Articoli di riviste: "OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT"

1

Chien, Hung-Chun. "New Realizations of Single OTRA-Based Sinusoidal Oscillators". Active and Passive Electronic Components 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/938987.

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This study proposes three new sinusoidal oscillators based on an operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA). Each of the proposed oscillator circuits consists of one OTRA combined with a few passive components. The first circuit is an OTRA-based minimum RC oscillator. The second circuit is capable of providing independent control on the condition of oscillation without affecting the oscillation frequency. The third circuit exhibits independent control of oscillation frequency through a capacitor. This study first introduces the OTRA and the related formulations of the proposed oscillator circuits, and then discusses the nonideal effects, sensitivity analyses, and frequency stability of the presented circuits. The proposed oscillators exhibit low sensitivities and good frequency stability. Because the presented circuits feature low impedance output, they can be connected directly to the next stage without cascading additional voltage buffers. HSPICE simulations and experimental results confirm the feasibility of the new oscillator circuits.

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2

Horng, Jiun-Wei. "Quadrature Oscillators Using Operational Amplifiers". Active and Passive Electronic Components 2011 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/320367.

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Two new quadrature oscillator circuits using operational amplifiers are presented. Outputs of two sinusoidal signals with 90° phase difference are available in each circuit configuration. Both proposed quadrature oscillators are based on third-order characteristic equations. The oscillation conditions and oscillation frequencies of the proposed quadrature oscillators are orthogonally controllable. The circuits are implemented using the widely available operational amplifiers which results in low output impedance and high current drive capability. Experimental results are included.

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3

Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher, e Muhammad Haroon Khan. "Grounded Capacitor Oscillators Using A Single Operational Transconductance Amplifier". Active and Passive Electronic Components 19, n. 2 (1996): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1996/17943.

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Abstract (sommario):

New oscillator circuits using operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) are presented. Each circuit uses a single OTA and grounded capacitors. The feasibility of obtaining oscillators with independent control of frequency and oscillation is considered. Also, the feasibility of exploiting, to advantage, the frequency dependence of the OTA-transconductance is considered. This may result in OTA-based RC oscillators using only one externally-connected capacitor.

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4

Abuelmaatti, Muhammad Taher, e Muhammad Ali Al-Qahtani. "Active-Only Sinusoidal Oscillator Circuits". Active and Passive Electronic Components 24, n. 4 (2001): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/69690.

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Two new active-only sinusoidal oscillator circuits are proposed. The first circuit uses one current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) and four operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). The second circuit uses only four OTAs. Without using any external passive elements, voltage (or current) control of the frequency and condition of oscillation, of the two circuits, can be achieved by adjusting the bias currents of the OTAs. The proposed circuits enjoy low sensitivities.

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5

Pathak, J. K. "Two New Single-Resistor-Controlled Quadrature Sinusoidal Oscillators using Current-Differencing-Buffered-Amplifiers". International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 5, n. 2 (2017): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.521716.

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Two new single resistor–controlled quadrature oscillator (SRCQO) circuits using only two current differencing buffered amplifiers (CDBAs) as active elements and only three resistors and two capacitors, are presented. First proposed circuit uses all input terminals of the CDBA to exploit full capacity of the CDBAs, offers better sensitivities with respect to active parameters and has wide frequency range of operation. The second proposed circuit provides very good low frequency performance with respect to total harmonic distortion. Separate single resistors can control both oscillation condition and the oscillation frequency of the proposed quadrature oscillator circuits independently. PSPICE simulation results based upon commercially available AD844 ICs, to construct the CDBAs, are included which confirm the practical workability of the new proposed quadrature oscillator circuits.

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6

Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher. "New Current-Mode Oscillators Using a Single Unity-Gain Current-Follower". Active and Passive Electronic Components 18, n. 3 (1995): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/90218.

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A general circuit for realizing current-mode oscillators using a single negative unity-gain current-follower is presented. Using this circuit new oscillators of this class can be discovered systematically. Simulation results obtained from three new circuits are presented. The feasibility of obtaining a quadrature oscillator is investigated.

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7

Gan, Kwang Jow, Zheng Jie Jiang, Cher Shiung Tsai, Din Yuen Chan, Jian Syong Huang, Zhen Kai Kao e Wen Kuan Yeh. "Design of NDR-Based Oscillators Suitable for the Nano-Based BiCMOS Technique". Applied Mechanics and Materials 328 (giugno 2013): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.328.669.

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We present three oscillator designs using the negative-differential-resistance (NDR) circuit which is composed of several Si-based metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOS) devices and one SiGe-based heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) devices. These oscillator circuits are composed of the NDR circuit, resistor, inductor, and capacitor. The oscillation frequencies are about several GHz based on the HSPICE simulation results. The circuits are designed using a standard 0.18 μm BiCMOS technique. Because our circuits are mainly made of a BiCMOS-NDR circuit that is different from a tradition NDR device made by a resonant tunneling diode with a quantum-well structure, we can utilize the nanobased BiCMOS process to implement these circuits by further improving the parameters.

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8

Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher, Abdulrahman Khalaf Al-Ali, Sami Saud Buhalim e Syed Tauseef Ahmed. "Digitally Programmable Partially Active-R Sinusoidal Oscillators". Active and Passive Electronic Components 17, n. 2 (1994): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/23230.

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New, simple sinusoidal oscillator circuits are proposed. Each circuit uses an internally compensated operational amplifier, a resistor, and a capacitor. The feasibility of obtaining digitally programmable sinusoidal oscillation is studied and a new digitally programmable capacitorless resistorless sinusoidal oscillator is developed.

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9

Wang, San-Fu, Hua-Pin Chen, Yitsen Ku e Chia-Ling Lee. "Versatile Voltage-Mode Biquadratic Filter and Quadrature Oscillator Using Four OTAs and Two Grounded Capacitors". Electronics 9, n. 9 (11 settembre 2020): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091493.

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This article presents a versatile voltage-mode (VM) biquad filter with independently electronic tunability. The proposed structure using one dual-output operational transconductance amplifier, three single-output operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and two grounded capacitors was explored to derive a new VM quadrature oscillator with the independent control of the oscillation frequency and the oscillation condition. The proposed versatile VM biquad filter achieves nearly all of the main advantages: (i) simultaneous realizations of band-reject, band-pass, and low-pass from the same architecture, (ii) multiple-input and multiple-output functions, (iii) independent electronic adjustability of quality factor and resonant angular frequency, (iv) no resistor needed, (v) all input terminals with cascade functions, (vi) no additional inverting amplifier for input signals, (vii) using only grounded capacitors, and (viii) easy to implement a VM quadrature oscillator with independent electronically controlled oscillation frequency and oscillation condition. The proposed versatile VM biquad filter employs only four OTAs and two grounded capacitors. The active components of the proposed VM biquad filter are one less than that of recent reports. The proposed circuit also brings versatility and simplicity to the design of VM biquad filters and VM quadrature oscillators. Filters and oscillators with less active and passive components have the advantages of low cost, low power dissipation, low circuit complexity, and low noise. Commercially available integrated circuit LT1228 and discrete components can be used to implement the proposed OTA-based circuits. The simulation and experiment results validated the theoretical analysis.

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10

I'msaddak, Lobna, Dalenda Ben Issa, Abdennaceur Kachouri, Mounir Samet e Hekmet Samet. "Infrared Oscillators in Conventional Carbon Nanotube FET Technology". Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 24, n. 04 (4 marzo 2015): 1550053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812661550053x.

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This paper presents the design of C-CNTFET oscillator's arrays for infrared 'IR' technology. These arrays are contained by both of the LC-tank and the voltage control 'coupled N- and P-type C-CNTFET LC-tank' oscillators. In this paper, the analysis of the impact of CNT diameter variations and the nonlinear capacitances (C GD and C GS ) were introduced, especially on propagation time, oscillation frequency and power consumption. The C-CNTFET inverter, ring oscillator, LC-tank and coupled N- and P-type C-CNTFET LC-tank oscillator structures were designed and their speeding and performances have been investigated with the proposed n-type of C-CNTFET model supplied by a 0.5 V power voltage. Simulation results show that the n- and p-types LC-tank oscillator circuit designs achieved an approximately equal oscillation frequency, response time and power consumption. Whereas the coupled N- and P-type C-CNTFET LC-tank oscillator has the lowest power consumption equal to 0.13 μW, the highest oscillation frequency (10.08 THz) and the fastest response time (1.81 ps).

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11

Liu, Rui Hong, e Chih Hsiung Shen. "A High Resolution Vernier Ring Oscillator with Ultra-Low Temperature Drift". Advanced Materials Research 542-543 (giugno 2012): 795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.542-543.795.

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Nowadays, the precise measurement of the time interval between two events with very fine timing resolution is common challenge in the test and measurement instrumentation. This paper present a new high resolution vernier ring oscillator(VRO), which can measures the clock jitter as the operation temperature rises.The goal of this work focuses on the design of a TDC of temperature stable oscillator and we propose an ultra-low temperature drift of a differential delay cell oscillator based on a proportional to absolute temperature(PTAT) compensation methodology. It is very desirable to have a single integrated circuit producing a stable high resolution timing circuit over a wide temperature range developed in a standard CMOS process. By the simple concept of vernier delay line and two ring oscillators, the proposed can achieve a fine time resolution with wide working temperature. For each channel of ring oscillator, the relative delay time is fine tuned by an external VBIAS input. From 25°Cto 45°C, the maximum error percent of delay time without compensation circuits is more than 2.9%, but it with compensation circuits is less than 0.3%. The different operating temperature will affect entire circuit and the delay time of ring oscillator. A compensation circuit to reduce the variety of ring oscillator is also added. The new architecture of high resolution TDC with temperature compensated circuit is proven to be applicable in high precision clock applications which is analyzed and implemented in a CMOS 0.18μm 1P6M process.

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12

Kumngern, Montree. "Current-Controlled Current-Mode Quadrature Oscillator Using Translinear Current Conveyors". IJITEE (International Journal of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering) 3, n. 1 (13 settembre 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijitee.40875.

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In this paper, a current-mode quadrature oscillator using second-generation current conveyors (CCIIs) is presented. The proposed oscillator consists of two CCIIs, two grounded capacitors and two grounded resistors. The circuit is suitable for integrated circuit implementation by using grounded capacitors. In addition, a new current-controlled current-mode quadrature oscillator using two current controlled second generation current conveyors (CCCIIs) and two grounded capacitors can be obtained by replacing CCIIs and resistors series at X terminals with CCCIIs. The condition of oscillation and frequency of oscillation can be orthogonally controlled. The frequency of oscillation can be controlled by grounded resistors and external bias currents. The proposed circuits have been simulated by SPICE simulations. The simulation results are confirmed the proposed theory.

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13

Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher. "An Emitter Follower Sinusoidal Oscillator Circuit". International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 32, n. 3 (luglio 1995): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099503200307.

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An emitter follower sinusoidal oscillator circuit An emitter-follower oscillator circuit is analysed. Expressions for the frequency of oscillation and the condition of oscillation are obtained. Experimental results which confirm the theory are presented.

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14

Pandiev, Ivailo Milanov. "Development of Two-Stage Quartz-Crystal Oscillators Using Monolithic Four-Terminal CFOAs". Electronics 11, n. 19 (23 settembre 2022): 3027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193027.

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In this article, based on the well-known circuits of two-stage quartz-crystal oscillators, three electronic circuits with a small number of external components are presented. For the proposed circuit configurations, the active elements are composed of monolithic current-feedback operational amplifiers (CFOAs) with access to terminal z, between the first stage (positive second-generation current conveyor (CCII)) and the second stage (output buffer). In this way, the output signal for the developed circuits is obtained after the output buffer of the second CFOA, thereby providing a minimal effect on the resonant circuit of the oscillators. Based on a theoretical analysis of the operational principle for the proposed circuits, the linear characteristic equations and the related self-oscillation conditions are obtained. Moreover, the frequency stability coefficients are determined, which can be obtained with larger values compared to the coefficients of the known discrete transistor circuits. To verify the operability and efficiency of the proposed oscillator circuits, experimental results obtained from sample electronic circuits are presented, which confirm the analyses performed in the frequency range up to about 10 MHz.

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15

Almatroud, Othman Abdullah, Victor Kamdoum Tamba, Giuseppe Grassi e Viet-Thanh Pham. "An Oscillator without Linear Terms: Infinite Equilibria, Chaos, Realization, and Application". Mathematics 9, n. 24 (20 dicembre 2021): 3315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9243315.

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Oscillations and oscillators appear in various fields and find applications in numerous areas. We present an oscillator with infinite equilibria in this work. The oscillator includes only nonlinear elements (quadratic, absolute, and cubic ones). It is different from common oscillators, in which there are linear elements. Special features of the oscillator are suitable for secure applications. The oscillator’s dynamics have been discovered via simulations and an electronic circuit. Chaotic attractors, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, and the boosting feature are presented while measurements of the implemented oscillator are reported by using an oscilloscope. We introduce a random number generator using such an oscillator, which is applied in biomedical image encryption. Moreover, the security and performance analysis are considered to confirm the correctness of encryption and decryption processes.

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16

Lu, Yimin, Xianfeng Huang, Shaobin He, Dongdong Wang e Bo Zhang. "Memristor Based van der Pol Oscillation Circuit". International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 24, n. 12 (dicembre 2014): 1450154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127414501545.

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The memristor is referred to as the fourth fundamental passive circuit element of which inherent nonlinear properties offer to construct the chaos circuits. In this paper, a flux-controlled memristor circuit is developed, and then a van der Pol oscillator is implemented based on this new memristor circuit. The stability of the circuit, the occurring conditions of Hopf bifurcation and limit circle of the self-excited oscillation are analyzed; meanwhile, under the condition of the circuit with an external exciting source, the circuit exhibits a complicated nonlinear dynamic behavior, and chaos occurs within a certain parameter set. The memristor based van der Pol oscillator, furthermore, has been created by an analog circuit utilizing active elements, and there is a good agreement between the circuit responses and numerical simulations of the van der Pol equation. In the consequence, a new approach has been proposed to generate chaos within a nonautonomous circuit system.

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17

Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher, e Muhammad Haroon Khan. "On The Realization of Low/High Frequency CCII+ Based Oscillators Employing Grounded Resistors and Lossy Capacitors". Active and Passive Electronic Components 17, n. 4 (1995): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/19804.

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New RC oscillator circuits are presented. Each circuit uses two second-generation positive current-conveyors, three grounded capacitors and four grounded resistors. The circuits enjoy independent control of the frequency and the condition of oscillation and are very attractive for integration. The circuits can realize high and low frequencies of oscillation. Simulation results are included.

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18

SOLIMAN, AHMED M. "GENERATION OF THIRD-ORDER QUADRATURE OSCILLATOR CIRCUITS USING NAM EXPANSION". Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 22, n. 07 (agosto 2013): 1350060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126613500606.

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A systematic synthesis procedure for generating third-order grounded passive element quadrature oscillators is given. The synthesis procedure is based on using nodal admittance matrix (NAM) expansion applied to the Y matrix of a recently reported three Op Amp third-order oscillator circuit. Four new circuits using current conveyors (CCII) are reported. In addition four more new circuits using inverting current conveyors (ICCII) are also given. Many more quadrature third-order oscillator circuits using combinations of CCII and ICCII can be obtained. Simulation results demonstrating the practicality of one of the generated circuits are included.

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19

Liang, Yan, Zeng Fu Zhang, Wen Liang Chen e Ke Xin Xu. "Study of the Composite Oscillator of Particulate Monitoring Instrument Based on TEOM". Applied Mechanics and Materials 678 (ottobre 2014): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.678.274.

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The effects of atmospheric particulates were more prominent in recent years, so accurate monitoring of particulate matter was a problem needed to resolve. In the existing particulate monitoring instrument based on the principle of Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance method (TEOM),the particle concentration detection system was tapered quartz tube simple harmonic oscillator. Due to the oscillator relying mainly on analog circuit closed-loop self-excitation oscillator to drive, loop resonance frequency, oscillation stability and Q value was greatly influenced by the oscillator physical characteristics and the interference of mechanical structure and circuit design parameters. And oscillation frequency must be read by the digital circuit frequency detection system, then figured out the corresponding quality. In this paper, we studied a kind of composite oscillator tube which can overcome the lack of stability in the existing technology and reduce the impact of coexistence at the same time of digital circuit and analog circuit. And oscillator frequency step precision raised almost an order of magnitude compared with the national standard detection accuracy of 10ug.

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20

Kulapong, Worawut, Winai Jaikla, Surapong Siripongdee, Roman Sotner, Peerawut Suwanjan e Amornchai Chaichana. "A New Method to Synthesise the Sinusoidal Oscillator Based on Series Negative Resistance-Capacitance and its Implementation Using a Single Commercial IC, LT1228". Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 29, n. 3 (27 giugno 2023): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.33844.

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An alternative method for synthesising the sinusoidal oscillator based on series negative resistance-capacitance is presented in this paper. The proposed topology is constructed with the series negative resistance-capacitance circuit connected in parallel with a grounded resistor and capacitor. To validate the proposed method, a new grounded series negative resistance-capacitance simulator is also proposed as a subcircuit for synthesising the sinusoidal oscillator. The series negative resistance-capacitance simulator is based on a commercially available integrated circuit (IC), LT1228. The equivalent negative resistance and equivalent negative capacitance can be adjusted electronically using an external DC bias current. The sinusoidal oscillator that is synthesised using the proposed method consists of a single LT1228, two capacitors, and three resistors. The frequency and the condition of the oscillation are orthogonally adjusted. Also, the condition of oscillation is electronically controlled. The amplitude of the sinusoidal waveform is adjustable. In addition, the output voltage node of the proposed oscillator has a low impedance, which allows it to connect to other circuits without using an additional buffer. Both PSPICE simulation and experiment are used to validate the proposed circuits.

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21

Wang, San-Fu, e Hua-Pin Chen. "New Voltage-Mode Sinusoidal Oscillators Using VDIBAs". Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, n. 04 (24 maggio 2019): 2050052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620500528.

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This paper presents two new voltage-mode sinusoidal oscillators based on voltage differencing inverting buffered amplifier (VDIBA). The first proposed circuit exhibits independent and electronic control of oscillation condition by using the bias current of the VDIBA. The proposed configuration contains only single VDIBA, two grounded capacitors and two resistors, which are the least number of active components and the minimum number of passive components necessary for realizing voltage-mode oscillator topology. The second proposed circuit exhibits independent and electronic control on the condition of oscillation without affecting the oscillation frequency by adjusting the separate bias currents of the VDIBAs. The proposed configuration contains two VDIBAs, two grounded capacitors and one resistor, which can provide four quadrature voltage outputs simultaneously. Both proposed circuits enjoy only two grounded capacitors, which are suitable for monolithic integration. HSpice simulations and experimental results are included to confirm the theoretical analysis.

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MEYRAND, PIERRE, e MAURICE MOULINS. "Phylogenetic Plasticity of Crustacean Stomatogastric Circuits: II. Extrinsic Inputs to the Pyloric Circuit of the Shrimp Palaemon Serratus". Journal of Experimental Biology 138, n. 1 (1 settembre 1988): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.138.1.133.

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The rhythmic motor patterns produced by the pyloric circuit of the shrimp Palaemon are substantially different from those of large decapods, although the homologous neuronal circuits are very similar (Meyrand & Moulins, 1988). The extrinsic inputs received by the Palaemon pyloric circuit were similar, at least qualitatively, to the extrinsic inputs known to impinge upon the pyloric circuit of large decapods. These include: rhythmic inputs that descend from another oscillator (the commissural pyloric oscillator, CPO) which appears to impose its own rhythm on neurones of the pyloric circuit; and inputs that have long-lasting effects and control the expression of endogenous burst-generating properties of individual neurones within the circuit via modulatory mechanisms. The AB—PD neurones were not observed to oscillate, and so do not appear to act as pacemakers for the pyloric circuit as they do in large decapods, probably because of differences in the organization of the modulatory extrinsic inputs. It is our conclusion that differences in the control of expression of intrinsic properties of neurones of homologous (and structurally similar) circuits belonging to related species can explain how such circuits produce widely different patterned motor outputs.

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Zhang, Lei, e Zhong Ming Pan. "Dual-Mode Quadrature Oscillator Using Current Follower Transconductance Amplifiers for GMI Sensors". Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (giugno 2013): 1886–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.1886.

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For designing GMI sensors, realization of current/voltage-mode (dual-mode) quadrature sinusoidal oscillator with the employment of current follower transconductance amplifier (CFTA) as the active component is presented. The proposed circuit configuration comprising two CFTAs, one grounded resistor and two grounded capacitors can simultaneously provide two explicit quadrature output currents and two quadrature output voltages. Moreover, the proposed circuit topology enjoys the advantage of independent control of the condition of oscillation and frequency of oscillation and good active and passive sensitivity performances. The functionality of the proposed quadrature oscillators has been verified by PSPICE simulations.

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Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher, e Muhammad Haroon Khan. "New Electronically-Tunable Oscillator Circuit Using Only Two OTAs". Active and Passive Electronic Components 20, n. 4 (1998): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/63168.

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Abstract (sommario):

New oscillator circuit using two operational transconductance amplifiers and grounded capacitors is presented. The oscillator circuit enjoys independent control of the frequency and the condition of oscillation. Experimental results confirming the presented theory are included.

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Lei, Yu, e Jian Feng Ai. "Application of Negative Resistance in the Inductor Feedback Oscillators Based on Multisim". Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (maggio 2014): 1898–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.1898.

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By analyzing three-point oscillator of inductance feedback with the loss resistance of the inductor,we found the loss resistance of the inductor is a major factor in affecting circuit performance. Negative resistance in series with loss resistance can offset the impact of the loss resistance in the circuit. Oscillation circuit Start-up easilier. The quality factor Q increases and the selectivity is better.The oscillation shape closer to the ideal oscillator.

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Prochaska, M., A. Belski e W. Mathis. "Design and Analysis of Fully Integrated Differential VCOs". Advances in Radio Science 3 (13 maggio 2005): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-3-359-2005.

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Abstract. Oscillators play a decisive role for electronic equipment in many fields - like communication, navigation or data processing. Especially oscillators are key building blocks in integrated transceivers for wired and wireless communication systems. In this context the study of fully integrated differential VCOs has received attention. In this paper we present an analytic analysis of the steady state oscillation of integrated differential VCOs which is based on a nonlinear model of the oscillator. The outcomes of this are design formulas for the amplitude as well as the stability of the oscillator which take the nonlinearity of the circuit into account.

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Summart, Saksit, Supawadee Sirithai, Bongkan Vaisopha e Adirek Jantakun. "Electronically Controlled Biquadratic Filter and Quadrature Oscillator Using CDTAs". International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation 12, n. 4 (12 maggio 2022): 322–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2022.8230.

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This article presents a current-mode biquadratic filter and quadrature oscillator circuit based on current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CDTAs). The proposed circuit does not require changing the circuit topology. In addition to the low-pass filter, high-pass filter, band-pass filter, and sinusoidal quadrature signal, the proposed circuit has a pole frequency that can be controlled independently from the quality factor, while the oscillation frequency can be controlled non-interactively. The circuit impedance with high output can directly drive the load without using a current buffer. Furthermore, grounded capacitors can function without the use of external resistors. This qualification is ideal for the future development of integrated circuits (ICs). After the PSPICE simulation with 90 nm CMOS parameters and the experiments by commercial ICs, the results are consistent with the theoretical analysis of the proposed circuit.

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Sato, Ryoichi, Yuta Kodera, Md Arshad Ali, Takuya Kusaka, Yasuyuki Nogami e Robert H. Morelos-Zaragoza. "Consideration for Affects of an XOR in a Random Number Generator Using Ring Oscillators". Entropy 23, n. 9 (5 settembre 2021): 1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23091168.

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A cloud service to offer entropy has been paid much attention to. As one of the entropy sources, a physical random number generator is used as a true random number generator, relying on its irreproducibility. This paper focuses on a physical random number generator using a field-programmable gate array as an entropy source by employing ring oscillator circuits as a representative true random number generator. This paper investigates the effects of an XOR gate in the oscillation circuit by observing the output signal period. It aims to reveal the relationship between inputs and the output through the XOR gate in the target generator. The authors conduct two experiments to consider the relevance. It is confirmed that combining two ring oscillators with an XOR gate increases the complexity of the output cycle. In addition, verification using state transitions showed that the probability of the state transitions was evenly distributed by increasing the number of ring oscillator circuits.

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Ishimura, Kazuyoshi, e Isao T. Tokuda. "Limited Effect of Noise Injection on Synchronization of Crystal Oscillators". Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, n. 02 (9 maggio 2019): 2050026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620500267.

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Experimental study on noise-induced synchronization of crystal oscillators is presented. Two types of circuits were constructed: one consists of two Pierce oscillators that were isolated from each other and received a common noise input, while the other is based on a single Pierce oscillator that received a same sequence of noise signal repeatedly. Due to frequency detuning between the two Pierce oscillators, the first circuit showed no clear sign of noise-induced synchronization. The second circuit, on the other hand, generated coherent waveforms between different trials of the same noise injection. The waveform coherence was, however, broken immediately after the noise injection was terminated. Stronger perturbation such as the voltage resetting was finally shown to be effective to induce phase shifts, leading to phase synchronization of the Pierce oscillator. Our study presents a guideline for utilizing noise to synchronize clocks of multiple CPU systems, distributed sensor networks, and other engineering devices.

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Horng, Jiun-Wei. "Current-Mode Third-Order Quadrature Oscillator Using CDTAs". Active and Passive Electronic Components 2009 (2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/789171.

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Abstract (sommario):

This paper describes a current-mode third-order quadrature oscillator based on current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CDTAs). Outputs of two current-mode sinusoids with90°phase difference are available in the quadrature oscillator circuit. The oscillation condition and oscillation frequency are orthogonal controllable. The proposed circuit employs only grounded capacitors and is ideal for integration. Simulation results are included to confirm the theoretical analysis.

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31

Ullah, Farman, Yu Liu, Zhiqiang Li, Xiaosong Wang, Muhammad Sarfraz e Haiying Zhang. "A Bandwidth-Enhanced Differential LC-Voltage Controlled Oscillator (LC-VCO) and Superharmonic Coupled Quadrature VCO for K-Band Applications". Electronics 7, n. 8 (25 luglio 2018): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7080127.

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A novel varactor circuit exhibiting a wider tuning range and a new technique for quadrature coupling of LC-Voltage Controlled Oscillator (LC-VCO) is presented and validated on a 25 GHz oscillator. The proposed varactor circuit employs distribute-biased parallel varactors with a series inductor connected at both ends of the varactor bank to extend the tuning range of the oscillator. Similarly, the quadrature coupling is accomplished by employing the 2nd harmonic, explicitly generated in the stand-alone free-running differential oscillator using frequency doubler. As an example, the Differential VCO (DVCO) is tunable between 20 GHz and 31 GHz and exhibits the best Phase Noise (PN) of −100 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency. Similarly, the Quadrature VCO (QVCO) covers 42% tuning bandwidth around 25 GHz oscillation frequency, which is significantly wider than other state-of-the-art VCOs at comparable frequencies. In addition, all the oscillators are designed in class-C to further improve their performances both in term of low power and low phase noise. The presented oscillators are designed using high-performance SiGe HBTs of the GlobalFoundries (GFs) 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS 8HP process. The presented DVCO and QVCO draw currents of approximately 10 mA and 21 mA, respectively from a 1.2 V supply.

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32

Li, Yon Gan, Zhan Ting Fan e Xuan Ni Zhang. "A New Current-Mode Multiphase Sinusoidal Oscillator Using Adjoint Op-Amp". Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (giugno 2012): 486–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.486.

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In order to get current-mode multiphase sinusoidal oscillator with high frequency, high accuracy, high stability and easy to be integrated, a multiphase sinusoidal oscillator circuit is presented. The oscillator can produce N output-currents (N being even or odd) with equal-amplitude and equal- phase spaced. The circuit uses adjoint Op-Amp, grounded capacitors and enjoys low passive sensitivities. The oscillation condition and frequency for the oscillator can be tuned independently. The simulated results are illustrated.

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33

Pandey, Rajeshwari, Neeta Pandey, Mayank Bothra e Sajal K. Paul. "Operational Transresistance Amplifier-Based Multiphase Sinusoidal Oscillators". Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/586853.

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Abstract (sommario):

Multiphase sinusoidal oscillator circuits are presented which utilize Operational Transresistance Amplifier (OTRA) as the active element. The first circuit producesnodd-phase oscillations of equal amplitudes and equally spaced in phase. The second circuit is capable of producingnodd- or even- phase oscillations equally spaced in phase. An alternative approach is discussed in the third circuit, which utilizes a single-phase tunable oscillator circuit which is used to inject signals into a phase shifter circuits. An automatic gain control (AGC) circuit has been implemented for the second and third circuit. The circuits are simple to realize and have a low component count. PSPICE simulations have been given to verify the theoretical analysis. The experimental outcome corroborates the theoretical propositions and simulated results.

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Hernández, Silvia, Mabel Pontón, Sergio Sancho e Almudena Suárez. "Analysis of high-order sub-harmonically injection-locked oscillators". International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 12, n. 8 (25 giugno 2020): 695–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078720000768.

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AbstractHigh-order sub-harmonically injection-locked oscillators have recently been proposed for low phase-noise frequency generation, with carrier-selection capabilities. Though excellent experimental behavior has been demonstrated, the analysis/simulation of these circuits is demanding, due to the high ratio between the oscillation frequency and the frequency of the input source. This work provides an analysis methodology that covers the main aspects of the circuit behavior, including the detection of the locking bands and the prediction of the phase-noise spectral density. Initially, the oscillator in the presence of a multi-harmonic input source is described with a reduced-order envelope-domain formulation, at the oscillation frequency, based on an oscillator-admittance function extracted from harmonic-balance simulations. This allows deriving an expression for the oscillation phase shift with respect to the input source, and the average of this phase shift is shown to evolve continuously in the distinct synchronization bands obtained when varying a tuning voltage. This property can be used to detect the locking bands in circuit-level envelope-domain simulations, which, as shown here, can be done through different Fourier decompositions and sampling rates. The phase noise of the high-order sub-harmonic injection-locked oscillator under an arbitrary periodic input waveform is investigated in detail. The frequency response to the noise sources is described with a semi-analytical formulation, relying on the oscillator-admittance function in injection-locked conditions. The input noise is derived from the timing jitter of the injection source and the phase-noise response is shown to exhibit a low-pass characteristic, which initially follows the up-converted input noise and then the oscillator own noise sources. A method is proposed to identify the key parameters of the derived phase-noise spectrum from envelope-domain simulations. The various analysis methodologies have been applied to a prototype at 2.7 GHz at the sub-harmonic order N = 30 which has been manufactured and measured.

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Cicekli, Hasan, e Ahmet Gokcen. "MOS-C Based Electronically Tuneable Current/Voltage-Mode Third Order Quadrature Oscillator and Biquadratic Filter Realization". Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 27, n. 3 (28 giugno 2021): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.28921.

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Abstract (sommario):

This paper introduces a new electronically tuneable third order quadrature oscillator and biquadratic filter with MOS-C realization using all grounded passive components. Voltage-mode second order low-pass, high-pass, band-pass filters using second generation current conveyor and a current/voltage-mode third order quadrature sinusoidal oscillator using multi-output second generation current conveyor are synthesized from the proposed circuit topology. All synthesized circuits are compatible with integration and the center frequency can be electronically tuned by the gate voltage of the MOS transistors. The proposed circuits do not need any component matching condition. Oscillation condition and frequency of oscillation can be independently controlled. Workability of the proposed circuits is validated by PSPICE software using 0.18 micrometer MOSIS CMOS process parameters at ±0.9 V supply voltage. Tuneability of the oscillator is demonstrated for a tested frequency range both in voltage-mode and current-mode operations.

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Lan, Di, Julio Dewdney, I.-Tsang Wu, Ivan Rivera, Adrian Avila e Jing Wang. "Dual-frequency MEMS based Oscillator using a single ZnO-on-SOI Resonator". International Symposium on Microelectronics 2015, n. 1 (1 ottobre 2015): 000740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2015-poster5.

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In this paper, an oscillator technology with high-Q MEMS resonator as its tank circuit is presented to validate its key functionality as a stable frequency reference across a wide spectrum of frequencies. Particularly, a piezoelectrically-transduced contour-mode MEMS resonator is strategically designed to operate at two distinct layout-defined mechanical modal frequencies (259.5MHz and 436.7MHz). These devices were characterized and modeled by an extracted equivalent LCR circuit to facilitate the design of the oscillator using a standard circuit simulator. For this preliminary study, the MEMS resonators have been integrated with the sustaining amplifier circuit at PCB level using wire-bonding technique and coaxial connectors. As shown by the time-domain measurements, these oscillators are capable of selectively locking into the resonance frequency of the constituent MEMS resonator to generate a stable sinusoidal waveform with peak-to-peak amplitude of 4.6V at 259.5 MHz and 2.3V at 436.7 MHz, respectively. Meanwhile, the fundamental oscillation frequency and it harmonics can be easily observed in a measured frequency-domain spectrum.

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Summatta, Chuthong, e Weera Rattanangam. "The reduction of input open-fault in a CMOS Schmitt-Trigger inverter". SNRU Journal of Science and Technology 14, n. 2 (1 maggio 2022): 245040. http://dx.doi.org/10.55674/snrujst.v14i2.245040.

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Abstract (sommario):

The failure of the CMOS Schmitt-trigger inverter open-fault and capacitor open-fault in the case of a CMOS Schmitt-trigger inverter oscillator circuit cause a self-oscillation of the device. It leads to the high frequency to be emitted on the output side, because the balance of internal smaller parasitic capacitance approximately 5 – 20 pF. In this article, the reduction of CMOS Schmitt-trigger inverter open-fault and capacitor open-fault in the case of a CMOS Schmitt-trigger inverter oscillator circuit is presented, by adding a capacitor between the Gate pin and Drain pin of Q1 by demonstration illusion of an equivalent circuit. This causes the internal parasitic capacitance to unbalance, then the self-oscillation in the case of input open-fault will not accord. Besides in the case of an oscillator circuit, the feedback resistor is not combined with the internal parasitic capacitance. However, it is combined it is with the added capacitance, the higher frequency self-oscillation does not occur. The circuit was tested with a PSPICE computer simulation program.

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Maheshwari, S. "Realization Approach for Sinusoidal Signal Generation and Circuit with Easy Control". Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, n. 02 (10 maggio 2019): 2050031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620500310.

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A new approach for realizing sinusoidal signal with quadrature property is proposed, which employs simple analog building blocks and facilitates easy tuning of the oscillation frequency, through a gain factor. The proposed approach is used for realizing a novel quadrature oscillator circuit, which requires three current feedback operational amplifiers and passive components. The proposed circuit provides outputs at low impedance terminals, and benefits from easy control over the frequency of oscillation (FO), which depends on resistive ratio, rather than absolute resistor values. The frequency control is also independent of the condition of oscillation (CO). The nonideal effects and the parasitic studies are presented. The verification of the proposed realization scheme for quadrature oscillators and the new circuit is carried out through both simulation studies and experimental results, using the commercially available chips.

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Dash, Sandeep K., Bishnu Prasad De, Pravin K. Samanta, Bhargav Appasani, Rajib Kar, Durbadal Mandal e Nicu Bizon. "Optimal Design of Voltage Reference Circuit and Ring Oscillator Circuit Using Multiobjective Differential Evolution Algorithm". Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2023 (8 agosto 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7621594.

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This paper deals with the optimal design of different VLSI circuits, namely, the CMOS voltage reference circuit and the CMOS ring oscillator (RO). The optimization technique used here is the multiobjective differential evolution algorithm (MDEA). All the circuits are designed for 90 nm technology. The main objective of the CMOS voltage reference circuit is to minimize the voltage variation at the output. The targeted value of the reference voltage is 550 mV. A CMOS ring oscillator (RO) is designed depending on the performance parameters such as power consumption and phase noise. The optimal transistor sizing of each circuit is obtained from MDEA. Each circuit is implemented in SPICE by taking the optimal dimensions of the transistors, and the performance parameters are achieved. The designed voltage reference circuit achieves a reference voltage of 550 mV with 600 nW power dissipation. The reference voltage variation of 8.18% is observed due to temperature variation from −40°C to + 125°C. The MDEA-based optimal design of RO oscillates at 2.001 GHz frequency, has a phase noise of −87 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency, and consumes 71 μW power. This work mainly aims to optimize the MOS transistors’ sizes using MDEA for better circuit performance parameters. SPICE simulation has been carried out by using the optimal values of MOS transistor sizes to exhibit the performance parameters of the circuit. Simulation results establish that design specifications are closely met. SPICE results show that MDEA is a better technique for the optimal design of the above-mentioned VLSI circuits.

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40

Savelyev, S. V., e L. A. Morozova. "HIGH POWER CHAOTIC OSCILLATOR". Electronic engineering Series 2 Semiconductor devices 259, n. 4 (2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36845/2073-8250-2020-259-4-31-36.

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The article presents a novel design of a microwave chaotic oscillator. The oscillator contains an inertial converter for the nonlinear amplifier output signal that modulates the supply voltage of the transistor. When the inertia of the converter becomes less than 0.06, the oscillator demonstrates chaotic behavior. We present an experimental model of a chaotic oscillator based on a high power transistor 2T982A-2. The inertial converter circuit contains a diode that perform half-wave conversion of a part of the output signal and a RC circuit with a time constant equal to 0.05 of the duration of an oscillation at the central frequency of the oscillator. The output signal of the inertial converter has been applied to the emitter power supply circuit of the transistor. Modulation of the supply voltage caused the output signal of the oscillator to become a sequence of non-repeating oscillation trains with a random duration and initial phase. The frequency band of the generated chaos with an uneven power spectrum of 4 dB was in a range from 3.1 to 3.3 GHz with an integrated power of 1.2 W. The averaged spectral density of noise oscillations was 6 10-3 W / MHz. Efficiency of the oscillator was 15%.

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Petrashin, Pablo, Luis Toledo, Walter Lancioni, Piotr Osuch e Tinus Stander. "Oscillation-Based Test Applied to a Wideband CCII". VLSI Design 2017 (24 maggio 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5075103.

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Oscillation-based testing (OBT) has been proven to be a simple, yet effective VLSI test for numerous circuit types. This paper investigates, for the first time, the application of OBT verification for second generation current conveyors (CCIIs). The OBT is formed by connecting the CCII into a simple Wien bridge oscillator and monitoring both the amplitude and frequency of oscillation. The fault detection rate, taking into account both the open and short circuit fault simulation analyses, indicates 96.34% fault coverage using a combination of amplitude and frequency output sensing in all technology corners. The only nondetected faults are short circuits between VDD and VSS, which can be detected using other techniques such as IDDQ testing. This method is found to be sensitive to resistor and capacitor process variation in the Wien bridge oscillator, but mitigating test steps are proposed.

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Channumsin, Orapin, e Worapong Tangsrirat. "Voltage Differencing Gain Amplifier-Based Sinusoidal Quadrature Oscillator Using Only Two Grounded Capacitors". Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 12, n. 5 (28 ottobre 2019): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096512666181219121941.

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Background: This article describes the circuit construction of the sinusoidal quadrature oscillator using two Voltage Differencing Gain Amplifiers (VDGAs) as active devices. Methods: Since the presented oscillator circuit uses only two external grounded capacitors as passive elements, it is quite suitable for monolithic integration point of view. The condition of oscillation and the frequency of oscillation are non-interactive, and can be controlled electronically by tuning two separate biasing currents. Non-ideal analysis and sensitivity performance are also discussed. Results: The feasibility of the designed oscillator is justified by the PSPICE simulation results based on TSMC 0.35-µm CMOS process parameters. Conclusion: The effects of the VDGA non-idealities on the proposed circuit are also provided, and the computer simulations based on TSMC 0.35-mm CMOS model parameters are included to evaluate the performance of the circuit.

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Abuelmaatti, Muhammad Taher. "Active-Only Sinusoidal Oscillator with Electronically-Tunable Fully-Uncoupled Frequency and Condition of Oscillation". Active and Passive Electronic Components 24, n. 4 (2001): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/27076.

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A new active-only sinusoidal oscillator is presented. The oscillator circuit uses two internally compensated operational amplifiers, two plus-type second-generation current conveyors and three operational transconductance amplifiers. The proposed circuit enjoys the attractive features of totally uncoupled frequency and condition of oscillation, low sensitivities, electronic tunability and integratability.

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Krizhanovski, V. G. "Current state and development trends of class E oscillators: an overview". Radiotekhnika, n. 212 (28 marzo 2023): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/rt.2023.1.212.12.

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An analysis of the current state of power generators of the class E family was carried out. They include classes: inverse E (E-1), with an injection of harmonics – class EM, hybrid classes E/Fn and EFn, including those built based on an active distributed transformer scheme. New developments of such oscillators over the past five years are considered. Significant progress has been made in the development of new feedback schemes. The study of oscillator schemes with power summation and the use of synchronized oscillators is considered. In connection with the appearance of new active devices, circuits using additional active elements – drivers of powerful transistors and the use of two-stroke circuits for the construction of a class E oscillator key are spreading. The proposed classification of oscillators is based on the principle of building an output circuit and a feedback circuit, the morphological table of types is constructed class E oscillators. The principles of operation and characteristics of some new schemes of class E oscillators and their parameters are considered. The trends in the development of class E generators are determined, the main of which is the design of generators for operation in radio engineering systems and matching their parameters with the needs of such systems, as well as in systems of power (industrial) electronics, wireless energy transmission, biomedical and information systems. This is done in accordance with the trend of increasing the oscillator signal parameters while maintaining high efficiency. The variety of power levels, frequencies, and type of performance of class E oscillators is preserved and expanded, in the form of integrated circuits, which allows increasing the parameters of transmitters, sensors, and systems of compatible energy and information transmission.

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SUMMART, SAKSIT, CHANCHAI THONGSOPA e WINAI JAIKLA. "DUAL-OUTPUT CURRENT DIFFERENCING TRANSCONDUCTANCE AMPLIFIERS-BASED CURRENT-MODE SINUSOIDAL QUADRATURE OSCILLATORS". Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 23, n. 06 (14 maggio 2014): 1450084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126614500844.

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This paper presents three current-mode quadrature oscillator (QO) circuits based on dual-output current differencing transconductance amplifier (DO-CDTA) which is designed from block diagram. The proposed circuits consist of two DO-CDTAs and two grounded capacitors. The circuits can provide two sinusoidal output currents with 90° phase difference. The condition of oscillation (CO) can be adjusted independently from the frequency of oscillation (FO) by adjusting the bias currents of the DO-CDTA. The proposed circuits have high output impedance appropriate for cascade connection application in current mode which is capable to directly drive load. The circuits use only grounded capacitors without any external resistor which is very appropriate for further development into an integrated circuit. Moreover, the oscillator circuits can also adjust amplitude of the output signal. The results of PSPICE simulation program are corresponding to the theoretical analysis.

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Boriskov, Petr, Andrei Velichko, Nikolay Shilovsky e Maksim Belyaev. "Bifurcation and Entropy Analysis of a Chaotic Spike Oscillator Circuit Based on the S-Switch". Entropy 24, n. 11 (19 novembre 2022): 1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24111693.

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This paper presents a model and experimental study of a chaotic spike oscillator based on a leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron, which has a switching element with an S-type current-voltage characteristic (S-switch). The oscillator generates spikes of the S-switch in the form of chaotic pulse position modulation driven by the feedback with rate coding instability of LIF neuron. The oscillator model with piecewise function of the S-switch has resistive feedback using a second order filter. The oscillator circuit is built on four operational amplifiers and two field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) that form an S-switch based on a Schmitt trigger, an active RC filter and a matching amplifier. We investigate the bifurcation diagrams of the model and the circuit and calculate the entropy of oscillations. For the analog circuit, the “regular oscillation-chaos” transition is analysed in a series of tests initiated by a step voltage in the matching amplifier. Entropy values are used to estimate the average time for the transition of oscillations to chaos and the degree of signal correlation of the transition mode of different tests. Study results can be applied in various reservoir computing applications, for example, in choosing and configuring the LogNNet network reservoir circuits.

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Mondal, Hrishikesh, Arghya Pathak, Tanmoy Banerjee e Mrinal Kanti Mandal. "Ring Oscillators Under Nonlinear Coupling: Bifurcation and Chaos". ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 21, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2023): 248668. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2023211.248668.

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The dynamics of two non-linearly coupled ring oscillators are examined in this study. Each ring oscillator consists of three-stage inverters, coupled through a resistor and diode. The system is mathematically modeled by non-linear differential equations. A numerical phase plane, bifurcation, and quantitative measures, like the Lyapunov exponent, confirm the transition from periodic to chaotic oscillation in a broad parameter zone. The system is implemented in a prototype hardware electronic circuit with bifurcation and chaos observed experimentally. This circuit can be used in practical applications such as cryptography and random number generation.

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BUSCARINO, ARTURO, LUIGI FORTUNA, MATTIA FRASCA e GREGORIO SCIUTO. "COUPLED INDUCTORS-BASED CHAOTIC COLPITTS OSCILLATOR". International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 21, n. 02 (febbraio 2011): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127411028611.

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In this paper, a new chaotic circuit is introduced, conceived by considering a Colpitts oscillator with the inclusion of two further elements: a coupled inductor and a variable resistor. The proposed circuit exhibits a rich dynamics that has been experimentally characterized through the bifurcation diagram with respect to the resistor value. The main result that can be derived from the analysis of the new circuit leads to a simple way to control chaos in the chaotic Colpitts oscillator by varying a single external control parameter. The same technique has then been applied to the classical periodic Colpitts oscillator, demonstrating how in this way the oscillation frequency can be controlled.

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Khateb, Fabian, Montree Kumngern, Tomasz Kulej e Dalibor Biolek. "0.3-Volt Rail-to-Rail DDTA and Its Application in a Universal Filter and Quadrature Oscillator". Sensors 22, n. 7 (30 marzo 2022): 2655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072655.

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This paper presents the extremely low-voltage supply of the CMOS structure of a differential difference transconductance amplifier (DDTA). With a 0.3-volt supply voltage, the circuit offers rail-to-rail operational capability. The circuit is designed for low-frequency biomedical and sensor applications, and it consumes 357.4 nW of power. Based on two DDTAs and two grounded capacitors, a voltage-mode universal filter and quadrature oscillator are presented as applications. The universal filter possesses high-input impedance and electronic tuning ability of the natural frequency in the range of tens up to hundreds of Hz. The total harmonic distortion (THD) for the band-pass filter was 0.5% for 100 mVpp @ 84.47 Hz input voltage. The slight modification of the filter yields a quadrature oscillator. The condition and the frequency of oscillation are orthogonally controllable. The frequency of oscillation can also be controlled electronically. The THD for a 67 Hz oscillation frequency was around 1.2%. The circuit is designed and simulated in a Cadence environment using 130 nm CMOS technology from United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC). The simulation results confirm the performance of the designed circuits.

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Buonomo, Antonio, e Alessandro Lo Schiavo. "ANALYSIS OF EMITTER COUPLED MULTIVIBRATORS". SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 7, n. 5 (2021): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2021-7-5-7-11.

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The purpose of this investigation is to develop a systematic nonlinear analysis of the circuit in Figure 1, as yet not available in the literature, obtaining an exact formula for the oscillation frequency. Then, we find the condition for the circuit to behave as a relaxation oscillator, or as a nearly sinusoidal oscillator, analyzing the circuit behavior around the equilibrium point through a circuit model accounting for the transistor intrinsic capacitances. A nonlinear analysis of the popular emitter-coupled multivibrator is performed, which is based on the classical discontinuity theory. Exact relationships for calculating its waveform are obtained. Then, we investigate the circuit dynamic behavior showing that at very high frequencies the circuit exhibits a completely different behavior, similar to an LC second-order nearly sinusoidal oscillator. Conditions allowing us to predict one or the other behavior are found.

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