Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Participatory Risk Assessment"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Participatory Risk Assessment"
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van Riet, Gideon, e Dewald van Niekerk. "Capacity development for participatory disaster risk assessment". Environmental Hazards 11, n. 3 (settembre 2012): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2012.688793.
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de Vos, P. "Participatory photographic risk assessment for child injury prevention". Injury Prevention 16, Supplement 1 (1 settembre 2010): A287—A288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.2010.029215.1031.
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de Vos, P. "Participatory photographic risk assessment for child injury prevention". Injury Prevention 16, Supplement 1 (1 settembre 2010): A113—A114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.2010.029215.408.
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Abuhasirah, Mohammad, e Isam Shahrour. "Risks assessment of urban participatory governance implementation". MATEC Web of Conferences 281 (2019): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928103006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Participatory governance designates a set of regulations and processes that reinforces the participation of citizens and civil society in public process. It has an obvious role in the reinforcement of social capital, capacity building and social capital. It constitutes also a major pillar of the Smart City. Today, the implementation of the participatory governance becomes a “must”: the absence of this governance presents high social and economic risks. On the other side, the implementation of this governance is complex and involves social and economic risks. This paper discusses these risks in order to help citizens and authorities to include risk assessment in the implementation of the participatory governance to reduce risks related to its implementation.
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Flower, Benjamin, Matt Fortnam, Leakhana Kol, Piotr Sasin e Rachel Godfrey Wood. "Using participatory methods to uncover interacting urban risks: a case study of three informal settlements in Phnom Penh, Cambodia". Environment and Urbanization 30, n. 1 (30 novembre 2017): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247817735481.
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The residents of informal settlements face a diverse range of urban risks, from climate and economic shocks to local pollution and the threat of eviction. This article explores these risks by conducting Participatory Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Assessments (PHVCA) in three informal settlements in the Cambodian capital of Phnom Penh. The assessment uncovers a variety of risks, which interact with each other and local vulnerabilities to produce complex risk profiles for residents. In this way, we highlight the importance of a holistic assessment of urban risk rather than focusing on single risks or specific sectors. The participatory approach also reveals household and community-level processes through which risks are experienced, negotiated and in some cases addressed, providing valuable insights into the ways vulnerable urban populations can be best supported.
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Morchain, Daniel, Dian Spear, Gina Ziervogel, Hillary Masundire, Margaret N. Angula, Julia Davies, Chandapiwa Molefe e Salma Hegga. "Building transformative capacity in southern Africa: Surfacing knowledge and challenging structures through participatory Vulnerability and Risk Assessments". Action Research 17, n. 1 (marzo 2019): 19–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476750319829205.
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Although participatory approaches are becoming more widespread, to date vulnerability assessments have largely been conducted by technocrats and have paid little attention to underlying causes of vulnerability, such as inequality and biased governance systems. Participatory assessments that recognise the social roots of vulnerability, however, are critical in helping individuals and institutions rethink their understanding of and responses to climate change impacts. This paper interrogates the contribution of Oxfam’s Vulnerability and Risk Assessment methodology to enabling transformation at both personal and institutional levels. Three Vulnerability and Risk Assessment exercises were conducted in Malawi, Botswana and Namibia by one or more of the authors in 2015 and 2016. Reflecting on these workshops, we explore the contribution that a process like the Vulnerability and Risk Assessment may bring to transformation. We conclude that these types of inclusive and representative participatory approaches can shift narratives and power dynamics, allow marginal voices to be heard, build cross–scalar relationships and enable the co-creation of solutions. Such approaches can play a key role in moving towards transformational thinking and action, especially in relation to climate change adaptation.
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Lasage, R., T. I. E. Veldkamp, H. de Moel, T. C. Van, H. L. Phi, P. Vellinga e J. C. J. H. Aerts. "Assessment of the effectiveness of participatory developed adaptation strategies for HCMC". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, n. 1 (17 gennaio 2014): 385–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-385-2014.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. Coastal cities are vulnerable to flooding, and flood risk to coastal cities will increase due to sea-level rise. Moreover, especially Asian cities are subject to considerable population growth and associated urban developments, increasing this risk even more. Empirical data on vulnerability and the cost and benefits of flood risk reducing measures are therefore paramount for sustainable development of these cities. This paper presents an approach to explore the impacts of sea level rise and socio-economic developments on flood risk for the flood prone District 4 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and to develop and evaluate the effects of different adaptation strategies (new levees, dry- and wet flood proofing of buildings). A flood damage model was developed to simulate current and future flood risk using the results from a household survey to establish stage-damage curves for residential buildings. the model has been used to assess the effects of several participatory developed adaptation strategies to reduce flood risk, expressed in Expected Annual Damage (EAD). Adaptation strategies were evaluated assuming combinations of both sea level scenarios and land use scenarios. Together with information on costs of these strategies, we calculated the benefit-cost ratio and net present value for the adaptation strategies until 2100, taking into account depreciation rates of 2.5% and 5%. The results of this modeling study indicate that the current flood risk in District 4 is 0.31 million USD yr–1, increasing up to 0.78 million USD yr–1 in 2100. The net present value and benefit-cost ratios using a discount rate of 5% range from USD −107 to −1.5 million, and from 0.086 to 0.796 for the different strategies. Using a discount rate of 2.5% leads to an increase in both net present value and benefit cost ratio. The adaptation strategies wet proofing and dry proofing generate the best results using these economic indicators. The information on different strategies will be used by the government of Ho Chi Minh City for selecting a new flood protection strategy. Future research should focus on gathering empirical data right after a flood on the occurring damage, as this appears to be the most uncertain factor in the risk assessment.
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Shortz, Ashley, Ranjana Mehta, S. Peres, Mark Benden e Qi Zheng. "Development of the Fatigue Risk Assessment and Management in High-Risk Environments (FRAME) Survey: A Participatory Approach". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n. 4 (13 febbraio 2019): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040522.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Existing risk assessment tools are not effective or sustainable in identifying Oil and Gas Extraction (OGE) workers at high risk of fatigue-related injuries or incidents. We developed a comprehensive Fatigue Risk Assessment and Management in high-risk Environments (FRAME) survey through an industry-academic participatory approach. The FRAME survey was developed through: (1) systematic gathering of existing fatigue scales; (2) refining the inventory using the Delphi Consensus technique; and (3) further refinement through employee/worker focus groups. The participatory approach resulted in a final FRAME survey across four fatigue dimensions—sleep, shiftwork, physical, and mental fatigue, and was composed of 26 items. The FRAME survey was founded on occupational fatigue science and refined and tailored to the OGE industry, through rigorous industry stakeholder input, for safer, effective, practical, and sustainable fatigue assessment and management efforts.
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Mairiaux, Ph, e C. Vandoorne. "A Simple Risk Assessment Tool for use in Ergonomics Participatory Processes". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, n. 31 (luglio 2000): 5–736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403131.
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Meyer, Michelle Annette, Marccus Hendricks, Galen D. Newman, Jaimie Hicks Masterson, John T. Cooper, Garett Sansom, Nasir Gharaibeh et al. "Participatory action research: tools for disaster resilience education". International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 9, n. 4/5 (28 settembre 2018): 402–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-02-2017-0015.
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Purpose Participatory action research can improve scientific knowledge and community capacity to address disaster resilience and environmental justice. Evidence from the literature suggests that resident participation enhances assessment of environmental risks, raises awareness and empowers residents to fight for equitable distribution of hazard and climate risk adaptations. Yet, risk assessment and urban planning processes still frequently operate within expertise-driven groups without significant community engagement. Such fragmentation results in part from a lack of appreciation for community expertise in built environment adaptations and educational tools to support resident involvement in the often technical built environment planning processes. Design/methodology/approach A participatory research and place-based education project was developed that enhanced co-learning between residents and researchers while collecting and analyzing local data on flood resilience in the built environment. Five research activities constitute the curriculum of resilience education on stormwater infrastructure: establishment of partnership agreement/memorandum of understanding, participatory GIS to identify flooding issues, water quality testing and health survey, stormwater infrastructure assessment and urban/landscape design. Partners included high school and college students, residents and environmental justice organizations. Findings Outcomes include a stakeholder-approved infrastructure assessment smartphone application, neighborhood maps of drainage issues, a report of water containments and neighborhood-scaled green infrastructure provisions and growth plans. Findings indicate that participatory research positively contributed to resilience knowledge of participants. Originality/value This paper outlines an interdisciplinary pedagogical strategy for resilience planning that engages residents to assess and monitor the performance of stormwater infrastructure and create resilience plans. The paper also discusses challenges and opportunities for similar participatory projects.
Tesi sul tema "Participatory Risk Assessment"
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Sinclair, Philip. "The assessment of environmental systems : a participatory case study in waste management". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843400/.
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The methodological framework for informed decision-making known as Environmental Systems Assessment (ESA) is derived from, and is shown to contain, the existing tools of Risk Assessment, Decision Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Communication is identified as a problem within ESA. A panel process in local waste management between a UK Council, its local lay public and experts illustrates a new methodological implementation of ESA in which risk, decision analytic and life cycle information were all present in parallel and in different forms. These included an innovative and interactive multimedia CD-ROM tailored to the locality (known as 'WOMBLE') and the WISARD software developed with, among other bodies, the Environment Agency of England and Wales. The communications and information in the process are evaluated by social research, the learning of the participants is assessed and it is shown that while a number of significant actions were agreed upon, individual preferences were still stable and significantly different. The potential of the approach is assessed.
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Arthern, Peter J. "A comparative study of participatory and household risk assessments and an investigation into the impact of a participatory risk assessment to effect change: case study: Section D, Sweet Home farm, Cape Town". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10043.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-80).This research aimed to compare the respective contributions of Participatory Action Research (PAR) and household surveys to inform understanding of informal settlement risks and the impact/influence of PAR to effect change. Urban risks in Section D of Sweet Home Farm informal settlement in the City of Cape Town were examined through the lenses of community risk assessment (CRA) and household survey methodologies conducted sixteen months apart. The results described a risk profile for the study site, which was similar to that of many of Cape Town's informal settlements. However, there was more concern over chronic "everyday" threats, such as the disposal of solid waste and crime, rather than fire and flood, which are prioritised by the City. This stressed the need for risk assessments at the local level.
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Hellman, Isabella. "Automated Risk Assessment : potential benefits and risks in the Swedish insurance market". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54641.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The technological advances made in society has affected many industries, one that is affected is the insurance market. The purpose of this thesis has been to identify potential benefits and risks connected to the automation of the risk assessment process of life insurance on the Swedish insurance market. In order to enhance the understanding and further enabling the identification of the potential benefits and risks the future process, as preferred by the participants, and the current process are discussed. The thesis includes the participants by using participatory design and analyzes the findings in connection to literature within the area of e-business and strategic planning. The result shows a number of identified benefits of automating the risk assessment process along with potential risk that should be addressed.
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Ramrajh, Shashikala. "Participatory risk assessment for harvesting of impala (Aepyceros melampus) and the distribution of by-products". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26362.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The demand for the control of safe food, from consumers the world over, has revolutionized the manner in which wild game meat harvesting occurs. In developed countries, food quality, food and human safety with quality controlling systems embracing environmental carbon footprint issues are constantly improving, for international harmonization at each level of production “from stable to table”, “farm to fork”, “field to yield” as well as from “cradle to grave”. Food industries globally have adopted the in Hazard Analysis Critical control Point (HACCP) system. This is a risk assessment process using Hygiene Assessment Systems (HAS) as a mitigating strategy for risk communication through training. It is also a holistic system that is compatible with international trends designed not only for food safety and quality, but it also embraces other aspects of farming such as animal welfare, environmental management and Occupational Safety and Health. Global marketing for international trade demands quality assurance from trading partners thereby promoting economic growth for developing countries. The watch dog bodies such as the World Trade Organisation (WTO) prohibit trading for non-compliance, therefore trade barriers are in place for uncertified food of animal origin, EU regulations are stringent requirements that need compliance and so too the OIE regulations for disease control, while the Codex Alimentarius Commission maintains trade harmonization. In South Africa Hygiene Assessment Systems (HAS) is a National Hygiene management strategy implemented at abattoirs, that promotes and facilitates quality and hygiene and is reflective of South African quality abroad. It is prescribed under the section, “Essential National Standards” in the Meat Safety Act, 2000, (Act 40 of 2000). This Act covers red meat and includes both domestic animals and game. The Veterinary Procedural Notices (VPN’s) are used for export of game and give far more detailed guidelines than the legislation for game meat sold and consumed locally in South Africa. The objective of the Hygiene Assessment System (HAS) is to create a national awareness of quality to better improve the quality of life of all South Africans, whilst at the same time it is used as an auditing tool for Veterinary Public Health to effectively compare essential standards within the nine provinces. Currently this programme is referred to as the National Abattoir Rating Scheme (NARS), which is only applicable to the high and low throughput Red Meat and Poultry abattoirs in South Africa and not to the Game or Rural abattoirs, thereby further compounding the duality of food standards with food safety being compromised. This study has been undertaken because there are inadequate risk control measures such as introduction of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) guidelines on primary and secondary meat inspection, specifically on game for local consumption, not only within South Africa, but in the international arena as well. A revision of the HAS document and audit will also be needed to meet with the local (not just export) criteria for wild game harvesting, to enable food safety, thus enabling food security in the remote non - agricultural areas in KwaZulu -Natal. Venison is the meat of today because of health priorities that have arisen over the last ten years. It is low in trans - fatty acids and is regarded internationally as a healthy product produced organically in a free range situation. South Africa has a large potential export market for venison to the European Union because the demand, for venison, exceeds supply in Europe. However, the European Union’s “safe food regulation” that was introduced between 2005 and 2007 with an implementation date of 2008 (Regulation1021/2008) has made it imperative that the HACCP principle is applied to any food or food product of animal origin imported into the European Union or its member states. Also, HACCP specifies that a multidisciplinary team of experts is selected. This then lends itself to a participatory approach to risk assessment as wide consultation is required. This participatory approach was used, including expert opinion surveys and focus group discussions with stakeholders and role-players in the game industry such as commercial hunters, state veterinary services and game ranch owners. Such participants may have better insight into existing conditions than external experts with recognised educational qualifications, usually used in the HACCP team. From this and the relevant Veterinary Procedural Notices for game harvesting, a HACCP process flow and critical control points were derived for the primary phase of meat inspection, including slaughter, primary meat inspection and loading for transport to the abattoir. This was modified during a phase or trial harvesting and then implemented during the harvest of 1758 impala carcasses which were subsequently exported. In addition, environmental risks were considered and a risk mitigation strategy designed, to reduce any possible environmental impacts. In northern Kwazulu Natal, game ranches and conservation areas are in close proximity to the rural poor where food is scarce and comes at a premium price. These game farms harvest seasonally for either the local or export market, hence there is abundance of game offal and by-products available, yet it is at present left in the field or taken to the vulture restaurants (in line with the VPN). Participatory risk analysis was thus also used to investigate the feasibility of using edible offal from impala (Aepyceros melampus) as a source of renewable protein, to address food security issues in impoverished communities in the study area, the districts of uPongola and Jozini, in northern KwaZulu Natal. Structured interviews on the cultural acceptability of impala offal were held with 162 randomly sampled adult respondents in veterinary districts associated with dip tanks. A two stage cluster design was used where the state veterinary areas were stage one and the dip tanks (with proportional random sampling of community members) were the second stage. Offal is a popular food in South Africa in different cultures, called “ithumbu” in IsiZulu, “ boti” by the Indian group, “afval” in Afrikaans and “tripe” in English. Generally demand outstrips supply of offal at red meat abattoirs in South Africa. It was found that there was no significant difference between those who would eat impala offal and those who would eat the offal of sheep. It was concluded that it is feasible to use inspected game offal from impala as a protein source in much the same way as red meat offal is used and that the current practice of leaving the offal for predators was likely, if it continues, to cause imbalances in the predator/ prey ratio on game farms. It is recommended that the VPN for game be amended to encompass inspected offal being allowed into the formal food chain, in line with the standard operating procedure developed during this study. Also that current fragmentation of legislation and the implementation thereof is revisited for effective control for harmonisation of food safety standards for game meat within South Africa.Dissertation (MMedVet)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Paraclinical Sciences
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Sroka, Angelica. "The IKEA Industry way of ergonomic risk assessment : Development of a global standard for ergonomic risk assessment". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-75264.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 2018 IKEA Industry, the largest producer of wood-based furniture for IKEA customers presented their sustainability strategy for Financial Year 2025. In Health & Safety, they want to minimize ergonomic risks at their factories. To be able to understand what risks the factories contain, the first step is a common ergonomic risk assessment methodology. Because of a lack of knowledge in ergonomics at IKEA Industry, the responsibility was laid on this master thesis project. This project has with the help of interviews, surveys and observations found what needs the factories have in ergonomic risk assessment. A literature review also found things that the factories should have but haven´t asked for. Using benchmarking, several common methods used on the market has been summarized and analyzed by the requirements. Three methods, KIM, RAMP and HARM were chosen to be tested by the factories. In a user test, it was clear that KIM was easiest to use. HARM was eliminated because of the lack of evaluating lifting and pushing movements. To choose between KIM and RAMP they were evaluated in terms of the requirements. The results showed that KIM was the best method for IKEA Industry factories. At some places RAMP had good assessment methods. In order to not ignore these, they have been implemented into KIM to make it suit the factories even better. The result ended up in a document called Global standard of ergonomic risk assessment. The method is divided into three different methods depending on if you have lifting/ carrying work, pushing work or repetitive work. The results are then summarized in a chart that shows what needs to be investigated. This project has also with the help of the literature and the analysis of the factory, decided which roles that will participate in the assessment. The suggestions are manager, ergonomist and a production co-worker. With the help of this method, the factories will be able to understand what ergonomic risks they have. They will only need to evaluate the work tasks with the help of this method and will then be presented all high, medium or low ergonomic risks in the factories to minimize these before FY2025.2018 presenterade IKEA Industry, världens största möbeltillverkare, deras hållbarhetsstrategi inför finansiella året 2025. Inom Hälsa & säkerhet vill dem minska sina ergonomiska risker på fabrikerna. För att förstå vilka risker som finns har dem kommit fram till att skapa en bedömningsmetod som är gemensam bland fabrikerna. Då företaget har en brist i kunskap inom ergonomi har företaget valt att lägga över ansvaret på detta exjobb. Detta projekt har med hjälp av intervjuer, enkäter och observationer kommit fram till vad för behov fabrikerna har vad gäller ergonomisk riskbedömning. Med litteratur har även andra behov hittats som anses behövs men fabrikerna har inte insett behovet. För att hitta metoder har det genomförts en benchmarking där flera av de mest vanliga och erkända ergonomiska riskbedömningsmetoder har sammanfattats. Dessa metoder har sedan analyserats med hjälp av behoven och KIM, RAMP och HARM blev utvalda. Dessa har sedan testats av fabrikerna med hjälp av ett användartest. Resultatet visade på att KIM var enklast att användas. HARM valdes även bort på grund av dess brist i bedömning av lyft och drag. För att kunna välja vilken metod som passar IKEA Industry bäst bedömdes KIM och RAMP med avseende på de olika krav som sattes upp. Här visade det sig att KIM var den mest lämpade metoden för IKEA Industry. Då KIM ibland hade brister i bedömningen som RAMP var bättre på valdes det att lägga in vissa delar från RAMP för att komplettera KIM. Resultatet blev ett dokument vid namn ”Global standard inom ergonomisk riskbedömning”. Metoden är uppdelad i tre olika metoder beroende på om lyftarbete, drag/skjutande arbete eller repetitivt arbete skall bedömas. Resultaten är sedan sammanfattade i en tabell som visar vilka områden som behövs undersökas. Projektet har även med hjälp av teori och analys av fabrikerna kommit fram till vilka roller som skall deltaga i ett bedömningsarbete. Förslaget blev slutligen, ansvarig chef, ergonom och en produktionsarbetare. Med hjälp av denna metod skall fabrikerna kunna förstå vad för risker dem har i fabrikerna. Dem kommer endast behöva använda dokumentet, utvärdera och sedan få information om alla höga, medium och låga risker för att minimera dessa innan FY2025.
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Musungu, Kevin. "A participatory GIS approach to flood risk assessment of informal settlements the case of Cape Town". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12155.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
Rural-urban migrations have contributed to the steady increase in the population of Cape Town. Many of the migrants have settled in informal settlements because they cannot afford to rent or buy decent housing. Many of these settlements are however located on marginal and often poorly drained land. Consequently, most of these settlements are prone to flooding after prolonged rainfall. Current flood risk management techniques implemented by the authorities of the Cape Town City Council (CTCC) are ideal for formally planned settlements but are not designed to support informal settlements...This study sought to investigate a methodology that the CTCC could use to improve flood risk assessment.
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Carrivick, Philip J. W. "The effectiveness of a manual handling workplace risk assessment team in reducing the rate and severity of occupational injury". Curtin University of Technology, School of Public Health, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13201.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Globally, there is an increasing tendency for occupational legislation and practice to require that employers actively involve their employees in the process of identifying, assessing and addressing the risk of injury in the workplace. Despite this, there is a paucity of research evaluating the effectiveness of participatory ergonomics in reducing occupational injury outcomes. In particular, a review of the literature fails to identify research that reports a change in the risk of injury at the level of the individual worker. The objectives of this study were to determine whether a participatory ergonomics approach to the control of workplace hazards and manual hazards in particular, could reduce the occurrence and severity of injury among a working population at risk.The research design was that of a longitudinal pre-post intervention study, with one intervention and three comparison groups. The observational period between 1 July 1988 and the 31 October 1995, comprised a 4.3 year pre-intervention period and a 3- year post-intervention period. The Intervention Group was a population of hospital cleaners at a high risk of injury. Three comparison groups were used, namely orderlies from the same hospital, cleaners from a similar hospital, and all the cleaners in the State of Western Australia. The primary outcome measure of occurrence was that of a lost- time injury (LTI).To obtain parameters of injury severity, each LTI was measured in terms of the associated CP1-adjusted workers' compensation claim cost and the number of hours lost from work (duration). The data were obtained three years after the observational period, to improve the likelihood that the claims had been finalised. Aggregate level LTI data were obtained for all four groups. Individual-level data were also obtained for the Intervention Group and the Orderly Services Group, whether injured or not. These ++data included the age, gender, hours worked and work experience of the subjects. Also, where there was an LTI, it was determined whether or not the mechanism of injury was from manual handling. Using these data, two analytical approaches were then undertaken. Study 1 assessed the aggregate-level LTI data of the four groups. Study 2 evaluated individual-level data for the Intervention Group and the Orderly Services Group.The results demonstrate statistically significant post-intervention reductions In all measures of LTI occurrence for the Intervention Group. In particular, after allowance for age, gender and work experience, there was a two thirds reduction in the rate of LTI per hour worked. No reduction in injury occurrence was observed for any of the comparison groups. The severity of each injury, as measured by claim cost and duration, did not change after the intervention for the Intervention Group.This study indicates that a small group of unskilled workers, with the facilitation of an ergonomist, can successfully undertake an iterative process of identifying and assessing hazards and make recommendations for their control. In doing so, even where the primary focus is on manual handling hazards, a reduction in the risk of injury from both manual handling and non-manual handling mechanisms can be achieved. Participatory ergonomics, by investing hazard management skills within employees, increases the likelihood that solutions to problems will be accepted, and should release ergonomists to consult to a greater number of workplaces than if they work independently of employee participation. The evaluation of interventions in a variety of workplace settings is recommended, to confirm participatory ergonomics as an effective tool for the reduction of the global burden of occupational injury.
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Stone, John V. "Public Participation in Environmental Management: Seeking Participatory Equity through Ethnographic Inquiry". [Tampa, Fla. : s.n.], 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000031.
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Maina, Sandra. "Adaptation Preferences and Responses to Sea Level Rise and Land Loss Risk in Southern Louisiana: a Survey-based Analysis". FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1424.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Currently, southern Louisiana faces extreme land loss that could reach an alarming rate of about one football sized swath of land every hour. The combined effect of land subsidence and predicted sea level rise threaten the culture and livelihood of the residents living in this region. As the most vulnerable coastal population in Louisiana, the communities of south Terrebonne Parish are called to adapt by accommodating, protecting, or retreating from the impacts of climate change. For effective preparation planning, the state of Louisiana needs to 1) understand the adaptation preferences and responses of these residents and 2) involve these vulnerable communities in adaptation related decision making. The study uses a survey-based methodology to analyze current adaptation preferences. Findings suggest that protection is the preferred adaptation response. The present study additionally uses participatory techniques to develop a land loss awareness mobile application to illustrate the importance and benefits of community collaboration.
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Traviss, Nora M. "Integration of Analysis and Deliberation to Evaluate Biodiesel Occupational and Environmental Exposures". Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1216924432.
Testo completoLibri sul tema "Participatory Risk Assessment"
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Petts, Judith. Participatory risk assessment: Involving lay audiences in environmental decisions on risk : Literature review and stakeholder interviews. Swindon: Environment Agency, 2003.
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Sand, Isabel van de. Assessing vulnerability to climate variability and change: Participatory assessment approach and Kenyan case study. Bonn: Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik, 2012.
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Fetters, Tamara. Don't trust your girlfriend or you're gonna die like a chicken: A participatory assessment of adolescent sexual and reproductive health in a high risk environment : CARE International in peri-urban Lusaka, Zambia (April, 1997). [Lusaka]: CARE Zambia, 1997.
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Krishna, Anirudh. The Dynamics of Poverty. A cura di David Brady e Linda M. Burton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199914050.013.14.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article examines the dynamics of poverty and explains why poverty dynamics studies are necessary: to estimate the risk of impoverishment and the probability of escaping poverty; to identify the reasons associated with poverty descents and escapes; to distinguish between transient and chronic poverty; and to elucidate the social mobility prospects of individuals in different economic situations. The article begins with an overview of three types of approaches used in investigating poverty dynamics: panel data studies, participatory poverty assessments and ethnographic studies, and mixed-method studies. This is followed by a discussion of key findings from poverty dynamics studies; one finding is that poverty creation and poverty reduction occur everywhere in tandem. The article concludes by outlining future directions for research into poverty dynamics.
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Schmidt-Thomé, Philipp. Climate Change Adaptation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.635.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Climate change adaptation is the ability of a society or a natural system to adjust to the (changing) conditions that support life in a certain climate region, including weather extremes in that region. The current discussion on climate change adaptation began in the 1990s, with the publication of the Assessment Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Since the beginning of the 21st century, most countries, and many regions and municipalities have started to develop and implement climate change adaptation strategies and plans. But since the implementation of adaptation measures must be planned and conducted at the local level, a major challenge is to actually implement adaptation to climate change in practice. One challenge is that scientific results are mainly published on international or national levels, and political guidelines are written at transnational (e.g., European Union), national, or regional levels—these scientific results must be downscaled, interpreted, and adapted to local municipal or community levels. Needless to say, the challenges for implementation are also rooted in a large number of uncertainties, from long time spans to matters of scale, as well as in economic, political, and social interests. From a human perspective, climate change impacts occur rather slowly, while local decision makers are engaged with daily business over much shorter time spans.Among the obstacles to implementing adaptation measures to climate change are three major groups of uncertainties: (a) the uncertainties surrounding the development of our future climate, which include the exact climate sensitivity of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, the reliability of emission scenarios and underlying storylines, and inherent uncertainties in climate models; (b) uncertainties about anthropogenically induced climate change impacts (e.g., long-term sea level changes, changing weather patterns, and extreme events); and (c) uncertainties about the future development of socioeconomic and political structures as well as legislative frameworks.Besides slow changes, such as changing sea levels and vegetation zones, extreme events (natural hazards) are a factor of major importance. Many societies and their socioeconomic systems are not properly adapted to their current climate zones (e.g., intensive agriculture in dry zones) or to extreme events (e.g., housing built in flood-prone areas). Adaptation measures can be successful only by gaining common societal agreement on their necessity and overall benefit. Ideally, climate change adaptation measures are combined with disaster risk reduction measures to enhance resilience on short, medium, and long time scales.The role of uncertainties and time horizons is addressed by developing climate change adaptation measures on community level and in close cooperation with local actors and stakeholders, focusing on strengthening resilience by addressing current and emerging vulnerability patterns. Successful adaptation measures are usually achieved by developing “no-regret” measures, in other words—measures that have at least one function of immediate social and/or economic benefit as well as long-term, future benefits. To identify socially acceptable and financially viable adaptation measures successfully, it is useful to employ participatory tools that give all involved parties and decision makers the possibility to engage in the process of identifying adaptation measures that best fit collective needs.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Participatory Risk Assessment"
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Ha, Jun Su, e Poong Hyun Seong. "A Quantitative Approach to Risk-Informed Safety Significance Categorization with an Early Expert Participatory". In Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management, 462–67. London: Springer London, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-410-4_75.
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Porio, Emma. "Climate Resilience Initiative in Metro Manila: Participatory Community Risk Assessment and Power in Community Interventions". In Clinical Sociology: Research and Practice, 257–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54584-0_14.
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Fischer, Frank. "Hazardous waste policy, community movements and the politics of Nimby: participatory risk assessment in the USA and Canada". In Greening Environmental Policy, 165–82. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-08357-9_10.
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Göbel, Claudia, Lucile Ottolini e Annett Schulze. "Science as a Lever: The Roles and Power of Civil Society Organisations in Citizen Science". In The Science of Citizen Science, 331–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4_17.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractCitizen science has become an umbrella term that encompasses a growing range of activities, actors, and issues. This chapter examines the potential of citizen science to generate transformative knowledge and argues that civil society organisations (CSOs) are key actors in this regard. However, the roles of CSOs are neglected in the literature on citizen science. We turn to the traditions of community-based research and participatory action research to learn more. With two case studies on health and safety, we show how transformative knowledge enables concerned communities to claim their rights and enriches scientific knowledge generation. Through a socio-historical analysis, we find three main roles grassroots CSOs take on in participatory research: (1) a technical role in the production of data and knowledge; (2) a governance role in the deliberation on research activities and risk assessment; and (3) an advocacy role by campaigning for transformative knowledge. These roles determine the ability of grassroots CSOs to generate legitimacy and rely on CSO members belonging to different spheres of society, scientific skills, and access to marginalised communities. Finally, we discuss the conceptual and practical challenges of accounting for CSOs’ roles in order to build a more just and transformative future through citizen science.
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Iavarone, Maria Luisa, e Fausta Sabatano. "Transfer of Non-Academic Skills in Academic Context: towards a Sustainable Employability". In Employability & Competences, 399–409. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-672-9.44.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This essay is an element of dialogue between educational practices acquired in territorial education contexts and the University. In particular, starting from the 10-year long experience consolidated in three educational centres operating in border areas of the Province of Naples, a series of ‘key competences’ have been highlighted that are indispensable to the containment of social risk disadvantage in an inclusion (Bertolini 1977; Freire 2004; Rossi 2014; Sabatano 2015a, 2015b) and well-being project (Iavarone 2007, 2009) from an educational point of view. Such competencies have become subject of a ‘participatory didactic planning’ between expert educators working in these contexts and a university course on ‘Pedagogy of relationships’ within the Department of Motor Science and Well-Being at the University of Naples Parthenope. The participatory planning practice has set the most ambitious goal of achieving a ‘system methodology’ to be used in the curriculum-design of the university courses in order to make the academic education offer a proper link element between the educational demand of young people, the demand for professional skills in the territory and the emerging social needs in order to improve employability processes. The main results that this experience has highlighted can be deducted from the student’s satisfaction survey, as well as from the data collected and processed by the University Assessment Team, in the Department’s Joint Commission Reports, which show a clear and overall improvement of the communication processes between non-academic institutions collaborating with the University for the conduct of internships, training sessions and placement-targeted activities. The empirical evidence and the positive results obtained provide substantial comfort in considering that the experience gained can be a ‘good practice’ to be included in the didactic planning process of the courses, even in relation to the need to improve the educational and didactic offer with reference to the new quality assurance parameters (QA) for the periodic accreditation of the CdS according to the AVA-ANVUR legislation in force
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Kim, Yeowon, Lelani M. Mannetti, David M. Iwaniec, Nancy B. Grimm, Marta Berbés-Blázquez e Samuel Markolf. "Social, Ecological, and Technological Strategies for Climate Adaptation". In Resilient Urban Futures, 29–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63131-4_3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractResilient cities are able to persist, grow, and even transform while keeping their essential identities in the face of external forces like climatechange, which threatens lives, livelihoods, and the structures and processes of the urban environment (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, How to make cities more resilient: a handbook for local government leaders. Switzerland, Geneva, 2017). Scenario development is a novel approach to visioning resilient futures for cities. As an instrument for synthesizing data and envisioning urban futures, scenarios combine diverse datasets such as biophysical models, stakeholder perspectives, and demographic information (Carpenter et al. Ecol Soc 20:10, 2015). As a tool to envision alternative futures, participatoryscenario development explores, identifies, and evaluates potential outcomes and tradeoffs associated with the management of social–ecological change, incorporating multiple stakeholder’s collaborative subjectivity (Galafassi et al. Ecol Soc 22:2, 2017). Understanding the current landscape of city planning and governance approaches is important in developing city-specific scenarios. In particular, assessing municipal planning strategies through the lens of interactive social–ecological–technological systems (SETS) provides useful insight into the dynamics and interrelationships of these coupled systems (da Silva et al. Sustain Dev 4(2):125–145, 2012). An assessment of existing municipal strategies can also be used to inform future adaptation scenarios and strategic plans addressing extreme weather events. With the scenario development process guiding stakeholders in generating goals and visions through participatory workshops, the content analysis of governance planning documents from the SETS perspective provides key insight on specific strategies that have been considered (or overlooked) in cities. In this chapter, we (a) demonstrate an approach to examine how cities define and prioritize climate adaptation strategies in their governance planning documents, (b) examine how governance strategies address current and future climate vulnerabilities as exemplified by nine cities in North and Latin America where we conducted a content analysis of municipal planning documents, and (c) suggest a codebook to explore the diverse SETS strategies proposed to address climate challenges—specifically related to extreme weather events such as heat, drought, and flooding.
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Fischer, Frank. "Integrating Deliberation and Analysis in Radioactive Waste Policy. Lessons from Participatory Risk Assessment in the USA and Canada". In Wohin mit dem radioaktiven Abfall?, 143–56. Nomos, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845271088-143.
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Rivera Juárez, Frida Itzel. "Una aproximación a la dimensión patrimonial del paisaje en la comunidad de San Pedro Atlapulco, Estado de México". In Paisajes patrimoniales. Resiliencia, resistencia y metrópoli en América Latina, 209–32. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (México). Unidad Azcapotzalco. División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño. Departamento del Medio Ambiente. Área de Investigación Arquitectura del Paisaje., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/uama.5821.7600.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Our landscapes today face daily the voracity of neoliberal capitalism, this socio-economic system generates abysmal inequalities and puts the future of our territories at risk. Given this panorama, the development of participatory methodologies focused on rescuing local territorial and historical knowledge is seen as an opportunity to know the social assessment of the landscape. The objective is to integrate the heritage dimension of the landscape into territorial management, in an inclusive process through dialogue between science, public administration and civil society.
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Cassel, John Benjamin. "Non-Parametric Stakeholder Discovery". In Advances in Data Mining and Database Management, 97–126. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5063-3.ch006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter provides a stakeholder discovery model for distributed risk governance suitable to machine learning and decision-theoretic planning. Distributed risk governance concerns when the underlying risk is not localized or has unknown locality so that any initial interaction with stakeholders is limited and educational and participatory initiatives are costly. Therefore, expecting the initial reaction to communications is critical. To capture this initial reaction, the authors sample the population of potential stakeholders to discover both their concerns and knowledge while handling inaccuracies and contradictions. This chapter provides a stakeholder discovery model that can accommodate these inconsistencies. Stakeholder discovery provides a timely strategic assessment of the risk situation. This assessment forecasts projected stakeholder actions to find if those actions are in line with their strategic interests or if there are better choices using reinforcement learning. Unlike other reinforcement learning formulations, it does not take the state space, criteria, potential observations, other agents, actions, or rewards for granted, but discovers these factors non-parametrically. Overall, this chapter introduces machine learning researchers and risk governance professionals to the compatibility between non-parametric models and early-stage stakeholder discovery problems and addresses widely known biases and deficits within risk governance and intelligence practices.
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Niskanen, Toivo. "A Sociotechnical Systems Approach Applying a Novel Taxonomy to a Survey for the Assessment of Safety Performance". In Advanced Macroergonomics and Sociotechnical Approaches for Optimal Organizational Performance, 71–98. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7192-6.ch004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this chapter was to explore a sociotechnical systems approach applying a novel taxonomy with respect to safety performance. The study applied a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Workers (n = 120) and managers (n = 85) were asked to complete a questionnaire survey (Appendix). The following hypotheses were supported: “Activities of the management” had positive impacts on five aggregated variables, namely “near-accident investigation and instructions” (H1), “occupational safety and health (OSH) training” (H2), “operations, technical processes, and the safe use of chemicals” (H3), “use of personal protective equipment” (H4), and “measuring, follow-up, and prevention of major accidents” (H5). By undertaking a statistical evaluation and then devising a novel taxonomy, it was possible to gain detailed insights into diverse aspects of a high-risk industry's work with regard to complex sociotechnical systems. When applying the current approach through participatory cooperation, organizations may acquire new perspectives on their safety performance.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Participatory Risk Assessment"
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Bisantino, Tiziana, Giuseppe Falcone, Franco Intini, Antonio Mario Lerario, Pierluigi Loiacono, Apollonia Netti e Francesco Vito Ronco. "Regional guide lines for flood risk assessment and emergency response: participatory approach and IT tools for risk management." In FLOODrisk 2020 - 4th European Conference on Flood Risk Management. Online: Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/floodrisk2020.18.3.
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Sy, B., C. Frischknecht, H. Dao, G. Giuliani, D. Consuegra, S. Wade e C. Kêdowidé. "Participatory approach for flood risk assessment: the case of Yeumbeul Nord (YN), Dakar, Senegal". In URBAN WATER 2016. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/uw160291.
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Furqon, Muhammad Reperiza, Iffah Farhana Abu Talib, Aria Mariany e Nuraini Rahma Hanifa. "Participatory disaster risk assessment (PDRA): A case study on community-based disaster risk reduction in Kelurahan Cigadung (RW09 and RW14), Kota Bandung, Indonesia". In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EARTH HAZARD AND DISASTER MITIGATION (ISEDM) 2017: The 7th Annual Symposium on Earthquake and Related Geohazard Research for Disaster Risk Reduction. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5047337.
Testo completoRapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Participatory Risk Assessment"
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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, Do Trong Hoan, Hoang Nguyen Viet Hoa e Nguyen Duy Khanh. Understanding tree-cover transitions, drivers and stakeholders’ perspectives for effective landscape governance: a case study of Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province, Viet Nam. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21023.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Integrated landscape management for sustainable livelihoods and positive environmental outcomes has been desired by many developing countries, especially for mountainous areas where agricultural activities, if not well managed, will likely degrade vulnerable landscapes. This research was an attempt to characterize the landscape in Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province in Northwest Viet Nam to generate knowledge and understanding of local conditions and to propose a workable governance mechanism to sustainably manage the landscape. ICRAF, together with national partners — Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute — and local partners — Son La Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Son La Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Chieng Yen Commune People’s Committee — conducted rapid assessments in the landscape, including land-use mapping, land-use characterization, a household survey and participatory landscape assessment using an ecosystem services framework. We found that the landscape and peoples’ livelihoods are at risk from the continuous degradation of forest and agricultural land, and declining productivity, ecosystem conditions and services. Half of households live below the poverty line with insufficient agricultural production for subsistence. Unsustainable agricultural practices and other livelihood activities are causing more damage to the forest. Meanwhile, existing forest and landscape governance mechanisms are generally not inclusive of local community engagement. Initial recommendations are provided, including further assessment to address current knowledge gaps.