, Edna N., Godwill A. Engwa, Samuel Nkeh Chungag Anye, Benedicta N. Nkeh-Chungag e Nandu Goswami. "Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Their Relationship with Vascular Dysfunction in South African Children of African Ancestry". Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, n. 2 (19 gennaio 2021): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020354.

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Vascular dysfunction is known to be an initiator of the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, there is paucity of information on the relationship of vascular dysfunction with cardiovascular risk factors in children of African ancestry. This study investigated the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and vascular function in South African children of African ancestry. A cross-sectional study on 6–9-year-old children in randomly selected rural and urban schools of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa was conducted. General anthropometric indices were measured, followed by blood pressure (BP) measurements. The pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured using a Vicorder. Albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), 8-hydroxy-2deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) were assayed in urine. Children from urban settings (10.8%) had a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity than their rural counterparts (8.5%) while the prevalence of elevated/high blood pressure was higher in rural (23.2%) than urban children (19.0%). Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increased with increasing PWV (p < 0.05). Body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) positively associated (p < 0.05) with PWV. Creatinine, albumin and ACR significantly (p < 0.005) increased with increasing ADMA. ADMA associated positively (p < 0.05) with creatinine and 8-OHdG. In conclusion, vascular dysfunction was associated with obesity, high blood pressure, oxidative stress and microalbuminuria in South African children of African ancestry.

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Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent, David Stead, Mandisa Singata-Madliki, Joanne Batting, Matthew Wright, Eloise Jelliman, Shareef Abrahams e Andrew Parrish. "Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine among the Healthcare Workers in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: A Cross Sectional Study". Vaccines 9, n. 6 (18 giugno 2021): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060666.

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Background: This study assesses the perceptions and acceptance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination. It also examines its influencing factors among the healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Methods: In this cross-sectional study performed in November and December 2020, a total of 1308 HCWs from two large academic hospitals participated in the Eastern Cape Healthcare Workers Acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 (ECHAS) study. Validated measures of vaccine hesitancy were explored using a questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of vaccine hesitancy. Results: The majority were nurses (45.2%), and at risk for unfavourable Covid-19 outcome, due to obesity (62.9%) and having direct contact with individuals confirmed to have Covid-19 (77.1%). The overall acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was 90.1%, which differed significantly by level of education. Individuals with lower educational attainment (primary and secondary education) and those with prior vaccine refusal were less likely to accept the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. However, positive perceptions about the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were independently associated with vaccine acceptance. Conclusions: The high level of acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is reassuring; however, HCWs with a lower level of education and those with prior vaccine refusal should be targeted for further engagements to address their concerns and fears.

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Okeyo, Alice P., Eunice Seekoe, Anniza de Villiers, Mieke Faber, Johanna H. Nel e Nelia P. Steyn. "Dietary Practices and Adolescent Obesity in Secondary School Learners at Disadvantaged Schools in South Africa: Urban–Rural and Gender Differences". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n. 16 (13 agosto 2020): 5864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165864.

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South Africa has a high prevalence of obesity in black female adolescents and a paucity of knowledge regarding contributing dietary practices. The aim of this study was to assess the dietary practices and weight status of male and female adolescents at secondary schools in the Eastern Cape province in urban and rural areas. Sixteen schools and grade 8–12 learners (N = 1360) were randomly selected from three health districts comprising poor disadvantaged communities. A short unquantified food frequency questionnaire was used to collect data on learners’ usual eating practices with regards to weekly meal pattern, breakfast consumption, foods taken to school, takeaways, and snacks eaten while watching television (TV). Body mass index measurements were determined for each learner. Prevalence of combined overweight and obesity differed significantly between genders, 9.9% in males versus 36.1% in females (p < 0.001). Significant gender differences were noted regarding eating practices. Females had a higher frequency of eating sugary snacks (p < 0.001) and a lower frequency of eating breakfast (p < 0.01) than males. Females ate significantly more fried fish (p < 0.05), pizza (p < 0.05) fat cakes (fried dough balls) (p < 0.05), hotdogs (p < 0.01), candy (p < 0.001), cake (p < 0.01), and crisps (p < 0.001). Compared to urban areas, the frequency of eating breakfast (p < 0.01) and sugary snacks (p < 0.05) was significantly higher in rural areas. Significantly more learners in urban areas consumed boerewors (beef sausage) rolls (p = 0.027), hamburgers (p = 0.004), and soft drinks (p = 0.019), while more learners in the rural areas consumed cordial (p = 0.001). In conclusion, a high prevalence of combined overweight and obesity was found in black female adolescents and a high prevalence of poor dietary practices was observed, with significant gender and urban–rural differences.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Obesity – South Africa – Eastern Cape"

Crymble, Tegan. "Cardiovascular disease risk in Black African females and the efficacy of a walking programme on blood pressure in a sub-sample". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013234.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile of black African females in the Makana region, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Baseline measures from 40 participants, who met the criteria, were compared against the 2003 South African Demographic and Health Survey (SADHS) and the 2013 South African National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (SANHANES-1). The risk factors measured were anthropometric (stature, body mass and body mass index (BMI)), morphological (waist circumference (WC), fat mass and lean mass), cardiovascular (heart rate and blood pressure (BP)), physical activity (step count and energy expenditure), biochemical (glycated haemoglobin and full blood lipid profile) and behavioural (alcohol and tobacco use). Results showed significantly higher (p≤0.05) values for overweight/obesity (BMI 37.60 kg.m⁻²; WC 1130.58 mm; fat mass 45.23%) and high BP (130/88 mmHg) compared to the previous national surveys, highlighting these CVD risk factors as problematic. The subsequent sub-study aimed to assess the efficacy of a pedometer-based walking intervention on high BP. The walking programme (n=25) was based on individual step goals to be completed at a moderate-intensity on five days.week⁻¹ for 12 weeks. The same measurements were taken at monthly intervals, Week 0, Week 4, Week 8 and Week 12, with the addition of dietary intake and fitness level, and the exclusion of the behavioural variables. There were no significant differences (p≤0.05) in systolic and diastolic BP with the exercise intervention, although there was a strong, negative relationship with time for diastolic BP (r²=0.9857). This trend suggests that the lack of significance may be a result of poor compliance and/or the small sample size. Individual results, however, showed no compliance-result relationship for the two risk factors of interest: overweight/obesity and high BP. Future recommendations include supervised or group-based exercise interventions to improve compliance, and the addition of resistance training to the aerobic programme.

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Bekker, Simon. "Diminishing returns : circulatory migration linking Cape Town to the Eastern Cape". UCT -- University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/73960.

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Ngwira, Callings Major. "Human trafficking in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/364.

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Human trafficking has been reported to be on the increase in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa with girls as young as ten years old being trafficked from and within the Province for sexual and labour purposes, and marriage. Human traffickers operate in rural areas, small towns and cities such as Port Elizabeth and East London. However, research on the role of the law enforcement authorities and the civil society organisations in the fight against trafficking in Eastern Cape Province is largely unknown. Situated within the Security Governance Theory, and using the intensive research design, this research reports on the role of the law enforcement authorities and the civil society organisations in the fight against human trafficking in Eastern Cape Province with emphasis on rural-urban differentiation. The challenges which law enforcement authorities and the civil society organisations faced are also discussed. The study, among other things, found that both the law enforcement sector and civil society organisations in the Province ensured that security, criminal justice, physical, emotional, psychological, health and spiritual needs of rescued victims of trafficking were met. The study further established that there was little progress in the fight against human trafficking, more especially in the rural areas of the Province, due to inadequate cooperation among anti-trafficking organisations and the lack of resources.

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Shingai, Kavhai Mitchell. "The impact of rural ICT projects in South Africa: a case study of Dwesa, Transkei, Eastern Cape, South Africa". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/317.

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This project aimed at assessing and evaluating the extent to which deployed ICTs in the rural area of Dwesa have impacted on the lives of the residents there. This occurred between February 2008 and December 2009. The ICTs are an initiative collaboration of University of Fort Hare and Rhodes University, sponsored by Telkom SA, the Government of Finland and other market players. This research started by reviewing the extent to which rural areas in general have lagged behind in terms of accessing ICTs, paying closer attention to governmental policies and initiatives towards rural development. The project then looked at the currently available ICTs in Dwesa and trying to measure the extent to which they have been useful or rather complicated the lives of the people there. Also important was a review of the efforts made by the technology innovators towards ensuring that relevant and appropriate technologies were made available to the rural people. The project also looked into issues of sustainability, maintenance and general running of the project to ensure its success. Important key findings on access, appropriateness of ICTs, use and knowledge about the ICTs, literacy levels, education standards and readiness of community to use ICTs were made during this research. Also included in the findings are issues on state of infrastructure, already present services, and current uses of ICTs as well as notable positive ICT impact in Dwesa. The most important findings of this research were to assist in providing a detailed prediction of future impact of various possible new technologies that can be introduced to Dwesa. This research also had to be able to bring out a monitoring and evaluation system that should measure the impact of the ICT interventions over the past 5 years. This project was initiated in 2005 and is identified by the name Siyakhula Living Lab. The concept of a living lab is a new term for providing ICTs in an area where their usefulness can be tested based on the natural environment in which they are being used.

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Avis, Anthony Mark. "Coastal dune ecology and management in the Eastern Cape". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003753.

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The importance of understanding the ecological functioning of coastal dune systems is emphasized as being fundamental to the correct management of the dune landscape. Dune vegetation along the Eastern Cape coastline, from Cape St Francis in the west to Kei Mouth in the east was described in terms of the distribution and phytochorological affinities of the taxa. At a regional scale species distribution was strongly influenced by both the climate, particularly rainfall, and the phytochorological affinities of the taxa. Seven communities were defined using TWINSPAN, and the interrelationships between these communities in anyone area appeared to be linked to a successional gradient. Dune Slacks are thought to play a key role in this successional sequence, and a temporal study of this community led to a conceptual model of plant succession in these dunefields. Climate, particularly rainfall and wind, are major factors influencing plant succession. Wind-borne sand causes the slacks to migrate in an easterly direction under the influence of the predominantly westerly winds, although easterly winds, mainly in summer months may reverse these trends. Autogenic changes appeared to be important in this succession, and a comparative study of a good example of a primary succession at Mtunzini in Natal was undertaken to elucidate the main mechanism of change. Eight communities that were identified here were concluded to be distnbuted along a gradient of increasing age, with successional changes predictable, linear and directional. Species were grouped in distinct zones along the continuum and edaphic changes (decrease in soil pH, increase in organic matter and exchangeable bases) were related to the community based changes in species composition. The mechanism of change supported the facilitation model of plant succession which is a modification of the original Clementsian concept. Similar results were found in the Eastern Cape, but due to the harsh environment, multiple pathways of succession exist. Data from this study lent support to the model of plant succession developed earlier, and confinned that the dune slacks played an important role in this facilitation by acting as centres of diversity. The foredunes were found to have an indirect role in protecting these slacks from salt spray and sand movement. The central theme of the management studies was to investigate the ecological consequences of recreational pressure within the dune environment. Current levels of beach utilization at East London were lower than other beaches in South Africa, but a general trend of increasing utilization due to sociopolitical changes can be expected. The suitability of questionnaire surveys to assess aspects such as the adequacy of facilities, perceptual carrying capacity and the beach users opinion of natural vegetation and preference for particular beaches was demonstrated. The dune vegetation was found to be sensitive to human trampling, but at current levels, the ecological carrying capacity will not be exceeded since results of the aerial census counts and questionnaire survey revealed that few people entered sensitive zones such as the coastal forest. More detailed long term studies on the susceptibility of dune vegetation to both trampling and off-road vehicle impacts revealed a low resilience of dune plant communities to these effects. Although susceptibility differed between the three communities tested, generally the greatest amount of damage occurred after the first few passages, and vehicles caused a more significant decrease in height when compared to trampling. Recovery rates were slow and low levels of repeated damage were sufficient to retard or prevent the recovery of the plants. Stricter control of vehicle use on beaches is therefore required, and in high use zones the ecological carrying capacity should be increased by providing access tracks if possible, or if not possible, by restricting access. A historical account of the process of dune stabilization showed that although first initiated in 1845, indigenous species were only used in the past three decades. The use of alien species has resulted in problems such as a reduction in the ecological integrity and aesthetic appeal of coastal systems. The techniques applied in the stabilization of drift sands with indigenous vegetation have been successful, as revealed by a quantitative survey of 17 sites in the Eastern Cape. Sites were grouped by multivariate analysis on the basis of their species composition, and variability between sites was dependent on the types of species planted. Selection of suitable species is therefore important and is discussed with respect to their natural distribution along the coast. The long term objective of stabilization should be the creation of functional, diverse, aesthetic ecosystems, since the intrinsic and economic value of the dune landscape for tourism lies therein. However, detailed studies should be undertaken prior to implementing a manipulative process such as dune stabilization, since ecological processes may be disrupted. An understanding of such processes is therefore important if one wishes to effectively manage the dune landscape.

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Lewis, Colin A. "Bells and bellfounders of the Eastern Cape, South Africa". The Ringing World, 1997. http://www.ringingworld.co.uk.

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[From Introduction] Although there is only one ring of bells in the whole of the Eastern Cape almost every church, and many chapels, have one or more bells. No systematic study of these bells had yet been made, but cursory examination suggests that many British founders exported bells to that area in the late 19th century and in the 20th century. American founders of steel bells also peddled their wares with considerable success. The Irish bell founder: Matthew O'Byrne sold at least five bells to clients in the Eastern Cape, the largest of which weighed 16 cwts. In the 1950s the Swiss founder, Ruetschi, of Aarau, cast at least four beautiful bells that are now in the Transkei.
Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa.

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Witte, Warren. "Abalone stock enhancement at Cape Recife, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/45695.

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The potential for restocking depleted natural reefs with hatchery abalone, Haliotis midae, to support a commercial ranching venture in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa was investigated. A baseline stock assessment and analysis of historical fishery data provided compelling evidence of significant declines in the abalone stock, attributed to uncontrolled illegal fishing over the last 20 years at the study site. A ranching pilot study was undertaken where small-scale replicated seeding experiments were set up which quantified the effect of seed size, density and habitat on survival and growth of hatchery-reared abalone. Thirty-six experimental plots were seeded with 8400 abalone spread evenly over two broad habitats. Mean retrievals of seeded abalone were 17% ranging from 4 - 42% after a minimum of eight months at large. Release density and large-scale habitat had no significant effect on seed survival, but smaller seed size (40.0 ±3.7mm shell length) achieved higher (F1, 22 = 4.64, p = 0.042) retrievals than larger seed size (53 ±3.7mm). Growth rates were an average of 30% higher in the shallow sites compared deeper sites (t1, 1091 = -2.79, p = 0.005). There was seasonal component in growth with a 0.55 ± 0.04 mm per month higher rate in summer than during winter (t1, 1091 = -12.45, p < 0.001). Abalone seed releases were also conducted on a larger scale, which focused on the economic potential for commercial-scale ranching. Over 160 sites were seeded with 1.4 million hatchery reared abalone or 30 metric tonnes. Seventeen sites underwent long-term monitoring of survival with repeated sampling events on sites over a period of up to 666 days. Nine of these sites were seeded with 140800 small abalone (29 – 40 mm), three sites with 25100 medium abalone (30 – 46 mm) and five sites with 14700 large abalone (60 – 84 mm). There was a significant difference in survival between the seed sizes (F4,6329 = 304.3, P < 0.001). The Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) calculation estimated the instantaneous apparent mortality rate for small, medium and large abalone at 1.19 yr-1 , -0.9 yr-1 and -0.67 yr-1 , which equated to a survival rate of 21%, 28% and 36% per year respectively. The weighted mortality rate calculated according to the seed size differential mortality and the number of seed released for those sizes was 1 yr-1 or 25% survival. In conjunction with a conservative somatic growth rate of 1.2mm.m-1 and plausible emigration rates, a range of biomass harvesting estimates were obtained. Movement and mortality were investigated using video analysis which showed that hatchery seed had the ability to move considerably once released onto natural reefs and confirmed that mortality immediately following releases was due to the heavy predation pressure as confirmed by shell collections. This project has demonstrated that potential exists for ranching in South Africa and highlights critical factors that need to be addressed if ranching is to be an economically viable operation.

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Mohlakoana, Keneuoe. "Antimicrobial activity of selected Eastern Cape medical plants". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1199.

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Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has been a great problem for many years. The degree of resistance and the speed with which resistance develops varies with different organisms and different drugs. Enzymes called β-lactamases are produced by bacteria and are one mechanism in which bacteria develop antimicrobial resistance. Gram-negative bacteria producing enzymes called ESBLs because of their wide substrate range are of a particular concern in nosocomial infections. In many countries people still use traditional medicine derived from plants as an alternative to the Western medicine due to increased cost of Western medicine and microbial resistance of antibiotic treatments. Biologically active compounds isolated from plants species are used in herbal medicine. Because of the high prevalence of the ESBLs and their increasing resistance to the antibiotics, this research study was done to test the antimicrobial activities of selected medicinal plants of the Eastern Cape; G. incanum, D. angustifolia and E. autumnalis which were traditionally used to treat various infections. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of three different extracts (acetone, methanol & distilled water) and the traditional preparations of the three plants were tested against the selected strains of ESBL-producing bacteria, non β-lactamase producers and the different fungal species. The extracts were screened against 26 Gram-positive bacterial strains, 53 Gram-negative bacterial strains and 15 fungal strains. The Gram-positive bacteria included strains from S. aureus, B. cereus and E. faecalis. The Gram-negative bacteria included strains from E. ii coli, E. cloacae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. The fungal strains included 9 strains of Candida albicans and a single strain of each of the following opportunistic fungi, Mucor sp, Geotrichium sp, Penicillium sp, Fusarium sp and Rhizopus sp. The agar dilution assay was used for the antimicrobial screening of the plants extracts and for the determination of the MICs. The Ames test was performed for the determination of probable carcinogenicity of the extracts of G. incanum and D. angustifolia. The distilled water extracts followed by acetone extracts of the plants revealed the highest antimicrobial activity against the different microbial strains. The extracts of G. incanum followed by the extracts of D. angustifolia inhibited the highest number of microbial strains. The extracts of E. autumnalis did not show any antimicrobial activity against all the pathogens in this study. More of the Gram-positive bacteria were inhibited by the plant extracts. The lowest MIC was obtained with Gram-positive bacteria. The bacterial strains of E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa were not inhibited by any of the plants extracts in the agar dilution assay yet Acinetobacter species which are MDR were inhibited by the distilled water and methanol extracts of G. incanum. A single strain of Mucor sp was the only spore forming fungi that was inhibited by the distilled water extracts of G. incanum. None of the plants extracts showed any mutagenic effects on the TA100 S. typhimurium strains incorporated on the Ames test. Apart from revealing of new antimicrobial agents that may be used against resistant organisms, the proper use of antimicrobial agents should be recommended. The study has highlighted a need for further investigations on the properties of the medicinal plants used in this study.

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Ncube, Lindani. "Evaluation of the effective micro-organisms (EM) on soil chemical properties and yield of selected vegetables in the Eastern Cape, South Africa". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/86.

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Effective microorganisms (EM), a commercial concoction of microbes that includes yeasts, fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes, have been found to be effective in enhancing crop growth by a number of scholars. It is registered in South Africa, but it had not been thoroughly investigated. The present study investigated the effects of EM on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), butternut (Curcurbita moschata) and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris), along with selected soil properties. In field-grown tomato it was observed that the application of EM caused a significant increase in the number of fruits at seven weeks after transplanting. However, plants treated with EM alone, or EM in combination with other amendments, subsequently produced lower yields owing to an outbreak of early and late blights which affected them the most severely. Combined applications of EM with organic amendments improved plant N content and increased soil N content above initial levels. The application of compost resulted in soil N and P concentrations higher than those of the control presumably due to nutrients being slowly released from the compost material. In a follow up greenhouse trial EM application had a negative effect on tomato leaf dry matter yield, number of leaves, number of trusses, fruit yield and number of fruits. The negative effects of EM were ascribed to N immobilization by the EM that could have resulted in reduced N availability to plants. The lower number of fruits associated with EM application resulted in improved average fruit weight of tomatoes grown in the greenhouse, possibly as a result of more assimilates being partitioned to the few fruits EM application also had a negative effect on field grown butternut as reflected by lower total yield, lower marketable yield and lower first grade yield. The results were attributed to immobilization of N induced by application of EM, and to the inability of EM to control pumpkin fly that attacked very young fruit, resulting in their failure to develop or resulting in the down grading of mature fruits. The application of EM alone had a positive but non significant effect on the yields of both the first and second harvests of Swiss chard. However, when applied with compost or goat manure, a non significant negative effect on yield was observed. When applied with inorganic fertilizer, EM had no effect on yield but tended to increase the uptake of nitrogen by Swiss chard. Though goat manure had a narrower C: N ratio than compost, it did not result in greater EM effectiveness as had been hoped. However, goat manure had a more positive effect on soil properties than compost. It increased the N, P, and K contents of the soil and resulted in a narrower C: N ratio of the soil compared to compost. Generally, the results of the four trials conducted with three different crops indicated that EM had inconsistent effects on crop performance.

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Mhlanga, Tatenda Shaleen. "An investigation into the relationship between certain personality traits and job satisfaction: a case of selected employees in the Eastern Cape Province". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007148.

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There is relatively little research based on the Big Five personality dimensions and job satisfaction and the relationship thereof. Job satisfaction of employees is a good indication of organizational effectiveness and is influenced by organizational and dispositional factors. The fundamental nature of the dispositional approach is that individuals have stable traits that significantly influence their affective and behavioral reactions to organizational settings. The general objective of this study was to determine the relationship between personality dimensions and job satisfaction of bank employees. A quantitative design was used in the empirical study. The sample consisted of 126 bank employees. The current research found that employees who are high in openness, conscientiousness and low in neuroticism tend to be more satisfied with their job. Agreeableness personality did not have a significant relationship with job satisfaction, while employees with high levels of extraversion had negative significant correlation with job satisfaction. However, overall personality dimensions explained relatively small percentages in the variance of job satisfaction. The findings will aid management institutions in selecting, and retaining employees as higher job satisfaction is linked to higher levels of productivity, effectiveness and commitment. Key words: extroversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, job satisfaction, bank employees.

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Libri sul tema "Obesity – South Africa – Eastern Cape"

Rural adaptations in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Roma: Institute of Southern African Studies, National University of Lesotho, 1997.

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Manona, C. W. Informal settlements in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Roma [Lesotho]: Institute of Southern African Studies, National University of Lesotho, 1996.

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Potgieter, Cheryl. Women, development & transport in rural Eastern Cape, South Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: HSRC press, 2006.

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Hajdu, Flora. Local worlds: Rural livelihood strategies in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Linköping: Linköping University, Dept. of Water and Environmental Studies, 2006.

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Newton-King, Susan. Masters and servants on the Cape Eastern frontier, 1760-1803. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

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Thornton, Alexander Counihan. Urban agriculture in South Africa: A study of the Eastern Cape Province. Lewiston, N.Y: Edwin Mellen Press, 2012.

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South Africa. Public Service Commission. Report on the evaluation of fleet management in the Eastern Cape. Pretoria: Public Service Commission, 2002.

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Randell, George Howe. Bench and bar of the Eastern Cape: A record of the judges of the Supreme Court of the Eastern Cape and some advocates of the Grahamstown Bar. [Grahamstown, South Africa]: Grocott & Sherry, 1985.

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Regional and local economic development in South Africa: The experience of the Eastern Cape. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 1999.

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Webster, L. Alphabetical guide to gravestones in the old Grahamstown Cemetery, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape. [Pretoria]: National Archives of South Africa, 1998.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Obesity – South Africa – Eastern Cape"

Webb, Arthur. "Early Capitalism in the Cape: The Eastern Province Bank, 1839–73". In Banking and Business in South Africa, 47–68. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09632-9_3.

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Kerley, Graham I. H., Michael H. Knight e Mauritz De Kock. "Desertification of Subtropical Thicket in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: Are there Alternatives?" In Desertification in Developed Countries, 211–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1635-7_15.

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Mokhahlane, Mafabia, e Ajuruchukwu Obi. "Institutional factors in natural resource management in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa". In Institutional constraints to small farmer development in Southern Africa, 231–69. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-704-2_10.

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Rungqu, Pamela, Opeoluwa O. Oyedeji e Adebola O. Oyedeji. "Chemical Composition of Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch. & C.A. Mey from Eastern Cape, South Africa". In Chemistry for a Clean and Healthy Planet, 111–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20283-5_7.

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Mlala, Sithenkosi, Opeoluwa Oyehan Oyedeji, Constance Rufaro Sewani-Rusike, Adebola Omowunmi Oyedeji e Benedicta Ngwenchi Nkeh-Chungag. "Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Tagetes minuta L. in Eastern Cape, South Africa". In Emerging Trends in Chemical Sciences, 23–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60408-4_3.

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Bordy, Emese M., e Miengah Abrahams. "Geochemistry of the Pronksberg Bentonite of the Upper Elliot Formation (Early Jurassic), Eastern Cape, South Africa". In Origin and Evolution of the Cape Mountains and Karoo Basin, 119–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40859-0_12.

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Fox, R. C., e K. M. Rowntree. "Redistribution, Restitution and Reform: Prospects for the Land in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa". In Land Degradation, 167–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2033-5_11.

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Musemwa, Lovemore, e Abyssinia Mushunje. "Marketing challenges and opportunities faced by the Nguni cattle project beneficiaries in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa". In Institutional constraints to small farmer development in Southern Africa, 121–35. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-704-2_6.

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Kakembo, Vincent. "The Loss of Agricultural and Ecological Resilience in Abandoned Lands of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa". In Climate Change Management, 307–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12974-3_14.

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Khoza, Samuel. "Difficulties in Teaching and Learning Sectional Drawing in a University Based in the Eastern Cape, South Africa". In Contemporary Issues in Technology Education, 89–103. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2819-9_7.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Obesity – South Africa – Eastern Cape"

Riddin, Megan Amy. "African horse sickness virus andCulicoidesin the Eastern Cape, South Africa". In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.106484.

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Goedhart, M. L., e P. W. K. Booth. "Early Holocene Extensional Tectonics in the South-Eastern Cape Fold Belt, South Africa". In 11th SAGA Biennial Technical Meeting and Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.241.goedhart_paper.

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Van Toorenenburg, K., M. W. Blakeley, C. R. Carvajal e J. F. Bijkerk. "Reconstruction of Sediment Routing into the South African Cape Basin for Reservoir Quality Predictions". In Fifth EAGE Eastern Africa Petroleum Geoscience Forum. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2021605057.

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Saunders, Shelley, e Bomikazi Zeka. "FACTORS INFLUENCING CUSTOMER LOYALTY TO FAMILY BUSINESSES IN THE EASTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA". In 24th International Academic Conference, Barcelona. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2016.024.080.

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Zeka, Bomikazi. "FACTORS INFLUENCING THE RETIREMENT SAVINGS OF INDIVIDUALS IN THE EASTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA". In 24th International Academic Conference, Barcelona. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2016.024.101.

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Zeka, Bomikazi, e Mtonhodzi Matchaba-Hove. "DETERMINING RETIREMENT INTENTIONS: A STUDY OF WORKING INDIVIDUALS IN THE EASTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA". In 24th International Academic Conference, Barcelona. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2016.024.100.

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Tshabeni, Thulisa, e Peter Freere. "Comparison of informal settlement electrification: A case study at seaview, eastern cape, South Africa". In 2017 IEEE AFRICON. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2017.8095589.

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Mandioma, Martin T., G. S. V. R. Krishna Rao, Alfredo Terzoli e Hippolyte Muyingi. "A Study on WiMax Implementation at Dwesa-Cwebe Rural Areas of Eastern Cape of South Africa". In TENCON 2006 - 2006 IEEE Region 10 Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tencon.2006.344085.

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Baiyegunhi, C., e C. Baiyegunhi. "Diagenesis of the Permian Ecca Group Sandstones and Mudstones in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa - Implications". In 79th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2017. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201701075.

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Gwate, O., Sukhmani K. Mantel, Anthony R. Palmer e Lesley A. Gibson. "Measuring evapotranspiration using an eddy covariance system over the Albany Thicket of the Eastern Cape, South Africa". In SPIE Remote Sensing, a cura di Christopher M. U. Neale e Antonino Maltese. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2245426.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Obesity – South Africa – Eastern Cape"

Reddy, Priscilla, Shegs James, H. Bilay-Boon, Eka Esu-Williams e Hena Khan. Pilot community-based intervention to address the needs of elderly caregivers in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Population Council, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv11.1024.

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