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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Obesity – South Africa – Eastern Cape"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 18 febbraio 2022

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1

Monakali, Sizeka, Daniel Ter Goon, Eunice Seekoe e Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi. "A Cross-Sectional Survey of the Prevalence and Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Primary Healthcare Professional Nurses In Eastern Cape, South Africa". Global Journal of Health Science 11, n. 4 (15 marzo 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n4p53.

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There is a paucity of data on the burden of obesity among primary Health care professional nurses in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This study examines the prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity among Primary Healthcare Professional nurses in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This workplace cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 Primary Health Care Professional nurses selected conveniently across 41 primary healthcare facilities in Eastern Cape, South Africa following a the WHO STEPwise approach and using the WHO STEPwise questionnaire for data collection. Data were expressed as mean, counts and proportions, as appropriate. We compared percentages using chi-square test. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted. Seventy six percent of the nurses were obese and 18% were overweight. Age, gender, marital status, duration of practice, alcohol use and smoking were significantly associated with obesity. Only age >30 years and not using alcohol were independent predictors of obesity, after adjusting for confounders. We found a high prevalence of obesity among primary healthcare professional nurses in this setting. This constitute future risk for an increased prevalence of chronic diseases among the healthcare workforce in this setting. There is a need for measures to promote healthy lifestyle behaviours and weight management among nurses in this setting.

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Monakali, Sizeka, Daniel Ter Goon, Eunice Seekoe e Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi. "Prevalence and factors associated with abdominal obesity among primary health care professional nurses in Eastern Cape, South Africa". South African Family Practice 60, n. 5 (23 ottobre 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v60i5.4920.

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Background: Nurses are key stakeholders in health promotion and obesity management, yet a high-risk group for obesity development. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of abdominal obesity among primary health care professional nurses (PHCPNs) in Eastern Cape, South Africa.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 203 PHCPNs conveniently selected across 41 primary health care facilities in Eastern Cape, South Africa. The WHO STEPwise questionnaire was used for data collection. Abdominal obesity was defined according to the WHO criteria as a waist circumference ≥ 94 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women or waist-to-hip ratio ≥ 0.90 in men and ≥ 0.85 in women; and a waist-to-height ratio of 0.50.Results: The prevalence of abdominal obesity ranged from 50%, to 87% to 90%, using waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio, respectively. Age, gender and duration of practice were significantly associated with abdominal obesity. After adjusting for potential confounders, only age 30 years (OR = 6.7; 95% CI = 2.4–18.7; p 0.001) and female sex (AOR = 7.9; 95% CI = 2.4–18.7; p 0.001) were independent predictors of obesity.Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of abdominal obesity among PHCPNs in Eastern Cape, South Africa, which was associated with female sex and ageing. This constitutes a potential risk for the healthcare workforce of the province and might be an impediment to adequate conveyance to patients of health education on healthy weight management by the affected nurses. There is an urgent need for appropriate workplace health policies targeted towards the promotion of physical activities, healthy lifestyle and ultimately weight reduction among this group.

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Matjuda, Edna N., Godwill A. Engwa, Prescilla B. Letswalo, Muhau M. Mungamba, Constance R. Sewani-Rusike e Benedicta N. Nkeh-Chungag. "Association of Hypertension and Obesity with Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in Children Aged 6–9 Years Old in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa". Children 7, n. 4 (28 marzo 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7040025.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are known to begin early in life, but limited data on the relationship of obesity and hypertension with other known CVD risk factors, such as endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and chronic low-grade inflammation is available on children. In this cross-sectional study involving 6–9 years old school children aged from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa the relationship between obesity/hypertension and other risk factors for CVDs was investigated. General anthropometric parameters were measured, followed by blood pressure (BP) measurements and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Urine samples were collected for the determination of albumin, creatinine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), 8-hydroxy-2deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS). Overweight/obesity (19.28%) and pre-hypertension/hypertension (42.16%) were prevalent in children. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), a marker of obesity, was positively correlated with ADMA, while ADMA and PWV were significantly different (p < 0.05) between hypertensive and normotensive children. Also, TBARS and 8-OHdG were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in hypertensive subjects. Creatinine was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in obese, as well as in hypertensive children, and positively associated with waist circumference (WC) and neck circumference (NC). In conclusion, obesity and hypertension were associated with renal-cardiovascular disease risk, while oxidative stress showed a possible association with obesity in 6 to 9 year old South African children of African descent. This suggests that South African children of African descent may be becoming more prone to developing CVDs, and therefore may require early intervention for the prevention of CVDs in the near future.

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Gomwe, Howard, Eunice Seekoe, Daniel Ter Goon, Philemon Lyoka e Chioneso S. Marange. "The Prevalence of Underweight, Overweight and Obesity Among Primary School Learners in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa". Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 18, n. 7 (15 giugno 2019): 644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2019.644.649.

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5

Monakali, Sizeka, Daniel Ter Goon, Eunice Seekoe e Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi. "Prevalence and factors associated with abdominal obesity among primary health care professional nurses in Eastern Cape, South Africa". South African Family Practice 60, n. 5 (10 maggio 2018): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20786190.2018.1467181.

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6

Alabi, Adeyinka Abiodun, Oladele Vincent Adeniyi, Olukayode Ademola Adeleke, Pamela Pilla e Mohamed Rashid Haffajee. "Factors associated with failed spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean sections in Mthatha general hospital, Eastern Cape, South Africa". South African Family Practice 59, n. 4 (28 agosto 2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v59i4.4737.

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Background: The use of spinal anaesthesia has increased in the last three decades, given that it is the recommended anaesthetic of choice for better foetal and maternal outcomes in Caesarean section. Failed spinal anaesthesia (FSA) exposes patients to unfavourable experience of pain and the potential complications of general anaesthesia that are being avoided in the first instance. This study determines the incidence and the predictors of failed spinal anaesthesia in pregnant women presenting for Caesarean section at Mthatha General Hospital, Eastern Cape. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 197 pregnant women scheduled for Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia at Mthatha General Hospital from May 1 to August 30, 2013. A standard proforma was utilised for data collection on items of demographic, surgical and anaesthetic records of each parturient. The main outcome measure was the incidence of failed spinal anaesthesia (defined as partial or incomplete spinal block requiring conversion to general anaesthesia). Results: The incidence of failed spinal anaesthesia was 11.7%, which was slightly higher in emergency Caesarean sections. In univariate analysis, previous anaesthesia, obesity, dry tap of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), bloody CSF and duration of work experience less than one year were significantly associated with FSA in the cohort. Conclusion: The study found a high incidence of failed spinal anaesthesia during Caesarean section in this setting. Upskilling of doctors in spinal anaesthesia is urgently needed in the study setting. (Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp) S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2017.1292696

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Okeyo, Alice P., Eunice Seekoe, Anniza de Villiers, Mieke Faber, Johanna H. Nel e Nelia P. Steyn. "The Food and Nutrition Environment at Secondary Schools in the Eastern Cape, South Africa as Reported by Learners". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n. 11 (5 giugno 2020): 4038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114038.

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Overweight and obesity are growing concerns in adolescents, particularly in females in South Africa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the food and nutrition environment in terms of government policy programs, nutrition education provided, and foods sold at secondary schools in the Eastern Cape province. Sixteen schools and grade 8–12 learners (N = 1360) were randomly selected from three health districts comprising poor disadvantaged communities. Based on age and sex specific body mass index (BMI) cut-off values, 13.3% of males and 5.5% of females were underweight, while 9.9% of males and 36.1% of females were overweight or obese. The main food items purchased at school were unhealthy energy-dense items such as fried flour dough balls, chocolates, candies, and crisps/chips. Nutrition knowledge scores based on the South African food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) were poor for 52% to 23.4% learners in Grades 8 to 12, respectively. Female learners generally had significantly higher nutrition knowledge scores compared to their male counterparts (p = 0.016). Questions poorly answered by more than 60% of learners, included the number of fruit and vegetable portions required daily, food to eat when overweight, foods containing fiber, and importance of legumes. It was noted that the majority of teachers who taught nutrition had no formal nutrition training and their responses to knowledge questions were poor indicating that they were not familiar with the FBDGs, which are part of the curriculum. Nutrition assessment as part of the Integrated School Health Program was done on few learners. Overall however, despite some challenges the government national school meal program provided meals daily to 96% of learners. In general, the school food and nutrition environment was not conducive for promoting healthy eating.

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Matjuda, Edna N., Godwill A. Engwa, Samuel Nkeh Chungag Anye, Benedicta N. Nkeh-Chungag e Nandu Goswami. "Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Their Relationship with Vascular Dysfunction in South African Children of African Ancestry". Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, n. 2 (19 gennaio 2021): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020354.

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Vascular dysfunction is known to be an initiator of the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, there is paucity of information on the relationship of vascular dysfunction with cardiovascular risk factors in children of African ancestry. This study investigated the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and vascular function in South African children of African ancestry. A cross-sectional study on 6–9-year-old children in randomly selected rural and urban schools of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa was conducted. General anthropometric indices were measured, followed by blood pressure (BP) measurements. The pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured using a Vicorder. Albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), 8-hydroxy-2deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) were assayed in urine. Children from urban settings (10.8%) had a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity than their rural counterparts (8.5%) while the prevalence of elevated/high blood pressure was higher in rural (23.2%) than urban children (19.0%). Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increased with increasing PWV (p < 0.05). Body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) positively associated (p < 0.05) with PWV. Creatinine, albumin and ACR significantly (p < 0.005) increased with increasing ADMA. ADMA associated positively (p < 0.05) with creatinine and 8-OHdG. In conclusion, vascular dysfunction was associated with obesity, high blood pressure, oxidative stress and microalbuminuria in South African children of African ancestry.

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Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent, David Stead, Mandisa Singata-Madliki, Joanne Batting, Matthew Wright, Eloise Jelliman, Shareef Abrahams e Andrew Parrish. "Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine among the Healthcare Workers in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: A Cross Sectional Study". Vaccines 9, n. 6 (18 giugno 2021): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060666.

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Background: This study assesses the perceptions and acceptance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination. It also examines its influencing factors among the healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Methods: In this cross-sectional study performed in November and December 2020, a total of 1308 HCWs from two large academic hospitals participated in the Eastern Cape Healthcare Workers Acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 (ECHAS) study. Validated measures of vaccine hesitancy were explored using a questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of vaccine hesitancy. Results: The majority were nurses (45.2%), and at risk for unfavourable Covid-19 outcome, due to obesity (62.9%) and having direct contact with individuals confirmed to have Covid-19 (77.1%). The overall acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was 90.1%, which differed significantly by level of education. Individuals with lower educational attainment (primary and secondary education) and those with prior vaccine refusal were less likely to accept the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. However, positive perceptions about the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were independently associated with vaccine acceptance. Conclusions: The high level of acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is reassuring; however, HCWs with a lower level of education and those with prior vaccine refusal should be targeted for further engagements to address their concerns and fears.

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Okeyo, Alice P., Eunice Seekoe, Anniza de Villiers, Mieke Faber, Johanna H. Nel e Nelia P. Steyn. "Dietary Practices and Adolescent Obesity in Secondary School Learners at Disadvantaged Schools in South Africa: Urban–Rural and Gender Differences". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n. 16 (13 agosto 2020): 5864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165864.

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South Africa has a high prevalence of obesity in black female adolescents and a paucity of knowledge regarding contributing dietary practices. The aim of this study was to assess the dietary practices and weight status of male and female adolescents at secondary schools in the Eastern Cape province in urban and rural areas. Sixteen schools and grade 8–12 learners (N = 1360) were randomly selected from three health districts comprising poor disadvantaged communities. A short unquantified food frequency questionnaire was used to collect data on learners’ usual eating practices with regards to weekly meal pattern, breakfast consumption, foods taken to school, takeaways, and snacks eaten while watching television (TV). Body mass index measurements were determined for each learner. Prevalence of combined overweight and obesity differed significantly between genders, 9.9% in males versus 36.1% in females (p < 0.001). Significant gender differences were noted regarding eating practices. Females had a higher frequency of eating sugary snacks (p < 0.001) and a lower frequency of eating breakfast (p < 0.01) than males. Females ate significantly more fried fish (p < 0.05), pizza (p < 0.05) fat cakes (fried dough balls) (p < 0.05), hotdogs (p < 0.01), candy (p < 0.001), cake (p < 0.01), and crisps (p < 0.001). Compared to urban areas, the frequency of eating breakfast (p < 0.01) and sugary snacks (p < 0.05) was significantly higher in rural areas. Significantly more learners in urban areas consumed boerewors (beef sausage) rolls (p = 0.027), hamburgers (p = 0.004), and soft drinks (p = 0.019), while more learners in the rural areas consumed cordial (p = 0.001). In conclusion, a high prevalence of combined overweight and obesity was found in black female adolescents and a high prevalence of poor dietary practices was observed, with significant gender and urban–rural differences.

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Nkeh-Chungag, Benedicta N., Nandu Goswami, Godwill A. Engwa, Constance R. Sewani-Rusike, Vuyolwethu Mbombela, Ingrid Webster, Patrick De Boever, Harald H. Kessler, Evelyn Stelzl e Hans Strijdom. "Relationship between Endothelial Function, Antiretroviral Treatment and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in HIV Patients of African Descent in South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study". Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, n. 3 (20 gennaio 2021): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10030392.

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Limited information on the effect of antiretroviral treatment (ART) on vascular function in South Africans of African descent living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is available. The relationship between ART, vascular function and cardiovascular risk factors in South Africans of African ancestry with HIV was therefore studied. This cross-sectional study recruited 146 HIV-positive individuals on ART (HIV+ART+), 163 HIV-positive individuals not on ART (HIV+ART−) and 171 individuals without HIV (HIV−) in Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) test was performed to assess endothelial function. Anthropometry and blood pressure parameters were measured. Lipid profile, glycaemic indices, serum creatinine as well as CD4 count and viral load were assayed in blood. Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) was determined as a marker of cardiovascular risk. Obesity and albuminuria were positively associated with HIV, and HIV+ART+ participants had significantly higher HDL cholesterol. Dyslipidaemia markers were significantly higher in hypertensive HIV+ART+ participants compared with the controls (HIV+ART− and HIV− participants). FMD was not different between HIV+ART+ participants and the controls. Moreover, HIV+ART+ participants with higher FMD showed lower total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol comparable to that of HIV− and HIV+ART− participants. A positive relationship between FMD and CD4 count was observed in HIV+ART+ participants. In conclusion, antiretroviral treatment was associated with cardiovascular risk factors, particularly dyslipidaemia, in hypertensive South Africans of African ancestry with HIV. Although, ART was not associated with endothelial dysfunction, flow-mediated dilatation was positively associated with CD4 count in HIV-positive participants on ART.

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Oldewage-Theron, Wilna, e Rozanne Kruger. "The association between diet quality and subclinical inflammation among children aged 6–18 years in the Eastern Cape, South Africa". Public Health Nutrition 20, n. 1 (2 agosto 2016): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016001956.

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AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the association between diet quality (food variety and dietary diversity), intakes of anti-inflammatory nutrients and food groups, and subclinical inflammation as assessed by categories of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingResource-poor, rural children in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.SubjectsA sample size formula determined a representative sample of 235. Five schools were purposively selected and cluster sampling used to select 240 participants. Measurements included 24 h recall and dietary diversity questionnaires, anthropometric and biochemical measurements.ResultsThe sample consisted of 50·4 % (n 118) girls and 49·6 % (n 116) boys. No obesity was found, but overweight was prevalent in 4·2 % of the children. The hs-CRP concentration (median (25th, 75th percentile)) of the low, medium and high risk inflammatory categories was 0·6 (0·4, 0·7), 1·6 (1·2, 2·2) and 4·2 (3·4, 6·4) mg/l, respectively. Body composition parameters did not differ between hs-CRP groups. Most of the anti-inflammatory nutrient intakes (dietary Fe, Zn, Mg, vitamin C, folate, linolenic acid, linoleic acid, MUFA and PUFA) differed significantly between the hs-CRP groups, with intakes increasing from low to high hs-CRP groups, with similar results for linolenic acid (P=0·022) intake. No significant relationships between hs-CRP and any of the food groups could be established, but significant relationships were established between hs-CRP levels and the high density of living arrangements and unhygienic ablution facilities.ConclusionsAlthough no link could be established between overnutrition and hs-CRP levels, an association was found between hs-CRP and dietary quality, as well as socio-economic status.

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Sartorius, Benn, Kurt Sartorius, Rosemary Green, Elizabeth Lutge, Pauline Scheelbeek, Frank Tanser, Alan D. Dangour e Rob Slotow. "Spatial-temporal trends and risk factors for undernutrition and obesity among children (<5 years) in South Africa, 2008–2017: findings from a nationally representative longitudinal panel survey". BMJ Open 10, n. 4 (aprile 2020): e034476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034476.

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ObjectivesTo assess space-time trends in malnutrition and associated risk factors among children (<5 years) in South Africa.DesignMultiround national panel survey using multistage random sampling.SettingNational, community based.ParticipantsCommunity-based sample of children and adults. Sample size: 3254 children in wave 1 (2008) to 4710 children in wave 5 (2017).Primary outcomesStunting, wasting/thinness and obesity among children (<5). Classification was based on anthropometric (height and weight) z-scores using WHO growth standards.ResultsBetween 2008 and 2017, a larger decline nationally in stunting among children (<5) was observed from 11.0% to 7.6% (p=0.007), compared with thinness/wasting (5.2% to 3.8%, p=0.131) and obesity (14.5% to 12.9%, p=0.312). A geographic nutritional gradient was observed with obesity more pronounced in the east of the country and thinness/wasting more pronounced in the west. Approximately 73% of districts had an estimated wasting prevalence below the 2025 target threshold of 5% in 2017 while 83% and 88% of districts achieved the necessary relative reduction in stunting and no increase in obesity respectively from 2012 to 2017 in line with 2025 targets. African ethnicity, male gender, low birth weight, lower socioeconomic and maternal/paternal education status and rural residence were significantly associated with stunting. Children in lower income and food-insecure households with young malnourished mothers were significantly more likely to be thin/wasted while African children, with higher birth weights, living in lower income households in KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape were significantly more likely to be obese.ConclusionsWhile improvements in stunting have been observed, thinness/wasting and obesity prevalence remain largely unchanged. The geographic and sociodemographic heterogeneity in childhood malnutrition has implications for equitable attainment of global nutritional targets for 2025, with many districts having dual epidemics of undernutrition and overnutrition. Effective subnational-level public health planning and tailored interventions are required to address this challenge.

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Letswalo, Boitumelo Prescilla, Karin Schmid-Zalaudek, Bianca Brix, Edna Ngoakoana Matjuda, Fabian Klosz, Natalie Obernhumer, Michael Gaisl et al. "Cardiometabolic risk factors and early indicators of vascular dysfunction: a cross-sectional cohort study in South African adolescents". BMJ Open 11, n. 3 (marzo 2021): e042955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042955.

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ObjectivesPrevalence of child and adolescents’ overweight and obesity in low- and middle-income countries has increased dramatically. Simultaneously, the incidence of pre-hypertension/hypertension is also increasing in children, which, in turn, predisposes these children to the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in later life. The present study assessed cardiometabolic risk factors and early indicators of vascular dysfunction in adolescents from a low socio-economic rural area in South Africa.DesignCross-sectional cohort study.SettingThe study was conducted in public schools in Mthatha, OR Tambo district municipality, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.ParticipantsA total of 244 adolescents (188 females) of African ancestry aged 13–16 years were enrolled.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAnthropometric and haemodynamic measures and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were related to overweight/obesity and hypertension. Blood markers of cardiometabolic syndrome were assessed as well as vascular function (via PWV).ResultsOne-third (33.0%) of the adolescents exceeded the age and sex-specific body mass index percentiles for overweight (≥85th) or obesity (>95th) with a prevalence of 61.1% pre-hypertensives in this group. Overweight/obesity and hypertension were associated with higher triglycerides (lean:overweight: 0.79<1.01 mmol/L; normotensive:hypertensive: 0.82<0.89 mmol/L). Fasting glucose was higher in hypertensive as compared to normotensive adolescents (4.85>4.69 mmol/L, p<0.05). PWV was elevated in 25.9% of the children and significantly correlated with asymmetric dimethylarginine and systolic blood pressure (p<0.001).ConclusionOverweight/obesity and hypertension show a high prevalence in rural South African youth. Almost half of the studied adolescents are at risk for developing CVD. The high association between cardiometabolic risk factors and PWV further suggests that hypertension in adolescents may promote the progression of CVD in adulthood. Early detection of those at risk and the implementation of preventive strategies in underprivileged young people is urgently needed to stop the progression of vascular damage and manifestation of CVD in rural African children.

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Shaw, Paul, e Colin A. Lewis. "The Geomorphology of the Eastern Cape, South Africa". Geographical Journal 163, n. 3 (novembre 1997): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3059727.

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Van der Horst, Bram, e Paul Hebinck. "‘Irrigation by night’ in the Eastern Cape, South Africa". Water SA 43, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v43i1.05.

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Heeren, G. A. "SHIGELLA OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION IN THE EASTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA". Epidemiology 9, Supplement (luglio 1998): S50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199807001-00116.

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Lemon, Anthony. "Redressing School Inequalities in the Eastern Cape, South Africa". Journal of Southern African Studies 30, n. 2 (giugno 2004): 269–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305707042000215392.

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Euvrard, George. "Career needs of Eastern Cape pupils in South Africa". British Journal of Guidance and Counselling 24, n. 1 (1 febbraio 1996): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03069889600760101.

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Euvrard, George. "Career needs of Eastern Cape pupils in South Africa". British Journal of Guidance & Counselling 24, n. 1 (febbraio 1996): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03069889608253712.

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Pfeiffer, Morgan B., Jan A. Venter e Colleen T. Downs. "Observations of microtrash ingestion in Cape Vultures in the Eastern Cape, South Africa". African Zoology 52, n. 1 (2 gennaio 2017): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2016.1270172.

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Berry, M. G., B. L. Robertson e E. E. Campbell. "Impacts of Informal Settlements on South-Eastern Cape Coastal Vegetation (South Africa)". Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 4, n. 5 (settembre 1994): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2997531.

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La Cock, G. D., e J. H. Briers. "Bark collecting at Tootabie Nature Reserve, eastern Cape, South Africa". South African Journal of Botany 58, n. 6 (dicembre 1992): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6299(16)30800-6.

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de Klerk, Vivian, e Barbara Bosch. "Naming Practices in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa". Names 44, n. 3 (settembre 1996): 167–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/nam.1996.44.3.167.

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Rice, Kathleen. "Understandingukuthwala: Bride abduction in the rural Eastern Cape, South Africa". African Studies 77, n. 3 (23 aprile 2018): 394–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00020184.2018.1464752.

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GOUGH, DAVID. "The English of white Eastern Cape farmers in South Africa". World Englishes 15, n. 3 (novembre 1996): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.1996.tb00113.x.

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Tusenius, M. L. "Charcoal Analytical Studies in the North-Eastern Cape, South Africa". Goodwin Series 6 (giugno 1989): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3858135.

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Cloete, E. C., e R. A. Lubke. "Flora of the Kap River Reserve, Eastern Cape, South Africa". Bothalia 29, n. 1 (30 settembre 1999): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v29i1.585.

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A detailed analysis ot the flora of the newly proclaimed Kap River Reserve (600 ha) is given. The reserve is adjacent to the Fish River and some 5 km from the Fish River Mouth It consists of a coastal plateau up to 100 m a.s.I. which is steeply dissected by the two rivers that partially form the boundary of the reserve. The flora of the reserve was sampled over a period o f three years and plants were collected in all the vegetation types of grassland, thicket and forest. 488 species were collected with a species to family ratio of 4:4. The majority of the taxa recorded represent the major phytochoria of the region. Nineteen species are endemic to the Eastern Cape, two are classed as vulnerable, five are rare, six are protected and a further seventeen are of uncertain status. The flora of the Kap River has closest affinities to that of the Alexandria Forest.

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29

Richings, G. "King's Shropshire Light Infantry Monument, Keiskammahoek, Eastern Cape, South Africa". Notes and Queries 60, n. 2 (16 aprile 2013): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjt089.

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30

Nel, E. L., e T. R. Hill. "Demographic trends in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa". Urban Forum 9, n. 1 (marzo 1998): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03033134.

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31

Boshoff, W. H. P., Z. A. Pretorius e B. D. van Niekerk. "Establishment, Distribution, and Pathogenicity of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in South Africa". Plant Disease 86, n. 5 (maggio 2002): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.5.485.

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Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks., has become an endemic disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in South Africa since it was first observed near Moorreesburg, Western Cape during August 1996. The main objectives of this study were to monitor the occurrence, spread, and the possible development of new variants of the stripe rust pathogen and the susceptibility of grass species to the pathogen. Results of surveys conducted during 1996 to 1999 revealed that rainfed wheat produced in the Western Cape, Eastern Cape, and the eastern Free State, as well as irrigated wheat produced in KwaZulu-Natal and the Free State, are most likely to be affected by stripe rust epidemics. Pathotype 6E16A- with virulence to Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr11, Yr14, Yr17, and Yr19 and pathotype 6E22A- with added virulence to Yr25 were detected. The occurrence of pathotype 6E22A- is currently restricted to KwaZulu-Natal and the Free State. Stripe rust isolates found on Hordeum murinum L. in the Western Cape were identified as pathotype 6E16A-, and both pathotypes 6E16A- and 6E22A- were collected from Bromus catharticus Vahl (= B. unioloides H.B.K.) in the eastern Free Sate. Urediospores from infections similar to stripe rust found on the grass species Dactylis glomerata L. (Eastern Cape), Poa pratensis L. (= P. bidentata Stapf; Western Cape), and P. annua and P. triviales L. (eastern Free State) failed to infect wheat cv. Morocco seedlings in the glasshouse. The possible role of grasses in the over-summering of the stripe rust pathogen has not yet been established. Stripe rust infections, however, have been found on summer-sown wheat in the south Western Cape during 1998, volunteer wheat growing in the summer and autumn months in the eastern Free State from 1998 to 2000, and on summer-sown wheat in Lesotho.

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32

LANSDOWN, RICHARD V., RENE GLEN e GUSTAVO HASSEMER. "Notes on the genus Callitriche (Plantaginaceae) in South Africa". Phytotaxa 317, n. 3 (18 agosto 2017): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.317.3.6.

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Historically there has been confusion over the status and identification of Callitriche species in South Africa. Review of herbarium specimens and fieldwork have enabled confirmation of the presence of C. deflexa as a naturalised species in this country and confirmed that C. compressa and specimens named as C. bolusii are conspecific. Field surveys showed that C. compressa still occurs in the areas from which most historic collections were made with no evidence of a decline, it is widespread but local in Kwa-Zulu Natal and Eastern Cape Provinces and extends into eastern Western Cape Province. However because it is known from only five widely scattered sites, it is classed as Vulnerable under the IUCN Red List. We also typify here the names C. compressa and C. deflexa.

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33

Siqwana-Ndulo, Nombulelo. "Rural African Family Structure in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa". Journal of Comparative Family Studies 29, n. 2 (agosto 1998): 407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.29.2.407.

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34

Reid, Derek A., e A. Jacot Guillarmod. "Marasmius titanosporus, a new species from the Eastern Cape, South Africa". Transactions of the British Mycological Society 91, n. 4 (dicembre 1988): 707–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-1536(88)80052-4.

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35

Brink, E., A. P. Dold e P. Goldblatt. "Drimia acarophylla (Hyacinthaceae), a new species from Eastern Cape, South Africa". South African Journal of Botany 69, n. 3 (ottobre 2003): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6299(15)30322-7.

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36

Mohuba, Seeke C., Tamiru A. Abiye, Molla B. Demlie e Moneri J. Modiba. "Hydrogeological Characterization of the Thyspunt Area, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa". Hydrology 7, n. 3 (31 luglio 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology7030049.

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This paper presents a comprehensive hydrogeological investigation that involves field work, aquifer test, hydrogeochemical analysis, environmental isotope analysis, and interpretations around a proposed nuclear power facility in South Africa. The study was undertaken to test the complementarity of the various methods in the coastal aquifer and to verify the hydrogeological conditions within and around the site. The study revealed the presence of two types of aquifers: an upper primary aquifer made up of the Cenozoic deposits of the Algoa Group, and a deeper fractured aquifer made of the Palaezoic Table Mountain Group (TMG) metasedimentary rocks. Owing to ductile deformation in the form of folding, the fractured quartzite and shale aquifers resulted in an artesian condition, often characterized by slightly acidic (pH ≤ 6) and iron-rich groundwater. The most important hydrogeochemical processes responsible for the observed changes in the hydrochemical composition and facies are mineral dissolution, ion exchange and mixing. The environmental isotope results suggest that all groundwater samples are characterized by a depleted δ18O and δ2H signal, indicating high latitude moisture source (southern polar region) and recharge from rainfall, with no or minimal evaporation before and during infiltration. Similarities in the stable isotope signatures between the deeper and shallow aquifer confirm the presence of a strong hydraulic link. The residence time of groundwater in the aquifers underlying the proposed nuclear power plant is estimated using tritium (3H) and 14C, and the results indicate that in the shallow aquifer it ranges from recent recharge to 50 years, and in the deeper aquifer, it ranges from 430 ± 5 years to 1000 ± 10 years, which exists in a quasi-pristine condition.

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37

Merkle, Tobias FC. "Vocalisations of the Southern Boubou in the Eastern Cape, South Africa". Ostrich 81, n. 1 (7 marzo 2010): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2010.455822.

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38

Kaposhi, B. M., N. Mqoqi e D. Schopflocher. "Evaluation of antiretroviral treatment programme monitoring in Eastern Cape, South Africa". Health Policy and Planning 30, n. 5 (17 giugno 2014): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czu028.

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39

Agholor, Isaac A. "Comparison of two Agricultural Irrigation Schemes in Eastern Cape, South Africa." Journal of Agricultural Extension 23, n. 1 (23 gennaio 2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v23i1.16.

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40

Dold, A. P., e M. L. Cocks. "Preliminary list of Xhosa plant names from Eastern Cape, South Africa". Bothalia 29, n. 2 (1 ottobre 1999): 267–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v29i2.601.

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Abstract (sommario):

1 990 Xhosa names for 1 065 taxa that have been identified in the Selmar Schonland Herbarium and have had names confirmed by more than one source, are listed alphabetically as a further addition to the knowledge of vernacular names of plants for Eastern Cape. Ecological terms are given at the end of the list.

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41

Luce, Cate, Rosie Soffair e Andy Parrish. "Improving intravenous fluid prescribing in the Eastern Cape in South Africa". BMJ Open Quality 8, n. 3 (agosto 2019): e000406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000406.

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Intravenous fluids are an essential component of patient care, but a 2013 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline noted that inappropriate prescribing or administration may lead to actual or potential patient harm in up to 20% of patients.1 This project aimed to improve prescribing documentation and communication between nurses and doctors regarding intravenous fluid management. This was done through the introduction of a fluid chart, in combination with teaching on appropriate fluid management. It was initiated within the medical department of Cecelia Makiwane Hospital in East London, South Africa. 309 patients were included and data were analysed over a 6-month period. The outcome measures were the standards of intravenous fluid prescribing set by the NICE guidelines. The process measure was the use of the new chart. Baseline data highlighted that there was no standardised location for fluid prescriptions within the bedside notes. Following the intervention, 81% of fluid prescriptions were on a fluid chart. The percentage of fluid scripts with a 24-hour fluid prescription, a recorded indication and recorded input increased after the intervention. Seventy six per cent of patients received more than 50% of the fluids prescribed following the intervention compared with 22% at baseline. These results indicated an increase in the doctor’s awareness of appropriate fluid prescribing and an improvement in the communication between doctors and nurses regarding the patient’s fluid management. The engagement of local stakeholders and staff was fundamental to the success of the project and allowed for this change in practice. Fluid management is a vital part of care in many specialties; therefore, a toolkit has been created to allow similar quality improvement projects to be implemented across other hospitals around the Eastern Cape.

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42

Brown, C. R., e D. M. Peinke. "Activity patterns of springhares from the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa". Journal of Zoology 272, n. 2 (giugno 2007): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00249.x.

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43

Meel, BL. "Trends of rape in the Mthatha area, Eastern Cape, South Africa". South African Family Practice 50, n. 1 (gennaio 2008): 69–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20786204.2008.10873675.

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44

Obiyo, Robert. "Oversight of the Executive in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa". Journal of Contemporary African Studies 31, n. 1 (gennaio 2013): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2012.758457.

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45

Zerihun, Mulatu Fekadu, Mammo Muchie e Zeleke Worku. "Determinants of agroforestry technology adoption in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa". Development Studies Research 1, n. 1 (gennaio 2014): 382–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2014.977454.

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46

Loeb, Mitchell, Arne H. Eide, Jennifer Jelsma, Mzolisi ka Toni e Soraya Maart. "Poverty and disability in Eastern and Western Cape Provinces, South Africa". Disability & Society 23, n. 4 (giugno 2008): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09687590802038803.

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47

BECKEDAHL, H. R., e A. B. DE VILLIERS. "ACCELERATED EROSION BY PIPING IN THE EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA". South African Geographical Journal 82, n. 3 (settembre 2000): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2000.9713709.

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48

Oelofse, Diana, e Ilse Truter. "Incidence of haematological malignancies, Eastern Cape Province; South Africa, 2004–2013". Cancer Epidemiology 53 (aprile 2018): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2018.01.016.

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49

Stephenson, Rob, Andy Beke e Delphin Tshibangu. "Contextual influences on contraceptive use in the Eastern Cape, South Africa". Health & Place 14, n. 4 (dicembre 2008): 841–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.01.005.

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50

Obaromi, Davies, James Ndege e Qin Yongsong. "Disease mapping of tuberculosis prevalence in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa". Journal of Public Health 27, n. 2 (12 giugno 2018): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-018-0931-7.

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