Bibliografie tematiche / Orchards soil moisture equilibrium

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Orchards soil moisture equilibrium"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 7 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Orchards soil moisture equilibrium"

Jiang, Xiaohu, e Long He. "Investigation of Effective Irrigation Strategies for High-Density Apple Orchards in Pennsylvania". Agronomy 11, n. 4 (10 aprile 2021): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040732.

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Irrigation helps grow agricultural crops in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. Proper irrigation could improve both crop productivity and produce quality. For high density apple orchards, water relations are even more important. Most irrigation in tree fruit orchards is applied based on grower’s experience or simple observations, which may lead to over- or under-irrigation. To investigate an effective irrigation strategy in high-density apple orchard, three irrigation methods were tested including soil moisture-based, evapotranspiration (ET)-based and conventional methods. In soil moisture-based irrigation, soil water content and soil water potential sensors were measured side by side. In ET-based irrigation, daily ET (ETc) and accumulated water deficit were calculated. Conventional method was based on the experience of the operator. The experiment was conducted from early June through middle of October (one growing season). Lastly, water consumption, fruit yield and fruit quality were analyzed for these irrigation strategies. Results indicated that the soil moisture-based irrigation used least water, with 10.8% and 4.8% less than ET-based and conventional methods, respectively. The yield from the rows with the soil moisture-based irrigation was slightly higher than the other two, while the fruit quality was similar. The outcome from this study proved the effectiveness of using soil moisture sensors for irrigation scheduling and could be an important step for future automatic irrigation system.

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Wang, Wenqian, Mingxiu Gao e Jiafan Wang. "Hyperspectral parameters and prediction model of soil moisture in apple orchards". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 687, n. 1 (1 marzo 2021): 012085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/687/1/012085.

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Hou, Tingting, Yanping Wang, Fuxing Guo, Qiong Jia, Xinnan Wu, Enguang Wang e Jingbo Hong. "Soil Respiration Characteristics and Influencing Factors for Apple Orchards in Different Regions on the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province". Sustainability 13, n. 9 (24 aprile 2021): 4780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094780.

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To explore the characteristics of the spatial and temporal variation in soil respiration (SR) in orchard ecosystems in different regions of the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province and to distinguish the controlling factors, representative orchards were studied from April to October 2019. We conducted SR measurements in five locations, including Mizhi dangta (MZ), Ansai Liuzhuang (AS), Luochuan houzitou (LC), Fuping meijiaping (FP), and Yangling Wuquan (YL). The results indicated that the SR of each orchard showed clear seasonal variation. The SR increased with the distance from the trunk at the tree scale, while gradually increasing from north to south on the regional scale (p < 0.05). The soil temperature and soil moisture were the main factors controlling the seasonal changes in SR in the orchards. On the tree scale, the fine root biomass was the main factor causing the tree-scale spatial variability. At the regional scale, SR was mainly influenced by the differences in the soil temperature, soil moisture, soil organic carbon, soil bulk density and pH. In agricultural management practices, the cumulative soil respiration was higher with irrigated treatment than with non-irrigated (NI) treatment (p < 0.05). In addition, traditional surface drip irrigation (SDI) and root injection irrigation (RII) showed great differences in soil respiration in the early and late stages of irrigation (p < 0.05), and the soil moisture was the main controlling factor. Compared with no tillage (NI), green cover (GC), deep tillage (DT), and shallow tillage (ST) increased the SR by 57%, 36% and 14%, respectively (p < 0.05). Due to the great temporal and spatial variation in the SR in our study area, we determined that the soil respiration in the orchards was affected not only by environmental factors but also by agricultural measures. Therefore, greater attention should be paid to human factors when exploring SR to ensure that orchard management can promote the economic benefits of the orchards without greatly impacting the environment.

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Tang, Min, Hongchen Li, Chao Zhang, Xining Zhao, Xiaodong Gao e Pute Wu. "Mulching Measures Improve Soil Moisture in Rain-Fed Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Orchards in the Loess Hilly Region of China". Sustainability 13, n. 2 (11 gennaio 2021): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020610.

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Water shortage is the main bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of rain-fed jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) orchards in the loess hilly region of China. Given the effect of mulching on soil moisture conservation, straw mulching (SM) and jujube branch mulching (BM) were applied to a rain-fed jujube orchard in this study. Soil moisture dynamics, soil water storage, water consumption, and soil moisture attenuation after typical rainfall under SM, BM, and clean tillage (CT) were studied. The results showed the following: (1) The 0–60 cm soil layer was the seasonal fluctuation layer of soil moisture under SM, BM, and CT in both the normal precipitation year and the dry year studied. The moisture contents of the 0–60, 60–160, and 160–280 cm soil layers under SM and BM were higher than that under CT in the three experimental years studied, and SM showed the most obvious effect of increasing soil moisture. (2) SM and BM showed a significant soil water storage effect in all of the jujube growth stages, and SM had a better water storage effect than BM. (3) SM reduced the amount of water consumption by 94.3, 60.8, and 121.3 mm compared to CT in the whole jujube growth period in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. The amount of water consumption of BM decreased by 34.8 and 31.0 mm compared to that of CT in the whole growth period in 2014 and 2015, respectively. (4) CT had the maximum soil moisture loss rate under continuous drought after rainfall. The soil moisture loss rate of CT was above 37.3% on the eleventh day after typical rainfall in 2014, 2015, and 2016. With the extension of drought, the soil moisture loss rate under SM increased slowly. This study suggests that SM is the best mulching measure for rain-fed jujube orchards, and pruned jujube branches can also be used for in situ mulching to obtain a certain moisture conservation effect.

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Downer, Jim, Ben Faber e John Menge. "Factors Affecting Root Rot Control in Mulched Avocado Orchards". HortTechnology 12, n. 4 (gennaio 2002): 601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.4.601.

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Mulches can exert positive (disease controlling) or negative (disease enhancing) potential when applied to young avocado (Persea americana) trees. Regulation of root disease in avocado is a complicated process that is affected by host resistance, inoculum density, temperature, soil salinity and soil water potential. There are short-term immediate effects from mulching and subtle long-term effects that regulate disease caused by the root rot pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. Short-term effects include increased soil moisture and soil temperature moderation. Long-term effects include increases of: soil mineral nutrients, soil aggregation and drainage; microbial activity; and cellulase enzyme activities. Biological control of Phytophthora in mulched soil is partially regulated by cellulase enzyme activities. This soil enzyme concept of biological control is discussed in regard to the classical Ashburner method of biological control.

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Huang, Ying, Zu Lian Zhang e Ke Sheng Jin. "Active Limit Equilibrium Method of the Stability Analysis for Soil Slopes". Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (novembre 2012): 636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.636.

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The stability of the soil slopes can be judged according to the critical moisture content and the actual moisture content when the soil slopes be in the limit equilibrium state. From the perspective of earth pressure, the critical moisture content is the moisture content when the soil slopes be in the active limit equilibrium state, at this time, the active earth pressure is 0. The critical moisture content can be determined and the stability of the slopes can be judged according to the relationship of the soil parameters and the moisture content and the active earth pressure being 0. The critical moisture content of the upright or declining cohesionless slopes can be determined according to the relationship of the internal friction angle and the moisture content. The critical moisture content of the upright cohesive slopes can be determined by solving the equation of the critical moisture content. For the declining cohesive slopes, first, the cohesive soil having the cohesion and internal friction angle is replaced by only having the equivalent internal friction angle of the cohesionless soil according to the principle of the equal strength, then, the critical moisture content can be determined according to the relationship of the equivalent internal friction angle and the moisture content of the declining cohesionless.

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Gao, Peng, Jiaxing Xie, Mingxin Yang, Ping Zhou, Wenbin Chen, Gaotian Liang, Yufeng Chen, Xiongzhe Han e Weixing Wang. "Improved Soil Moisture and Electrical Conductivity Prediction of Citrus Orchards Based on IoT Using Deep Bidirectional LSTM". Agriculture 11, n. 7 (7 luglio 2021): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070635.

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In order to create an irrigation scheduling plan for use in large-area citrus orchards, an environmental information collection system of citrus orchards was established based on the Internet of Things (IoT). With the environmental information data, deep bidirectional long short-term memory (Bid-LSTM) networks are proposed to improve soil moisture (SM) and soil electrical conductivity (SEC) predictions, providing a meaningful reference for the irrigation and fertilization of citrus orchards. The IoT system contains SM, SEC, air temperature and humidity, wind speed, and precipitation sensors, while the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2) were calculated to evaluate the performance of the models. The performance of the deep Bid-LSTM model was compared with a multi-layer neural network (MLNN). The results for the performance criteria reveal that the proposed deep Bid-LSTM networks perform better than the MLNN model, according to many of the evaluation indicators of this study.

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Wang, Bing Ru, Yong Ju Hu e Xin Qiu. "SWCC Based Prediction Model of Equilibrium Moisture of Clay Subgrade with High Groundwater Table". Key Engineering Materials 579-580 (settembre 2013): 906–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.579-580.906.

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To accurately calibrate the working range of equilibrium moisture of clay subgrade, according to unsaturated soil mechanics basic theories, the filter paper method was used to measure matrix suction and to establish soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) model with reflecting function between moisture and metrics suction. The prediction method about the working range of equilibrium moisture of unsaturated clay subgrade was proposed and the model was tested. The results show that equilibrium moisture of clay subgrade out the affected range of the precipitation and evaporation is mainly controlled by the impact of groundwater. The Fredlund & Xing model can better characterize the unsaturated cohesive subgrade soil humidity and the correlation matrix suction and the model parameters possessed highly reliability. The prediction result of clay subgrade's equilibrium moisture on groundwater control area has high uniformity with experimental result. The prediction method is reasonable and reliable. The results provide new perspectives and standpoints to objectively characterize the equilibrium moisture status of unsaturated clay subgrade.

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Liao, Renkuan, Wenyong Wu, Yaqi Hu, Qiannan Huang e Hua Yan. "Quantifying moisture availability in soil profiles of cherry orchards under different irrigation regimes". Agricultural Water Management 225 (novembre 2019): 105780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105780.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Orchards soil moisture equilibrium"

Ekanayake, Jagath C. "Soil water movement through swelling soils". Lincoln University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1761.

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The present work is a contribution to description and understanding of the distribution and movement of water in swelling soils. In order to investigate the moisture distribution in swelling soils a detailed knowledge of volume change properties, flow characteristics and total potential of water in the soil is essential. Therefore, a possible volume change mechanism is first described by dividing the swelling soils into four categories and volume change of a swelling soil is measured under different overburden pressures. The measured and calculated (from volume change data) overburden potential components are used to check the validity of the derivation of a load factor, ∝. Moisture diffusivity in swelling soil under different overburden pressures is measured using Gardner's (1956) outflow method. Behaviour of equilibrium moisture profiles in swelling soils is theoretically explained, solving the differential equation by considering the physical variation of individual soil properties with moisture content and overburden pressure. Using the measured volume change data and moisture potentials under various overburden pressures, the behaviour of possible moisture profiles are described at equilibrium and under steady vertical flows in swelling soils. It is shown that high overburden pressures lead to soil water behaviour quite different from any previously reported.

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Mpandeli, Ndivhudzannyi Sylvester. "Two-dimensional soil water evaporation in hedgerow orchards". Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29393.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Orchards soil moisture equilibrium"

Keefer, Robert F. "Effective Water Use—Irrigation". In Handbook of Soils for Landscape Architects. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195121025.003.0010.

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Soils that are suitable for irrigation are deep soils that are permeable and have a high available water-holding capacity (usually containing much organic matter). Limitations for irrigation include presence of restrictive layers (pans), erodible soils, sloping land, susceptibility to stream overflow, salinity or alkalinity, stoniness, and hazard of soil blowing. The amount of plant-available water in a soil depends on rooting depth and soil texture. Coarse textured sands hold much less available water than finer textured clayey soils. Available water increases as the texture becomes finer up to a silt loam. Any soil texture finer than that results in no additional increase in available water. In shallow soils, the rooting depth is limited by the soil depth. In deep soils, root depth is determined by the kind of plants present: . . . Trees and large shrubs 48 inches depth Medium shrubs and vines 40 inches depth Small shrubs and ground cover 24 inches depth . . . A number of techniques can be used to determine when water should be applied to soil in which plants are growing. These techniques include observing the plants, especially for wilting; feeling the soil; using tensiometers or electrical resistance meters installed in the soil; and measuring temperatures of plant leaves. Wilting—When plants begin to lose water they droop and wilting results. If plants remain in this condition very long, they soon die. It is better to water plants before they become wilted. Any plant that is wilted will require some time to reestablish its water equilibrium, thereby slowing the growth of that plant. The amount of moisture in a soil can be roughly estimated by the “feel method”. The degree of moisture can be determined by rolling or squeezing the soil into a ball. The soil moisture condition can be divided into six categories from dry to very wet: . . . a. If a ball will not form → soil is too dry for plants. b. If the ball formed will not crumble when rubbed → soil is too wet for plants. . . .

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Orchards soil moisture equilibrium"

Mokabel, M, A., Aboushal, A e A. "Soil Moisture Equilibrium with Relative Humidity Under Different Constant Temperature for Clay and Calcareous Soil". In 2001 Sacramento, CA July 29-August 1,2001. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.4200.

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Burgener, Landon, Katharine W. Huntington, Ronald S. Sletten, James M. Watkins, Jay Quade e Bernard Hallet. "EQUILIBRIUM FORMATION AND KINETIC ISOTOPE EFFECTS IN SOIL CARBONATES FROM COLD ENVIRONMENTS: THE EFFECTS OF SOIL MOISTURE AND SOIL SEDIMENT SIZE". In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-297922.

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Celmina, Vita, e Vivita Pukite. "ANALYSIS OF REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR DETERMINATION OF SPATIAL CHANGES IN ORCHARDS". In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/15.

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Aim of the paper is to explore the application possibilities of remote sensing data for determination of spatial changes in orchards from 1995 to 2019. In Latvia, many fruit-growing companies have been established around the turn of the century and today have established a solid production base. Although many farms achieve good yields, the average level of productivity in orchards is insufficient. Often the yields are different in the same garden in different places. Remote sensing technology provides tree crown size data. Evaluating garden data would identify sectors with lower increments. When you see specific sectors on the map, they will be surveyed by gardeners looking for factors that have influenced tree growth (soil nutrient content, moisture content, abundant fruit yield, etc.). As a result, average productivity may increase by at least 10%, but in the longer term (5-6 years) by 20-30% Using Latvian Geospatial Information Agency’s available orthophoto and digital surface model (DSM) data, were examined three land units - orchards, where the spatial changes could be observed. The spatial changes can be observed over a longer period of time, therefore there were compared several orthophoto maps, each taken in different period of time. This study is an initial analysis of the data to determine the spatial changes. Future research will further investigate orchards with aerial laser scanning to determine accurate tree crown volumes and develop digital surface models.

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Chen, Wei, e Wei Liu. "Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Convection Heat Transfer in a Lean-To Type Greenhouse". In ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2004-65009.

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In this paper, heat transfer and flow in a lean-to passive solar greenhouse has been studied. A mathematical model based on energy equilibrium and a one-dimensional mathematical model for the unsaturated porous medium have been founded and developed to predict the temperature and moisture content in soil and the enclosed air temperature in the greenhouse. On the condition that plant and massive wall is neglected, the air is mainly heated by the soil surface in the greenhouse, which absorbs the incident solar radiation. With increase in depth, the variation of the temperature and moisture content in soil decreases on account of ambient, and the appearance of the peak temperature in soil postpones. Solar irradiation absorber, heat storage and insulation are the main effects of the north massive wall on greenhouse, which is influenced by the structure and the material. The specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of wall material have a remarkable effect on the north wall temperature. The build-up north wall with thermal insulation material may be chosen for greenhouse. The temperature distribution and gas flow in greenhouse is influenced by the cover material of the inside surface of the north wall. All results should be taken into account for a better design and run of a greenhouse.

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