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1
Ho, Thi Huong Giang. "Le parc public à Ho Chi Minh ville : pratiques et significations". Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU1075.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le processus de mondialisation rapide des métropoles s’accompagne d’une forte demande de parcs publics. À Ho Chi Minh Ville, cette dernière se manifeste non seulement dans les politiques publiques mais également dans les pratiques des usagers. Ces pratiques reflètent une forte variété de significations individuelles face aux transformations de la société urbaine. En fait, les individus, par leurs usages des parcs publics, contribuent à la transition et à l’enrichissement de cette forme d’espace public vers la modernité dans leur vie quotidienne. Il y a une volonté très répandue de se préoccuper de soi qui se manifeste par la diversité des pratiques physiques et également par le changement de perception des individus. Cela résulte de trois types d’aménités perçues par des usagers : la santé, l’extension de l’espace de vie et la quête du bien-être grâce à la présence de la nature dans les parcs. Ensuite, en raison de critères liés aux individus vulnérables comme les personnes âgées, les migrants et les femmes isolées, de nouvelles formes de sociabilité urbaine émergent grâce auxquelles le parc aide les individus qui cherchent à reconstruire leur vie. Alors, ce dernier n’est plus seulement une forme physique sur le plan de l’aménagement mais également un « actant » qui contribue activement à la création de nouvelles formes de cohésion sociale et à l’hybridation culturelle dans le processus de modernisation urbaineThe process of rapid globalization of metropolises is accompanied by a high demand for public parks. In Ho Chi Minh City, the latter manifests itself not only in public policies but also in the practices of users. These practices developed a large variety of individual meanings in the face of transformations in urban society. In fact, individuals, through their use of public parks, have contributed to the transition and enrichment of this form of public space towards modernity in their daily lives. There is a widespread desire to concern oneself which manifests itself in the diversity of physical practices and also in the change of perception of individuals. This is the result of three types of amenities perceived by users: health, the extension of living space and the quest for well-being through the presence of nature in the parks. Then, due to criteria linked to vulnerable individuals such as the elderly, migrants and isolated women, new forms of urban sociability are emerging thanks to the park helping individuals seeking to rebuild their lives. So, the latter is no longer just a physical form in terms of planning but also an "actor" who contributes to the creation of new forms of social cohesion and to cultural hybridization in the process of urban modernization
Sự phát triển công viên là một trong những điểm trọng yếu được nhắc đến trong quá trình toàn cầu hoá của các siêu đô thị. Tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, công viên không chỉ là vấn đề được quan tâm bởi các chính sách công mà còn bởi chính những người dân sử dụng nó. Những họat động tại đây phản ánh những ý nghĩa mang tính cá nhân mà công viên mang lại trong bối cảnh đô thị hoá. Các hoạt động trong công viên thường ngày cũng đóng góp váo sự chuyển đổi sang hình thái đô thị hiện đại của thành phố. Chúng ta dễ dành nhận ra một nhu cầu phổ biến trong việc mong muốn chăm sóc bản thân bằng những hoạt động thể chất và cả sự thay đổi trong nhận thức của từng cá nhân. Diều này được thể hiện qua ba nhóm lợi ích được tiếp nhận bởi những người trực tiếp sử dụng công viên: sức khoẻ, mở rộng không gian sống và dưỡng sinh trong không gian thiên nhiên của côn viên. Bên cạnh đó, các hoạt động ở công viên còn phản ánh sự liên kết giữa các các nhân yếu thế trong xã hội như người lớn tuổi, người nhập cư và phụ nữ. Đây là yếu tố tạo nên những hình thái mới trong quan hệ xã hội đô thị trong đó các cá nhận tìm cách cải thiện cuộc sống của họ thông qua những hoạt động ở công viên. Như vậy, công viên không chỉ là một yếu ố thụ động nằm trong quy hoạch đô thị mà nó còn là một yếu tố tác động vào sự liên kết xã hội và chuyển giao vă hoá trong bối cảnh hiện dại hoá đô thị
2
Mizuma, Yoko. "Le parc public au Japon : une forme paysagère hybride -Les apports de l’école française de paysage-". Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
En 1868, l’ouverture du pays avec la révolution de Meiji fut un moment de grand bouleversement dans l’histoire de l’urbanisme et de l’art des jardins au Japon. Sous les influences occidentales, la composition urbaine et le modèle du jardin japonais se diversifièrent et cette évolution fut renforcée et accélérée par une composante urbaine nouvelle, introduite de l’extérieur, le « parc public ».Deux écoles du paysage jouèrent un rôle pionnier dans ce courant : l’école de Honda Seiroku établie à l’université impériale de Tokyo, et celle de Fukuba Hayato basée dans un jardin impérial, Shinjuku Gyoen. Les deux fondateurs n’avaient pas exactement la même philosophie sur le paysage : celle du premier était fondée sur la sylviculture et l’aménagement du territoire inspirée des théories développées en Allemagne et celle du second s’appuyait sur l’horticulture et l’art des jardins inspirés de la France ; le traité d’Edouard André, Traité général de la composition des parcs et jardins, publié en 1879, en particulier, joua un rôle important.Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes attachée à démontrer méthodiquement cette hypothèse d’apparition d’un nouveau type d’espace, le jardin public, à partir des réalisations principales de ces deux écoles, de l’ouverture du pays en 1868, jusqu’aux années 1930. En nous appuyant sur la méthode du « comparatisme », nous avons retracé les traditions de l’art des jardins au Japon et en France. Nous avons étudié les projets de parcs et jardins publics réalisés en France sous le Second Empire où s’épanouit l’école française du paysage (Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, Parc Montsouris, Square des Batignolles), et analysé les caractéristiques des parcs et jardins réalisés par les deux paysagistes pionniers et leurs disciples (Shinjuku Gyoen, Parc Hibiya, Parc Hamachô, Parc Narita-san). Nous nous sommes également penchée sur la formation des paysagistes et les supports de diffusion du savoir dans le monde horticole.Le travail que nous avons effectué a une dimension à la fois historique et pratique. Nous avons mis en œuvre les méthodes de l’historien pour le travail en archives et la recherche documentaire, du paysagiste pour les techniques de relevé ou la lecture de projet. En analysant ces parcs français et japonais, à travers plusieurs thèmes (allée, plantation, pièce d’eau, démarche de projet et composition spatiale), nous avons montré le rôle joué par l’école française de paysage sur le développement du parc public au Japon. Nous avons accordé à l’iconographie et aux analyses graphiques, souvent inédites, une place importante. Enfin, cette thèse apporte des éléments nouveaux sur les effets de l’ouverture du Japon, dans un domaine jusqu’alors peu exploré, l’art des jardins dans sa relation au parc publicSubsequent to the 1868 Meiji revolution, the opening of the country was a time of great change in urban planning and in the art of the garden in Japan. Under influences from the West, the layout of towns and the model of the Japanese garden were both diversified and this development was reinforced and accelerated by a new element in the urban space, introduced from abroad, the « public park ».Two schools of landscaping were pioneers in this trend: the Seiroku Honda school, established at the Imperial University in Tokyo, and the Hayato Fukuba school based in the Shinjuku Gyoen Imperial Garden. The two founders did not share the same philosophy of landscaping: the former was founded on forestry and on town and country planning, inspired by theories developed in Germany, and the latter was based on examples of horticulture and garden design from France: the treatise by Edouard André, “General Treatise on the Composition of Parks and Gardens” (Traité général de la composition des parcs et jardins), published in 1879, in particular, exerted a clear influence.In the present thesis, I will defend the hypothesis that a new type of space appeared: the public park, evolving from the principle achievements of the two schools during the opening up of the country in 1868 and until the 1930s. Using the “comparatist” method, I retrace the traditions of garden design in Japan and in France informed by the study of projects for public parks and gardens in France during the Second Empire, where the French school of landscaping flourished (Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, Parc Montsouris, Square des Batignolles), and I analyse the characteristics of the parks and gardens laid out by the two pioneer landscape gardeners and their followers (Shinjuku Gyoen, Hibiya Park, Hamachô Park, Narita-san Park). I also research the training for landscape gardening and the formats used for transfer of knowledge among horticulturalists.My research covers both historical and practical aspects. I use the methods of the historian for the consultation of archives and for documentary research; the methods of a landscape gardener for the techniques of surveying and the interpretation of projects. Analysing both French and Japanese parks from various thematic standpoints (paths, planting, water features, project management and layout), I demonstrate the influence of the French school of landscaping on the development of the public park in Japan. I reserve an important place to iconography and to graphics analysis, often hitherto unpublished. Finally, my thesis presents new elements concerning the effects in Japan, in this largely unexplored domain, of the art of gardening in its relation to the public park
3
Le, Heuzey Sylvie. "Le nouveau parc Georges Brassens : historique et aménagements réalisés". Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P261.
Testo completo
4
Tanneau, Coralie. "Pouvoir et influence des parcs naturels régionaux en matière d'habitat : l'exemple du Parc d'Armorique". Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0018/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
À travers le cas du Parc naturel régional d’Armorique, cette thèse propose une analyse critique du lien qui unit les PNR à l’habitat, en mettant en avant les accélérateurs et les freins politiques et territoriaux sur l’implication des syndicats mixtes de Parcs dans ce domaine. Après une mise au point conceptuelle de la notion d’habitat et la présentation des territoires et des modes d’habiter sur le Parc d’Armorique, l’étude interroge les ambitions politiques en la matière et les raisons qui conduisent à leurs concrétisations. Confrontés à un environnement culturel marqué par la ruralité et des difficultés structurelles influant leurs orientations, les Parcs sont aussi contraints par le contexte institutionnel français et l’organisation des territoires sur lesquels ils opèrent. Un parcours historique de l’implication de ces structures sur l’habitat, avec comme étude de cas le Parc d’Armorique, nous montre qu’ils sont dépendants d’orientations nationales changeantes, mais s’acharnent à tenir un rôle majeur dans l’organisation des territoires ruraux. En outre, ils se dévoilent comme d’excellents modèles d’acculturation, porteurs de valeurs et de projets allant dans le sens d’un processus de qualité, de préservation et de vivre-ensemble dans des campagnes souvent négligées par les institutionsThrough the case of Armorique regional natural park, this thesis offers a critical analysis of the link between the RNPs and the habitat, by highlighting the territorial and political boosters and restraints on the joint parks associations involvement in this field. After a conceptual clarification on the notion of habitat and the presentation of the territories and the settlement patterns in Armorique Park, the study questions the political ambitions regarding it and the reasons which lead to their fulfilments. Confronted with a cultural environment marked by the rurality and structural difficulties influencing their orientations, parks are also obliged by the French institutional context and the territories organization on the one they operate. An historic journey about the involvement of these structures on the habitat, with Armorique Park as a case study, shows us that they are dependent on changing national orientations, but they persist in keeping a leading role in the organization of the rural territories. Furthermore, they reveal themselves as excellent models of acculturation, carrying values and projects moving towards the idea of quality process, preservation and a living together concept in a countyside often overlooked by the institutions.
5
Skoumal, Jan. "Rozvoj území ostrova Štvanice v Praze". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This work, its task coming from an architectural and urban design competition requested by the city of Prague, gives a proposal of a new definition of the island of Štvanice in Prague. It deals with the problems of incorporating into the urban structure, connection to the main transport routes, functional usage of the island by choosing suiting schedules with urban functions. The proposals of objects, new spatial layout of the public spaces of the island, using the Vltava river's potential, its embankment and cultivation are the main themes of this work.
6
André, Virginie. "Construction collaborative du discours au sein de réunions de travail en entreprise : de l'analyse micro-linguistique à l'analyse socio-interactionnelle : le cas d'un Parc départemental de l'Equipement". Nancy 2, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc216/2006NAN21005_1.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse cherche à explorer le fonctionnement discursif et interactif de réunions de travail. Différents champs disciplinaires sont convoqués pour les analyser étant donné que les pratiques et les activités discursives actualisées dans ce genre de discours sont imbriquées dans des situations de travail et de communication particulières insérées dans des enjeux sociaux, culturels, identitaires et relationnels complexes. Cette étude s'intéresse plus particulièrement aux corrélations entre les pratiques langagières des interactants et les facteurs extralinguistiques des réunions de travail. L'analyse d'un corpus de quarante heurres d'enregistrements et de 331 000 mots transcrits permet d'identifier les pratiques langagières contribuant à la collaboration du discours entre les participants. Quatre phénomènes discursifs et interactionnels sont étudiés : l'énonciation conjointe, la reprise, les apparitions du marqueur hein et du couple oui nonThe aim of this thesis is to investigate the discursive and interactive functioning of business meetings. Recourse is had to a number of different disciplines, since the practices and discursive activities instantiated in this genre are interwoven into a variety of specific communicative situations and working contexts. This study focuses in particular on the correlations between the participants' communicative practices and the extralinguistic factors impinging on business meetings. In particular, calling on a corpus consisting of transcriptions of forty hours of sound recordings containing 331,000 words, it sets out to identify those communicative practices which contribute to the collaborative construction of discourse by participants. Detailed analyses of four discursive and interactional phenomena are presented, including the joint construction of discourse, repetition, and occurrences of the discourse markers hein and oui non
7
Rees, catalan Andrés. "Privatiser la nature : espaces protégés, partenariats public-privé et contrôle territorial au Chili. Le cas du Parc national Alerce Costero et de la Réserve Côtière Valdivienne". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3006/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La protection privée de la nature est un phénomène qui rencontre un succès majeur ces dernières décennies dans le contexte d’ouverture croissante des politiques environnementales à l’économie mondialisée. Le Chili compte précisément parmi les premiers pays à avoir appliqué les principes néolibéraux au niveau de l’État ; il a privatisé de nombreux domaines de l’économie, dont l’accès aux ressources naturelles. Ces dernières ont été, de ce fait, largement exploitées par des capitaux privés qui ont disposé de grandes libertés garanties par l’État. Et même si la protection de la nature est longtemps restée du seul ressort de l’État chilien, on constate à partir de l’année 1990 et la prise de pouvoir du premier gouvernement démocratique post-Pinochet l’émergence croissante des acteurs privés de protection de la nature, dont des ONG environnementalistes nationales et internationales. Ces ONG ont fortement promu et utilisé des outils du libre marché (acquisitions foncières, expertise scientifique, partenariats public-privé, marchés carbone) dans un but affiché de conservation des ressources naturelles. Elles interviennent même, plus récemment, dans les politiques de développement local. Cette recherche entend démontrer, à travers l’exemple du travail conjoint mené par les administrateurs de deux espaces protégés – l’un public, l’autre privé – la manière dont une ONG internationale de conservation exerce son action dans un pays comme le Chili. Il ne s’agit pas uniquement d’enjeux de protection de la nature, de conservation des ressources naturelles et de développement local, mais aussi des méthodes d’intervention auprès des acteurs ruraux et des dispositifs de pouvoir déployés dans un objectif de contrôle territorialPrivate nature conservation is a growing phenomenon against the background of the opening up of environmental policies to globalized economy. Chile is one of the first countries to have implemented neoliberal principles at State level; it has privatized many areas of its economy, including access to natural resources. As a result, those resources have been largely exploited by private capital, with the greatest freedoms guaranteed by the State. Even within nature conservation – which has long remained under the sole responsibility of the Chilean state – we can see from 1990 onwards, and the takeover of the first post-Pinochet democratic government, the increasing emergence of private actors of nature protection, including national and international environmental NGOs. These NGOs have strongly promoted and used free-market tools (land acquisitions, scientific expertise, public-private partnerships, carbon markets) with the aim of natural resources conservation. More recently, they also started to take part in local development policies.This research aims at demonstrating, through the example of the joint work carried out by the administrators of two protected areas - a public one and a private one - the way an international conservation NGO exerts its action in a country like Chile. Therefore, the main issues of this research are not only nature conservation, natural resources preservation and local development, but the interference with rural stakeholders and the power apparatuses that are deployed to gain territorial control at local level
La protección privada de la naturaleza es un fenómeno que ha tenido gran éxito durante las últimas décadas en el contexto de la apertura creciente de las políticas medioambientales a la economía globalizada. Chile forma parte de los primeros países en haber aplicado los principios neoliberales a nivel de Estado; privatizó muchas áreas de la economía, dentro de las cuales el acceso a los recursos naturales. Por este motivo, los recursos naturales fueron intensamente explotados por capitales privados que beneficiaron, además, de grandes libertades garantizadas por el Estado. A pesar de que la protección de la naturaleza estuvo durante mucho tiempo bajo la sola responsabilidad del Estado chileno, a partir del año 1990 y la llegada al poder del primer gobierno democrático post-Pinochet, se observa un aumento creciente de los actores privados de la protección de la naturaleza, dentro de los cuales ONG medioambientalistas nacionales e internacionales. Estas ONG han promocionado y utilizado las herramientas de libre mercado (adquisición de tierras, conocimiento científico, cooperación público-privada, mercados de carbono) con el objetivo de conservar los recursos naturales. De manera más reciente, intervienen incluso en las políticas de desarrollo local.Esta investigación busca demostrar, mediante el ejemplo del trabajo conjunto llevado a cabo por los administradores de dos áreas protegidas – un pública, la otra privada – la manera como una ONG internacional de conservación ejerce su acción en un país como Chile. No se trata únicamente de desafíos de protección de la naturaleza, de conservación de los recursos naturales y de desarrollo local, sino que también de los métodos de intervención con los actores rurales y de los dispositivos de poder utilizados con un objetivo de control territorial
8
Houel, Nicolas. "Pédagogie de la sobriété lumineuse : étude des enjeux et méthodes de la requalification du parc d'éclairage public de la métropole nantaise au travers de la récolte d'indicateurs qualitatifs et quantitatifs des ambiances nocturnes en ville". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0032.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dans le cadre d’un financement CIFRE accompagnant la définition du Schéma de Cohérence d’Aménagement Lumière (SCAL) de la Métropole de Nantes, la thèse de Nicolas Houel contribue à identifier les enjeux de la sobriété énergétique et lumineuse dans la gestion du parc d’éclairage public. La recherche porte sur la méthodologie d’élaboration du SCAL et se focalise sur l’identification des controverses actuelles dans la pratique de l’éclairage artificiel, en vue d’une sensibilisation et d’une implication de l’usager de l’espace public dans l’évaluation et la production des ambiances urbaines nocturnes. Le travail comprend une série d’enquêtes de terrain dédiées à l’évaluation et à l’itération d’une méthode de récolte d’indicateurs sensibles. En plus de sa partie analytique, la recherche propose un outil cartographique numérique inédit pour l’aide au suivi des installations et permettant en temps réel la collecte d’indicateurs physiques et sensibles directement identifiés par l’usager. La posture de recherche aborde la notion d’expertise d’usage, potentiellement complémentaire des expertises politiques, artistiques et techniques qui gouvernent actuellement l’éclairage public. Ils soulignent la place prépondérante de l’éclairage artificiel dans la culture collective et la très faible représentativité de la notion d’obscurité. La pédagogie de la sobriété lumineuse, en réponse à l’enjeu de sobriété énergétique et lumineuse initialement poursuivi au travers de la démarche de sensibilisation des usagers à l’éclairage public, s’oriente finalement vers celui d’une forme de pédagogie à l’obscurité, dans laquelle la sobriété lumineuse pourra durablement s’installerAs part of a CIFRE contract associated with the definition of the Lighting Development Coherence Scheme (SCAL) of the city of Nantes, Nicolas Houel’s thesis contributes to identifying the stakes of better energy and light sobriety in the management of its public lighting park. The research deals with the development methodology of the SCAL and focuses on the identification of current controversies in the artificial lighting practice, to raise awareness and involve the users of public spaces in the evaluation and production of nocturnal urban ambiances. It includes a series of field surveys dedicated to the evaluation and iteration of a method for the collection of sensitive indicators. Beyond its analytical part, the thesis proposes an unprecedented digital mapping tool to monitor the installations and to in real time the collection of physical and sensitive indicators identified by the users. The research addresses the concept of expertise of use, potentially complementary of political, artistic and technical ones that currently govern public lighting. They highlight the prominent place of artificial lighting in collective culture and the very low representativity of the concept of darkness. The pedagogy of light sobriety, regarding the challenge of energy and light sobriety originally pursued through an approach of awareness to public lighting for users, is ultimately oriented towards a form of pedagogy of darkness, in which light sobriety could settle lastingly
9
Chambelland, Benjamin. "Une gestion jardinière des paysages : le "parc des Coteaux" en recherche et en projet : expérimentations, retours réflexifs et propositions d'actions sur la rive droite de Bordeaux". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30033.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La notion de « gestion jardinière des paysages » est au cœur de cette thèse. Il s’agit ici de proposer un principe d’action visant à renouveler le projet de paysage et ses pratiques. Ce principe d’action s’inscrit à un moment-charnière où les pratiques paysagistes sont confrontées à la nécessité de mettre en œuvre dans un cadre démocratique une gestion environnementale des territoires. Il a pour objectif de prendre en compte toute la complexité des interrelations sociales, écologiques, politiques et économiques propre à la conduite des projets de paysage, ainsi que leurs imbrications. Il s’agit notamment de conscientiser les dynamiques à l’œuvre et de mesurer les effets du temps sur le processus de projet en lien avec l’incertitude des « inter-retro-actions » qui en émanent. À travers cela, il s’agit également d’être en capacité de clarifier les valeurs et les stratégies éthiques à mobiliser au quotidien et dans la durée, dans la conduite d’un projet de paysage. Aux sources de travail, il y a une convention industrielle de formation par la recherche (CIFRE). Pendant trois ans, j’ai travaillé au sein d’un groupement d’intérêt public composé de quatre communes (Bassens, Lormont, Cenon et Floirac) situées sur la « rive droite » de la métropole de Bordeaux : le Grand Projet des Villes Rive Droite (GPV). Mon rôle a consisté à mener un projet de paysage orienté vers l’accompagnement de l’évolution des pratiques de jardinage concernant un ensemble de parcs publics/privés, nommé le « parc des Coteaux » (240 ha). L’entrée paysagère est donc à la base de la démarche mise en œuvre. Elle a consisté à proposer un processus de coopération impliquant les jardiniers des villes, mais également, des élus, des responsables de services, des chargés de projets des villes et du GPV, des paysagistes, des urbanistes, des écologues, des habitants et des « usagers ». Ce processus de coopération a pris pour nom le Laboratoire du parc des Coteaux ; le parcLAB. Le retour réflexif sur les conditions même de cette expérience conduite pendant trois ans (2015-2018) – elle-même issue de ma participation à l’émergence de cette dynamique collective trois ans auparavant (2013-2015) en tant que paysagiste indépendant – m’a conduit à formuler l’hypothèse d’une gestion jardinière des paysages, dont je présente et mets en débat, ici, les principes et les orientationsThe idea of “garden-based landscape management” is at the heart of this thesis. It offers principles for updating landscape projects and practices. These principles arrive at a key moment when landscape gardening is confronted with the need to implement environmental land management in a democratic context. They aim to take into account all the complexity and interweaving of the social, ecological, political and economic interrelationships involved in running landscape projects. The thesis is particularly concerned with increasing awareness of the dynamics at work and with measuring the effects of time on the project process in relation to the uncertainties of “inter-retro-actions” that emanate from it. This should also provide clarification of the values and ethical strategies to be applied to running a landscape project, both on a day-to-day basis and in the long term. The basis for the work is an Industrial Convention for Training by Research (CIFRE). For three years I worked in a Groupement d’Intérêt Public made up of four communes (Bassens, Lormont, Cenon et Floirac) situated on the “right bank” of Bordeaux Métropole: the Grand Projet des Villes Rive Droite (GPV). My role was to lead a landscape project orientated towards accompanying developments in gardening practices in a group of public/private parks known as the “Parc des Coteaux” (240 ha). Landscape is thus the starting point for the approach that has been used. The approach consisted of proposing a cooperative process involving gardeners from the towns, but also elected members, departmental managers, project officers for the towns and the GPV, landscape architects, planners, ecologists, inhabitants and “users”. This process adopted the name Laboratoire du parc des Coteaux or parcLAB. The feedback on the very conditions of this experiment, conducted for three years (2015-2018) – itself resulting from my participation in the emergence of the collective dynamic over the preceding three years (2013-2015) as an independent landscape gardener – led me to formulate the hypothesis of garden-based landscape management, whose principles and orientations I present and offer for debate here
10
Bernal, Kaitlin. "Making public parks public: Increasing inclusivity in Denver's Civic Center Park". Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35502.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Anne E. Beamish
One of the most important aspects of a public space is its accessibility and inclusivity for all people. In urban parks, this often means that a wide variety of users must be considered during the design process. Denver Civic Center Park is a historic urban park in the heart of Denver’s downtown. The park caters to a variety of people ranging from tourist, who briefly visit the park, to people who are experiencing homelessness, and call the park home. Ensuring that the needs of people varying in age, culture, and economic background is key to any urban park’s success. Semi-structured interviews, site observations, site inventory and analysis, and critical mapping helped assess Denver’s Civic Center Park’s inclusivity and accessibility. Through a combination of improved infrastructure and additional amenities, a thoughtful redesign of the historic park addressed today’s challenges with homelessness and created a more inclusive environment. Because of the historic nature of the park only specific modifications to the southern ares were made. There are two reasons to create inclusive public spaces. The first is the social mixing that comes from people of different backgrounds and cultures sharing a safe environment. Social mixing connects groups of people through passive and active interactions that are built on seeing someone or overhearing their conversations. Social interactions, that take place in a safe environment, can trigger empathy within the community and start to build relationships between people of different socioeconomic groups. The second reason focuses on the ethics of designing public space. The infrastructure and policy of a public space should not be exclusive to a “desirable” demographic, but should include all existing users and the surrounding community. Because a large portion of users in Denver’s Civic Center Park are people experiencing homelessness, the design and programmatic amenities should consider their needs and desires. Landscape architects can influence the public’s views and the way people interact with each other by designing safe and active urban public spaces. In this project I asked, what design policies and strategies could be implemented to make Denver’s Civic Center Park more inclusive and secure for all park users, including those experiencing homelessness?
11
Roberts, Geoffrey C., e n/a. "The collection of visitor use information and its implications for park management planning : Centennial Park case study". University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1986. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061107.143926.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study critically examines the role of visitor use
information in park management planning. Few park planning
documents utilise visitor use information. This is thought
to result from two problems. Firstly, visitor use studies
have been plagued with methodological problems such as
unclear objectives, lack of rigour in the survey design and
lack of synthesis of information needs. These have resulted
in data which are unreliable and at times have no direct
implication for management planning. The second problem
arises from the lack of understanding of the role visitor
use information may play in the planning process.
A case study, the Centennial Park User Survey, was
undertaken to demonstrate how the inadequacies of existing
visitor use studies could be overcome and to provide a base
for future planning of Centennial Park. The survey data
have assisted Management both in day-to-day decision making
and future management planning relating to control of
forthcoming events, responding to public comment, traffic
management, facility provision, staff changeover, park staff
work programmes and rosters, allocation of financial and
staff resources, promotion of the Park, provision of
interpretative material and re-allocation of users.
By comparing the shortcomings of previous studies with the
experience of the case study, specific implications for the
collection and use of visitor use information in park
management planning have been identified.
12
Baggioni, Vincent. "Tensions sur l'espace villageois contemporain : les mécanismes de prévention des conflits liés à l'implantation des parcs solaires en région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0275/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Alors que la région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (PACA) a connu des oppositions fortes à l’implantation de grandes infrastructures dans des espaces naturels au début des années 1990, le développement de parcs solaires depuis le milieu des années 2000 n’a pas suscité beaucoup de réactions conflictuelles. Pour expliquer ce contraste, l’auteur dresse un inventaire des projets et des acteurs impliqués dans la filière photovoltaïque, puis documente les processus d’élaboration de six projets particuliers en étant attentif à comment l’histoire politique de la commune, les transformations du peuplement et les expériences récentes d’aménagement du territoire viennent à être prises en compte par les acteurs impliqués dans la promotion des parcs solaires. L’analyse de ces matériaux met au jour un entrelacement de phénomènes localisés de réduction du risque conflictuel qui tiennent d’abord à la manière dont s’invente la déclinaison locale d’une politique publique nationale d’encadrement de ce secteur et aux phénomènes d’apprentissage qu’elle impose aux acteurs des entreprises solaires et des collectivités locales en quête de cadre réglementaire attractif et stable. Le fort développement des parcs solaires en PACA et la faible conflictualité qui l’accompagne expriment ainsi la façon par laquelle une injonction au développement durable vient à s’actualiser dans des territoires à faible densité de population : comme un compromis social conciliant le souci de patrimonialiser les espaces et le besoin d’équipements associés à l’expérience urbaine d’une partie de cette populationWhile the Provence region experienced strong opposition to the installation of large infrastructures in natural areas in the early 1990s, the development of solar plants in the mid-2000s not aroused many conflicting reactions. To explain this contrast, the author draws up an inventory of the projects and actors involved in the photovoltaic sector. Then, he documents the processes of elaboration of six particular projects, looking at the political history of the commune, the transformations of the population and the recent experiences of spatial planning are taken into account by the actors involved in the promotion of solar plants. The analysis of these materials reveals an intertwining of local phenomena of reduction conflicting risks. In first, these are the result of the local invention of the application of a national public policy of supervision of this sector and learning that is required of the actors of solar companies and local authorities in search of an attractive and stable regulatory framework. Secondly, these phenomena refer to the discussion spaces that are activated at the municipal level to adjust projects to representations of populations, whether in the office of the mayor, before the municipal council or at a public meeting. The strong development of solar plants in Provence and the low level of conflictuality observed thus express the way in which the injunction to sustainable development is actualized in territories with a low population density: as a social compromise conciliating space heritage and need for equipment due to the urban experience of part of this population
13
Conard, Corrinn E. "Where is the public in public art? A case study of Millennium Park". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1198707193.
Testo completo
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Guimarães, Gedson Barros. "Desenvolvimento de sistema de indicadores para a gestão da manutenção de edifício público". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8688.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Public buildings are used by millions of people every day throughout Brazil. The public administration must ensure the proper management and operation of these essential devices for the full exercise of rights. Citizens, including servants and employees, need public buildings in keeping with the requirements of Brazilian technical standardization, rationality and efficiency, since they all contribute in the form of taxes to keep them functioning. The aim of this research was the development of a system of indicators to monitor the performance and efficiency of the maintenance of the systems that make up a public building. So, a system was made up of three indicators that monitor: annual maintenance expenditure, building performance and maintenance efficiency. The pre-test of these indicators in a public agency pointed to a reduction in annual maintenance expenditure between 2014 and 2016, but the performance of the building also declined, approaching its condition limit. This was confirmed by the MEI indicator, which was below the desirable number. Finally, it is presumed that such a joint can base decision making around government logistics or, precisely, administration of public buildings, as well as improve planning and budgeting in Public Administration.
Os edifícios públicos são utilizados por milhares de pessoas diariamente em todo o Brasil. A administração pública deve garantir a adequada gestão e funcionamento desses dispositivos essenciais para o exercício pleno dos direitos. Os cidadãos, incluindo servidores e colaboradores, precisam de edifícios públicos condizentes com as exigências da normalização técnica brasileira, a racionalidade e a eficiência, vez que todos contribuem na forma de impostos para mantê-los funcionando. Com isso, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo o desenvolvimento de sistema de indicadores para monitorar o desempenho e a eficiência da manutenção dos sistemas que compõem uma edificação pública. De modo que se obteve um sistema composto por três indicadores que monitoram: a despesa de manutenção anual, o desempenho da edificação e a eficiência da manutenção. O pré-teste desses indicadores em um órgão público apontou uma redução na despesa de manutenção anual entre 2014 e 2016, contudo o desempenho da edificação também diminuiu, aproximando-se de seu limite de condição. Isso foi confirmado pelo indicador MEI, que apresentou número abaixo do desejável. Por fim, presume-se que tal conjunto pode fundamentar a tomada de decisão na área de logística governamental ou, precisamente, administração de edifícios públicos, assim como melhorar o planejamento e orçamento na Administração Pública.
15
Bartholomew, Nathan. "Accurately predicting visitation as a strategic tool for management of a public park". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35445.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Nathan P. Hendricks
Public parks can provide considerable value to the population that visit them, for the community around them and the local economy. A well designed public park can attract growth in tourism, stimulate a habitat for wildlife, contribute to personal health and wellness, improve the aesthetics of an area and stimulate economic growth. Managing and operating a public park entails many complex issues such as designing an attractive green space, implementing and maintaining the park, attracting and managing visitors and obtaining financial support. Public parks need to identify factors that influence park visitation in order to more effectively manage park visitorship.. This thesis examines park visitation analyzing data of park users of The High Line in New York City to develop a model to more accurately predict visitation. The thesis focuses on the critical social and climatic variables that attract visitors to spend time in the High Line park. Understanding these factors will allow park management the ability to create a strategic plan for managing a public space that best serves its visitors and the community. More specifically, a strategic plan helps to determine who the visitors are and what activities they enjoy in the park. In conceptualizing a solution, High Line can put into practice what its visitors want to see offered in the park and which of its programming needs improvement to attract more visitors. Meeting the needs of park visitors will create a better experience for the customers and a better management strategy for operations. A multivariate regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between High Line visitation and the climatic and social variables. The climatic variables of daily average temperature and precipitation. The social variables of day of the week and season of the year were added to the structural model as dummies. A time trend variable characterized as time in years was added to the model to show any yearly change in visitation to the park. This method has been widely applied to a number of studies testing the relationship of climatic and social variables to park visitation (Micah, Scotter and Fenech 2016). The results of this regression analysis show that the social variables of day of the week and season and the climatic variables of average temperature and precipitation had a significant affect on park visitation. The model developed can be used to forecast park visitation, quantifying the many variables that influence park visitation.
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Bronzim, Arthur Henrique Santos. "A eficiência do gasto público como viabilizadora do novo regime fiscal : uma aplicação para as internações do Sistema Único de Saúde no Brasil entre 2008 e 2017 /". Araraquara, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181883.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Orientador: Cláudio César de PaivaBanca: Ana Elisa Périco
Banca: Murilo José de Souza Pires
Resumo: Após um longo período de baixo crescimento econômico e uma rápida deterioração do quadro fiscal brasileiro, um Novo Regime Fiscal (NRF) foi apresentado como medida econômica capaz de solucionar os desequilíbrios fiscais no médio e longo prazos e, sobretudo, colocar a dívida pública bruta do Governo geral em condições de solvabilidade. Esse NRF, institucionalizado no âmbito da União e dos órgãos federais com autonomia orçamentária, tem como arcabouço teórico de sustentação os elementos da Contração Fiscal Expansionista. Partindo de um diagnóstico que aponta que o desequilíbrio fiscal brasileiro se encontra nos gastos não financeiros, cria-se um desenho institucional dos gastos do governo, com base no estabelecimento de um teto para os gastos primários. Entretanto, dentre os gastos primários que estão sob o teto do NRF, há rubricas que, além de estarem protegidas constitucionalmente de qualquer alteração, mantem-se em alta. Em outras palavras, abaixo do teto imposto há gastos que se mantem crescentes e não podem ser alterados por força de lei que os protege. Esse panorama gera desconfiança quanto a capacidade do NRF em cumprir sua vida útil proposta, pois serão necessárias constantes diminuições nos gastos discricionários para compensar o aumento dos obrigatórios, visando não estourar o teto - sem qualquer garantia de sucesso nessa tarefa. Diante desse quadro, o objetivo principal desse trabalho é testar a hipótese de que um aumento na eficiência dos gastos públicos pode ser ca... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: After a long period of low economic growth and a rapid deterioration of the Brazilian fiscal framework, a "Novo Regime Fiscal" (NRF) was presented as an economic reaction plan capable of solving Brazilian public accounts problem in medium and long term and, above all, put the gross public debt General government in solvency. The NRF, institutionalized in the scope of the Union and the federal agencies with budgetary autonomy, has elements of the Fiscal Expansionist as its theoretical foundation. Based on a diagnosis that indicates that the Brazilian fiscal problem is in non-financial expenditures, an institutional design of government spending is created, based on the establishment of a maximum limit (roof) for primary expenditures. However, among the primary expenditures under this limit, there are items that keep growing up and this trend can't be changed because they are constitutionally protected. This scenario generates mistrust regarding the NRF's ability to meet its proposed useful life, because, in order to fit all the spending under this roof, the government must constantly decrease discretionary spending to compensate the increase in the mandatory ones, - with no guarantee of success in this task. The main objective of this paper is to test the hypothesis that an increase in the efficiency of public expenditures may be able to alleviate such pressure on the ceiling of expenditures by mapping resources that can be saved, giving an extra life to NRF without being neglected with loss of quality/quantity of public services provided. For this purpose, the health sector was chosen as a case since it has great importance in any space-time that is inserted and it's extremely affected by the rules of the New Fiscal Regime. Thus, in the literary review of the efficiency of public spending on health and in the application of the method known as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
17
Lee, Foong Mee, e n/a. "Remedies and sanctions against corporate officers for breaches of duties under part 3.2 of the corporations law". University of Canberra. Law, 1994. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050523.102418.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The subject of sanctions and remedies against corporate officers for breaches of the
provisions in the Corporations Law is an area of the law which has been largely
neglected by the legislature. Although there have been several legislative reforms on
remedies since the Corporations Law came into force, those reforms were ad hoc in
nature and no attempt has been made to carry out a comprehensive review to assess the
effectiveness of the existing sanctions and remedies in context of the needs of
contemporary society. In consequence, there is increasing concern that the remedies
employed in Australia for breaches of the Corporations Law are inadequate, inconsistent,
out-dated and are confined within a narrow range.
This thesis seeks to evaluate the current package of sanctions and remedies provided
under Part 3.2 of the Corporations Law. As part of this exercise, comparative studies
are made with the remedies of other jurisdictions. The provisions for sanctions in Part
3.2 are measured against parallel provisions in the Crimes Act of the Commonwealth and
of New South Wales and Victoria. They are also measured against corresponding
provisions in selected foreign jurisdictions. A further comparison is made between the
traditional civil remedies under the common law and those in the Corporations Law.
The evaluation of the sanctioning regime in Part 3.2 is made against the criteria
appropriateness, adequacy, consistency and accessibility. This thesis discusses the need
for a complete re-assessment of the penalty structure to bring the remedies in line with
community expectations.
18
Anwar, Muhammad Mushahid. "An investigation of public parks and life quality in Karachi, Pakistan urban ecology". Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2006. http://d-nb.info/988736136/04.
Testo completo
19
Molinier, Muriel. "La voie de l'inclusion par la médiation au musée des beaux-arts : des publics fragilisés au public universel". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30039.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nous étudions le musée comme lieu privilégié d'inclusion pour les publics fragilisés par des problématiques médicales, sociales ou médico-sociales. Notre approche infocommunicationnelle s'établit dans la relation entre musée, public et tiers médiateur, dans la médiation. Premièrement le musée, par son enracinement social et sa volonté de démocratisation assoit sa pertinence dans la question de l'inclusion muséale et sociale. Deuxièmement les publics fragilisés, sont présentés à travers les représentations qui les entourent, les termes qui les qualifient, la place de leurs accompagnateurs au musée et celle de la culture dans le travail social et la santé. Troisièmement la médiation, à travers dispositifs et médiateurs, ainsi qu'en mobilisant des relations musée-santé, définit des approches médiationnelles à destination des publics fragilisés, entre intégration, inclusion et implication. Notre méthode de recherche compréhensive nous a permis d'extraire trois publics cibles (personnes : atteintes de la maladie d'Alzheimer, en apprentissage du français, déficientes visuelles) dans l'objectif de globaliser les approches. Six musées cibles (musée des Augustins, musée du Louvre-Lens, musée du Louvre, musée Fabre, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Montréal, Museum of Modern Art) ont permis de produire corpus et entretiens. Nos réflexions pour accéder à la voie de l'inclusion sont de penser : d'une part, une transversalité de la fragilité amenant à augmenter l'universalité d'une médiation en conception universelle et à considérer un seul public universel ; d'autre part, la fusion du partenariat médiateur / éducateur spécialisé à travers un nouvel acteur hybride musée-santé : le remédiateurWe study museums as a privileged place of inclusion for the audiences weakened by medical, social or medico-social issues. Our infocommunicational approach is based in the relationship between museum, audience and third party mediator, in museum education (mediation). Firstly, the museum's social roots and its desire for democratization make it relevant to the issue of museum and social inclusion. Secondly, vulnerable audiences are presented through the representations that surround them, the terms that describe them, the status of their accompanying persons in the museum, and that of culture in social work and health. Thirdly, museum education (mediation), through devices and museum educators (mediators), as well as by mobilizing museum-health relations, defines mediational approaches aimed at vulnerable audiences, between integration, inclusion and involvement. Our comprehensive research method allowed us to extract three target audiences (people : with Alzheimer's disease, learning French, visually impaired) in order to globalize the approaches. Six target museums (musée des Augustins in Toulouse, musée du Louvre-Lens in Lens, musée du Louvre in Paris, musée Fabre in Montpellier, Montreal museum of fine arts in Montréal, Museum of Modern Art in New-York) have allowed us to produce corpuses and interviews. Our thoughts for entering the path of inclusion are to think : on the one hand, a transversality of fragility leading to increase the universality of a mediation in universal design and to consider a single universal audience; on the other hand, the merger of the mediator / special educator partnership through a new hybrid museum-health operator : the remediator
20
Colón, Badillo Liana R. "Public education program for the Seneca Park Zoo /". Online version of thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11474.
Testo completo
21
Karat, Lana. "Skarpbadet : Public Bath in Skarpnäck". Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223412.
Testo completo
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Roehl, Katrin, e n/a. "Terminus disintegration of debris-covered, lake-calving glaciers". University of Otago. Department of Geography, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070502.112854.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Numerous supraglacial and proglacial lakes have developed on debris-covered glaciers in conjunction with 20th-century retreat associated with global warming. When a glacier holds a substantial debris cover on its lower reach and/or is calving into a proglacial water body, the behaviour of its terminus can be modified to varying degrees compared to that of land-terminating or debris-free glaciers. The terminus is not just retreating from its frontal position but it is disintegrating through several processes that are linked. An improved understanding of these glacier margins is needed for the prediction and management of hazards associated with these types of lakes for hydroelectric power generation, recreational purposes and areas threatened by potential glacier outburst floods as well as for the interpretation of glacio-geological records and reconstruction of former glacial environments and palaeoclimate.
The principal research question of this study is how processes of ice loss contribute to the terminus disintegration of a debris-covered, lake-calving glacier. This is addressed by an application of a field-based strategy which includes extensive field observations of variables, processes and their controls, and subsequent analysis of the data in the light of previous models and concepts. The study attempts to combine and integrate different aspects of glaciological research that have previously been examined mostly separately. It investigates the prevalent processes at the glacier terminus and their controls over different time periods ranging from days to years at Mueller, Hooker and Tasman Glaciers in Mount Cook National Park, New Zealand. The data form the basis for models of calving and pond development and future retreat scenarios.
This study has demonstrated that this glacial environment is characterised by ice-frontal processes with complex inter-relationships that vary between glaciers and in particular between stages of terminus development. While surface ice melt in the terminus area is substantially reduced by supraglacial debris, sub-debris melt contributes the largest fraction of ice loss. Other important effects of debris are restraining thermal undercutting, reducing subaqueous melt and decreasing buoyancy. Data from supraglacial ponds and proglacial lakes show that limnological factors become increasingly important with increasing pond/lake size. Changes in water currents and temperature lead to changes in significance and rates of ice loss processes, the most important being the change from melting to predominantly calving. This study has confirmed the hypothesis that thermal undercutting is the rate-controlling process for calving. This process is controlled by the cliff geometry, debris supply, subaqueous geometry and water temperatures, currents and level variations. The results from the examination of calving processes suggest that the process of regular, progressive calving through the stages suggested previously may not be widely applicable to slow-moving, lake-calving glaciers. The several forms of subaerial calving identified in this study can present themselves as largely independent events, a combination of events or as a progression. At the central submerged part of the ice face, subaqueous ice melt is likely to be the dominant form of ice loss, leading to horizontal ice loss. Subaqueous calving is prevalent in gently-sloping lateral areas, leading to vertical ice loss. This process is controlled by buoyancy forces which are affected by sedimentation and lake and glacier geometry. The onset of subaqueous calving in the earlier stages of lake development is a crucial process for the transition to faster disintegration and ice loss, accelerating subaqueous melt. Due to the complex inter-relationships attempts to formulate general relationships between calving or retreat rates and other glaciological parameters may not be feasible.
23
Skeat, Andrew, e n/a. "Feral buffalo in Kakadu National Park : survey methods, population dynamics and control". University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1990. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061108.161608.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
(1) Aerial survey methods for estimating
population size of feral water buffalo in northern
Australia were examined.
(2) Line transect models underestimated population
size. Of six models tested the most accurate
underestimated by nearly half. The models give
biased estimates most probably because not all
animals on the survey line were sighted .
(3) Aerial strip transect surveys were also
negatively biased. The extent of this bias was
estimated in index-removal experiments.
Experiments were carried out on two populations in
areas of differing obstructive canopy cover.
(4) In woodland habitat with a canopy cover of 30-
60%, a correction factor of 3.2 was required to
take account of animals not seen. In forest
habitat with a canopy cover of 60-100%, a
correction factor of 4.9 was required.
(5) Using these results, the population size of
feral buffalo, cattle and horses in Kakadu National
Park was estimated by aerial survey at the end of
each year over 6 years. Annual rates of increase
for three regions of the Park were estimated,
taking into account known removals from the
population. The effects of dry season rainfall and
population density in the preceding year on rate of
increase were examined for each species.
(6) The mean annual exponential rate of increase
for each species was 0.10 yr-1 for buffalo, 0.23
yr-1 for cattle and -0.14 yr-1 for horses.
(7) The annual rates of increase varied greatly
between years within all species and were highly
correlated with dry season rainfall in the year of
survey for buffalo and cattle but not for horses.
(8) No significant effect of preceding density on
rate of increase was found for any species. A
large reduction in buffalo populations did not
correspond with an increase in unharvested
populations of horses, suggesting the two species
do not compete for food or other resources.
(9) A campaign to control populations of feral
water buffalo in Kakadu National Park was assessed.
Between 1979 and 1988, approximately 79,000 animals
were removed, 54% by commercial live-capture, 35%
by shooting from helicopters and 10% by shooting
from the ground.
(10) In the period 1983-1988 when population
estimates from aerial survey are available, mean
buffalo population density was reduced from
5.60 km-2 to 1.17 km-2 over the surveyed area of
the Park.
(11) The costs of removal by shooting from
helicopters, capturing animals alive and shooting
from the ground were compared. The mean costs per
animal in 1988 were $24.13, $74.53, and $86.02
respectively.
(12) The effects of initial density and time spent
shooting on number of animals removed by shooting
from helicopters were examined. One linear and two
curvilinear models were fitted to data from four
different removal exercises. The relationship
between time spent shooting and number removed was
best described by a curvilinear (Ivlev) function.
This model was used to estimate costs of control to
a specified density.
(13) Model regression coefficients differed
between removal exercises, suggesting that the
number removed may be affected by variables other
than time spent shooting and initial density. Data
from the range of conditions encountered during
removal is thus likely to be required for robust
estimation of removal costs.
24
Abrams, Nels. "The Making of Audubon Park: Competing Ideologies for Public Space". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1241.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The emergence of Progressivism at the beginning of the twentieth century influenced many aspects of American society. One of those aspects was urban parks. In the latter half of the nineteenth century Frederick Law Olmsted led a nationwide implementation of "Victorian" parks. These parks featured broad expanses of turf, waterways, and trees. Olmsted and the other Victorian park leaders designed the parks to cultivate Victorian values of self-restraint and independence among the citizenry. With the rise of Progressivism the ideals of the middle class changed. Led by Theodore Roosevelt, millions of Americans embraced the "strenuous life" and its emphasis on strength and leadership. Consequently, parks changed. The new Progressive park design favored athletic facilities over places for repose. Audubon Park in New Orleans was built just as this change was occurring, and therefore provides us an opportunity to study this moment in American history in detail.
25
Thieblemont, Éric. "Modélisation du soudage par résistance par points". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1992_THIEBLEMONT_E.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette étude porte sur la modélisation du soudage par résistance par points de tôles nues et revêtues double face de faibles épaisseurs (0. 7 mm). Elle comporte d'une part une caractérisation mécanique de la phase d'accostage et d'autre part une étude électrothermique approfondie de la phase de soudage qui suit. Un couplage fort permet de tenir compte des interactions entre les phénomènes électrique et thermique. Le problème étant couplé par l'effet joule d'une part et la dépendance des propriétés physiques avec la température d'autre part. Il intègre également les non-linéarités importantes liées aux résistances électriques et thermiques de contact. Une approche expérimentale visant à mesurer les résistances électriques de contact en régime dynamique à ainsi été développée. Ces modélisations mécanique et électrothermique sont traitées par calcul éléments finis. Les résultats mécaniques obtenus mettent en évidence de fortes contraintes axiales périphériques. Dans certaines configurations d'assemblage ou le jeu initial entre les deux tôles est important, la formation des surfaces de contact électrode-tôle est annulaire. Ces deux phénomènes mécaniques favorisent alors la création de points expulsés. Les résultats du calcul électrothermique mettent en évidence le rôle important des résistances électriques de contact. Dans le cas des tôles nues, la résistance électrique de contact tôle-tôle, initialement très importante, impose une montée en température très brutale (27500°C/s). Pour les tôles revêtues double face, des intensités de soudage plus élevées (environ 30% supérieures à celles des tôles nues) sont nécessaires pour compenser la faible résistance de contact tôle-tôle et obtenir la fusion du métal. Dans ce cas, l'intensité de soudage élevée gouverne le procédé de soudage et provoque un emballement thermique dans la deuxième partie du cycle de soudage. La latitude de soudage est alors fortement réduite
26
Paris, Stéfane. "Reconnaissance par indexation en vision par ordinateur". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1992_PARIS_S.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La vision par ordinateur est amenée, pour des taches de manipulation robotique, à identifier et à localiser les objets de la scène observée. L’identification et la localisation, regroupées sous le terme reconnaissance, impliquent une connaissance à priori des objets à manipuler. Cette connaissance se traduit en une base de modèles d'objets. De façon à pouvoir accéder facilement et rapidement à ces modèles, nous proposons de les classer suivant leur structure. La classification structurelle obtenue est appelée index et le processus qui la construit est dit d'indexation
27
Lidström, Olsson Daniel. "Park and ride, effects on public transport ridership". Thesis, KTH, Transportplanering, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302526.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As urban growth accelerates and the need to address environmental issues regardingtransportation is larger than ever and many policymakers have chosen to adapt park and rideas one of their methods to reduce car traffic. However, the effect from adapting the policy isnot very well understood and since the policy can directly conflict with other policies relatedto land use it is important to know which effects can be expected. By knowing which effectsto expect, policy makers can make more sustainable choices in their policy adaption.This study has been carried out using data from two different counties to find out if theeffects from park and ride differ depending on the type of environment it serves. Further, anadditional analysis has been done using temporal data to measure the effect of adapting orexpanding a park and ride facility at a public transport station or stop.It was found that in a rural setting, the relation between park and ride and the number ofpassengers at a public transport station is strong. Stations with more parking spaces hadhigher ridership. This was not the case for stations located in a suburban environment, someeffect was indicated but the relationship was not as strong. The analysis of the two countiesdata showed unreasonably high passenger increases from P&R, indicating that some otherfactor also influences the result in this analysis.From the analysis of the temporal dataset the result showed that stations which adapted parkand ride did have a higher average passenger increase than the general trend within thetransport system. This indicates that park and ride do in fact increase public transportridership.Den accelererande urbaniseringen har gjort behovet av att hantera miljöpåverkan ifråntransportsystemet större än någonsin och många beslutsfattare har valt att förordapendlarparkering (park and ride) som en metod för att minska biltrafik. Effekterna av attanvända denna planeringsmetod är dock inte fullt kända och eftersom pendlarparkeringar kanhamna i konflikt med andra planeringsmetoder som berör markanvändning så är det viktigtatt veta vilka effekter som kan förväntas av att införa pendlarparkeringar. Genom att vetavilka effekter som kan förväntas så blir möjligheterna bättre för beslutsfattare att tavälgrundade beslut och införa hållbara direktiv kopplade till stads och trafikplaneringen.Den här studien har utförts med data från två olika regioner för att ta reda på om effekterna avpendlarparkeringar skiljer sig beroende på vilken typ av miljö den är implementerad i.Dessutom har ytterligare en analys gjorts baserad på historiska data över resande, detta för attkunna mäta den direkta effekten av att införa eller expandera pendlarparkering på en hållplatsinom kollektivtrafiken.Resultatet visade att i glesbebyggda områden så var sambandet mellan antalet platser påpendlarparkeringar och antalet passagerare starkt. Statiner med fler pendlarparkeringsplatserhade fler resande än de med färre. Sambandet var inte lika starkt för stationer i förortsmiljö,ett visst samband kunde uppmätas men det var inte lika starkt. Analysen av de två regionernavisade dock på orealistiskt höga förhållanden mellan antalet pendlarparkeringsplatser ochantalet passagerare vilket indikerar att någon annan faktor också påverkar resultatet.Från analysen av historiska data över antal resande så visade resultatet att införandet avpendlarparkeringar ökar resandet med kollektivtrafiken i genomsnitt mer på de stationer därde införs jämfört med den generella trenden i kollektivtrafiksystemet. Detta indikerar attpendlarparkeringar har en positiv effekt på antalet resande med kollektivtrafiken.
28
Baxter, Jennifer Anne, e Jennifer Baxter@aifs gov au. "The Employment of Partnered Mothers in Australia, 1981 to 2001". The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20070716.112159.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The employment rate of young partnered women and partnered mothers increased considerably over the 1980s, while there was less change in the 1990s. This thesis explores these changes, with a focus on partnered mothers with young children. The objectives are to describe what the changes in female employment were, and to analyse why they might have occurred.
¶
The analyses were primarily quantitative, although they were put into context with extensive reviews of Australian and, where relevant, international literature. The primary source of data was Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Census data. Other data used included those from the ABS Child Care Surveys, Negotiating the Life Course Survey and the National Social Science Survey.
¶
Many changes in maternal employment were identified. The most notable change was the increase in the number and proportion of partnered mothers working part- time hours. Job characteristics also changed, with these women in full-time or part- time jobs more likely to be working in higher skilled professional and para- professional jobs in 2001, compared to 1981. For partnered mothers with a child aged less than one, the proportion working increased, but there was also evidence that more women were making use of maternity leave.
¶
Coinciding with these changes were a number of compositional changes, as women of succeeding birth cohorts were more educated, and more likely to delay marriage and childbearing. Attitudinal change was also evident, as people became more accepting of working wives. Attitudes to working mothers with young children changed less, with a strong preference for mothers to be at home when their children were young. Also over this period, there were many changes in infrastructure, policy and the labour market generally that had impacts on female employment opportunities and conditions. These changes are explored in detail, and their relationship to employment change examined.
¶
Because there were so many changes in these factors occurring over this period, the exact causes of employment change were difficult to identify. Also, an analysis of employment change is complicated because the causality of certain effects does not run in only one direction there are more complex links between education, childbearing and employment that should be accounted for in explaining changes over time. Similarly, changes in supply of labour are difficult to disentangle from changes in demand for labour.
¶
Compositional changes were certainly important in explaining the growth in the proportion working, especially for younger women. These women were not only more highly educated in 2001, they were less likely to have children. For working mothers, the effect of increased education levels could be seen in the greater numbers working in higher status occupations.
¶
The analyses of infrastructure and policy change, particularly that of changes in income support and child care provision which were covered in some detail, did suggest that certain aspects of these broader changes were associated with changes in employment, at least for some sections of the population. Income support changes may have enabled more mothers, particularly those in low-income households, to stay at home with young children. This might be part of the reason for the slower growth in female employment in the 1990s, as payments to single-income families increased.
¶
The increased availability of formal child care was likely to have enabled more mothers to work, although the use of informal care, and parental-care only also grew over the 1980s and 1990s. The cost of care continues to be prohibitive for some families.
¶
Increases in part-time work continued even when the overall rate of employment slowed down. Changes in industrial relations, through award restructuring and the introduction of enterprise bargaining, were associated with an increased availability of part-time jobs. This sustained use of part-time work was congruent with the employment preferences of working mothers with young children. Also, the evidence presented shows that part-time work has grown in higher status as well as lower status jobs.
¶
Overall, while it was not possible to identify the exact causes of employment change, the compositional (education and childbearing changes in particular), attitudinal and broader infrastructure/policy changes were no doubt related.
29
Smith, Derek, e n/a. "Movements, population dynamics and predatory behaviour of stoats inhabiting alpine grasslands in Fiordland". University of Otago. Department of Zoology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070330.160940.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Stoats are introduced mammalian carnivores implicated in the decline of several of New Zealand�s endemic species. Most research into stoats in New Zealand has focused on beech forest habitat, especially in years of peak stoat abundance following heavy beech seedfall and peak cohorts of mice. In New Zealand, alpine grasslands occur above the altitudinal limit of beech forest (900-1000 m a.s.l.). Although previous research has shown stoats to be present there, little is known about the ecology of stoats in alpine grasslands. This research aimed to test whether alpine grasslands were a marginal habitat occupied by surplus stoats that had spilled over from beech forest populations, i.e. a sink habitat. The alternative is that alpine grasslands are a desirable habitat deliberately exploited by stoats. This question was answered using mark-recapture, radio-tracking, diet analysis and a food addition experiment. Another objective was to determine whether nest survival is higher in alpine grassland compared to beech forest and whether stoats are likely to be a frequent predator of ground nests in alpine grasslands relative to other introduced mammals that inhabit them. If nest survival is higher in alpine grassland then alpine grasslands may be a refuge from predation. However, if it is not then it is important for management to know the relative risk posed by stoats compared with other predators. An artificial nest experiment was used to answer these questions. This research was undertaken during two years of low to intermediate beech seedfall and therefore provided an opportunity to look at the ecology of stoats in a New Zealand National Park outside years of peak abundance. The principal study site for this research was the Borland Valley, Fiordland National Park.
Compositional analysis showed that stoats in alpine grassland selected for it over adjacent beech forest. The range cores of these stoats were high up in alpine grassland away from the ecotone with beech forest. Stoats occurred at similar densities in alpine grasslands as they did in beech forest and observed survival was similar between the two habitats (with the exception of 2004 when it may have been higher in alpine grassland). The most frequent prey of stoats inhabiting beech forest were birds and mice. Although stoats in alpine grasslands also ate birds and mice their most frequent prey were ground weta and hare. Food addition appeared to cause diet switching but did not reduce the distances moved by stoats, suggesting that other factors may be more important in regulating their summer home range size in alpine grasslands. All of these factors lead to the conclusion that alpine grasslands in the Borland are not a marginal habitat for stoats, but may instead be a desirable one. Artificial nests had a higher probability of survival in alpine grassland compared to adjacent beech forest, but survival was too low to support the idea that alpine grasslands are a refuge. Stoats were the most frequent predator of artificial nests in both habitats, but 95 % confidence intervals overlapped the predation rate by possums, which was also high.
These findings illustrate the need for a comprehensive landscape approach to stoat control in montane National Parks, for two reasons: 1) endemic biodiversity in alpine grasslands may be under threat from stoat predation, 2) alpine grasslands may act as a source for dispersing stoats that reinvade lowland stoat control areas. In the absence of heavy beech seedfall and peak mouse abundance, stoats occurred at densities of around 1 km⁻� in both habitats and there was recruitment into these populations. This raises the important question: What regulates the distribution and abundance of stoats in years of low beech seedfall and low mouse abundance? In these years birds, ground weta and hares may be as important as mice are in years of peak abundance following heavy beech seedfall.
30
Sougoufara, Bassirou. "La fixation de N#2 par les casuarinas : Amélioration par sélection clonale et quantification par différentes méthodes". Nancy 1, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1990_0358_SOUGOUFARA.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La symbiose casuarina-frankia a été étudiée au Sénégal dans les conditions expérimentales au laboratoire et au champ avec pour objectif l'amélioration de la potentialité fixatrice de n#2 de cette association symbiotique. Nos recherches ont porté d'une part sur les microorganismes symbiotiques racinaires (frankia et champignons ectomycorhiziens) et d'autre part sur la plante hote. En ce qui concerne frankia, il existe deux groupes de souches: (I) le groupe des souches à spectre large qui nodulent à la fois les plantes du genre allocasuarina et celle du genre casuarina; (II) le groupe des souches à spectre restreint qui nodulent seulement les casuarinas. Dans le cas de la symbiose casuarina equisetifolia-frankia plus particulièrement étudiée ici, les souches utilisées appartiennent au deuxième type. L'exploitation de la variabilité de ses souches nous a permis de sélectionner une souche orso21001 (syn: cj. 1. 82) particulièrement effective. En ce qui concerne les casuarinacées il existe une grande variabilité dans l'aptitude à fixer n#2 pour une souche de frankia donnée. Pour exploiter cette variabilité naturelle génétique de la plante hote, nous avons proposé la stratégie suivante d'amélioration de la potentialité fixatrice de n#2 et de la productivité en sol carence en n de casuarina equisetifolia: (I) en premier lieu on effectue un criblage d'individus d'arbres juvéniles, ce criblage étant fondé d'une part sur la détermination de la biomasse des nodules en faisant appel à la méthode de réduction à l'acétylène (ara), la méthode par différence (TND), la méthode isotopique (id et av) et d'autre part sur la mesure de la biomasse des plantes entières exprimée en poids sec et en n total; (II) ensuite les individus d'arbres sélectionnés sont multipliés végétativement par des techniques de micro propagation à partir de fragments de rameaux photosynthétiques (individus jeunes) ou d'inflorescences femelles immatu.
31
Whitehead, Georgina, e rj-gw@bigpond net au. "From acclimatisation towards ecology: The influence of environmental thought in Melbourne's public parkland ca 1850-1920". RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080218.093050.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study considers how environmental concerns helped shape Melbourne's public parkland in the period 1850-1920, when Melbourne's first parks were developed and during which ecology began to replace natural history as the determinant of environmental thought. Theories propounded by such figures as Alexander von Humboldt and George Perkins Marsh profoundly influenced land management around the world during this period, and by relating specific parkland developments to professional and popular ideas about the environment the study aims to place the parkland in an international context. Previous research has given little thought to the effect of environmental thought on Melbourne's parks, except for Ferdinand von Mueller's development of the Melbourne Botanic Garden where the influence is evident. Such influence has not been considered in Clement Hodgkinson's contemporaneous development of the city's other parks and gardens even though, like Mueller, Hodgkinson was closely involved with environmental issues of the day. The Field Naturalists Club of Victoria, of which Mueller was a member, has long been credited with influencing Wattle Park's development early in the 20th century, although there is little critical analysis of the extent to which it was able to bring popular concerns about the environment to bear on park design. The relationship between Mueller's environmental views and actions and his development of the Botanic Garden is discussed first. Connections are then made between Hodgkinson's early experiences as a surveyor, his later work as Victoria's foremost land manager, his association with Mueller, and his design of Melbourne's first parks and gardens. Finally, the FNCV's involvement in park development is examined while exploring the changing nature of environmental thought. Clearly, environmental thought did influence the development of some parkland, but only those reserves administered by Mueller and Hodgkinson and only while the two men remained in control. The success of the FNCV in influencing the future direction of any Melbourne park or garden is not so easily discernible, with little evidence that the Club played an important role in Wattle Park's development.
32
Brasil, Stella Bianca Gonçalves [UNESP]. "Seleção de indicadores para a gestão de saúde no município". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98490.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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brasil_sbg_me_botfm.pdf: 559195 bytes, checksum: 91297a6810c127866f03f35c35b5201b (MD5)Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O presente estudo tem como objetivos selecionar, descrever e analisar indicadores, comumente utilizados na realização de diagnóstico e planejamento de saúde, identificando aqueles de mais fácil obtenção e peso, contribuindo com o processo de construção de instrumentos que caracterizem as diversidades intermunicipais em saúde. A necessidade de se promover a distribuição dos recursos financeiros do setor saúde, entre os municípios, impõe enormes desafios ao processo de planejamento. A heterogeneidade dos municípios, quanto às dimensões: demográfica, sócio-econômica, gerencial, epidemiológica, assistencial e financeira, conduz a desigualdades. A dificuldade em encontrar uma metodologia que caracterizasse essas desigualdades, com a finalidade de reduzi-las e obter equidade no setor saúde, levou à elaboração desta investigação. O estudo foi na região de Bauru, composta por 40 municípios, habilitados na gestão plena da atenção básica e um município, habilitado na gestão plena do sistema de saúde, tendo por referência dados do ano 2000. Utilizou-se como instrumental, os indicadores comumente descritos na literatura em estudos de diagnóstico de saúde, de eqüidade e de alocação de recursos orçamentários. Os dados primários foram colhidos de variadas fontes e os indicadores construídos e tratados, estatisticamente, pela análise do componente principal. As facilidades e dificuldades para a construção dos indicadores se referiram a: disponibilidade e acesso às fonte de dados; existência de equipamentos e programas para seu processamento; e conhecimento técnico para sua análise e interpretação. Dos 64 indicadores inicialmente selecionados, restaram apenas 24 que foram estatisticamente analisados, sendo que aqueles agrupados nas dimensões epidemiológica e sócio...
The present research has as aims to select, describe and analyze the commonly used in diagnostics realization and health planning indicators, identifying those one easier acquisition and power, contributing with the instruments constructing process that characterizes the intermunicipal diversity in health. The necessity in promoting the public health funds, among the municipality (cities), determines huge defiances in planning. The cities heterogeneity as for demographic, socio-economical, management, epidemiologyc, assistancy and financier dimensions, directs to the several inequalities into them. The difficulty in finding a methodology that described these inequalities, with the purpose in reducing them and getting equity in health department, gave rise to the instruments construction. This research was realized about Bauru, country São Paulo, composed by 40 cities able in full administration of basic attention and one city able in full administration of the system, having as reference year 2000 data. They were used as instrumental, the indicators commonly described into literature in studies of health diagnostics, of equity and the allocation of budget resources. The prime data were gathered from several sources and the indicators constructed and treated, statistically, through the principal component analysis. The facilities and the difficulties in getting or disposing data in constructing the indicators were related to the following: data source, existence of equipment and program to processing and technical knowledge to analysis and interpretation. Among the 64 initially selected indicators, only 24 analyzed statistically remained, and those one grouped in epidemiological and socio-economical dimensions showed to have, respectively, the smaller and the largest... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
33
Didoni, Bianca [UNESP]. "Avaliação de acessibilidade e informações sobre políticas públicas para pessoas com deficiência em portais eletrônicos de governo paulistas". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89434.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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didoni_b_me_bauru.pdf: 653317 bytes, checksum: c0cd8bb7ff5df182f018011e294ce4db (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O advento das tecnologias traz para a área da comunicação pública a possibilidade de mudar o processo de diálogo entre governo e cidadão. Isto implica o fortalecimento da democracia, tornando a sociedade mais participativa com acesso a informações. Esta pesquisa avaliou a acessibilidade e a presença de informações sobre políticas públicas para as pessoas com deficiência disponíveis nos portais eletrônicos das 15 cidades sede das regiões administrativas do Estado de São Paulo: Araçatuba, Araraquara, Barretos, Bauru, Campinas, Franca, Marília, Presidente Prudente, Registro, Ribeirão Preto, Santos, São Carlos, São José do Rio Preto, São José dos Campos e São Paulo. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizou a análise de conteúdo, verificando informações sobre políticas públicas para deficientes por meio de 14 categorias de avaliação: antecedentes, diagnóstico, objetivos, metas, recursos atuais, ações atuais, recursos planejados, ações planejadas, eficiência, eficácia, custo-efetividade, impacto, satisfação do usuário e equidade. Foram analisadas 73 páginas web, que alcançaram 20% do total que, no âmbito teórico-metodológico da pesquisa, se considera necessário para a caracterização completa de uma política pública. Os municípios de Araçatuba, Araraquara, Marília e Registro não apresentaram informações sobre a temática analisada em seu portal eletrônico. Para avaliar a acessibilidade nas páginas web, foi utilizado o Modelo de Acessibilidade de Governo Eletrônico, do governo federal brasileiro, e o software DaSilva, o qual detectou 1.419 erros de acessibilidade. Os resultados indicam a insuficiência das informações e dos recursos de acessibilidade nos portais analisados
The technologies advents bring to the public communication area the possibility of changing the dialog process between the government and the citizen. That means, strengthening the democracy, turning the society to a more participative one with access to information. This dissertation project assessed the acessibility and the quality of information in the public policy area applied to the disabled people available on the electronic portals of 15 administrative cities in the São Paulo State: Araçatuba, Araraquara, Barretos, Bauru, Campinas, Franca, Marília, Presidente Prudente, Registro, Ribeirão Preto, Santos, São Carlos, São José do Rio Preto, São José dos Campos and São Paulo. The methodology of this dissertation used the content analyses, verifying information about public policy to disabled people throughout 14 assessment categories: antecedents, diagnosis, objectives, targets, current resources, current actions, determined resources, effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, impact, user satisfaction and fairness. It was detected 73 policies in the web pages which took up 20% of the information quality index, surrounding the theory and methodology of this dissertation, it is necessary to the complete characterization of a public policy. Only the cities of Araçatuba, Araraquara, Marilia and Registro showed no policy on their web portal. In order to acess the acessibility on web pages it was used the assessment report developed by the e-mag, through the Virtual Acessibility Project and the evaluator dasilva, which found 1,419 accessibility errors through three assessment priorities. The results indicate the lack of information and accessibility resources of the analyzed portals
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Smith, Victor, Ankit Patel, Emily Ford, Demetrio M. D. Macariola e Alex Yu. "Shigatoxin E. coli (STEC) in Public Park at Different Seasons of the Year". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2020/presentations/56.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BACKGROUND:
In the U.S. STEC HUS is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children. In TN from 1996-2017 there were 2008 STEC cases were reported. Every year in the U.S, there 36 reported mortality each year. At our local children’s hospital, 4-5 children are hospitalized with STEC infection each year. Some of these children had no history of ingesting food items that could have placed them at risk to develop STEC infection; however, there are other ways that humans could get infected, such as exposure to contaminated water from cattle farms.
GOALS:
To determine if there are differences in the presence of STEC at a local park at different seasons of the year.
METHODS:
Fifty (50) ml of water samples were collected from a creek in 2 areas of public park in Johnson City, TN. Samples were inoculated to Sorbitol McConkey Agar (SMAC) plates under sterile techniques & incubated at 36C for 18 hours under aerobic conditions.
RESULTS: Table demonstrating presence of STEC from water samples at different seasons of the year.
SEASON OF THE YEAR
# COLONIES FOUNDERS PARK
# COLONIES LIBRARY PARK
SUMMER JUNE 2018
A:1 B:1 C:2
TOTAL: 4
A: 3 B: 2 C: 1
TOTAL: 6
FALL SEPT 2018
A: 1 B: 3 C: 2
TOTAL: 6
A: 1 B:2 C:4
TOTAL: 7
WINTER DEC 2018
A: 1 B: 0 C: 1
TOTAL: 2
A: 0 B: 1 C: 1
TOTAL: 2
SPRING MARCH 2019
A: 2 B: 2 C:1
TOTAL: 5
A: 0 B: 0 C: 0
TOTAL: 0
DISCUSSION/ CONCLUSION:
STEC was present at almost every season of the year. Public health measures should be undertaken to inform the community that these waters around public parks are contaminated with STEC to prevent STEC infection.
References: TN Dept of Health CEDEP report CDC website
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Kern, Christine Luise, e n/a. "Demarketing as a tool for managing visitor demand in national parks: an Australian case study". University of Canberra. Languages, International Studies & Tourism, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061114.125254.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nature-based tourism and recreation is a growing phenomenon around the world. In
Australia, nature-based tourism represents an important part of the tourism sector and is to
a large extent dependent on protected areas such as World Heritage areas, marine parks
and national parks. While tourism and recreation can benefit protected areas, some are
under pressure from visitation and marketing should play a role in managing visitor
demand. To this end, a number of authors have suggested demarketing as a management
tool to address situations of excess visitor demand, however, research on demarketing in
protected areas is limited. To address this research gap, this thesis examines the use of
demarketing in Australian national parks that face excess visitor demand using a case study
on the Blue Mountains National Park. The thesis investigates factors that contribute to high
visitor demand for the park, the use of demarketing to manage demand and factors that
influence when and how demarketing is applied. Demarketing is that aspect of marketing
that deals with discouraging customers in general or a certain class of customers in
particular on either a temporary or permanent basis. In protected areas specifically,
demarketing is concerned with reducing visitor numbers in total or selectively and
redistributing demand spatially or temporarily.
Six factors that contribute to high visitor demand for the national park were identified
including the attractiveness of the park, its proximity to Sydney and the fact that the park is
a renowned destination with icon sites. It was established that no holistic demarketing
strategy is currently employed in the park and that the demarketing measures that are
applied are not consciously used as demarketing. The measures used in the Blue Mountains
National Park were discussed according to their association with the marketing mix
components (4 Ps). Demarketing measures related to �product� include limiting
recreational activities by defining specific areas where they can be conducted, limiting the
duration of activities and closures of sites or features in the park. The measures related to
�place� are the use of a booking system, limiting visitor numbers and group sizes,
commercial licensing and limiting signage. Measures related to �price� are not extensively
used in the park. The promotional demarketing measures applied include stressing
restrictions and appropriate environmental behaviour in promotional material and nonpromotion
of certain areas or experiences in the park. Importantly, these demarketing
measures are not employed across the whole park or for all user groups, but are used for
certain experiences in specific contexts and circumstances.
Three types of factors influence the use of demarketing in the Blue Mountains National
Park: pragmatic considerations, resource considerations and stakeholder interests.
Pragmatic considerations include the feasibility and effectiveness of certain demarketing
measures, which are influenced by the specific context of the national park. Resource
considerations relate to financial, human and temporal resources and the findings suggest
that a lack of resources influences and at times inhibits the use of demarketing measures. It
was also found that various stakeholders have a profound influence on the use of
demarketing measures. The stakeholder groups have diverse interests and therefore
influence the use of demarketing in different ways by supporting or impeding certain
measures.
Based on the findings and limitations of this study, recommendations for government and
future research are made. These emphasise among others the need for more consistent and
comprehensive collection of visitor information to tailor management actions more
effectively. It is also suggested that a more conscious and holistic application of
demarketing measures may help to manage visitor demand to parks proactively to ensure
that the resource remains for future generations.
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Ushijima, Fernanda Rais [UNESP]. "A política externa brasileira para os emigrantes e seus descendentes". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88824.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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ushijima_fr_me_mar.pdf: 1212134 bytes, checksum: c288b504bc1e1b9a2b63e4d403a4d091 (MD5)O Brasil, a partir da década de 1980, com a saída de brasileiros rumo a outros países, torna-se um país de emigração. Acompanhando essa tendência, o Estado brasileiro mudou sua postura em relação ao fenômeno, aumentando o seu espaço na política externa. A pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar um mapeamento das políticas voltadas para os emigrantes e seus descendentes, no período de 1990 a 2010, tendo como foco a sua principal instância: o Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Na análise da adaptação do Estado brasileiro, identificamos quatro tipos de ações: I) Reformas burocráticas; II) Conhecimento e participação dos brasileiros no exterior; III) Serviços consulares e outras medidas de apoio e cidadania; e IV) Políticas de vinculação e transferência de recursos. Verificamos que essas políticas, em seu conjunto, podem funcionar como uma política de Estado, a qual, além de proporcionar direitos, tenta levar a soberania sobre os emigrantes e os seus descendentes, bem como promover interesses estatais. A política para os brasileiros no exterior, por envolver sempre uma relação entre Estados, é necessariamente uma política externa. Com isso, o espaço extraterritorial se apresenta tanto como possibilidade, quanto limite, no alcance à população no exterior
With the exit of Brazilians to other countries since the 1980s, Brazil has become a country of emigration. Following such tendency, the Brazilian State has changed its posture in respose to the phenomenon, increasing its importance in foreign policy actions. This research proposes to map public policies for emigrants, from 1990 to 2010, focusing on the main executor: the Ministry of Foreign Relations. In the analysis of the adaptation of the Brazilian State, we could identify four types of actions: I) Administrative Reforms; II) Knowledge and participation of Brazilians abroad; III) Consular services and other actions of support and citizenship; and IV) Policies to promote bonding and transference of resources. We verified that such policies, as a group, may work as a State Policy, that beyond extending rights, try to extend sovereignty over emigrants and their descendants, as well as to reach interests of the State. Since Policies for Brazilians abroad compulsorily require relations between States, they are necessarily a kind of foreign policy. Therefore, the extraterritorial space presents for them, both as a possibility and a limit in the reach for the population abroad
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Steiner, Bruno. "Espace public et pensée-paysage : faire place au public par le paysage". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG059.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse s’intéresse à la fabrique d’espaces publics urbains par le paysage en articulant deux questions : - A travers une approche épistémologique de la démarche de projet paysager, elle tente d’identifier les fondements conceptuels qui définissent une pensée-paysage de la ville, en soulignant certains paradigmes qui la singularisent : la marche, la carte, le jardin.- En repérant les risques et enjeux engagés par la « crise de visibilité » qui affecte aujourd’hui l’espace public sous la double forme d’un délitement des modes de coprésence et d’une spectacularisation des territoires urbains, elle s’interroge sur les nouvelles perspectives ouvertes par cette nouvelle culture de projet pour relier à nouveau espace public politique et espaces publics. A la croisée entre esthétique et politique, la fabrique d’espace public peut être l’art d’inventer de nouveaux processus de subjectivation. La thèse envisage les parcours et les récits, comme les matières premières d’aménagements spatiaux instaurateurs d’un public émancipé ; elle explore quelques tactiques d’écritures paysagèresThis thesis deals with the making of urban public areas through the landscape focusing on two issues:- Through an epistemic approach of the landscaping project process, it intends to identify the conceptual founding principles characterizing a landscape-way of thinking the city, highlightening some paradigms that single it out: walk, map, garden.- Spotting out the risks and stakes involved in the “visibility crisis” that affects the public area nowadays in the double form of the co-presence modes that break down and of the dramatization of urban territories, it questions the new prospects opened by this new project culture to connect again political area and public areas. At the cross-road between aesthetics and politics, the making of public space can be the art to invent new processes of subjectification. The thesis considers the journeys and the tales, as raw materials to layout the areas establishing an emancipated audience; it explores some tactics of landscape writings
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Bertsch, Arnaud. "Microstéréophotolithographie par masquage dynamique". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_BERTSCH_A.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette étude traite de la réalisation d'une nouvelle méthode de microstéréophotolithographie utilisant un écran à cristaux liquides comme masque dynamique. Elle s'inscrit dans l'optique d'une diversification des techniques de microfabrication susceptibles d'être utilisées pour la construction de composants mécaniques miniaturisés, ces dernières étant pour le moment limitées aux procédés dérivés des techniques d'usinage du silicium qui ne permettent pas la fabrication de pièces tridimensionnelles de grande complexité géométrique. Nous présentons le principe de fonctionnement d'un tel dispositif, son intérêt. L’utilisation d'un écran à cristaux liquides comme partie active du procédé impose le choix d'un système chimique photopolymérisable approprié, réagissant dans le domaine de longueurs d'onde visibles. Une modélisation simplifiée de l'effet du photoblanchiment et de la fluorescence de la résine utilisée permet d'évaluer l'incidence de ces phénomènes sur la résolution spatiale de la photopolymérisation. Une étude expérimentale de la résolution spatiale du dispositif réalisé permet de définir ses conditions de fonctionnement. L’application du procédé à la fabrication d'objets tridimensionnels de petites dimensions formés d'un grand nombre de couches de géométries complexes illustre ses potentialités dans le domaine des microtechniques
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Celino, Suely Deysny de Matos. "Programa Pesquisa para o SUS: a contribuição para gestão e serviços de saúde na Paraíba". Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/1696.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Previous issue date: 2011-04-12INTRODUCTION: Health research is widely recognized for its contribution to human development and should seek to meet national health priorities, to thereby improve the health of the population. Thus, the Research Program for the Unified Health System: shared management in health presents the purpose to fund research on priority areas for the health of the Brazilian population, contribute to the improvement of the Unified Health System and promote the development of science and technology in health in all states of the federation. GOAL: to understand the researchers perception about the contribution of research funded by the edicts Research Program for the Unified Health System in Paraiba state, to solving the priority health problems of the population of Paraiba, to reduce regional inequalities in health and to strengthen the management of Unified Health System. METHODS: An exploratory study with a qualitative approach, developed from the documentary survey of the notices Research Program for the Unified Health System 2004 and 2006 and the final reports of research relating to these notices, as well as semi-structured interview to 28 coordinators to these studies. Triangulation strategy was used in order to identify (in) congruities and complementarities between the different data sources. RESULTS: Data were subjected to content analysis, which converged into five categories: financial resources, field work, solving the health problems, reducing regional inequalities and contribution to management. The wide spectrum of interpretations and categorized reports reveals the gap in the operativeness of the state program. CONCLUSIONS: The Paraiba state still needs some adjustments so that the Research Program for the Unified Health System can be effectively on completion, for example, ensuring that the knowledge generated can be realized in the health policies and actions, since the research funded in the state respond to the health needs of the population, and even to the difficulties of the Unified Health System management. Nevertheless, this Program can truly contribute to the scientific and technological development in our country, by reducing regional inequalities in this field. Therefore, it is necessary to find strategies for dialogue and dissemination of research results not only to management, but to the population as a whole, so that effectively these studies show the practical contribution. Clearly, this attitude must rely on the joint effort of the researchers, the Support Foundation for Research and the State health management.
INTRODUÇÃO: A pesquisa em saúde é amplamente reconhecida pela sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento humano, devendo buscar atender às prioridades sanitárias nacionais, para, assim, melhorar as condições de saúde da população. Destarte, o Programa Pesquisa para o SUS: gestão compartilhada em saúde PPSUS apresenta o intuito de financiar pesquisas em temas prioritários para a saúde da população brasileira; contribuir com o aprimoramento do Sistema Único de Saúde e promover o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico em saúde em todos os estados da federação. OBJETIVO: Compreender a percepção dos pesquisadores sobre a contribuição das pesquisas financiadas pelos editais PPSUS no Estado da Paraíba, para a resolução dos problemas prioritários de saúde da população paraibana, para a redução das desigualdades regionais na área da saúde e para o fortalecimento da gestão do SUS. MÉTODO: Estudo exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido a partir do levantamento documental dos editais PPSUS 2004 e 2006, além dos relatórios finais de pesquisas relativos a esses editais, bem como através de entrevista semiestruturada a 28 coordenadores desses estudos. Foi utilizada estratégia de triangulação com o objetivo de identificar (in)congruências e complementaridades existentes entre as diferentes fontes de dados. RESULTADOS: Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, que convergiram em cinco categorias: recursos financeiros; trabalho de campo; resolução dos problemas de saúde; redução das desigualdades regionais; contribuição para a gestão. O amplo espectro de interpretações e relatos categorizados revela a lacuna existente na operacionalização do programa no estado. CONCLUSÕES: A Paraíba ainda necessita de alguns ajustes para que efetivamente o PPSUS possa se efetivar em completude, como por exemplo, a garantia de que o conhecimento gerado possa se concretizar em políticas e ações de saúde, visto que as pesquisas financiadas em nosso estado respondem às necessidades de saúde da população, e até mesmo às dificuldades de gestão do SUS. Apesar disso, esse Programa pode verdadeiramente contribuir para o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico em nosso país, por meio da redução das desigualdades regionais nesse campo. Para tanto, é necessário buscar estratégias de interlocução e divulgação dos resultados das pesquisas, não só à gestão, mas à população como um todo, para que efetivamente esses estudos apresentem contribuição prática. É evidente que essa atitude deve contar com o esforço conjunto dos pesquisadores, da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e da gestão estadual de saúde.
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Mesquita, Barros Carlos Eduardo de. "Pétrologie et structure du Complexe Granitique Estrela (2. 5 Ga) et de son encaissant métavolcano-sédimentaire (Province Métallifère de Carajas, Brésil)". Nancy 1, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1997_0190_DE_MESQUITA_BARROS.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La Province Métallifère de Carajas, située au Sud-est du craton Amazonien, renferme une extensive séquence métavolcano-sédimentaire d'âge archéen (-2. 76 Ga) recoupée par des granites fini-archéens (-2. 57 Ga). Nous avons caractérisé pétrologiquement et structuralement le Complexe Granitique Estrela et son encaissant métavolcano-sédimentaire immédiat. La séquence métavolcano-sédimentaire est constituée essentiellement de métabasites auxquelles sont subordonnées des ultrabasites, formations ferrifères, quartzites, métapélites et roches calco-silicatées. Les métabasites présentent la signature chimique des tholéiites riches en fer. Cette association lithologique est comparable aux ceintures de roches vertes archéennes. L'évolution métamorphique de cette séquence comprend trois phases. La première phase (Mo) correspond à des transformations hydrothermales de faciès schiste-vert ou plus bas, sans destruction des textures magmatiques initiales. La phase Mt se traduit par des transformations minéralogiques de faciès schiste-vert et le développement d'une schistosité -EW localisée. La phase M2 est liée à l'auréole de contact du Complexe Granitique Estrela. Trois domaines de métamorphisme croissant ont été reconnus: auréole externe (450-550°C), auréole interne (550650°C) et zone d'enclaves (650-750°C). Les roches de l'auréole interne montrent une fabrique forte à l'opposé des enclaves présentant une texture granoblastique. L'ubiquité des veines à amphibole est attribuée à la phase M2. Différents critères indiquent que l'auréole de contact s'est formée sous des conditions de basse pression « 4. 5 kbar) et de basse fugacité d'oxygène. Le Complexe Granitique Estrela a une forme grossièrement elliptique allongée selon la direction E-W. Cependant, les structures et la répartition spatiale des types pétrographiques montrent que le massif est constitué de plusieurs plutons. Les monzogranites sont prédominants (parmi lesquels plusieurs faciès ont été distingués en fonction des proportions de minéraux mafiques) sur des syénogranites, granodiorites et tonalites. Ces roches ont une signature subalcaline avec des rapports FeO*/MgO et Ga/Al et des teneurs en Zr, Ce, Nb, Y et terres rares (Eu excepté) élevés. Deux groupes contrastés sont identifiés: l'un métalumineux (roches riches en hornblende) et l'autre faiblement peralumineux (roches riches en biotite). Les caractéristiques chimiques sont celles des granites de type A post-archéens. Les conditions de mise en place sont estimées à: P≤4. 5 kbar, T= 750-850°C, basse fugacité d'oxygène (avec oxydation au cours de la consolidation). Deux surfaces principales ont été reconnues dans les plutons constitutifs du Complexe Granitique Estrela. Une première surface (S0), subhorizontale au centre et subverticale en périphérie est marquée par un rubanement et une fabrique. Une seconde surface (S1) marquée par un rubanement et/ou une schistosité subverticaux reprend la surface initiale. S1 est associée à des plis dont les axes sont proches de EW (sauf dans la partie NE) mais dont le plongement est variable (horizontal à vertical). Des zones mylonitiques (S1m) se développent postérieurement. S0 est considérée comme liée au premiers stades de la mise en place des plutons, SIest interprétée comme résultant d'une interférence entre la mise en place et un contexte régional compressif NS, au moment de la consolidation et S1m correspond à la création de zones d'instabilité mécanique en fin de consolidation du massif. La présence plus à l'Ouest de granites semblables (Old Salobo) par leur âge (2. 57 Ga), leur chimisme (granites de type A) et l'évolution métamorphique de leur encaissant (BP, HT), suggère que cet épisode magmatique n'est pas localisé mais qu'il a une extension régionale. Ceci semble d'autant plus réel que les régions de Carajas et de Rio Maria ont subi une reprise des systèmes isotopiques Rb-Sr et K-Ar à la même époque. Enfin, cette similitude pétrographique, chimique, géochronologique et métamorphique entre le domaine Estrela et le domaine Old Salobo permet de considérer que les différentes séquences volcano-sédimentaires (Salobo, Pojuca, Grao Para et Rio Novo) appartiennent à une seule et même unité.
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Brasil, Stella Bianca Gonçalves. "Seleção de indicadores para a gestão de saúde no município /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98490.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Orientador: Antonio Luiz Caldas JuniorAcompanhado de 1 disquete
Resumo: O presente estudo tem como objetivos selecionar, descrever e analisar indicadores, comumente utilizados na realização de diagnóstico e planejamento de saúde, identificando aqueles de mais fácil obtenção e peso, contribuindo com o processo de construção de instrumentos que caracterizem as diversidades intermunicipais em saúde. A necessidade de se promover a distribuição dos recursos financeiros do setor saúde, entre os municípios, impõe enormes desafios ao processo de planejamento. A heterogeneidade dos municípios, quanto às dimensões: demográfica, sócio-econômica, gerencial, epidemiológica, assistencial e financeira, conduz a desigualdades. A dificuldade em encontrar uma metodologia que caracterizasse essas desigualdades, com a finalidade de reduzi-las e obter equidade no setor saúde, levou à elaboração desta investigação. O estudo foi na região de Bauru, composta por 40 municípios, habilitados na gestão plena da atenção básica e um município, habilitado na gestão plena do sistema de saúde, tendo por referência dados do ano 2000. Utilizou-se como instrumental, os indicadores comumente descritos na literatura em estudos de diagnóstico de saúde, de eqüidade e de alocação de recursos orçamentários. Os dados primários foram colhidos de variadas fontes e os indicadores construídos e tratados, estatisticamente, pela análise do componente principal. As facilidades e dificuldades para a construção dos indicadores se referiram a: disponibilidade e acesso às fonte de dados; existência de equipamentos e programas para seu processamento; e conhecimento técnico para sua análise e interpretação. Dos 64 indicadores inicialmente selecionados, restaram apenas 24 que foram estatisticamente analisados, sendo que aqueles agrupados nas dimensões epidemiológica e sócio... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The present research has as aims to select, describe and analyze the commonly used in diagnostics realization and health planning indicators, identifying those one easier acquisition and power, contributing with the instruments constructing process that characterizes the intermunicipal diversity in health. The necessity in promoting the public health funds, among the municipality (cities), determines huge defiances in planning. The cities heterogeneity as for demographic, socio-economical, management, epidemiologyc, assistancy and financier dimensions, directs to the several inequalities into them. The difficulty in finding a methodology that described these inequalities, with the purpose in reducing them and getting equity in health department, gave rise to the instruments construction. This research was realized about Bauru, country São Paulo, composed by 40 cities able in full administration of basic attention and one city able in full administration of the system, having as reference year 2000 data. They were used as instrumental, the indicators commonly described into literature in studies of health diagnostics, of equity and the allocation of budget resources. The prime data were gathered from several sources and the indicators constructed and treated, statistically, through the principal component analysis. The facilities and the difficulties in getting or disposing data in constructing the indicators were related to the following: data source, existence of equipment and program to processing and technical knowledge to analysis and interpretation. Among the 64 initially selected indicators, only 24 analyzed statistically remained, and those one grouped in epidemiological and socio-economical dimensions showed to have, respectively, the smaller and the largest... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
42
Wimpey, Jeremy Felton. "Assessing and Evaluating Recreational Trails on Public Lands". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28284.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation contains two journal articles; the first article (Chapter 2) evaluates the relative influences of use, managerial and environmental factors on trail width, from a survey of all formal trails in Acadia National Park, Maine, USA. Regression analyses of trail width data focus on increasing our understanding of the relationships among visitor use, environmental and managerial factors and trail width. In particular, regression modeling was used to evaluate the relative importance of factors that influence trail width along hiking trails. ANOVA analyses demonstrate differences in trail width based on trail surface type, and the presence or absence of trail borders. A novel approach of comparing intended widths to actual widths enabled us to look specifically at the avoidable and undesirable impacts associated with having a trail that is wider than intended. Informal trails (visitor created) represent a threat to the natural resources of protected natural areas around the globe. These trails can remove vegetation, displace wildlife, alter hydrology, alter habitat, spread invasive species, and fragment landscapes.
The second article (Chapter 3) examines informal and formal trails within Great Falls Park, VA, a sub-unit of the George Washington Memorial Parkway, managed by the U.S. National Park Service. This study sought to answer three specific questions: 1) Are the physical characteristics and topographic alignments of informal trails significantly different from formal trails, 2) Can landscape fragmentation metrics be used to summarize the relative impacts of formal and informal trail networks on a protected natural area?, and 3) What can we learn from examining the spatial distribution of the informal trails within protected natural areas? Statistical comparisons between formal and informal trails in this park indicate that informal trails have less sustainable topographic alignments than their formal counterparts. Spatial summaries of the lineal and areal extent and fragmentation associated with the trail networks by park management zones compare park management goals to the assessed attributes. Hotspot analyses highlight areas of high trail density within the park and findings provide insights regarding potential causes for development of dense informal trail networks.Ph. D.
43
Le, Floch François. "Production et glycosylation d'EPO par cellules CHO : caractérisation par électrophorèse capillaire au cours de procédés discontinus". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2003_LE_FLOCH_F.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ce travail a pour objectif d'améliorer la maîtrise de la glycosylation des protéines recombinantes produites par culture de cellules animales, ceci par l'étude de l'influence du procédé de culture sur la structure glycannique d'une protéine modèle: l'érythopoi͏̈étine (EPO) produite par cellules CHO. La construction du système d'étude a d'abord nécessité plusieurs étapes: la génération d'un clone CHO producteur d'EPO performant, la mise au point d'une méthode de purification de la protéine par immuno- affinité et l'adaptation d'une technique d'analyse de la glycosylation aux contraintes de notre système. Deux paramètres particuliers du procédé de culture ont donc été plus précisément étudiés au cours de ce travail: l'avancement de la culture et la présence de sérum dans le milieu. L'étude du suivi de la glycosylation de l'EPO en cours de culture discontinue avec sérum a mis en évidence une désialylation progressive de la protéine durant la deuxième partie de la culture, de même qu'une lyse cellulaire importante. Une activité sialidasique significative ayant également été observée simultanément, une dégradation enzymatique faisant suite à la lyse cellulaire semble être à l'origine de ce phénomène en présence de sérum. Après adaptation des cellules au milieu sans sérum, la désialylation de l'EPO s'est par contre révélée stable tout au long des cultures réalisées en l'absence de sérum. L'étude de la glycosylation de l'EPO produite en présence de sérum par des cellules adaptées à la culture sans sérum a montré que la désialylation de l'EPO était directement liée à la présence de sérum, et non à la procédure d'adaptation des cellules au milieu sans sérum. En conclusion, cette étude a mis en évidence l'influence significative que pouvait avoir certains paramètres du procédé de culture sur la qualité de l'EPO produite par notre systèmeThe scope of this work is to improve the control of the glycosylation of recombinant proteins produced by animal cell culture by studying the influence of the culture process on the glycan structure of a model protein : CHO cell produced EPO. For building the system, several step were necessary : the generation of a high-EPO-producer CHO cell clone, the set-up of an immuno-affinity purification method and the adaptation of a technique for analysis of protein glycosylation to our system constraints. Then, two parameters of the culture process were studied more precisely : the culture time and the presence of serum. By monitoring EP9 glycosylation in the course of serum-containing batch cultures, we observed a progressive desialylation of the protein during the second part of the culture and an important cell lysis. Since a significative siaiidase activitv was also found in the same time, this phenomenon seemed to be induced by an enzymatic degradation following cell lysis in serum-containing cultures. On the other band, after serum-free adaptation, EPO sialylation was found constant during the whole serum-free cultures. Anaiysis of EPO glycosylation produced in serum-containing medium by serum-free adapted cells showed that the occurring desialylation was directly linked to the presence of serum and not to the serum-free adaptation procedure. To conclude, this work clearly shows the important influence of sorne process parameters on the quality of EPO when produced in our system
44
Walter, Stefanie. "Explaining policy responses to speculative attacks : the political economy of currency crises /". Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17085&part=abstracts.
Testo completo
45
Berton, Benjamin. "Hydratation par adsorption de vapeur d'eau ou par immersion des farines de blé et de leurs constituants". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2002_BERTON_B.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les études de sorption d'eau de farines issues de chaque étape de la mouture ont mis en évidence un mécanisme d'hydratation par sites hydrophiles internes aux particules. Pour des aw inférieures à 0,8, l'hydratation est régie par l'amidon, pour des aw supérieures à 0,8 les capacités de sorption de vapeur d'eau dépendent des teneurs en protéines et en pentosanes, mais aussi de la structure de la farine. Les mesures de capacités d'hydratation par immersion confirment cette observation et mettent en évidence l'influence supplémentaire de l'amidon endommagé. L'étude des états physiques de l'eau par RMN et par ATD a confirmé l'affinité de ces composants pour l'eau. Plus la farine est riche en protéines et en amidon endommagé, moins les molécules d'eau sont mobiles. Ces études ont montré que les interactions entre l'eau et la farine évoluent au cours de l'hydratation. Les spectres FTIR ont montrés des modifications structurales des protéines lors de l'hydratation.
46
Johnson, Dwight. "A PUBLIC HISTORY PROJECT ATBLAKELEY HISTORIC PARK, ALABAMA". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2401.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The public history project described herein was performed at Blakeley Historic Park, Alabama. The project included the preparation of survey maps depicting the location, size and directional orientation of Confederate and Union earthworks, which were used during the siege and battle of Fort Blakely in April 1865. The project also included historical research and documentation of findings relative to the design, construction and use of the Confederate fortifications at Blakeley Park. This research attempts to answer the questions; who ordered or directed the earthworks to be built, who designed them and supervised their construction, when were they built, and who provided the labor for their construction? Recommendations are made for the acquisition potential of earthworks found that were outside of present park boundaries. In addition, recommendations are made for preservation of existing earthworks within the park. The historical essay on the Confederate fortifications advances the argument that the design and construction effort was beset with shortages of engineers needed for design and supervision, shortages of labor needed for construction, and a shortage of troops to man the fortifications. Because this project combined modern day Global Positioning System surveying and Geographic Information System mapping technology with historical research methodology, collaboration with faculty experts in the College of Engineering and Computer Science was essential.M.A.
Department of History
Arts and Humanities
History MA
47
Roe, John H., e n/a. "THE TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY OF A FRESHWATER TURTLE, CHELODINA LONGICOLLIS, IN BOODEREE NATIONAL PARK, AUSTRALIA". University of Canberra. Institute for Applied Ecology, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20081009.143208.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Most studies of wetlands tend to focus on the biotic and abiotic interactions within the aquatic habitat. Though wetlands and associated biota may appear to be somewhat isolated from the influence of the wider landscape, wetland habitats are critically linked with adjacent terrestrial habitats and other wetlands through the two-way flows of energy and nutrients and provision of structure. While an understanding of these inter-habitat linkages is breaking down the perceived boundaries between "aquatic" and "terrestrial" ecosystems, there is more limited knowledge on the ecology of wetland animals that must meet critical needs in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats at some time during their life or seasonal cycles. Here, I examine the terrestrial ecology of a freshwater turtle, the eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) in the temporally dynamic and heterogeneous landscape of Booderee national park in south-east Australia by 1) providing a description of terrestrial behaviours, 2) identifying the factors driving terrestrial behaviour and its functional significance, 3) examining factors that may limit or constrain terrestrial behaviour and 4) demonstrating how various terrestrial behaviours can factor prominently in the overall biology of a nominally aquatic animal.
Chelodina longicollis used terrestrial habitats for reasons other than nesting, including aestivation and movements between wetlands. Radio-telemetry of 60 turtles revealed that nearly 25 % of all locations were in terrestrial habitats up to 505 m from the wetland, where turtles remained for extended periods (up to 480 consecutive days) buried under sand and leaf litter in the forest. Individuals also maintained an association with a permanent lake and at least one temporary wetland within 1470 m, though some inter-wetland dispersal movements were much longer (5248 m). As a result of their associations with several wetlands and terrestrial aestivation sites, C. longicollis traversed large areas and long distances (13.8 +/- 2.8 ha home range, 2608 +/- 305 m moved), indicating that this species is highly vagile. In fact, a three-year capture-mark-recapture study conducted in 25 wetlands revealed that 33% of the population moved overland between wetlands. After scaling this rate to the number of generations elapsed during the study, C. longicollis moved between discrete water bodies at a rate of 88-132% per generation. This rate is not only high for freshwater turtles, but is among the highest rates of inter-patch movement for any vertebrate or invertebrate.
Chelodina longicollis demonstrated an impressive capacity for individual variation in nearly every aspect of its behaviour examined. Most of the variation in space use, movements, terrestrial aestivation and activity could be attributed to extrinsic local and landscape factors, seasonal influences and rainfall, whereas intrinsic attributes of the individual such as sex, body size, body condition and maturity status were less important.
Turtles increased movement distance and home range size in regions where inter-wetland distances were farther and with increasing wetland size. Individuals spent more time in terrestrial habitats with decreasing wetland hydroperiod and increasing distance to the nearest permanent lake. Overland movements between wetlands were correlated with rainfall, but the directionality of these movements and the frequency with which they occurred varied according to the prevalent rainfall patterns; movements were to permanent lakes during drought, but turtles returned to temporary wetlands en masse upon the return of heavy rainfall. However, deteriorating conditions in drying wetlands forced turtles to move even in the absence of rainfall. Captures at a terrestrial drift fence revealed that immature turtles as small as 72.3 mm plastron length may move overland between wetlands with similar frequency as larger adults. Taken together, these results suggest that C. longicollis behaviour is in part conditional or state-dependent (i.e., plastic) and shaped by the spatiotemporal variation and heterogeneity of the landscape.
Perhaps the most surprising aspect of individual variation was the alternate responses to wetland drying. Turtles either aestivated in terrestrial habitats (for variable lengths of time), or moved to other wetlands. Movement to other wetlands was the near universal strategy when only a short distance from permanent lakes, but the proportion of individuals that aestivated terrestrially increased with distance to the nearest permanent lake. When long distances must be travelled, both behaviours were employed by turtles in the same wetland, suggesting that individuals differentially weigh the costs and benefits of residing terrestrially versus those of long-distance movement. I propose that diversity in response to wetland drying in the population is maintained by stochastic fluctuations in resource quality. The quality of temporary wetlands relative to permanent wetlands at our study site varies considerably and unpredictably with annual rainfall and with it the cost-benefit ratio of each strategy or tactic. Residency in or near temporary wetlands is more successful during wet periods due to production benefits (high growth, reproduction and increased body condition), but movement to permanent wetlands is more successful, or least costly, during dry periods due to the fitness benefits of increased survival and body condition.
I used the doubly-labelled water (DLW) method to provide the first estimates of water and energy costs of aestivation and overland movement for any freshwater turtle behaving naturally in the field. Chelodina longicollis remained hydrated while terrestrial with water flux rates (14.3-19.3 ml kg-1 d-1) on par with those of strictly terrestrial turtles, but field metabolic rate during aestivation (20.0-24.6 kJ kg-1 d-1) did not indicate substantial physiological specializations in metabolism during aestivation. Energy reserves, but not water, are predicted to limit survival in aestivation to an estimated 49-261 days, which is in
close agreement with the durations of natural aestivation. The energy costs of overland movement were 46-99 kJ (kg d)-1, or 1.6-1.7 times more expensive than aestivation. When a wetland dries, a turtle that foregoes movement to other wetlands can free sufficient energy to fuel up to 134 days in aestivation. The increasing value of this energy "trade-off" with travel distance fits our behavioural observations of variance in response to wetland drying.
Taken together, this evidence indicates that terrestrial habitats provide more than just organic and structural inputs and filtering services and that nearby wetlands are important for reasons other than potential sources of occasional colonists to a population. Terrestrial habitats are used for aestivation in response to wetland drying and different wetlands are diverse in their functions of meeting the annual or life-cycle requirements of C. longicollis in temporally dynamic wetland systems. As overland movements between these various habitat types are in response to spatiotemporal variation in habitat quality and associated shifts in the fitness gradient between them, I suggest that terrestrial and different aquatic habitats in Booderee offer complementary resources contributing to regional carrying capacity and population persistence of the turtle population. Thus, important ecological processes regulating C. longicollis in a focal wetland should not be viewed as operating independently of other nearby wetlands and their adjacent terrestrial habitats. Collectively, these findings highlight the complex and dynamic associations between a population of freshwater turtles and the wider terrestrial and aquatic landscape, demonstrating that turtle populations and the factors that impact them can extend well beyond the boundaries of a focal wetland.
48
Grandjean, Anne-Claire. "La protection du tiers dans le contentieux de la passation des marchés publics". Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL20022.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Protéiforme, le tiers au marché public se rencontre essentiellement sous deux statuts, selon l’intérêt lésé direct ou indirect qu’il démontrera. Lésé par un manquement aux règles de passation, le tiers est effectivement protégé par le droit, qui instaure à son profit des voies de recours lui permettant tant de contester la légalité du marché que de demander des dommages et intérêts en réparation du préjudice subi. Citoyen, le tiers est défavorisé par sa condition, qui ne lui offre pas toujours les moyens d’actions de nature à satisfaire sa volonté de s’assurer de la légalité des procédures de passation. Il dispose pourtant, au sens du droit européen, d’un intérêt légitime à s’assurer qu’il existe de bonnes procédures de passation. Ce postulat conduira à proposer des solutions juridiques de nature à mettre le droit français en conformité avec ces nouvelles exigencesThe third party in the public procurement essentially meets under two statuses, according to the direct or indirect harmed interest which it will demonstrate. Hurt by a breach on procurement procedure, the third party is actually protected by the law, which establishes in its profit legal remedies allowing him to dispute the legality of the contact as well as asking for compensation for the loss suffered. Citizen, the third party is disadvantaged by its status, which does not always offer him actions likely to satisfy his will to make sure of the legality of the procurement procedure. He has nevertheless, under European law, a legitimate concern to make sure that there are good procurement procedures. That premise will lead to propose legal solutions likely to put the french law in accordance with these new requirements
49
Mutzenhardt, Pierre. "Traitement du signal de précession libre par prédiction linéaire et spectroscopie par gradients de champ radiofréquence en RMN". Nancy 1, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1993_0356_MUTZENHARDT.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le travail décrit dans ce manuscrit a trait au traitement du signal en RMN et aux expériences de spectroscopie de corrélation par gradients de champ radiofréquence. Le premier chapitre présente l'ensemble des méthodes de traitements du signal utilisées actuellement en RMN et propose une nouvelle méthode de traitement basée sur la prédiction linéaire des données. Le second chapitre décrit d'une manière détaillée l'algorithme de cette méthode et présente les résultats de son application à des signaux synthétiques. Le troisième chapitre est entièrement consacré à l'application de cette méthode à des problèmes concrets. Les exemples présentés se rapportent à différents domaines de la RMN : analyse quantitative de données 1D, détermination du temps de relaxation longitudinale, détermination précise de largeur de raie importante, quantification des expériences HOESY, élimination numérique du pic du solvant. Le dernier chapitre est consacré à la spectroscopie de corrélation par gradients de champ radiofréquence. Cette technique nouvelle est comparée aux méthodes utilisant des gradients de champ statique. Un ensemble de séquence est proposée incluant des expériences utilisant un filtre de cohérence et une pré-élimination du pic du solvant. Chaque séquence est illustrée par des résultats expérimentaux. L'utilisation des gradients radiofréquences permet un gain en temps d'expérimentation appréciable par rapport aux expériences classiques tout en restant simple à mettre en oeuvre.
50
David, Amos Abayomi. "Processus EXPRIM, Image et IA pour un EIIAO individualisé (Enseignement par l'Image Intelligemment Assisté par Ordinateur) : le prototype BIRDS". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1990_DAVID_A_A.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse a pour objectif de définir et de réaliser un environnement d'apprentissage individualisé en intégrant à la fois le « processus EXPRIM », l'image et un modèle de l'élève. Le système est appelé un système d'EIIAO « un enseignement basé sur l'image intelligemment assisté par l'ordinateur ». Ce travail est basé : d'une part, sur la thèse que l'utilisation poussée de l'image et l'application de l'intelligence artificielle sont deux moyens pour un enseignement individualisé éveillant la curiosité de l'élève et ; d'autre part, sur l'hypothèse que l'utilisation de l'image avec le processus EXPRIM peut jouer un rôle important dans le processus d'enseignement. Tous les aspects pédagogiques du système sont basés sur l'utilisation de l'image et sur un modèle de l'élève. Le modèle de l'élève repose lui aussi sur l'image et il intègre aussi bien des concepts psychologiques que des concepts pédagogiques. Nous avons réalisé une maquette construite sur une architecture composée de quatre modules un module de technique pédagogique, un module du domaine, un module de l'élève, et un module d'interface. L’objectif pédagogique défini est de cultiver chez l'élève « la capacité » d'associer les caractéristiques morphologiques extérieures des oiseaux à leurs modes de nourriture, en utilisant le vidéodisque “British Garden BIRDS”