Tesi: "Oral and ritual expressions"

1

Antohin, A. E. S. "Expressions of sacred promise : ritual and devotion in Ethiopian Orthodox Praxis". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1436745/.

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This thesis investigates the notion of sacred promise, a grounded devotional category for Ethiopian Orthodox Christians. It is based on ethnographic research among urban parishes seeking to gather the often dispersed memberships of local Orthodox communities in Dessie, a city of a quarter million residents in north-central Ethiopia. The central thesis contends that the spaces and methods of engagement by Ethiopian Orthodox Christians are organized by the internal dynamics of archetypal promises. I consider the wide spectrum of social and ritual activities contained within the domain of “church” to be consistent with a developed socio-theological genre of “covenant”. Covenant is narratively defined as a dialogic of bestowal and responsibility and it is also expressed in performative, material, and associative dimensions. Starting from an investigation of the liturgical praxis of temesgen (the ethic of thanksgiving), each chapter explores variations of covenant: as unifying events of human/divine manifestation (e.g. feast days); as the honour of obligation within individual stances of paying respect on an interpersonal and meta-relational level, at church and during visits to mourning houses; and through customs of reciprocity by confraternities and the blessings such practices confer on the givers and receivers. Lastly, pilgrimage presents a context where personal commemorative events transform into “traditions” due to their ability to sustainably influence broader communal commitments. Analysed collectively, Ethiopian Orthodox Christians creatively distil a core monotheistic precept through their everyday devotional acts. Rather than interpreting covenant as exclusively an ethno-historical idea of “chosen peoples”, this research advances a meta-argument concerning the processual nature of creation within tradition. Presenting an original perspective on the rupture/continuity paradigm within the anthropology of Christianity, I trace how this doctrinal principle originated through an inventive merging of culture and ideology, demonstrated through the synthesis of Old and New Testament in ritual and allegory and by local conditions of religious heterogeneity within Ethiopia.

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2

Benqasim, Lhoussaine. "Les Ait Sidi Ali Amhawch : structures anthropologiques et construction du pouvoir au Maroc central (1715-1932)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025EHES0019.

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À travers une généalogie, réelle ou symbolique, les Ait Sidi Ali Amhawch, descendants de Dadda Ali Ohsain, s'inscrivent assurément dans le champ religieux au milieu rural du Moyen Atlas central. Ainsi, prédisposés à assumer des rôles politiques, les Imhiwach ont construit un pouvoir spirituel et temporel qu’ils ont exercé pendant deux siècles (1715-1932). Forts de leur capital religieux et social, les Imhiwach deviennent des leaders charismatiques, producteurs d'actions et de paroles légitimes. À partir d’une étude ethnographique des expressions culturelles, des traditions orales et rituelles, cette thèse se propose d'apporter un éclairage sur le parcours de la famille Amhawch, en révélant les mouvements qui ont traversé la société du Moyen Atlas et leurs impacts sur les structures anthropologiques, ainsi que sur les perceptions et attitudes des individus. Trois périodes historiques sont mises en avant dans cette étude : la période précoloniale, durant laquelle les Ait Sidi Ali Amhawch ont construit des alliances tribales et se sont opposés au Makhzen (pouvoir traditionnel) ; la période coloniale, au cours de laquelle ils ont mené une résistance armée, qualifiée de guerre sainte, contre l’armée française ; et enfin, la période postcoloniale, marquée par des transformations profondes des institutions sociales et culturelles. Bien que les pratiques rituelles et la tradition orale expriment indubitablement l’ancrage de l’histoire des Imhiwach dans la mémoire collective de la population du Moyen Atlas, cette étude cherche à élucider la dimension sociale, politique et religieuse de la sainteté des Imhiwach au Moyen Atlas central
Through their genealogy, whether real or symbolic, the Ait Sidi Ali Amhawch, descendants of Dadda Ali Ohsain, are certainly part of the religious field in the rural environment of the central Middle Atlas. Thus, predisposed to assume political roles, the Imhiwach built a spiritual and temporal power that they exercised for two centuries (1715-1932). Strengthened by their religious and social capital, the Imhiwach became charismatic leaders, producing legitimate actions and words. Based on an ethnographic study of cultural expressions, oral and ritual traditions, this thesis aims to shed light on the Amhawch family's journey, revealing the movements that have traversed Middle Atlas society and their impact on anthropological structures, as well as on individual perceptions and attitudes. Three historical periods are highlighted in this study: the pre-colonial period, during which the Ait Sidi Ali Amhawch built tribal alliances and opposed the Makhzen (traditional power); the colonial period, during which they led an armed resistance, described as a holy war, against the French army; and finally, the post-colonial period, marked by profound transformations in social and cultural institutions. Although ritual practices and oral tradition undoubtedly express the anchoring of the Imhiwach story in the collective memory of the Middle Atlas population, this study seeks to elucidate the social, political and religious dimension of Imhiwach’s sanctity in the central Middle Atlas

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3

Ting, Eewen. "A Dictionary of Unorthodox Oral Expressions for English Learners and Teachers". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4453.

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To learn a language successfully, one needs to incorporate terms which are used commonly by native speakers but cannot be found in dictionaries. Words like uh-huh, oops, ouch, and brrr, are some examples of these terms. These expressions, commonly categorized under such linguistic labels as interjections (Ameka, 1992), alternants (Poyatos, 2002), and response cries (Goffman,1981), are what Dr. Lynn Henrichsen (1993) and Rebecca Oyer (1999) termed Unorthodox Oral Expressions (UOEs). These utterances are considered unorthodox because many of them are not formal or standard English words. Because of that, “we do not consider them part of the productive system of English,” so English dictionaries and textbooks rarely include these words (Luthy, 1983, p.19). Also, they are used mostly in informal speech rather than in formal written English. Hence, non-native English learners usually don’t have the opportunity to learn these informal utterances in English classes (Chittaladakorn, 2011; Oyer, 1999).Though unorthodox, these expressions are important for English language learners (ELL) to learn so that they will be able to carry out more natural and native-like conversations and understand what these utterances mean when native speakers use them. Because UOEs are so under-taught and there are so few teaching UOEs, there is a great need for a UOE dictionary that includes not only pronunciation and meaning, but also the syntactic features and semantic and pragmatic functions of these expressions. This project includes the creation of an online UOE dictionary to fill that need in English language acquisition.

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4

Baldwin, Carol May. "The voice of emotion: Acoustic properties of six emotional expressions". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184337.

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Studies in the perceptual identification of emotional states suggested that listeners seemed to depend on a limited set of vocal cues to distinguish among emotions. Linguistics and speech science literatures have indicated that this small set of cues included intensity, fundamental frequency, and temporal properties such as speech rate and duration. Little research has been done, however, to validate these cues in the production of emotional speech, or to determine if specific dimensions of each cue are associated with the production of a particular emotion for a variety of speakers. This study addressed deficiencies in understanding of the acoustical properties of duration and intensity as components of emotional speech by means of speech science instrumentation. Acoustic data were conveyed in a brief sentence spoken by twelve English speaking adult male and female subjects, half with dramatic training, and half without such training. Simulated expressions included: happiness, surprise, sadness, fear, anger, and disgust. The study demonstrated that the acoustic property of mean intensity served as an important cue for a vocal taxonomy. Overall duration was rejected as an element for a general taxonomy due to interactions involving gender and role. Findings suggested a gender-related taxonomy, however, based on differences in the ways in which men and women use the duration cue in their emotional expressions. Results also indicated that speaker training may influence greater use of the duration cue in expressions of emotion, particularly for male actors. Discussion of these results provided linkages to (1) practical management of emotional interactions in clinical and interpersonal environments, (2) implications for differences in the ways in which males and females may be socialized to express emotions, and (3) guidelines for future perceptual studies of emotional sensitivity.

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5

Ballif, Kristin Leifson. "Oral Performances as Ritual: Animating the invisible in Mormon Women's Miscarriage Stories". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1998. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTAF,15532.

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6

Chittaladakorn, Khemlada. "Unorthodox Oral Expressions in English Dictionaries, Corpora, Textbooks, and English Language Instructional Materials". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2911.

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The aim of this project is to provide useful data from published dictionaries, corpora, and instructional materials, as well as sample lessons, to promote the teaching of Unorthodox Oral Expressions (UOEs) to learners of English as a second/foreign language. In the first chapter, the author reviews relevant literature, explains what UOEs are, and discusses the importance of incorporating UOEs in EFL or ESL classrooms. In the second chapter, a linguistic categorization of UOEs is given. In the third chapter, the results are given of an examination of 10 different dictionaries. The purpose of this examination was to find which of 56 target UOEs are included in each dictionary and what kind of definitions are given for them. The results show that many common UOEs are not included in most, or any, dictionaries. For the UOEs that are included in most dictionaries, the definitions do not always agree, and factors such as intonation are not taken into account. Moreover, the explanations on how the UOEs can be used are not complete. In the fourth chapter, three English language corpora are examined to discover which of the target 56 UOEs are the most frequently used. The results show some differences in UOE frequency between the corpora that include both spoken and written English text and the spoken English corpora. In the fifth chapter, the teaching of UOEs in ESL textbooks is analyzed. The results show that most of these books do not teach UOEs explicitly. In chapter six, experimental instructional units are provided. Results of piloting these lessons at Brigham Young University's English Language Center are discussed. In the last chapter, the author suggests possible future research involving UOEs.

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7

Ramos, José Lúcio Costa. "Ritual do cuidar de idosos com demência de Alzheimer: história oral de vida de cuidadores familiares". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10244.

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Este estudo tem como enfoque o ritual de cuidados realizado cotidianamente pelos cuidadores familiares junto aos idosos com diagnóstico de Demência de Alzheimer, buscando descrever, à luz da Teoria da Diversidade e da Universalidade do Cuidar Cultural de Madeleine Leininger, as ações e comportamentos de cuidar, bem como seus sentidos e repercussões na vida dos cuidadores. Como objetivo geral, este estudo busca: analisar o ritual do cuidar de idosos portadores de Demência de Alzheimer a partir da história oral de vida de cuidadores familiares; e como específicos: identificar o perfil do cuidador familiar do idoso com demência de Alzheimer; descrever os cuidados diários realizados pelo cuidador familiar no ritual do cuidar do idoso com demência de Alzheimer; e descrever as repercussões do ritual do cuidar do idoso com demência de Alzheimer na vida do cuidador familiar. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de natureza qualitativa, guiado pelo método da História Oral de Vida, tendo como colaboradores 20 cuidadores familiares de idosos com demência de Alzheimer, vinculadas ao Ambulatório de Demências do Centro de Referência Estadual de Atenção à Saúde do Idoso localizado em Salvador – BA. Para se obter as entrevistas foi utilizada a técnica da entrevista semi-estruturada e foram seguidas as recomendações éticas da Resolução nº 196/96 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. A sistematização e análise dos dados ocorreram a partir da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardim. Os resultados mostram que a maioria dos cuidadores é do sexo feminino, são casadas, têm média de idade de 53,3 anos, são filhas dos idosos e concluíram o ensino médio. Já as famílias têm entre 2 e 6 membros, o que pode dificultar a alternância de cuidadores entre seus membros. O tempo de cuidado diário ao idoso é em torno de 24 horas, denotando a necessidade constante de cuidados pelos idosos e o desgaste de se cuidar em tempo integral. Já os idosos vinculados aos cuidadores familiares deste estudo são, em sua maioria, do sexo feminino, têm diagnóstico provável de demência de Alzheimer há 4,8 anos, em média, e vivem sob a assistência do cuidador há aproximadamente 4,65 anos. Das entrevistas, emergiram 5 categorias: o (des)conhecimento sobre a demência de Alzheimer: sobram dúvidas, faltam informações; o despertar da família para a demência de Alzheimer: dos primeiros indícios aos primeiros suplícios; o diagnóstico de demência de Alzheimer e a busca pelo apoio; o ritual do cuidar de idosos com demência de Alzheimer: vivências de cuidado baseadas na cultura familiar, apoiada em duas subcategorias: do nascer ao por do sol: o ritual do cuidar durante o dia e do por do sol ao amanhecer: o ritual do cuidar durante a noite e a última categoria: o significado do cuidado prestado diariamente ao idoso com demência de Alzheimer. Percebeu-se o ritual do cuidar de idosos com demência de Alzheimer executado pelos familiares como um constructo baseado em diferentes culturas. Os cuidados são frutos das culturas e, portanto, para que a Enfermagem promova orientações e ações mais resolutivas junto aos cuidadores, é preciso ter um contato prévio e uma compreensão dos diversos aspectos culturais que permeiam o cotidiano destes sujeitos. Os achados deste estudo vêm reforçar a necessidade de se intensificar o cuidado aos cuidadores de idosos com demência de Alzheimer, tanto por parte das equipes de saúde que lidam constantemente com estes sujeitos, quanto com os gestores de saúde, a partir da elaboração e implementação de políticas públicas que deem suporte a estas famílias.
Salvador

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8

Ribeiro, Suzana Lopes Salgado. "Tramas e tramas: identidades em marcha". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-01112007-143040/.

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Este trabalho propõe um estudo sobre o processo de construção de identidades, no MST. A pesquisa de campo acompanhou o dia-a-dia da Marcha à Brasília, realizada em 2005. O texto é composto por uma apresentação de oito narrativas, seguidas de uma descrição do trabalho de campo. Na segunda parte, apresenta-se uma explicação teórica e metodológica conceitos como, experiência, memória, narrativa e identidade, sempre tentando explicar como esses conceitos são relacionados com o fazer da história oral. No interior das discussões surgem os embates em torno da construção das identidades dos membros do Movimento e a visão identitária gestada por suas lideranças.
The purpose of this research is to look at the process of construction of identities inside the biggest social movement in the contemporary Brazilian society: the MST. The field work accompanied the day-by-day live of the March to Brasília (Brazil\'s capital), that happened in 2005. The theses text is composed by a presentation of eight live stories, followed by a description of the field word. The second part presents theorical and methodological approach on questions as: experience, memory, narrative and identity, always trying to explain how these procedures are related with the labor in oral history. In the core of the narrative\'s interpretation is raised a debate involving the identities construction of Movement\'s members and the identity created by its leaderships.

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9

Lane, Renee. "A Comparison of Oral & Written Verbal Expressions of Creative Thinking Using the Prose Quantification System". TopSCHOLAR®, 1986. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2531.

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The purpose of this study was to compare oral and written expressions of creative thinking which took the form of prose, e.g. stories. The Prose Quantification System (PQS) was the instrument of comparison. The PQS is an instrument developed to predict teachers' ratings of the creative quality of written prose. The study investigated the following: (a) interjudge agreement and intrajudge stability for oral and written stories, (b) Teacher Ratings of Story Creativity (TRSC) of oral and written stories, (c) alternate mode (i.e., oral vs. written) equivalence and (d) criterion validity of the PQS. PQS story-starters (unfinished opening lines to a story) were administered to 87 fifth-grade students enrolled in four classes in two schools located in Nashville, Tennessee. Each student received two story-starters about the same content or object (i.e., box) but in different contexts (usual vs. unusual settings). Students were asked to complete one story orally and the other in written form. Thus, a total of 174 stories were collected. The stories were then (a) blindly rated by eight teachers according to the creativity level of the stories using a seven point Likert Scale and (b) scored by five judges who were selftrained in the use of the PQS using the PQS Scoring Manual (Redfield and Martray, 1984b). Interrater agreement and intrajudge stability were comouted using an average correlation coefficient and percent agreement, respectively. Both interrater agreement and intrajudge stability were computed separately for the oral and written language samples. Results indicated that the PQS for oral and written language samples, used by judges self-trained with the Scoring Manual, is reliable across judges and over specified periods of time. Eight 2 x 2 x 2 ANOVAs were used to determine whether PQS judges and teachers allowed storv-starter context (usual vs. unusual setting), order of requested response (oral first vs. written first) and mode (oral vs. written) to influence their scores and ratings. Results indicated a main effect for mode for TRSC and the following PQS scores: elaboration, originality, organization, and total score. TRSC of written stories were significantly higher than TRSC of oral stories; PQS elaboration, organization and total scores of oral stories were significantly higher than PQS elaboration, organization and total scores of written stories; PQS originality scores for written stories were significantly higher than PQS originality scores for oral stories. ANOVAs indicated the following significant interaction effects: (a) PQS ideational fluency scores of written stories in a usual setting were significantly higher than PQS ideational fluency scores for oral stories in an unusual setting; (b) PQS associational fluency scores for written stories in an unusual setting were significantly higher than PQS associational fluency scores for oral stories in a usual or unusual setting and for written stories in a usual setting; and (c) PQS originality scores were significantly higher for written stories in either a usual or unusual setting than PQS originality scores for oral stories in a usual setting. Therefore, the PQS judges viewed the oral stories to be more creative overall than the written stories while the teachers viewed the written stories to be more creative overall than the oral stories. Multiple regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship (a) between the PQS (subscale and total scores) and TRSC of oral stories and (b) between the PQS (subscale and total scores) and TRSC of written stories. These stepwise multiple regression ?rocedures indicated that PQS total scores of oral stories are the best predictors of oral TRSC and PQS total scores of written stories are the best predictors of written TRSC. Therefore, the PQS is an accurate predictor of TRSC of oral and written stories. Results of this study indicated that (a) the PQS is a reliable instrument when used as a measure of the creative quality of oral and/or written language samples by judges self-trained with the PQS Scoring Manual, (b) oral and written expressions of creative thinking differ, and (c) the PQS is an accurate predictor of TRSC of oral and/or written stories. It is suggested that future research include (a) reexamination of alternate mode equivalence of the PQS and (b) investigation of the reliability of TPSC.

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10

Martinet, Lily. "Les expressions culturelles traditionnelles en droit international". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D018.

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Au début du XXIe siècle, l'usage de la locution «expression culturelle traditionnelle» s'est répandu à travers plusieurs forums internationaux. Bien que les expressions culturelles traditionnelles n'aient jamais été définies en droit international, deux instruments issus du système des Nations Unies, la Convention sur la protection et la promotion de la diversité des expressions culturelles et la Déclaration des Nations Unies sur les droits des peuples autochtones, les citent expressément. Cette thèse présente, en premier lieu, l'apparition et l'évolution en droit international de cette nouvelle notion. Elle propose ensuite de dégager les caractères des expressions culturelles traditionnelles pour comprendre ce qu'elles recouvrent. Cette étape permet de distinguer les expressions culturelles traditionnelles de notions voisines, comme celle de «savoirs traditionnels» ou encore comme celle de «patrimoine culturel immatériel», ce qui aboutit à s'interroger sur les enjeux juridiques qui leur sont liés et à aborder les questions soulevées par leur sauvegarde. Parmi ces questions, la plus prééminente consiste à s'interroger sur la forme juridique que devrait prendre le lien entre une expression culturelle traditionnelle et la communauté qui l'a créée et préservée. Dans cette perspective, deux approches émergent. La première considère les expressions culturelles traditionnelles comme un facteur de développement économique, tandis que la deuxième les envisage comme un outil de préservation des identités culturelles. La confrontation de ces deux approches montre le rôle relativement limitée des expressions culturelles traditionnelles en matière de développement économique
At the beginning of the 21st century, the use of the term "traditional cultural expression" spread among several international forums. Although they have never been legally defined, traditional cultural expressions are mentioned by two instruments originating within the United Nations system: the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005) and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007). This thesis presents how this notion emerged and evolved in international law. It also identifies the characteristics of this new legal concept to understand its meaning. This step allows to differentiate traditional cultural expressions from neighboring notions, such as "traditional knowledge" and "intangible cultural heritage." This leads to the study of legal issues relating to traditional cultural expressions and their safeguarding. Among these issues, the most paramount question is to ascertain the legal form that should be given to the link that binds a traditional cultural expression to the community that created and preserved it. In this view, two approaches appear. The first one considers traditional cultural expressions as a factor of economic development, whereas the second one contemplates them as a tool for the preservation of cultural identities. Confrontation of these two approaches demonstrate the limited role of traditional cultural expressions in the field of economic development

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Carlos, Ríos Eugenia. "la circulacion entre mundos en la tradicion oral y ritual y las categorias del pensamiento quechua: en hanansaya ccullana ch’isikata (Cusco, Peru)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/323103.

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Esta tesis se ubica en el campo de la antropología auto-etnográfica. En ella se estudian las posibilidades que ofrece la lengua quechua para realizar la auto-etnografía sin tener que limitarse al problema de la objetivación y la subjetivación. Provengo de la comunidad de Ch’isikata, ubicada en la puna peruana de la región del pueblo Yauri Espinar (departamento del Cuzco, Perú). Mi familia me formó e instituyó como cuenta cuentos, siguiendo los pasos maternos, y también como tejedora, al igual que todas las niñas de mi generación en Ch’isikata. Recogiendo tales enseñanzas, esta tesis se concibe como un tejido que al tejer narra y analiza el universo narrativo y ritual de la comunidad de Ch’isikata contado desde mi propia experiencia, desde mi memoria de cuenta cuentos, desde mis procedimientos de pensamiento y desde la información recogida en entrevistas a los miembros de mi familia ampliada y, más extensamente, de otras personas comuneras de Ch’isiskata. El trabajo comienza por un recorrido del mapa mito-topológico dibujado por mi madre. Ese mapa es un relevamiento de los lugares del paisaje donde se ubican-tian las wak’as, los seres supranaturales-no humanos. Esos lugares-narraciones constituyen el ámbito de la comunidad. Son lugares de narraciones (mitos-cuentos y narraciones conversacionales) sobre las wak’as situadas en algunos rasgos del paisaje. Se estudian esas narraciones centrándose en las wak’as como entidades dotadas de cualidades que producen efectos como hap’iqi, llaksay, samay, larphay. Esas cualidades-condiciones de las wak’as serían algo así como categorías de pensamiento por medio de las cuales los ch’ísikatas perciben y piensan su mundo físico, y dan significados a los sucesos de su vida diaria. Esas categorías organizan los cuentosmitos y las narraciones conversacionales (o historias-vivencias) que cuentan los ch’isikatas y dan sentido a los rituales y a la vida cotidiana La tesis relata y estudia las narraciones y a través de ellas, analiza las lógicas de pensamiento chisikateñas tomando como ámbito comparativo el universo andino. Un tercer tema que se enfoca es el de la transmutación de entidades. Las narraciones relatan las relaciones entre los runa-gente y los seres no-humanos, las wak’as. En muchos cuentos los no-humanos se transmutan en humanos-runa, los seducen, engañan y fecundan. A la vez, los runa-gente en ciertas circunstancias devienen entidades vegetales, animales, minerales o supra humanos-no humanos. El trabajo estudia las franjas de indefinición que hacen posible ese intercambio entre seres de diversas condiciones-kay. Por último, y a modo de conclusión, se observa que la lengua quechua abre las posibilidades de concebir las transmutaciones por sus características estructurales que impiden designar entidades como esenciales y establecer clasificaciones inmutables
This thesis pertains to the field of auto-ethnolographical anthropology. It studies the possibilities offered by the Quechua language to carry out auto-ethnography without being limited to the problems of objectivation and subjectivation. I am from the Ch’isikata community which is located in the Peruvian Puna of the Yauri Espinar village region (department of Cuzco, Peru). My family trained and established me as a story-teller, following in my mother’s footsteps, and also as a weaver, like all the other girls of my generation in Ch’isikata. Taking up the education I received, this thesis is conceived of as a fabric which as it is woven narrates and analyses the narrative and ritual universe of the Ch’isikata community told from my own experience, from my story-telling memory, from my own thought processes and from information collected in interviews with members of my extended family and, more extensively, other people from Ch’isiskata. The work begins with a tour of the mythological-topological map drawn up by my mother. This map represents all the places in the lands where the wak’as can be found –those supranatural non-humans. These places-narrations constitute the atmosphere of the community. They are places of narrations (mythsstories and conversational narrations) about the wak’as situated in some of the characteristic places of the landscape. These narrations are studied centred on the wak’as as entities with the gift for producing effects such as hap’iqi, llaksay, samay, larphay. These qualities-conditions of the wak’as are something like thought categories through which the ch’isikatas perceive and think about their physical world and give meaning to the events in their daily life. The categories organise the stories-myths and conversational narrations (or experiences) as told by the ch’isikatas and give meaning to the rituals and to daily life. A third theme focuses on the transmutation of entities. The narrations tell of the relationship between the runa-people and the non-human beings. In many of the stories the non-humans become runa-humans, seducing, tricking and impregnating them. At the same time, under certain circumstances the runa-people become animal, vegetable or mineral entities or suprahuman-non-humans. This work studies the bands of identification that make this exchange between beings of different conditions-kay possible. Finally, and by way of conclusion, it is observed that the Quechua language opens up new possibilities for conceiving the transmutations from their structural characteristics which impede the designation of entities as essential and establish immutable classifications.

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Oliveira, Santos Diana. "Learning Fixed Expressions in English through watching Sitcoms : the role of Intentionality". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSHS/2024/2024ULILH025.pdf.

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Notre thèse étudie le rôle de l'intention dans l'apprentissage d'expressions figées en anglais lors du visionnage de sitcoms. L'un des principaux sujets d'intérêt de cette thèse est la gamme apparemment illimitée d'activités qu'offre le Web 2.0. Les internautes peuvent l'exploiter à des fins de divertissement, d'information, de communication, de socialisation, de formation et, ce qui nous intéresse le plus dans cette thèse, l'apprentissage des langues. Pour répondre à notre question de recherche « Dans quelle mesure différents niveaux d'intention peuvent influencer l'apprentissage d'expressions fixes en regardant des sitcoms en anglais ? », nous avons mené une étude en trois phases selon cinq objectifs La première phase consistait en un questionnaire visant (1) à comprendre le contexte actuel d'exposition et d'utilisation de l'anglais des étudiants universitaires en dehors des cours et (2) à explorer les intentions possibles guidant le visionnage des sitcoms. Dans la deuxième phase nous avons mené une quasi-expérience (3) pour mesurer l'impact de l'intention sur l'apprentissage d'expressions figées en regardant des sitcoms et (4) pour une meilleure compréhension de l'attention portée sur les images et le sous-titres. Enfin, la troisième phase a été conçue (5) pour étudier le rôle de l'intervention de l'enseignant dans la promotion de la conscience métacognitive. Nous avons constaté qu'un nombre considérable d'étudiants reçoivent une quantité importante d'informations en anglais, le visionnage de séries étant leur activité audiovisuelle préférée. Les résultats ont également indiqué que le plaisir apporté par les sitcoms est une raison sous-jacente du visionnage de séries, ainsi que l'intention d'apprendre la langue. En regardant Friends, How I Met Your Mother, The Big Bang Theory et Brooklyn 99, chaque participant a appris au moins une des six expressions fixes (Way to go, Hang in there, You're on, Get over it, Knock it off et Good grief). De plus, les indices non verbaux contenus dans les expressions faciales ont aidé les participants à apprendre certaines expressions, tandis que la lecture des sous-titres semble avoir aidé d'acquisition d'autres. Enfin, les résultats montrent une différence considérable de gains entre simplement demander aux participants de prêter attention à la langue et les aider à diriger leur attention vers le vocabulaire, via des stratégies d'apprentissage. Cela indique que des différents degrés d'intention peuvent modifier les résultats d'apprentissage
Our thesis investigates the role of intention in learning fixed expressions in English through watching Sitcoms. One of the main topics of interest in this thesis is the seemingly unlimited range of activities web 2.0 offers. Internet users can exploit it for entertainment, information, communication, socializing, training and, what interests us the most in this thesis, language learning. To answer our research question “To which extent different levels of intention can impact the learning of fixed expressions while watching Sitcoms in English?”, we carried out a three-phase study with five objectives in mind. The first phase consisted of a questionnaire aiming (1) to understand the current context of exposure and use of English of French university students outside of class and (2) to explore the possible intentions guiding sitcom viewing. In the second phase we conducted a quasi-experiment (3) to measure the impact of intention on learning fixed expressions while watching sitcoms and (4) to a better understanding of learners' gaze while watching sitcoms to analyze the learning of fixed expressions. Finally, the third phase was designed (5) to investigate the role of teacher intervention in promoting metacognitive awareness. We found that a considerable number of students receive a substantial amount of input in English, in which series viewing is the favorite audiovisual activity they undertake. Results also indicated that the enjoyment sitcoms bring is an underlying reason for series watching, together with the intention to learn the language. By watching Friends, How I Met Your Mother, The Big Bang Theory and Brooklyn 99, every participant learned at least one of the six fixed expressions (Way to go, Hang in there, You're on, Knock it off, Get over it and Good grief). Furthermore, nonverbal clues in the expressive facial expressions helped participants learn some of the expressions, while reading captions seemed to have helped other target items. Finally, results show a considerable difference in gains between just asking participants to pay attention to the language and helping them direct attention to it, through strategy training. This indicates that different degrees of intention can change learning outcomes

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13

Rodrigues, Inaiara Bartol. "Estudo das relações entre desenvolvimento da noção temporal e expressões linguísticas de tempo : a narrativa oral como proposta de intervenção em uma abordagem piagetiana /". Marília : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102240.

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Orientador: Adrián Oscar Dongo Montoya
Banca: Carmen Campoy Scriptori
Banca: Maria Suzana de Stefano Menin
Banca: Maria Thereza Coelho Costa de Souza
Banca: Stela Miller
Resumo: A noção de tempo é considerada um conteúdo bastante complexo e que apresenta dificuldade de ser apreendido. Da mesma forma, as expressões lingüísticas de tempo apresentam sérias dificuldades em relação ao seu emprego na língua. A questão epistemológica que se coloca é se a aprendizagem desses conteúdos dependem da linguagem verbal. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi analisar as relações entre o desenvolvimento da noção temporal e as manifestações lingüísticas de tempo e verificar se a estimulação da narrativa oral, conceituada como uma estrutura discursiva disponível na língua que se caracteriza por predicados de ação, favorece essa assimilação. A pesquisa teórica visou compreender como ocorre o desenvolvimento da noção temporal segundo a teoria piagetiana e como se manifesta lingüisticamente a expressão de tempo no português do Brasil. A pesquisa empírica foi realizada com um grupo de cinco crianças de 8 e 9 anos da rede estadual de ensino e constou de três procedimentos, sendo que os procedimentos 1 e 3 foram realizados individualmente com cada criança e o procedimento 2 foi realizado em grupo: (1) avaliação da noção temporal e gravação das narrativas orais expressas por meio de solicitação feita pelo pesquisador às crianças; (2) realização de uma proposta de intervenção em grupo com um total de 56 encontros em um período de nove meses, na qual utilizava a narrativa oral como recurso metodológico para a tomada de consciência da noção de tempo e das manifestações de expressões lingüísticas de tempo; (3) aplicação do procedimento 1 após a intervenção. A análise dos dados coletados identificou que as cinco crianças desenvolveram a noção temporal no decorrer da proposta de intervenção e que também passaram a empregar as expressões lingüísticas de tempo em maior quantidade...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The temporal concept is a content difficult to be learned. Linguistic expressions of time also present serious difficulties regarding their use. The epistemological issue which arises is whether learning these contents depend on verbal language. The purpose of this work is to analyse the relationships between the temporal concept and the time linguistic manifestations and investigate whether stimulation of oral narrative that is characterised by action predicates, acts in favour of such an assimilation. The theoretical one aimed at understanding how temporal concept development occurs according to Piaget, and how time expression manifests itself linguistically in Brazilian Portuguese. The empirical phase took place with a group of five children of 8 and 9 years attending a public state school, and consisted of three procedures, the first and the third ones being done with each child and the second with the whole group working together: (1) assessing of temporal concepts and recording of oral narratives expressed by the children; (2) carrying out an intervention scheme in group during 56 meetings lasting for 9 months, in which oral narrative was used as a methodological tool to get the children become aware of the temporal concept and the time linguistic expressions manifestations; (3) application of procedure (1) after intervention. Collected data analysis showed that the children had developed the temporal concept during intervention scheme, and that they had also started to use linguistic expressions of time in greater quantity and in a way much closer to standard Portuguese. Conclusions pointed up that oral narrative favours the development of both the concept of physical time and manifestation of time linguistic expressions as far as it is operated in order to make possible the actions co-ordinations necessary and specific to assimilation of each one of these two acquirements...(Complete abstract, access undermentioned electronic address)
Doutor

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14

Barcelos, Márcia. "Solenidades de colação de grau na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (1992-2012) : memória, ritual e celebração". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172189.

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O presente estudo tem como tema as solenidades de colação de grau na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) no período de 1992 a 2012 e, como foco as memórias das colações de grau dos cursos de Comunicação Social, Enfermagem e Engenharia, registradas através de depoimentos de graduados nos respectivos cursos e de membros da comunidade universitária que participaram da gestão acadêmica no recorte indicado desta investigação. Buscou-se investigar a trajetória do cerimonial, seus aspectos simbólicos e ritualísticos, inseridos aos contextos históricos, sociais e acadêmico-institucionais do referido período, bem como o papel dos agentes internos e externos nas prováveis mudanças ocorridas nas solenidades. O trabalho se insere na linha de pesquisa Memória, Cultura e Identidade e nos campos de estudos em memória social, trabalhando com conceitos de rito e cerimonial. O estudo, de natureza qualitativa, adotou a metodologia da história oral. O resultado da investigação foi apresentado em cinco capítulos, sendo os dois primeiros de caráter introdutório ao tema e de apresentação do cenário universitário no qual se procede à pesquisa e os três últimos capítulos apresentaram o contexto acadêmico e o cenário do cerimonial universitário e das colações de grau. Na conclusão, fez-se reflexão sobre o percurso do cerimonial das colações de grau, a cultura acadêmica e os testemunhos dos colaboradores. Para atingir as demandas de um mestrado profissional foi produzido um e-book com a memória das solenidades de colações de grau da UFRGS no período de 1992 a 2012.
This work aims at analyzing the graduation ceremonies that took place from 1992 to 2012 at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) and we focus on the memories about the ceremonies in Social Communication, Nursing and Engineering experienced by students who have graduated and by academic staff who worked at the University within that period of time. We have investigated the history of ceremonial and its symbolic and ritualistic aspects according to different social, historical and institution-related events within that time, as well as the role of internal and external motivations for possible changes in the graduation ceremonies’ rites. This work is part of the research line Memory, Culture and Identity and relates to the field of social memory, dealing with the concepts of rite and ceremonial. The study, which has a qualitative approach, uses the methodology of oral history. The results of the investigation have been presented in five chapters, the first two introducing the subject and presenting the academic context and the setting for university ceremonial and graduation ceremonies. In our conclusion, we present a reflection on the pathways of ceremonial for graduation ceremonies, academic culture and the testimony of the contributors. In order to meet the requirements of a professional master’s course, we have written an e-book with the memories about the graduation ceremonies that took place from 1992 to 2012 at UFRGS.

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15

Rodrigues, Inaiara Bartol [UNESP]. "Estudo das relações entre desenvolvimento da noção temporal e expressões linguísticas de tempo: a narrativa oral como proposta de intervenção em uma abordagem piagetiana". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102240.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:02:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_ib_dr_mar.pdf: 503130 bytes, checksum: 74be9fb12614db585bc3148fc92aab40 (MD5)
A noção de tempo é considerada um conteúdo bastante complexo e que apresenta dificuldade de ser apreendido. Da mesma forma, as expressões lingüísticas de tempo apresentam sérias dificuldades em relação ao seu emprego na língua. A questão epistemológica que se coloca é se a aprendizagem desses conteúdos dependem da linguagem verbal. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi analisar as relações entre o desenvolvimento da noção temporal e as manifestações lingüísticas de tempo e verificar se a estimulação da narrativa oral, conceituada como uma estrutura discursiva disponível na língua que se caracteriza por predicados de ação, favorece essa assimilação. A pesquisa teórica visou compreender como ocorre o desenvolvimento da noção temporal segundo a teoria piagetiana e como se manifesta lingüisticamente a expressão de tempo no português do Brasil. A pesquisa empírica foi realizada com um grupo de cinco crianças de 8 e 9 anos da rede estadual de ensino e constou de três procedimentos, sendo que os procedimentos 1 e 3 foram realizados individualmente com cada criança e o procedimento 2 foi realizado em grupo: (1) avaliação da noção temporal e gravação das narrativas orais expressas por meio de solicitação feita pelo pesquisador às crianças; (2) realização de uma proposta de intervenção em grupo com um total de 56 encontros em um período de nove meses, na qual utilizava a narrativa oral como recurso metodológico para a tomada de consciência da noção de tempo e das manifestações de expressões lingüísticas de tempo; (3) aplicação do procedimento 1 após a intervenção. A análise dos dados coletados identificou que as cinco crianças desenvolveram a noção temporal no decorrer da proposta de intervenção e que também passaram a empregar as expressões lingüísticas de tempo em maior quantidade...
The temporal concept is a content difficult to be learned. Linguistic expressions of time also present serious difficulties regarding their use. The epistemological issue which arises is whether learning these contents depend on verbal language. The purpose of this work is to analyse the relationships between the temporal concept and the time linguistic manifestations and investigate whether stimulation of oral narrative that is characterised by action predicates, acts in favour of such an assimilation. The theoretical one aimed at understanding how temporal concept development occurs according to Piaget, and how time expression manifests itself linguistically in Brazilian Portuguese. The empirical phase took place with a group of five children of 8 and 9 years attending a public state school, and consisted of three procedures, the first and the third ones being done with each child and the second with the whole group working together: (1) assessing of temporal concepts and recording of oral narratives expressed by the children; (2) carrying out an intervention scheme in group during 56 meetings lasting for 9 months, in which oral narrative was used as a methodological tool to get the children become aware of the temporal concept and the time linguistic expressions manifestations; (3) application of procedure (1) after intervention. Collected data analysis showed that the children had developed the temporal concept during intervention scheme, and that they had also started to use linguistic expressions of time in greater quantity and in a way much closer to standard Portuguese. Conclusions pointed up that oral narrative favours the development of both the concept of physical time and manifestation of time linguistic expressions as far as it is operated in order to make possible the actions co-ordinations necessary and specific to assimilation of each one of these two acquirements...(Complete abstract, access undermentioned electronic address)

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16

Haouchine, Omar. "Ccna, une poésie féminine de Kabylie : complaintes, conflits et régulation sociale". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCF009.

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Ccna [ʃ:na], est une poésie féminine traditionnelle kabyle chantée publiquement lors des fêtes de mariages dans la région d’Ighil n Zekri de Tizi-Ouzou en Algérie. Elle traite essentiellement de la condition socio-affective de la composante féminine des communautés villageoises. Bien qu’elle s’apparente à d’autres types poétiques relevant de la tradition orale kabyle, cette poésie possède des spécificités propres et une originalité expressive, tant du point de vue de son contexte de performance que du point de vue des fonctions qu’elle assure au sein des sociétés productrices. En effet, les cérémonies de ccna donnent lieu à la production d’un espace virtuel de communication et de gestion des conflits qui mérite indéniablement une étude approfondie. Ce projet de recherche est construit autour d’un corpus traduit et annoté, son étude implique nécessairement une approche, à la fois proprement littéraire des textes et anthropologique (acteurs, conditions de création, diffusion et réception)
Ccna [ʃ:na], is a female traditional Kabylian poem sung publicly at weddings in the area of Ighil n Zekri in Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria. It mainly deals with women’s socio-emotional conditions in rural communities. Although it is similar to other poetic types in the kabylian oral tradition, this poetry has specificities and a meaningful originality, from the point of view of its performance context as well as from the functions it ensures within the producing societies. Indeed, ccna ceremonies lead to the creation of a virtual space of communication and conflict management that deserves an in-depth study. This research project is built around a corpus translated and annotated, its study necessarily implies an approach, both literary of the texts and anthropological (actors, conditions of the creation, dissemination and reception)

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17

Stoll, Daniel. "The Aesthetics of Storytelling and Literary Criticism as Mythological Ritual: The Myth of the Human Tragic Hero, Intertextual Comparisons Between the Heroes and Monsters of Beowulf and the Anglo-Saxon Exodus". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/577.

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For thousands of years, people have been hearing, reading, and interpreting stories and myths in light of their own experience. To read a work by a different author living in a different era and setting, people tend to imagine works of literature to be something they are not. To avoid this fateful tendency, I hope to elucidate what it means to read a work of literature and interpret it: love it to the point of wanting to foremost discuss its excellence of being a piece of art. Rather than this being a defense, I would rather call it a musing, an examination on two texts that I adore: Beowulf and the Anglo-Saxon Exodus

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18

Miyazaki, Yoshihiko. "Social knowledge of food how and why people talk about foods /". The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2592.

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Social knowledge about food was investigated from a social contingency perspective (Guerin, 1994, 1998, 2004), a functional linguistic approach that considers language use having functions both to establish 'facts' in order to control listeners, and to maintain social relationships with words. In Study 1, whether people shared knowledge about food or not was examined. One hundred and fourteen New Zealand and 23 Japanese participants were asked to answer free format questionnaires asking the reasons they and others eat or do not eat particular food items. Those answers were categorised into 8 categories and 30 sub-categories of the knowledge about foods by qualitative content analysis. The results of a cluster analysis of those categories showed that participants used the categories homogeneously although there were some differences between New Zealand and Japanese participants, and that the participants selectively used different types of knowledge according to food items especially when explaining why people do or do not eat some foods. In Study 2, rhetorical features about foods were investigated: (1) numerical quantification rhetoric; (2) narrative use rhetoric; and (3) enumeration rhetoric. Factual statements from a corpus of 118 New Zealand TV commercials and 249 Japanese TV commercials were coded by the categories generated in Study 1. The results showed that the categories of factual statements were selectively used on TV commercials depending on the food types, and related closely to the results of Study 1. The rhetorical strategies appeared in commercials according to the categories of factual statements. When more than one factual statement was presented in a commercial, the relations of the factual statements were usually of a conjunctive form such as quotfact A however fact Bquot or quotfact A moreover fact Bquot, or else the factual statements were presented independently rather than the one statement logically warranting the other. These results suggest that those rhetoric uses and the arrangements of the factual statements were selectively used according to the effectiveness against counter arguments using shared knowledge. Study 3 and Study 4 analysed the functions of shared knowledge about food for maintaining social relationships through investigating the cases in which knowledge about foods presented as the form of 'collaborative talk', which occurs when one speaker completes the preceding saying by another speaker. In Study 3, the collaborative talk as sentence completions of knowledge about food was qualitatively analysed from conversations of 30 to 45 minutes produced by four groups consisting of four or five Japanese participants who were friends. From a social contingency view, the analysis focused on the following conversational properties: (1) who the listener was; (2) the degree of sharing of the information between the speakers; (3) the degree of sharing of the information between the 2nd speaker and the listener; and (4) the disagreement between the 2nd speaker and the listener. The results of Study 3 suggested some possible functions of sentence completions of knowledge about food: (1) the function when the first speaker is the listener may be enhancement of the relationship between the first and the second speakers through showing the second speaker's attention and understanding to the first speaker's utterance, because those sentence completions were often followed by the affirmation or negation by the first speaker; (2) when a third person is the listener, and the first and the second speaker refuted the third person using sentence completion, the function seems to be just establishing 'facts'; and (3) in the cases of 'assisted explaining' (Lerner Takagi, 1999) , the function may be not only establishing 'facts' but also enhancement the relationship between the listener and the speakers, because the constructed 'facts' may work as a kind of conversational 'gift'. In Study 4, five Japanese groups consisting of four participants who were friends were asked to talk about four topics about foods that all participants either agreed or disagreed ('All agree' condition) and four food topics for which there was disagreement about it between participants ('Some agree' condition). When the listeners could not be identified, and the second speakers did not used the utterance-final element such as 'yo ne' that is regarded as having a function of showing agreement between the speakers, the participants used sentence completions more frequently in 'All agree' conditions. The results suggested that the function of this type of sentence completion is not merely establishing 'facts' but also enhancing the relationship between the speakers through showing agreement about the relevant things to the topic. In conclusion, the results of the present studies suggest some possible social contingencies involved both when people get knowledge about food and when they use it.

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Fall, Mandiaye. "Pratiques rituelles et sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel dans le Kajoor (Sénégal) : évolution historique, défis et perspectives". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROF004.

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Selon certaines croyances cosmologiques traditionnelles de la Sénégambie, les esprits des morts évolueraient dans un monde parallèle et seraient chargés de régir celui des vivants. Le phénomène religieux a pour fonction principale de donner un sens à la vie en comblant les incertitudes et en atténuant l’angoisse existentielle face à une nature capricieuse et souvent hostile. L’emprise directe, ou indirecte, du sacré sur les activités fige les concepts et pratiques essentialistes perpétués à travers une ritualisation nécessaire à la survie du patrimoine culturel immatériel des sociétés de l’oralité.La pratique rituelle s’est imposée comme étant le principal procédé servant à la conservation du patrimoine culturel immatériel des Ajoor. Les expressions et représentations sont entourées souvent d’un substrat surnaturel et/ou symbolique sur lequel se fixent les acquis théoriques, moraux, techniques et religieux. Les influences civilisationnelles reçues de part et d’autre ont opéré une forme d’hybridation culturelle avec des nuances spatiales dans la manière de pratiquer les croyances animistes ancestrales.Il va de soi que l’étude du passé des communautés devrait avoir comme principale finalité une meilleure compréhension du présent en vue de la préparation à un futur possible prospère, dans une posture qui prend en compte la durabilité. En s’inspirant du tréfonds culturel local, il serait possible de produire un modèle de citoyen capable de prendre en charge efficacement les défis qui lui sont contemporains. Cette thèse s’applique à modéliser cet argumentaire à travers l’exemple du patrimoine culturel immatériel du Kajoor majoritairement habité par des Ajoor
According to some traditional cosmological beliefs in Senegambia, the spirits of the dead evolve in an alternative world and are given the responsibility of ruling that of the living. The main function of the religious phenomenon is to give life a meaning by overcoming uncertainties and reducing existential anxiety in the face of a tricky and often hostile nature. The direct or indirect hold of the sacred over activities sets essentialist concepts and practices perpetuated through a ritualization necessary for the survival of the intangible cultural heritage of oral societies.The ritual practice has established itself as the main process for the conservation of the intangible cultural heritage of the Ajoor. Expressions and representations are often wrapped in a supernatural and / or symbolic substrate on which theoretical, moral, technical and religious achievements are based. The civilizational influences received on both sides have generated a form of cultural hybridization with spatial slight differences in the way of practicing ancestral animist beliefs. It goes without saying that the main purpose of studying the past of communities should be a better understanding of the present with a view to preparing for a possible prosperous future, in a position that takes sustainability into account. By drawing inspiration from the local cultural core, it will be possible to produce a model of citizen able to efficiently deal with the challenges that are contemporary with him. This thesis aims at modeling this argument through the example of the intangible cultural heritage of Kajoor mainly inhabited by Ajoor people

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20

Debipersad, Homawathee. "An investigation into the presence of gestural and oral expressions in the performance of the Yajna (sacred fire) : a Vedic viewpoint". Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/6810.

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This dissertation is accompanied by a video recording of the performance of the yajna and an audio recording of the mantras (sacred verses) recited during the performance. This thesis endeavors to illustrate how oral style elements are used to accentuate the mantras during the performance of the yajna. The mantras and the yajna itself, have its roots in the Vedic scriptures which have been transmitted orally from generation to generation. In chapter one, "Introduction", a brief description of the concept of Hinduism which forms the basis of my investigation is presented. An individual's life, according to Hinduism, is divided into four stages and the performance of yajna features prominently in the sixteen Vedic sanskaras. In chapter two, the term yajna is defined and the origin of yajna as reflected in the Purusa Sukta is discussed. The five main daily duties or Panca Mahayajna, presented for the welfare and progress of the individual and society are explained. It must be noted that the Panca Mahayajna are not necessarily all rituals or rites but rather social or human commitments, which are a part of the Vedic code of ethics. However, the Deva Yajna or Agni-hotra or yajna as it is very commonly known to Hindus, is a ritual that is performed. The Devayajna forms an integral part of the Panca Mahayajna. The third chapter outlines some of Marcel Jousse's thoughts, views and ideas about oral style expressions relevant to the yajna. The universal anthropological laws of Formulism, Bilateralism, Mimism and Rhythmism as propounded by Marcel Jousse are highlighted. Key concepts like gesture, memory, rhythm and oral expression, used as facilitators for the transmission of knowledge are explained. this chapter forms part of the conceptional framework of the study. Chapter four focusses on the definition of oral tradition The Vedas, an example of Hindu literature reflecting oral tradition, are discussed. Some interesting comments tracing the authenticity of the Vedas and facts declaring the Vedas as the source head of all knowledge about human behaviour also feature in this chapter. In the fifth chapter, the procedure, explanation and analysis of the gestural and oral expressions as reflected in the performance of the yajna are examined. The anthropological laws of Marcel Jousse are applied in the recitation of the mantras and the actual performance of the yajna. Mnemotechnical devices that facilitate memorisation, featuring in the mantras are discussed. The conclusion emphasises the role of oral style elements that are evident in the yajna and explores the possibility for further research in Vedic literature.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban,1999.

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21

Er, Ku Hsuen, e 辜雪娥. "Ritual Expressions in "Themen neu"". Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47795644013829438992.

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碩士
輔仁大學
德國語文學系
88
When people get in touch with others, one standard procedure is to use ritual expressions. Their choice of expressions shows the relationship between them and those with whom they interact. These expressions have two important features; one is to stereotype and the other is to avoid their literal meanings. There are a lot of teaching materials for learning German in Taiwan.“Themen neu” is one of the most important of all the various teaching materials, and it has been used for a long time by most students in Taiwan. In the perspective of teaching and learning, this thesis discusses the ritual expressions in “Themen neu”. By using my research, my primary objective is to help people learn the expressions consciously, and to provide reference materials for German teachers .

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22

Liao, Pao-Hsin, e 廖保鑫. "Oral Submucous Cells, Oral Cancer cell lines’p53 Expressions and Apoptosis". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44193667714604558742.

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博士
中山醫學大學
醫學研究所
93
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic disease of the oral cavity characterized by inflammation and excessive accumulation of interstitial collagenous fibers. OSF affects an estimated 10% to 25% of individuals who are habitual areca nut—chewers worldwide and may be precancerous. The mechanism for the pathogenesis of OSF is at present not fully understood. Mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, and nutritional and immunologic factors may contribute to the genesis of OSF, and chewing of betel quid has been demonstrated to be one of the important risk factors. It would be worthwhile to explore the possible contributions of certain tumor suppressor genes and their protein products to the precancerous aspect of OSF. Cells from OSF and control subjects were cultured in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C. Genomic DNA was extracted from cultured cells and used as a template for polymerase chain reaction amplification of the APC tumor suppressor gene. The presence of wild-type p53 protein in cell lysates of cultured cells was analyzed by Western blot. Data were analyzed by the sign test for nonparametric samples and by analysis of variance. The results showed that the APC gene of explant cultured cells from OSF patients (8/8) had a CGA-to-GGA transition mutation at codon 498 that resulted in an Arg-to-Gly missense mutation (P < .01). All (8/8) normal HGF cultures revealed expression of the wild-type APC protein. Cells cultured from 7 of 8 OSF patients were also found to have a single nucleotide deletion at nucleotide 1494 that resulted in creating a stop codon (TGA) at codon 504 (P < .01). This created a premature signal for the endpoint of translation and thus resulted in the generation of a truncated protein product that encodes a polypeptide of 503 amino acid residue. It was found that wild- type p53 protein in human gingival fibroblast cell cultures was significantly higher than in OSF cells (P < .01). Our conclusion is alterations of the APC and wild-type p53 tumor suppressor genes in OSF may imply a risk for progression to oral cancer. Heat treatment used in tumor therapy existed for centuries. The heat shock proteins (HSPs) are the most subjects in these years. HSPs are a group of proteins, function as molecular chaperone to preventing protein aggregation and refolding soluble misfolded protein moleculars, induced in cells exposed to sublethal heat shock or stress. They can be classified according to their molecular mass into four major families, the HSP27 family, HSP60 family, HSP70 family and HSP90 family. Each family is comprised of several members and exhibits a distinct constitutive and inducible expression pattern. The HSP70 family is constitutive expressed (HSP73) in all cells and can be induced (HSP72) by stress. Using specific oligonuclotides to block the expression of HSP70 and 72 triggered cancer cell apoptosis. It seems not surprising that heat shock proteins make cells more resistant to apoptosis. However, the function of HSPs in tumor cells remains controversial. Previous studies showed that HSPs expression had been correlated with a number of cell types to resist or induce apoptosis. Heat shock induced the tumor suppressor gene p53 accumulation and contributed to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. It well known that p53 has several biological effects involving DNA replication and repair, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis after DNA damage. When cells exposed to an appropriate stress, p53 will be phosphorylated and results in increasing p53 stability and accumulation. Subsequent activation of p53-target genes, particularly the cyclin-dependent-kinase inhibitor p21 and bax, results in the arrest of cell cycle in the G1 phase and activation of apoptosis. The aim of this study is to determine the role of heat-induced chaperone hsp70 on p53 signaling pathway. We found that heat shock triggered HSP70 conformation changed and induced HSP70-p53 complex formation, it assist to stable p53 protein and maintain p53 physiological function. Chingwaysan, a Chinese herbal formula, contains Cimicfugae Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Radixet Rhizoma, Moutan Radicis Cortex, Coptidis Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix. This medicine is well-known for its curing power for ulcerated gums, toothaches, cheek boils and bleeding gingiva. However, no reports can be found on its application in the treatment of oral cancers. We are therefore interested in whether Chingwaysan is capable of causing abnormal apoptosis processes, and whether this condition can be rectified through Chingwaysan herb treatment. We used aqueous extract to treat OC2 and TSCCa cells (both are human oral cancer cell lines) with different Chingwaysan concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 µl/ml). The MTT (3, (4, 5-dimethyl-thiazol) 2, 5-diphenyl-tetraxolium bromide) reduction assay was employed to quantify the differences in cell activity and viability. DNA ladder formation on agarose electrophoresis was also performed. The bax expression level was monitored using immunoblotting techniques. The patterns of the changes in expression were scanned and analyzed by NIH image 1.56 software. Taken together, drastic morphological changes, reduced cell viability and the presence of inter-nucleosomal DNA fragmentation all indicated that Chingwaysan is capable of inducing apoptosis in OC2 and TSCCa cell lines. Furthermore, the accumulation of wild type bax protein significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner upon treatment with Chingwaysan. In conclusion, Chingwaysan can induce apoptosis via a bax-dependent pathway in cells from these two particular oral cancer cell lines.

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23

Ho, Chun Yu, e 侯俊羽. "Gene expressions in the malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36195204998689577390.

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碩士
長庚大學
顱顏口腔醫學研究所
98
Background and purpose : Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by progressive fibrosis of oral connective tissues and accumulation of collagen in the propria of oral mucosa. It is thought to be an oral precancerous condition with about 7.6% malignant transformation rates. However, there is short of molecular markers that can predict the outcome of OSF transformation. It is of critical importance to develop a methodology that can provide the means to stratify the potential risk of precursor lesions. Materials and methods : In order to globally survey the altered gene expressions in OSF patients, Affymetrix microarrays were used for transcriptome profiling between 21 normal mucosa samples and 6 OSF samples. After analyzing the microarray data by MetaCoreTM algorithm, five candidate genes including MMP1, KRT17, ENO3, KBTBD10, MYH2 were selected for further validated in normal, OSF and oral cancer tissues by RT-PCR analysis. Results : Total of 694 genes were differentially expressed at least 2-fold in OSF patients, including 397 up-regulated and 297 down-regulated. Several regulatory pathways were found significant (p<0.001), including small GTPase signal transduction (p=4.12E-05), transcription regulation (p = 6.81E-05) and cell adhesion regulation (p = 4.41E-04). Compared to normal mucosa samples, KBTBD10 (p=0.006) was significant up-regulated in OSF tissues and in tumors (p=0.014). Similarly, ENO3 (p=0.004) was significant up-regulated in OSF tissues and in tumors (p=0.014). MYH2 did not show any statistical differences between normal mucosa and OSF groups (p=0.071) or normal and tumor groups (p=0.11). KRT17 (p=0.03) and MMP1 (p<0.001) show statistical difference between OSF and tumor. Conclusions : These results indicated that ENO3 and KBTBD10 play early roles during oral carcinogenesis, especially in OSF formation. MMP1 and KRT17 play later roles in oral cancer development. This study may be use in clinical applications in the future.

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24

Chen, Tseng-Cheng, e 陳贈成. "The specific pathological expressions in advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma and the prognostic impact thereof". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86011934266646166743.

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博士
國立臺灣大學
病理學研究所
104
For the patients with advanced oral cancer disease, the treatment outcomes and disease control under current therapy are disappointed. For the clinicians, it is still full of challenges and difficulties need to be overcome when facing the advanced oral cancer disease. In our opinion, how to identify the risk of failure and its underlying mechanism from the pathological findings were of paramount importance. Therefore, the main purpose of our study was to identify the possible and specific pathological expressions from the worst patients with advanced oral cancer disease, the patients with positive extranodal extension (ENE) and/or pretreatment tumor necrosis. We retrospectively reviewed 218 eligible patients with stage III/IV oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and neck lymph node metastasis and also had received comprehensive treatment at our department between January 2004 and December 2011. The 5-year disease-free, disease-specific and overall survivals of all the patients in our series were 33.5%, 35.8% and 33.8%, respectively. In the first part of our study, we focused on the specific pathological expression in extranodal tumor. First, we noted that the nuclear phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) expression was highly associated with differentiation of OSCC. The moderately and poorly differentiated OSCC always demonstrated varying degrees of nuclear p-mTOR expression. By the discrimination from pathological expression of extranodal tumors, the 5-year disease-free survival of the patients without ENE, with and without nuclear p-mTOR expression in extranodal tumors was 54.3%, 23.4% and 55.2%, respectively. The 5-year overall survival of the patients without ENE, with and without nuclear p-mTOR expression was 55%, 18.7% and 51.3%, respectively. After the stratification of multivariate analysis, the nuclear p-mTOR expression in extranodal tumors was a significant independent adverse factor for disease control and treatment outcome. Its expression in extranodal tumors could add more significant information in traditional ENE grading system. In the second part of study, we focused on the specific pathological expression of hypoxic OSCC surrounding necrosis. First of all, the necrosis finding in pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image had great association with pathological cystic necrosis. Both of them had substantial positive association (kappa value 0.64) in metastatic lymph nodes. Then, we always noted that hypoxic OSCC surrounding necrosis, either in primary tumor or metastatic lymph nodes, frequently showed colocalized expression of and immunohistochemical associations between Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). There were moderate (kappa value 0.54) and almost perfect (kappa value 0.86) positive association between positive HIF-1α and PD-L1 expression in primary tumor and metastatic lymph node, respectively. Finally, the patients with both necrosis and positive PD-L1 expression in OSCC surrounding necrosis had worse treatment outcome and disease control. The dissemination of these hypoxic and immune-privileged positive PD-L1 tumor cells may play an important role for the worse disease control, especially the worse distant disease control. In conclusion, we found that both the positive nuclear p-mTOR expression in extranodal OSCC and positive PD-L1 OSCC surrounding necrosis had significant relation with disease control and treatment outcomes. Among the patients with advanced OSCC disease, the patients with either of two specific pathological expression must be worth of the target for basic or clinical studies in the future.

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25

Sie, Huei-Cin, e 謝慧琴. "The association of GBP5, GBP6, and DDX60 expressions with the development and prognosis of oral cancer". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47675653089882603717.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
國立中山大學
生物科學系研究所
104
Backgrounds: Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer death among males in Taiwan. Interferons (IFNs) including Type I IFNs (IFN-α/β) and type II IFNs (IFN-γ) are well-known potent cytokine in host defenses against infection with viral and microbial pathogens. However, they have been proven in malignant transformation of tumor cells. Guanylate binding protein (GBP) 5 and GBP6 belong to the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) superfamily, which plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, signal transduction, and intracellular protein transportation. In addition, GBP expression is mostly induced by IFN-γ. On the other hand, DDX60, a subtype of DEXD/H Box Helicase, is required for RIG-I- or MDA5-dependent type I interferon production. DDX60 belongs to a DEAD box RNA helicase involving in most cellular processes, such as essential for cancer development. However, roles of GBP5, GBP6 and DDX60 in cancer especially for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were not identified so far. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of the expression levels of GBP5, GBP6 and DDX60 with tumorigenesis, clinicopathologic outcomes, and survival of patients with OSCC and three primary subsites. Methods: Our preliminary data from next generation sequencing (NGS) indicated that in two pairs of OSCC and corresponding tumor adjacent normal (CTAN) tissues, the gene expressions of GBP5 and DDX60 in OSCC tissue were significant higher than that in CTAN tissue but the GBP6 gene expression in OSCC tissue was significant decreased than that in CTAN tissue. Gene expressions of GBP5, GBP6 and DDX60 were further confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using 23 pairs of mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (BMSCC) and CTAN tissues as well as 14 pairs of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and CTAN tissues. In the study, expression levels of GBP5, GBP6 and DDX60 were examined by immunohistochemistry with tissue microarray slides of 494 OSCC patients including 180 buccal mucosal SCC (BMSCC), 241 tongues SCC (TSCC), and 73 lip SCC (LSCC) patients. Results: The expression results of GBP5, GBP6 and DDX60 assayed by NGS, RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining were quite consistent. GBP5 and DDX60 expressions (all p <0.05) significantly increased, whereas GBP6 (p <0.001) expression decreased in tumor tissues compared to that in CTAN tissues, indicating that GBP5 and DDX60 might be oncoproteins, but GBP6 was a tumor suppressor. Among OSCC tissues of 494 patients, the higher GBP5 expression was associated with older age over 50 yrs. (>50 yrs.; p=0.019) and well differentiation (p=0.036), whereas decreased GBP6 expression was associated with poor differentiation (p<0.001). Among BMSCC tissues of 180 patients, the GBP5 expression was positively associated with older age (>50 yrs.; p=0.021), although GBP6 expression was negatively associated with poor differentiation (p=0.039). Among TSCC tissues of 241 patients, the loss of GBP6 expression was associated with poor differentiation (p<0.001) and lymph node metastasis (N1- N2, p=0.047). Moreover, the decreased GBP6 expression was correlated with the poor disease-specific survival (DSS) for only TSCC patients. Increased DDX60 expression was associated with males (p=0.002), well differentiation (p=0.004), advanced pathological stage (III-IV, p=0.023), and large tumor size (T3-T4, p=0.001) in OSCC. Higher DDX60 expression was associated with advanced pathological stage (III-IV, p=0.042) and larger tumor size (T3-T4, p=0.032) in BMSCC. Higher DDX60 expression was positively associated with males (p=0.023), well differentiation (p<0.001), and large tumor size (T3-T4, p=0.017) in TSCC. Moreover, the elevated DDX60 expression was correlated with the poor DSS in LSCC patients, and the poor disease-free survival (DFS) in OSCC, especially in TSCC patients. Conclusion: GBP5 may be the biomarkers for tumor development but not for prognosis in OSCC. GBP6 may be a predictor of better prognosis in TSCC. DDX60 may be the biomarkers for tumor development and prognosis of OSCC, particularly for survival of LSCC and recurrence of TSCC.

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26

Ballard, Christopher. "The death of a great land: ritual history and subsistence revolution in the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea". Phd thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/7510.

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The relationship between environmental conditions and the decisions and actions of historical agents is the central issue of this thesis. In a brief review of the role that social and environmental factors have played in archaeological explanation, I describe the scope for a form of archaeological ethnography in which particular attention is paid to the contrast between the different worlds of meaning in and through which historical agents address their environments. In the context of a debate over the impact of sweet potato upon society and environment in the New Guinea Highlands, the history of wetland use emerges as a focus for competing positions on the nature of explanation for relationships between societies and their environments. My study addresses this debate through consideration of the recent history of Huli-speaking communities of the Tari region, in the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Part B sets out an ethnographic model of the relationship between Huli people and their environment. External and Huli perceptions of landscape, society and agricultural production are presented in order to permit explanations for change that encompass both the intention of the Huli agents of the recent historical past, and the broader social environmental processes of which those historical individuals cannot have been aware. The roles of cosmology and ritual in the relationship between Huli and their environment are singled out for the contrast they evince between an external, Western concept of historical progress and a Huli notion of continuous, entropic decline in the world and in society. The history of a particular landscape, The Haeapugua basin, is addressed in Part C. Detailed oral historical accounts of land tenure and wetlands use set a context for the archaeological investigation of the Haeapugua wetlands and wetlands margins. On the basis of archaeological and palaeoenvironmental evidence, it is possible to demonstrate the significance of environmental change in placing broad limits on the possibility of wetland reclamation; this leaves unanswered, however, the more complex issue of human agency and decision-making in the processes and actual timing of wetland reclamation and abandonment. Through reference to the role of ritual in the relationship between Huli and their environment, as set out in Part B, Part D attempts an explanation for wetland reclamation at Haeapugua. The oral history of migration from the central Huli basins is shown to reflect an increase in population consequent upon the local adoption of sweet potato. While acknowledging the importance of population pressure on dryland resources, I suggest that the more significant imperative for the Huli who undertook the reclamation of the Haeapugua wetlands was the increased demand for fodder with which to augment the production of pigs. Pressure on dryland resources, decline in soil quality and increases social conflict were all interpreted by Huli as tokens of entropic decline, of the death of the land. Within the framework of Huli cosmology, the appropriate response to these changes was the innovation and elaboration of ritual and it was greater requirements of pigs for sacrifice and for exchange in ritual contexts that provided the immediate impetus for wetland reclamation.

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27

Li, Yi-jing, e 李怡靜. "LC3, P62, P65, and EGFR Protein Expressions are Associated with Tumor Transformation and Poor Prognosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00115503748567864564.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
國立中山大學
生物科學系研究所
104
Oral cancer, a common type of head and neck cancer, is the sixth most common malignant tumors in the world. Tongue, buccal mucosa, and lip are the top three most common subsites of oral cavity. Autophagy plays an important role on tumor growth and progression in many cancers. Upregulation of autophagy in cancer can be either prosurvival or prodeath for tumor cells. The associations of expression levels of LC3, p62, p65, and EGFR with the tumorigenesis, clinicopathologic outcomes, and survival for three primary subsites of oral cancer were investigated. A total of 498 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients were recruited, including 181 buccal mucosal SCC (BMSCC), 244 tongue SCC (TSCC), and 73 lip SCC (LSCC) patients. In addition, another 76 sleep apnea patients for uvula excision were also recruited as controls. The expression levels of LC3, p62, p65 in the nuclear, p65 in the cytoplasm , EGFR in the Membrane (EGFR-M) and EGFR in the cytoplasm (EGFR-C) in three kinds of tissues, including normal, tumor, and corresponding tumor adjacent normal (TAN) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarray. An increased expression of LC3, p62, p65-C, EGFR-M, and EGFR-C was found in OSCC tissues and three subsites as compared to those in TAN and normal tissues (all p<0.001). However, p65-N expression was found significantly decreased in OSCC (all p<0.002), except in LSCC (p=0.119). In BMSCC patients, the higher expression of p62 was associated with poor cell differentiation (p=0.015) and lymph node metastasis (p=0.033). However, the expression of EGFR in N0 was higher than that in lymph node metastasis (p=0.031). In TSCC patients, the higher expressions of LC3 (p=0.045), p62 (p=0.040), and p65-C (p<0.001) were associated with poor cell differentiation. Moreover, higher expressions of EGFR-C are associated with advanced AJCC pathological stage (p<0.001), higher T classification (p=0.003), and lymph node metastasis patients (p=0.013). In LSCC patients, an increased expression of p62 was associated with poor cell differentiation (p=0.003) and p65-C expression was higher in older patients (>50 yrs, p=0.009). In OSCC patients, expression levels of LC3, p65-N, and p65-C were significantly different between three subsites (p<0.001). An increased expression of p62 (p=0.001) and p65-C p<0.001) was found in those with poor cell differentiation. The expressions of EGFR-C was accordingly associated in advanced AJCC pathological stage (p<0.001) and high T classification (p=0.006). An increased expression of p65-C (p=0.012) and EGFR-C (p=0.012) but a reduced expression of EGFR-M (p=0.019) were found in those with lymph node metastasis. Finally, the univariate and multivariate analysis of survival showed that a higher expression level of p62 was associated with a poor disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of OSCC patients, especially DSS for BMSCC patients) and DFS for LSCC. The LC3, p62, p65, and EGFR could be biomarkers for tumorigenesis in OSCC, including three primary subsites. Moreover, p62 is a potential candidate factor for prognosis in OSCC, especially for BMSCC and LSCC.

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28

Chan, Nai-Hsuan Christina, e 詹乃璇. "Cultural meanings in the oral expressions of image repair strategies:case studies on the HUang Yi-chiao Scandal and Bill Clinton scandal". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48472272965875321816.

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29

Schaeffer, Nancy Ellen. "Fishermen, farmers, and fiestas: continuity in ritual of traditional villages on the northwest coast of Peru". Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3409.

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30

Ornelas, Dalila Maria Vieira. "Comunic' Arte : o contributo das expressões artísticas para o desenvolvimento da expressão oral, no 7º ano de escolaridade, na disciplina de português". Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/4699.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Arte e Educação apresentada à Universidade Aberta
Este projeto de intervenção centra-se no contributo das expressões artísticas para o desenvolvimento do domínio da expressão oral, no âmbito da disciplina de Português, no 7.º ano de escolaridade. O projeto de intervenção Comunic’ARTE ocorre em quatro contextos educativos distintos (Escola Básica e Secundária de Santa Cruz, Casa da Cultura de Santa Cruz, Museu Quinta das Cruzes e Ginásio de São Martinho) e encontra-se desenvolvido em quatro andamentos: fundamentação, conceção, implementação, retroação e avaliação do projeto, de acordo com as orientações de Martins (2002). Nesta investigação-ação, que decorreu de setembro de 2013 a junho de 2014, optou-se por uma metodologia qualitativa, alicerçada no modelo de Relação Pedagógica de Renald Legendre (1993, 2005) que destaca quatro polos (Sujeito, Agente, Objeto e Meio). Esta metodologia permitiu-nos apreender as aprendizagens vivenciais dos intervenientes através de uma Educação pela Arte centralizada na comunicação verbal espontânea e planificada e realizada em contexto intra e extra sala de aula, com alunos que frequentam o 7.º ano de escolaridade. Os instrumentos de recolha de informação (observação participante, registos vídeo e fotográficos, opiniões e trabalhos dos sujeitos) permitiram observar e registar, pormenorizadamente, as práticas desenvolvidas para posterior reflexão. A abordagem pedagógica do domínio da expressão oral em articulação com as expressões artísticas permitiu constatar o desenvolvimento da comunicação verbal dos sujeitos e o acréscimo de competências e valores adquiridos pelos alunos num contexto de Educação pela Arte.
This project of intervention is based on the contribution of artistic expressions for the development of oral communication in the subject of seventh form Portuguese. The project of intervention entitled Comunic’ARTE runs in four distinctive educational contexts (Elementary and Secondary School of Santa Cruz, Cultural Centre of Santa Cruz, the Museum Quinta das Cruzes and the Gymnasium of São Martinho) and is developed in four stages: rationale, conception, implementation and feedback, evaluation and reflection of the project, according to Martins’s guidelines (2002). The action-research occurred from September 2013 to June 2014, and it is based on a qualitative approach which is centered upon the Pedagogical Relationship Model of Renald Legendre (1993, 2005) that distinguishes four poles (Subject, Agent, Object and Environment). This methodology allowed us to fully understand the learning experiences of the intervenients in an Education through Art context, focused on spontaneous and planned verbal communication, inside and outside the classroom, with 7th form students. The data collection instruments (participative observation, video and photographic registrations, audio-recordings, opinions, comments and students’ work) allowed to observe and register, in detail, the practices developed for posterior reflection. The pedagogical approach of the oral expression domain in articulation with the artistic expressions allowed us to ascertain the development of verbal communication and an increase in acquired skills and values in students by an experience of Education through Art.

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31

Appleton, Ann Lucille. "Acts of integration, expressions of faith : madness, death and ritual in Melanau ontology : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Social Anthropology at Massey University". 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1675.

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Longitudinal medical research studies undertaken on an international scale by the World Health Organisation continue to confirm a better prognosis for mental illness in traditional societies than in more technologically developed societies. While various associations have been drawn or hypothesised between specific cultural factors and a more favourable outcome, attention has also frequently been drawn to the methodological, analytic and diagnostic inadequacies of these studies. The work for this thesis was undertaken with these criticisms in mind and also in part as a counter to the perceived inadequacies of a solely bio-medical approach to psychopathology. The specific purpose of the research was to assess the role that culture plays in the construction and experience of both psychological well-being and psychopathology in a "traditional" society in Sarawak, Malaysia. There was an equal concern to ascertain and examine the ways in which explanations and understandings about identity, illness and wellness differ from current western models and approaches and how they are realised and lived out in the experience of individuals. The ethnographic data was collected during intensive participant-observation conducted over two years in the Mukah District of Sarawak, Malaysia, a region which has a long association with the Melanau ethnic group. Drawing on the ethnographic evidence, this thesis argues that psychopathological experiences (as psychological phenomena) embody characteristics that make it possible to identify them as culturally constructed artifacts. A theory is advanced which locates the source of psychopathology within the context of human being-in-the-world and which suggests that features of the mental illness experience such as chronicity and stigma are historically and culturally constructed within the illness concept itself. The argument draws on the theory and insights of existentialism, phenomenology. Turner's ritual theory, and Jung's concept of the shadow, extended to include a concept of the cultural shadow. It concludes that a failure to take account of the cultural dimensions of mental illness may also result in a failure to perceive not only the source of our psychopathologies but also a solution.

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32

HO, YI-TING, e 何宜庭. "A Study of the Practice of the Introduction of Japanese Anime Dubbing to the Sophomore Conversation Course: With the Goals of Increasing Learning Motivation and Learning Natural Oral Expressions". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9748zg.

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碩士
銘傳大學
應用日語學系碩士班
107
In recent years, with the prosperous development of the anime industry, many Japanese learners have found opportunities to learn Japanese in anime. One essential element of anime is dubbing. Voice actors/actresses moved from backstage to stage and thus got a lot of attention. Thus, more learners are attracted to ways of expressing rich emotions in conversations. There are now Japanese dubbing clubs in schools and Japanese dubbing competitions. Yet, very few related studies mention how anime dubbing can be used for teaching. Thus, this study on dubbing aimed to introduce dubbing to the conversation course. First, this study summarized the results and concepts from the studies related to introducing anime to teaching. Then, based on the findings of the previous studies, this study designed the teaching process which was implemented during the second semester in 2018 for 13 weeks with 19 Applied Japanese students of University M who took the sophomore conversation course. After the course was finished, a questionnaire survey was conducted. The results showed that this design had helped to improve the students’ learning effect in terms of “correct pronunciations”, “natural expressions of Japanese”, “speaking fluency”, and “expressions of emotions”.

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33

Elfassy-Bitoun, Sarah. "Fabrication d'une tradition montagnarde marocaine berbérophone : singularisation d'une fête dans le Haut Atlas marocain". Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8485.

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Abstract (sommario):

Dans un village du Haut Atlas marocain, une fête abandonnée depuis plus de quinze ans a été renouvelée en 2010, attirant des journalistes, des anthropologues et des associatifs. L’étude du renouvellement de la tradition lors de cette fête, au niveau du discours, du contenu des performances et des interactions sociales, nous permet de réinterroger les modèles théoriques de la fabrication de tradition. Un processus sous-jacent apparaît comme la base de ce renouvellement, la singularisation, une forme particulière de résistance à la culture de l’État-nation ou à toute autre culture hégémonique. La singularisation est présente dans chaque élément de la fête. Elle définit un certain rapport au passé par lequel celui-ci est un miroir inversé du présent, mis en scène comme objet de perte. Elle définit également le choix culturel entre deux traditions musicales présentes dans la région. Ces mécanismes reposent sur une nouvelle logique spatiale qui résulte des récents changements économiques et politiques au Maroc. Dans cette nouvelle organisation spatiale où le pouvoir se situe en dehors du local, les femmes sont marginalisées et les figures intermédiaires deviennent le centre du renouvellement de la tradition. L’étude de la singularisation permet de mettre en lumière des processus de fabrication de l’identité, de dégager les conditions de survie culturelle d’un groupe, de caractériser le rapport entre un événement culturel et le changement social, et de préciser les modèles théoriques sur la tradition.
In a village of the High Atlas in Morocco, a celebration which has been abandoned for more than fifteen years has been renewed in 2010, bringing along journalists, anthropologists and militant associatives. The study of the renewal of tradition in this celebration, through discourse, performances and social interaction, allows us to put into question the models on the fabrication of tradition. The underlying process of this renewal is singularisation, a specific form of resistance to the nationalist culture or any other cultural hegemony. Singularisation is present in every element of the celebration. It determines a specific link to the past by which it appears as the reversed image of the present, staged as object of loss. It also determines cultural choices such as the one between two musical traditions. Such mechanisms respond to a new spatial organization which is a direct consequence of the recent economic and political changes in Morocco. In this organization, power is no more in the local but outside the community’s territory. Women are marginalized and intermediary figures become the center of the renewal of tradition. The study of singularisation enables to explain how identity is made, to determine conditions for the cultural survival of a group, to characterize the relation between a cultural event and social change, and to bring new elements to the theories of tradition.

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34

Vlasáková, Aldana. "Epos Geser v kultuře etnik Centrální Asie". Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-344022.

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Abstract (sommario):

This thesis is about Gesar epic in the culture of The Gesar epic in the cultures of Inner Asian ethnic groups, primarily of Mongolian and Tibetan. After the general introduction to the Gesar epic there is a short history of Gesar epic studies and list of different versions of epic in every region it is known. In the central part the thesis deals with a development of religion cult of the main epic hero. A special attention was put on a ritual of smoke offering, known as sang and on texts related to this ritual. Then there is a description of Gesar's reflection in iconographic Buddhist art as well as in modern art. The end of the thesis is dedicated to a structural analysis of one sang text, its transcription and Czech translation are given at the supplement of the thesis with some images of Gesar in art.

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35

Dunlop, Roslyn Ann. "The indigenous music of East Timor and its relationship to the social and cultural mores and lulik worldview of its autochthonous people". Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1313493.

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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
This thesis defines the indigenous music of East Timor and the range and variety of its musical instruments and investigates their place within the societal and cultural mores of its autochthonous people. The island of Timor is a convergence of two major cultural groups, Austronesian and Melanesian, and as a consequence East Timor comprises many ethnolinguistic groups. My empirical research revealed diversity in the indigenous music across these groups, a reflection perhaps of the heterogeneous origins of the peoples who migrated to its shores. The indigenous cultures throughout East Timor, including musical are passed on by oral transmission and have been subjected to many influences and changes over the course of time. East Timor was on a trading network and influences from these other nations affected indigenous cultures. Centuries of invasion and occupation have also impacted the island culture. The widespread destruction by the departing Indonesian armed forces in 1999 affected the indigenous music to the extent that much of it is now regarded as endangered. Prior to this current investigation little had been written about East Timor’s indigenous music, nor has its relationship to lulik, the society and the cultures of its autochthonous people been considered in any detail. Empirical field research has shown that indigenous music is part of East Timorese society and culture rather than a separate entity. Therefore this thesis examines the society and culture of its autochthonous people as part of the investigation and looks at relationships between the indigenous music and these other aspects. East Timorese society is structured through a powerful system of extended marital alliance creating complex relationships between clans and its underlying indigenous belief system is based on ancestral worship. At its core is lulik, considered the spiritual root of all life. Lulik is a complex concept, with many layers, and the governance of lulik’s sacred rules and regulations shapes most relationships in East Timorese society. As well as exploring the relationship between lulik and the indigenous music and societal and cultural mores of East Timor, this thesis proposes a scheme of classification which represents this relationship.

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Tesi sul tema "Oral and ritual expressions"

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