Articoli di riviste: "PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA"

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Aleem, Mohd. "Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Microbial Potential of Plumbago zeylanica L.: A Review". Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, n. 5-s (15 ottobre 2020): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i5-s.4445.

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Plumbago zeylanica L. (Pz) is one of the most important medicinal plant belonging to the family Plumbaginaceae. It is a perennial shrub, growing throughout India and most places of Sri Lanka. It contains various bioactive compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, naphthoquinones, glycoside, saponins, steroids, tri-terpenoids, coumarins, phenolic compounds etc. Of all the chemical constituents, plumbagin is the principal active compound. Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone-C11H8O3) is primarily present in roots in higher amounts with only about 1% in the whole plant. The literature reveals that the root and root bark have a wider claim in traditional medicines against various diseases as a memory enhancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, wound healing, anti-malarial, anti-infertility, anticancer, blood coagulation, and anti-oxidant activities. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of this plant. Keyword: Plumbago zeylanica; Sheetraj; Chitrak; Anti-inflammatory; Antimicrobial; Traditional uses

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Phuong, Nguyen Tran Dong, e Tran Thi Xuan Huong. "Effect of natural auxin from portulaca grandiflora hook and Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir on the formation adventitious roots in vitro of Plumbago zeylanica L." ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 8, n. 2 (4 giugno 2020): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46223/hcmcoujs.tech.en.8.2.344.2018.

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Plumbago zeylanica L. is a traditional herbal that has been reported to treat on skin diseases. Furthermore, some researchers have found plumbagin extracted from roots of this species can prevent cancer cell development. In current study, stems of Plumbago zeylanica L. were cultured on MS medium with BA 1.0 mg/L and IAA (0.01-0.15 mg/L) or NAA (0.1-0.15 mg/L). After 8-week cultured, stems were transferred to MS medium with extracted from stems of Portulaca grandiflora Hook (2-10 ml/L) or extracted from stems of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir. The results showed that, the appropriate medium for shoot formation was in MS with BA and IAA 0.1 mg/L or NAA 0.1 mg/L. The adventitious roots in vitro were formatted in MS medium supplied with extracted from stems Portulaca grandiflora Hook or from stems of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir 6 ml/L. Simultaneously, after 8-week cultured, the adventitious roots were collected and plumbagin qualitative were analyzed with pure plumbagin of Sigma. As the results, plumbagin presents in adventitious roots cultured.

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Purwoko, Mitayani, Harijono Kario Sentono, Bambang Purwanto e Dono Indarto. "Phytochemical evaluation of Plumbago zeylanica roots from Indonesia and assessment of its plumbagin concentration". Folia Medica 64, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2022): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/folmed.64.e58086.

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Introduction:Plumbago zeylanica grows widely in many tropical countries. In Indonesia, this plant, known as Daun Encok, has some beneficial effects on human health.  Aim: This exploration study aimed to identify the plumbagin compound in P. zeylanica roots from Indonesia.  Materials and methods: Dried roots of P. zeylanica were manually ground and then the powder was macerated using ethanol and chloroform for 24 hours at room temperature. All extracts of P. zeylanica were then analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Plumbagin concentration was measured by comparing the extract with pure plumbagin. Results: GC-MS analysis of ethanol extract and chloroform extract of P. zeylanica roots showed the presence of plumbagin as the highest peak. Plumbagin concentration in ethanol extract was 13%, while in chloroform extract it was 81%. Conclusions: The chloroform extract of P. zeylanica root from Indonesia demonstrates a higher concentration of plumbagin compared to ethanol extract. 

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Chelladurai, Iyyanar, e Habeebmoon K C. "Comparative HPTLC fingerprint profile of three types of Kodiveli used in Siddha". International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 13, n. 1 (5 aprile 2022): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v13i1.2336.

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Kodiveli is an important Siddha drug used in the formulations such as Kodiveli Podi, Kodiveli Ennai, Kodiveli Thylam, Chithramoola Kuligai and Kodiveli Kudineer. The HPTLC is a simple method to differentiate closely related species. HPTLC profiling of ethanolic extracts of roots of three species of Plumbago (Plumbago zeylanica L. (Venkodiveli), P.indica L., (Senkodiveli) and P. auriculata Lam. (Karunkodiveli)) has been carried out using Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Methanol (5:1.5:0.1) as solvent system on Silica gel 60 F254-coated aluminium sheets. The preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening found the same combination of phytoconstituents while the HPTLC finger prints have given more refined picture in respect of the number of compounds present and plumbagin concentration among the three selected species of Plumbago. The chromatogram peak at Rf. 0.76 found common and indicating highest concentration in all the three species and it may be of the bioactive compound plumbagin. The number of peaks and their attributes were found to be different among the roots of the selected species. This result will be highly useful for the precise identification and discrimination of the authentic root materials of P. zeylanica, P. Indica and P. Auriculata from substitutes and adulterants used in the raw drug market.

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Ming, Yong, Jing Wang, Jin Yang e Wei Liu. "Chemical Constituents of Plumbago Zeylanica L." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (agosto 2011): 1662–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.1662.

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To investigate the chemical constituents from the Plumbago zeylanica L. the chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and their structures were elucidated as plumbazeylanone(1),plumbagic acid(2),β-sitosterol(3),lupeol(4),lup-20(29)-en-3,21-dione(5),norcanelilline(6),3-O-glucopyranosyl plumbagicacid methylester(7),uridine(8),daucosterol(9).Compound 4-6 and 8 were first time were isolated from this plant for the first time.

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Ferreira, G. M., e K. S. Laddha. "A METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF DROSERONE FROM PLUMBAGIN". INDIAN DRUGS 50, n. 05 (28 maggio 2013): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.50.05.p0053.

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Droserone (2,5-dihyrdoxy-3-methyl-1,4- naphthoquinone) was prepared from naturally occurring naphthoquinone plumbagin. Plumbagin was isolated from roots of Plumbago zeylanica. Plumbagin was first brominated at C-3 which was subsequently substituted with hydroxy group by a nucleophilic substitution to obtain Droserone. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectral data. RP-HPLC was used to ascertain the purity of the obtained compound.

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Ferreira, G. M., e K. S. Laddha. "A METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF DROSERONE FROM PLUMBAGIN". INDIAN DRUGS 50, n. 05 (28 maggio 2013): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.50.05.p0053.

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Droserone (2,5-dihyrdoxy-3-methyl-1,4- naphthoquinone) was prepared from naturally occurring naphthoquinone plumbagin. Plumbagin was isolated from roots of Plumbago zeylanica. Plumbagin was first brominated at C-3 which was subsequently substituted with hydroxy group by a nucleophilic substitution to obtain Droserone. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectral data. RP-HPLC was used to ascertain the purity of the obtained compound.

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Adusei, Emmanuel B. A., Reimmel K. Adosraku, James Oppong-Kyekyeku e Cedric D. K. Amengor. "Investigation of Acid-Base Indicator Property of Plumbagin from Plumbago zeylanica Linn". International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2019 (18 agosto 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4061927.

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There has been an increasing interest in the search for colour indicators of natural origin for titrimetric analysis. This is due to some challenges associated with the currently used synthetic ones. This study evaluates and validates the acid-base indicator property of plumbagin isolated from Plumbago zeylanica Linn. Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) was isolated from the roots of Plumbago zeylanica Linn using silica gel chromatography and characterized using spectroscopic methods in comparison with those reported in the literature. Its acid-base indicator property was evaluated alongside phenolphthalein and methyl orange, after it was found to exhibit a sharp change in colour at various pH ranges. The plumbagin indicator was successfully used to assay ibuprofen powder and tablets (400 mg) using the British Pharmacopoeia (2013) method. Data obtained were analyzed statistically by Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA in GraphPad Prism (version 5.01, 2010). Analysis of the use of the plumbagin indicator in acid-base titrations between strong acids and strong bases and between weak acids and strong bases has been evaluated and validated according to the ICH guidelines. Plumbagin use in ibuprofen powder and tablets has also been verified. Plumbagin has been validated for use as an indicator suitable for different acid-base titrations and the analysis of ibuprofen.

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Patel, Hetal D., Ramar Krishnamurthy e Musibau A. Azeez. "Effect of Biofertilizer on Growth, Yield and Bioactive Component of Plumbago zeylanica (Lead Wort)". Journal of Agricultural Science 8, n. 5 (13 aprile 2016): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n5p141.

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<p>A comparative study on effect of chemical fertilizer and biofertiliser on Plumbago zeylanica for growth, yield and bioactive component was conducted at Bardoli (district-Surat), India between 2012 and 2013 using Random Block Design method and monthly observation of growth parameters. Application of biofertiliser Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Phosphate solubilizing Bacteria and mixture of Aza + Azo + PSB increased plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, length of root, fresh weight, dry weight and bioactive component (plumbagin). Highest effect on height (91.33±10.13) of plant was obtained with PSB applied biofertiliser whereas the number of branches (14.67±0.47) and number of leaves (25.60±13.17) was obtained with Azospirillum biofertilizer application. The length PSB (33.33±1.32), fresh weight (26.44±1.32) and dry weight of roots (24.66±1.13) was realized with application of mixture of Aza + Azo + PSB. The bioactive component (plumbagin) was high with application of Azospirillum (0.026%w/w) using HPLC. The results of this study suggest that biofertiliser have the potential to increase the growth, yield and bioactive component of Plumbago zeylanica.</p>

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Tan, Ming Xiong, Xu Jian Luo, Yun Qiong Gu e Gong Cong Lu. "The Interaction of Cytotoxic Sm (III) Complex of Plumbagin with Bovine Serum Albumin". Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (gennaio 2013): 1380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.1380.

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Plumbagin (PLN) is isolated from Plumbago Zeylanica, an anticancer Traditional Chinese Medicine. The interaction between cytotoxic complex [Sm (PLN)3(H2O)2]H2O and bovine serum albumin (BSA) is investigated by fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, and UV-vis spectra. It is observed that Sm(III) complex can reduce the fluorescence intensity of BSA by the way of static quenching.

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Lin, Lie-Chwen, Ling-Ling Yang e Cheng-Jen Chou. "Cytotoxic naphthoquinones and plumbagic acid glucosides from Plumbago zeylanica". Phytochemistry 62, n. 4 (febbraio 2003): 619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00519-8.

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Cong, Hai-Jian, Shu-Wei Zhang, Yu Shen, Yong Zheng, Yu-Jie Huang, Wen-Qiong Wang, Ying Leng e Li-Jiang Xuan. "Guanidine Alkaloids from Plumbago zeylanica". Journal of Natural Products 76, n. 7 (12 luglio 2013): 1351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np400235s.

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Kishore, Navneet, Bhuwan B. Mishra, Vinod K. Tiwari e Vyasji Tripathi. "Difuranonaphthoquinones from Plumbago zeylanica roots". Phytochemistry Letters 3, n. 2 (giugno 2010): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2009.11.007.

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Nguyen, A. T., H. Malonne, P. Duez, R. Vanhaelen-Fastre, M. Vanhaelen e J. Fontaine. "Cytotoxic constituents from Plumbago zeylanica". Fitoterapia 75, n. 5 (luglio 2004): 500–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2004.03.009.

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Roy, Arpita, e Navneeta Bharadvaja. "A review on pharmaceutically important medical plant: Plumbago zeylanica". Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 3, n. 4 (30 dicembre 2017): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jahm.2017.3411.

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Medicinal plants have been used as a source of medicine and they are in great demand worldwide. They have been used for many years to treat health disorders and prevent diseases. Plumbago zeylanica is one of the medicinal plants which are widely used for its therapeutic value. It contains several bioactive compounds like napthoquinones, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, tri-terpenoids, tannins, fixed oils, fats, proteins, etc among all plumbagin is most important bioactive compounds. It possesses wide range of pharmaceutical activities such as anti-cancer, antidiabetic, anti-malarial, anti-microbial, etc. Several studies have been done in evaluation of its pharmaceutical activities. The aim of the present review is to provide a comprising knowledge related to the chemical composition and pharmaceutical activity of P. zeylanica.

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Dubey, Nidhi, Nitin Dubey, Rajendra Mehta e Ajay Kumar Saluja. "Determination of Psoralen and Plumbagin from Its Polyherbal Oil Formulations by an HPTLC Densitometric Method". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 92, n. 3 (1 maggio 2009): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/92.3.779.

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Abstract Many polyherbal oil formulations in Indian and Chinese traditional systems of medicine used for control of skin diseases contain seeds of Psoralea corylifolia and roots of Plumbago zeylanica L. Psoralen and plumbagin are the reliable markers for Ps. corylifolia and Pl. zeylanica, respectively. However, no attempt is made to standardize the polyherbal oil formulations containing Ps. corylifolia and Pl. zeylanica in terms of their active ingredients or marker compounds. In this paper, a simple, rapid, and sensitive HPTLC method is described for the first time to identify and quantify psoralen and plumbagin from such polyherbal oil formulations. The methanolic extract of oil formulations was used for analysis of markers. Psoralen gives a sharp UV absorbance peak at 302 nm and plumbagin at 275 nm. Good resolution of psoralen (Rf = 0.37) and plumbagin (Rf = 0.77) was attained using tolueneethyl acetate (7.5 + 2.5, v/v) mobile phase. The method was validated in terms of calibration curve, limits of detection and quantification, precision, accuracy, and robustness following a standard protocol. Polyherbal oil formulations were analyzed with reasonable accuracy, and no matrix interference was observed. The method developed can be used for marker-based quality assurance of oil formulations containing Ps. corylifolia and Pl. zeylanica as one active ingredient.

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Shailja Choudhary, Hemlata Kaurav e Gitika Chaudhary. "Citraka (Plumbago zeylanica): A Potential Rejuvenator". International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8, n. 2 (7 aprile 2021): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijrasb.8.2.26.

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Plumbago zeylanica is also known as chitraka, doctor bush, or leadwort. It is the most popular herbal plant that belongs to the family Plumbaginaceae or leadwort. Plumbagin is the most important chemical constituent present in the roots, leaves and stem of the plant that is responsible for various pharmacological actions including anti-malarial, anti-obese, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer. Traditionally it is used to treat variety of diseases such as dysmenorrhea, leprosy, anemia, rheumatic pain, cold, cough, arthritis and many more. It is considered as the most significant herbal plant in the ayurveda medicinal system of India and is widely accepted as a rejuvenator because of the presence of bioactive compounds. Various formulations of chitraka plant have made this plant more effective in the field of medicine. The plant carries various therapeutic properties and acts as a cardiotonic, neuroprotective and cns stimulant. The review aim is to provide data or information related to chitraka plant its usage in traditional and ayurveda medicinal system, its pharmacological properties and toxicity when taken in excessive amount. From the collected data, it is clear that the plant has great potential to cure various diseases and needs more research and development to explore its more pharmacological properties and socio-economic impact.

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Sandhya P e Snehalata J. "Formulation development and evaluation of antiacne activity of ethosomal gel prepared using Plumbago zeylanica root extract". International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, n. 4 (26 settembre 2020): 5511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3185.

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The objective of present research work is, to develop an ethosome, as a carrier system for Plumbago root extract, its incorporation into gel formulations and to characterize the developed gel formulations by estimation of plumbagin content and study of antiacne activity. Roots of Plumbago zeylanica L (Plumbaginaceae) contains Plumbagin and is used for skin infections and intestinal worms. Topical therapy for acne includes comedolytic agents, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs. The excessive use of antibiotics has led to the increased resistance of acne-causing bacteria. In this research work, plumbago roots have been screened for their potential use for the treatment of acne and hydroalcoholic extract of the roots was found to be effective. Seven batches (EF1-EF7) of ethosomes were prepared using soya lecithin (1-3%) and ethanol (10-45%) and the hydroalcoholic extract. The range of entrapment efficiency varied from 17.12 to 80.82%. The ethosomes EF6 having highest entrapment efficiency was incorporated into gel formulation. Carbopol 934P (0.5 -2%) was used to prepare ethosomal gel and evaluated for physicochemical properties, drug content and diffusion characteristics. The pH of the gel was in the range of 6.87 to 7.03. Viscosity was between 5600 - 9800 centipoises. The % drug content was in the range of 95.91% to 100.7%. The ethosome, in their gel formulation, showed good physicochemical properties, drug content and diffusion pattern. The anti-acne activity of F3 showed good zones of inhibition comparable with standard Clindamycin. The present study suggested ethosomal gel as an efficient carrier for plumbago root extract for antiacne activity.

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Sultana, Nahid, M. Oliur Rahman e Md Abul Hassan. "Seed Germination in Six Anticancerous Plants of Bangladesh". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 45, n. 2 (28 dicembre 2019): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v45i2.46589.

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Six medicinal plants, namely Boerhavia diffusa L., Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br., Jatropha gossypifolia L., Leonurus sibiricus L., Plumbago zeylanica L. and Ricinus communis L. of Bangladesh having anticancerous properties were investigated with a view to knowing their seed germination time, rate and pattern. The minimum days taken for seed germination in B. diffusa, C. procera, J. gossypifolia, L. sibiricus, P. zeylanica and R. communis were 70, 9, 24, 75, 11 and 14, respectively. The maximum time (130 days) required for germination was observed in Leonurus sibiricus. The highest germination rate (100%) was observed in Plumbago zeylanica, while the lowest rate (10%) was found in Ricinus communis. Epigeal type of germination was noted in all the species employed. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 45(2): 151-159, December 2019

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Subramaniyan, Vetriselvan, e Velmurugan Paramasivam. "POTENTIAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA". Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, n. 10 (1 settembre 2017): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i10.20357.

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Objective: To determine the anti-inflammatory activity of dichloromethane extract of Plumbago zeylanica (DMEPZ), and its possible mechanism of action.Methods: Male Wistar rats (180-200 g) under controlled standard conditions (24±1°C, 55-58 humidity and 12 hrs light/dark cycle). The groups were divided into 5 groups (n=6/group) and assigned as positive control, negative control, and standard and two different test dose groups of P. zeylanica. Paw edema induced by subplantar injection of 0.1 mL of carrageenan (suspended in 1% carboxymethyl cellulose) into the right hind paw in all groups except negative control group. Granuloma induced by cotton pellets (10±1 mg) were implanted into groin region of each rat. The groups were divided into 4 groups (n=6/group) and assigned as possitive control, two different test dose groups of P. zeylanica and standard.Results: Oral administration of DMEPZ shown a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent protection against carrageenan-induced paw edema. At 1st hr, P. zeylanica shown an inhibition effect of edema in the different doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg were found to be 28.57 and 31.79%, respectively. At 3rd hrs, the paw edema inhibition was found to be 30.70 and 40.15%, respectively. Diclofenac (25 mg/kg) had effect of 34.10 and 41.73% (p<0.001) inhibition of paw edema at in 1 and 3 hrs. P. zeylanica 500 mg/kg showed percentage inhibition of wet and dry cotton pellet granuloma in rats 55.84% and 47.92%, respectively.Conclusion: Thus, the present study revealed that the DMEPZ offered significant protection against inflammation.

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Russell, Scott D., e David D. Cass. "Ultrastructure of fertilization in Plumbago zeylanica". Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 50, n. 1-2 (2014): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1981.029.

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The synergidless female gametophyte of <em>Plumbago zeylanica</em> receives the pollen tube through specialized cell wall ingrowths at the base of the egg; tube growth continues between egg and central cells. Pollen tube discharge occurs between egg and central cell and results in release of two male gametes, vegetative nucleus, and some pollen cytoplasm. Except for the location of gamete discharge, details of transmission and fusion of gametic nuclei appear to conform to reports of these processes in taxa possessing conventional embryo sacs.

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Nalina, L., K. Shanthanu, G. Saraswathy, M. Suganthy, B. Meena e K. Rajamani. "Genetic diversity in Plumbago zeylanica (L.)". Acta Horticulturae, n. 1241 (giugno 2019): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2019.1241.22.

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Gupta, Aditi, Anjali Gupta e J. Singh. "Note New Naphthoquinones from Plumbago zeylanica". Pharmaceutical Biology 37, n. 4 (gennaio 1999): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/phbi.37.4.321.5807.

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Nile, Shivraj Hariram, e Se Won Park. "Biologically Active Compounds from Plumbago zeylanica". Chemistry of Natural Compounds 50, n. 5 (29 ottobre 2014): 905–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-014-1112-8.

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Yuniantara, Herdina Permatha, e Sunu Kuntjoro. "Potensi Tumbuhan Gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa Burm.F), Kamboja kuning (Plumeria alba), Daun Encok (Plumbago zeylanica) sebagai Absorben Timbal (Pb) di Udara". LenteraBio : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 9, n. 3 (24 luglio 2021): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/lenterabio.v9n3.p250-257.

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Pencemaran udara disebabkan oleh tingginya jumlah kendaraan bermotor. Tingginya jumlah kendaraan bermotor akan menyebabkan menurunnya kualitas udara bersih di perkotaan. Hasil emisi kendaraan bermotor berupa Timbal (Pb). Tumbuhan Gandrusa (Justicia gendarussa Burm.F.), Kamboja Kuning (Plumeria alba) dam Daun Encok (Plumbago zeylanica) dapat dijadikan absorben timbal (Pb) di udara. Penelitian ini dengan tujuan mengetahui jumlah kadar timbal dalam tumbuhan Justicia gendarussa Burm.F., Plumeria alba dan Plumbago zeylanica yang terpapar gas buangan kendaraan dan untuk mengkaji hubungan pengaruh kadar klorofil dengan kadar timbal pada daun Justicia gendarussa Burm.F., Plumeria alba, Plumbago zeylanica. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengukur kadar Timbal menggunakan metode AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry), dan mengukur kadar klorofil menggunakan spektrofotometri dengan panjang gelombang 665 nm dan 649 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tumbuhan gandarusa, kamboja kuning dan daun encok berpotensi menjadi absorben timbal di udara yang memiliki kadar nilai mulai yang tinggi ke rendah yaitu daun Encok dengan kadar Pb 1,032 ppm; Gandarusa sebanyak 0,891 ppm dan Kamboja kuning 0,748 ppm. Kadar klorofil dari nilai tinggi ke rendah yakni Daun kamboja kuning sebanyak 1,075 mg/L; Daun encok sebanyak 1,030 mg/L dan Gandarusa 0,964 mg/L. Kadar klorofil pada tumbuhan gandarusa, kamboja kuning dan daun encok tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kadar timbal yang di absorbsi pada daun gandarusa, kamboja kuning dan daun encok.

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Jariah, Ainun. "Mutu Ekstrak Etanol Daun Encok (Plumbago Zeylanica L.) Berdasarkan Perbedaan Waktu Pengambilan Simplisia". JKPharm Jurnal Kesehatan Farmasi 1, n. 1 (1 giugno 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36086/jkpharm.v1i1.1762.

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Daun encok (Plumbago zeylanica L.) memiliki kandungan yang berkhasiat sebagai obat encokatau rematik. Untuk mendapatkan senyawa aktif yang berkhasiat maka perlu dilakukan prosesektraksi. Kemudian ekstrak yang diperoleh agar dapat dibuat menjadi produk obat maka perludilakukan standarisasi mutu ekstrak. Pengujian mutu ekstrak dilakukan untuk mengetahui mutuekstrak etanol daun encok (Plumbago zeylanica L.) yang diambil berdasarkan perbedaan waktuyaitu daun encok yang di ambil pagi (P) atau daun yang di ambil sore (S) yang akan memilikimutu baik untuk dijadikan ekstrak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik. Daunencok (Plumbago zeylanica L.) diambil pada P dan S. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasimenggunakan pelarut etanol 96% lalu di destilasi vakum sehingga menghasilkan ekstrak P danekstrak S. Masing-masing eksrak kemudian dilakukan pengujian standarisasi mutu ekstrak yangmeliputi pengujian parameter spesifik dan non spesifik ekstrak. Ekstraksi daun encok diperolehrendemen 7,96% untuk P dan 6,90% untuk S. Pada pengujian penapisan fitokimia ekstrak daunencok pagi secara semi kualitatif lebih baik. Kedua ekstrak telah memenuhi syarat untukpenetapan kadar sari larut etanol dan kadar air . Ekstrak P pada penetapan kadar sari larut air tidakmemenuhi syarat. Dari penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun encok pagi padapengujian parameter spesifik dan non spesifik lebih baik dalam penetapan rendemen, organoleptisdan kandungan senyawa dibandingkan ekstrak daun sore.

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S, Sharmila, Kalaichelvi K e Jayanthi G. "PHYSICO AND PHYTO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA L. - A POTANT INDIAN HERB". Kongunadu Research Journal 1, n. 2 (30 dicembre 2014): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj48.

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Medicinal plants are an integral component of alternative medical care. For millennia, Indian people traditionally played an important role in the management of biological resources and were custodians of related knowledge that they acquired through trial and error over centuries. India has a rich wealth ofmedicinal plants and the potential to accept the challenge to meet the global demand for them. In recent time, focus on plant research has increased all over the world and a large body evidence has collected to show immense potential of medicinal plants used in various traditional system. Plumbago zeylanica L.(Plumbaginaceae) is a tropical plant and the source for the well known ayurvedic drug ‘chitrakah’. Different parts of this plant are widely used for variety of medicinal treatments. Especially used for appetite, indigestion, piles, worms, liver diseases and cancer treatments. The present study was therefore carried outto provide pharmacognostic details of root of Plumbago zeylanica. The physico-chemical analysis of ash content indicated the presence of inorganic matter and siliceous matter in the drug. The phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids. Plumbagin is anaturally occurring yellow pigment, produced by member of plumbaginaceae that can be obtained from roots

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Rajbhar, Karishma, Jasvinder Kaushal, Himanshu Dawda e Usha Mukundan. "QUANTIFICATION OF LEAF AND ROOT PLUMBAGIN IN PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA FOLLOWED BY A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH CALLUS AND COMMERCIAL SOURCE". Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 13, n. 02 (31 marzo 2022): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.55218/jasr.202213229.

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Plumbago zeylanica shows the presence of many phytochemical constituents of which plumbagin, a type of naphthoquinone, is vital and has major biological effects. Plumbagin is majorly present in the root of the plants, with a minimal concentration in other parts of the plant. However, extracting plumbagin from the roots is destructive harvesting. Thus, micropropagation could be a viable alternative to reduce the collection of plant from wild. Study from micropropagated leaf calli was considered as a steady and sustainable source of phytochemical. P. zeyalnica callus was subcultured in an appropriate medium with plant growth regulators to initiate root cultures. A comparative study was performed to estimate the quantities of plumbagin obtain from the wild plant root part and root created by callus culture differentiation.

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Srivastav, P., Chetna Thapliyal, Madhusudan Chamoli, M. Bhatt, M. Khan e M. Rawat. "Intercropping of medicinal plants in sericultural gardens of Dehradun, Uttarakhand". Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 16, n. 1 (1 marzo 2009): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2009-8m2wh3.

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Present communication deals with the studies made on inter-cropping of some medicinal plants viz. Aloe barbadensis, Andrographis paniculata, Asparagus racemosus, Plumbago zeylanica, Rauvolfia serpentina, Acorus calamus and Cyperus scariosus under three spacings of Mulberry cultivation either as tree or bush plantations. Survival and growth of all the medicinal plants was observed to be maximum under 10'x10' spacing of Mulberry cultivated as trees. On the basis of these studies, it may be inferred that cultivation of Andrographis paniculata, Asparagus racemosus, Plumbago zeylanica and Acorus calamus may successfully be practiced in the Mulberry gardens of Uttarakhand. However, further studies are under progress on allelopathy and bio-assay with respect to inter-cropping of medicinal plants vis-à-vis silkworm rearing.

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Goutam, Shubhra, Mahendra Kashyap e Tarunika Jopat. "Phytochemical and biological studies on Plumbago zeylanica". Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 14, n. 3 (1 settembre 2007): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2007-hdqe46.

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The present review summarizes the studies regarding the isolation and characterization of phytoconstituents and the biological activity of Plumbago zeylanica. Biological activity like: cytotoxic activity, antifertility, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer and CNS activity of this plant have been reviewed in this paper.

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Ohira, Susumu, Yoshiaki Yokogawa, Shinji Tsuji, Taichi Mitsui, Tatsuhiko Fukukawa, Ken-ichiro Hayashi, Atsuhito Kuboki, Nobuyasu Matsuura, Munekazu Iinuma e Hiroshi Nozaki. "New naphthoquinone and monoterpenoid from Plumbago zeylanica". Tetrahedron Letters 55, n. 48 (novembre 2014): 6554–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.10.016.

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32

Kishore, Navneet, Bhuwan Bhushan Mishra, Vinod Kumar Tiwari e Vyasji Tripathi. "A novel naphthoquinone from Plumbago zeylanica roots". Chemistry of Natural Compounds 46, n. 4 (24 agosto 2010): 517–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-010-9666-6.

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33

Dhalani, Jayesh, Gaurang Dubal, Chirag Rathod e Pankaj Nariya. "Evaluation of Non-polar Composition in Plumbago Zeylanica Leaves by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry". Folia Medica 62, n. 2 (30 giugno 2020): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/folmed.62.e47647.

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Background:Plumbago zeylanica plant belongs to Plumbaginaceae. The plant is reported for many pharmacological activities. Aim: The objective of the study was to identify fatty acids and non-polar chemical compounds in Plumbago zeylanica leaves. Materials and methods: Petroleum ether extract was prepared using soxhlet apparatus. Saponifiable and unsaponifiable matter was separated with saponification process. To identify fatty acids in saponifiable matter further esterification was performed. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis was performed of both saponifiable and unsaponifiable fractions. All the fatty acid methyl esters and non-polar chemical compounds were identified using NIST library data. Results: A total of 14 compounds were identified with comparison of NIST data. From that, 8 fatty acid methyl esters and 6 non-polar chemical compounds were identified. Here we have analyzed fatty acids and non-polar chemical compounds by the same GC-MS method. Conclusions: The present analysis showed that Plumbago Zeylanica leaves contain 8 fatty acids and 6 non-polar chemical compounds. Principal determination of the research was development of efficient method to identify non-polar compound from plant by single injection using chromatographic technique.

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Paul, Ann Shine, Aneesul Islam e P. Yuvaraj. "Anti-Helicobacter Pylori and Cytotoxic activity of detoxified root of Plumbago auriculata, Plumbago indica and Plumbago zeylanica". Journal of Phytopharmacology 2, n. 1-3 (25 giugno 2013): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2013.21302.

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Anti-Helicobacter pylori and cytotoxic activity of detoxified root ethanol extract of Plumbago auriculata, Plumbago indica and Plumbago zeylanica. These three Plumbaginales root were detoxified with lime water and prepared the ethanol extract. Ethanol extract of these plants are possible activity against H. pylori and cytotoxicity activity with MTT assay in HGE-17 cell lines. These three plants ethanol extract (50-250 µg/ml) have dose dependent cytotoxicity activity in HGE-17 cell lines. Zone of inhibition test of these Plumbaginales plants ethanol extract against H. pylori have significant activity. Plumbago indica (10 mg) have more activity compared to other two plants. Three Plumbaginales detoxified plants root have cytotoxicity in HGE-17 cell lines and antibacterial activity in H. pylori. Based on our results these three detoxified plants root are used for H. pylori induced gastric ulcer.

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Mir, Amin, Anuj Kumar, Reeta Chauhan e Mohammad Waqar Ashraf. "Screening of Stem Extracts of Plumbago Zeylanica for Phytochemical, Antimicrobial and Anti-Arthritis Activity". Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 13, n. 4 (30 dicembre 2020): 1709–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2045.

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The plant Plumbago Zeylanica is known for its traditional medicinal use because of its wide phytochemical constituency. On same basis its screening for anti-microbial and anti-arthritis activity was carried out. The results showed that the stem of Plumbago Zeylanica could be used as best remedy against bacterial and fungal originated diseases. Among plant extracts, chloroform extract showed highest rate of inhibition against all the concerned bacterial strains followed by petroleum ether extract. The water extract did not show much response as an antimicrobial agent. Also the antifungal activity was observed for all the extracts, but ethanolic extract showed more inhibition potential followed by petroleum ether extract. The results of anti-arthritis activity shows, lowest IC50 (46.55) value for water extract, hence high inhibition potential, followed by ethanolic extract (IC50) 48.50. Over all the plant showed good response as biomedicine against microbial originated diseases and against arthritis.

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Mir, Amin, Anuj Kumar, Reeta Chauhan e Mohammad Waqar Ashraf. "Screening of Stem Extracts of Plumbago Zeylanica for Phytochemical, Antimicrobial and Anti-Arthritis Activity". Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 13, n. 4 (30 dicembre 2020): 1709–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2045.

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Abstract (sommario):

The plant Plumbago Zeylanica is known for its traditional medicinal use because of its wide phytochemical constituency. On same basis its screening for anti-microbial and anti-arthritis activity was carried out. The results showed that the stem of Plumbago Zeylanica could be used as best remedy against bacterial and fungal originated diseases. Among plant extracts, chloroform extract showed highest rate of inhibition against all the concerned bacterial strains followed by petroleum ether extract. The water extract did not show much response as an antimicrobial agent. Also the antifungal activity was observed for all the extracts, but ethanolic extract showed more inhibition potential followed by petroleum ether extract. The results of anti-arthritis activity shows, lowest IC50 (46.55) value for water extract, hence high inhibition potential, followed by ethanolic extract (IC50) 48.50. Over all the plant showed good response as biomedicine against microbial originated diseases and against arthritis.

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37

Zhu, Hua, e Scott D. Russell. "Calcium Distribution and Accumulation in Ovules of Plumbago Zeylanica". Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (agosto 2000): 696–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600035972.

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The embryo sac (ES) of Plumbago zeylanica, unlike most other flowering plants, lacks synergidsthe cell type that usually receives the pollen tube and the male gametes. Normally, synergids store copious amounts of calcium, estimated to exceed 15% by weight; this is believed to attract pollen tubes, which penetrate the ES, and may trigger the release of the sperm cells within one of the two synergids. If high concentrations of calcium are truly required for fertilization, the ES of Plumbago should also contain significant quantities. Synergids in normal flowering plants are preprogrammed for cell death, receiving the contents of the pollen tube directly in their cells, whereas synergid-lacking angiosperms apparently do not have such an apoptotic cell in the ES. Potassium pyroantimonate labeling was used to localize principally loosely-bound calcium, because it is a relatively mobile form of the Ca2+ ion that is available for redistribution during fertilization events.

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Uplanchiwar, Vaibhav, Gupta Mk e Rupesh K. Gautam. "BIOACTIVITY-GUIDED ISOLATION OF MEMORY-ENHANCING COMPOUND FROM CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF ROOTS OF PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA LINN." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, n. 7 (7 luglio 2018): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i7.27028.

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Aim: The main aim of our study is to isolate the active compound from roots of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. by bioactivity-guided isolation and evaluate its memory-enhancing effect by Morris water maze.Methods: Roots were extracted by successive solvent methods by petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, butanol, and finally, water. Chloroform extract was selected for isolation, and plumbagin was isolated by hexane and ethyl acetate as solvent system. Plumbagin was evaluated by Morris water test, and brain acetylcholine esterase level was measured.Result: Plumbagin showed a significant decrease of escape latency and increase of time spent in target quadrant by mice in Morris water maze indicating improvement of learning and memory. It also significantly decreases the cholinesterase level in the brain.Conclusion: Learning and memory of mice doubtless may be through embarrassment of brain acetyl cholinesterase activity and through involvement of GABA-benzodiazepine pathway. Further detailed study is required to explore the other possible mechanisms for the management of cognitive disorders.

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Singh, RK, e Pooja Shukla. "Toxicogenomics of Phenylhydrazine Induced Hematotoxicity and its Attenuation by Plumbagin from Plumbago zeylanica". Pharmacognosy Magazine 11, n. 44 (2015): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.168983.

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40

Roy, Arpita, e Navneeta Bharadvaja. "Establishment of root suspension culture of Plumbago zeylanica and enhanced production of plumbagin". Industrial Crops and Products 137 (ottobre 2019): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.05.007.

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41

Basu, Amrita, Raj Kumar Joshi e Sumita Jha. "Genetic Transformation of Plumbago zeylanica with Agrobacterium rhizogenes Strain LBA 9402 and Characterization of Transformed Root Lines". Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 25, n. 1 (9 luglio 2015): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v25i1.24123.

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High frequency transformation (73.80 ± 2.24%) has been obtained in Plumbago zeylanica using nodes and internodes of axenic whole plants infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain LBA 9402. The root lines could be distinguished morphologically into two types : Root lines of morphotypes I and II. While morphotype I showed profuse branching with short (< 1 cm), highly dense hairy laterals, the roots of morphotype II roots were characterized also by profuse branching with long hairy laterals (> 3 ? 4 cm). Only four of the ten root lines showed integration of four rol genes (rolA, rolB, rolC and rolD) of TL?DNA. None of the root lines showed presence of any of the five genes of TR?DNA. It is noteworthy that the root morphotypes (I and II) showed a clear distinction in the nature of integration and expression of rol genes. The transformed root lines varied significantly (p ? 0.05) with respect to DW (GI DW basis, 2.19 ± 0.24 ? 5.31 ± 0.6) after 4 weeks of culture on solid modified MS; and plumbagin contents in root lines (4.81 ± 0.16 ? 6.69 ± 0.34 mg/g DW) were higher than that reported earlier. Transformed root lines of P. zeylanica maintained in vitro on phytohormone devoid medium for over 2 years can be used for scale up studies for the production of plumbagin in bioreactors.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 25(1): 21-35, 2015 (June)

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42

Senarath, Paba, Vijitha Paheerathan, Sivakanesan Ramiah e Piratheepkumar Rajadurai. "Evaluation of Larvicidal Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Leaves, Root, Stem of Plumbago zeylanica Plant on Aedes aegypti". Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 9, n. 1 (30 marzo 2023): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jahm.2023.9102.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the larvicidal effect of aqueous extracts of different parts of the Plumbago zeylanica plant on the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti. This research assessed P. zeylanica for its larvicide activity against A. aegypti larvae. Five different concentrations of hot and cold aqueous extracts of root, leaf, and stem powders of P. zeylanica were separately prepared. The larvicidal effect of these extracts was assessed against early 1st, 3rd, and 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. Mosquito larvae were sampled, larval populations were monitored before and after application of aqueous extracts, and larval mortality was monitored after 12, 24, and 48 hours. Three trials were carried out under the same conditions. The percentage mortality of larvae in the sample was calculated, and the mean mortality was obtained for the 3 trials. Then the LC50 value was calculated according to the mean mortality with the SPSS package. The lowest LC50 values were obtained for the hot aqueous extracts on 1st instar larvae: root 122.74 mg/l, leaf 274.95 mg/l and stem 275.92 mg/l, 3rd instar larvae: root 129.37 mg/l, leaf 205.74 mg/l and stem 286.21 mg/l, 4th instar larvae: root 165.52 mg/l, leaf 216.89 mg/l and stem 329.94 mg/l and the root was found to have the highest larvicide activity. Finally, it was identified that by using 165.52 mg/l all three larval instar stages could be killed up to 50% and 90% with 280.921 mg/l. The present study reports that Plumbago zeylanica could serve as a potential larvicidal agent.

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Chaudhary, Narendra Kumar, Rijan Ojha e Tilak Prasad Gautam. "The Physicochemical analysis and Phytochemical screening of some medicinal plants of Letang Municipality of Morang district, Nepal". BIBECHANA 17 (1 gennaio 2020): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v17i0.25236.

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Ethnobotany gives the basic idea about the medicinal properties of plants. Identification of active compounds of the medicinal plants and their standardization is essential for the production of new drugs. In the present work, different parts of the five medicinal plants (Curcuma caesia, Costus speciosus, Drymaria cordata, Leea macrophylla, Plumbago zeylanica) were washed, air dried and crushed. Three different extracts of each powdered material were prepared and standard phytochemical analysis procedure was followed for the analysis of physicochemical properties of plants and the identification of active chemical constituents. Among 5 plants, the highest moisture content (14.83%) was found in Plumbago zeylanica, higher total ash (9.22%) and acid insoluble ash (4.43%) were observed in Cucurma caesia. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of 12 varieties of bioactive chemicals in the 5 different plants. The plants of the area have great diversity of phytochemicals of numerous medicinal properties. In conclusions, these five important medicinal plants could be useful for the people of the locality to cure several diseases as well as to generate the source of income. BIBECHANA 17 (2020) 67-74

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Chauhan, J. M. S., e Prabha Bisht. "Micropropagation of Plumbago Zeylanica L. through Axillary Bud Culture". Indian Journal of Forestry 37, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2014): 383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2014-r6y9mt.

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Plumbago zeylanica is a perennial herb or straggling shrub and is greatly valued in ayurvedic treatment of cough, asthma and gastrointestinal disorders. Propagation of the species through seed is unreliable due to poor seed quality, erratic germination and seedling mortality under natural field conditions. Hence, it’s Propagation through tissue culture was sought. The nodal explants were taken as the starting material for the establishment of cultures. After washing the explants were surface sterilized by different sterilants viz. HgCl2, NaOCl and H2O2 with different concentrations and time duration where 0.1% of HgCl2 for 5 minutes was found the best. After sterilization nodal segments were inoculated on MS medium with different hormonal concentrations under aseptic conditions. Bud break was observed after two weeks of culture in 1.0 mg/l of BAP. These axillary shoots were excised and transferred to MS medium supplemented with different hormonal concentrations. A very high rate of multiplication occurred on MS + BAP (1.0 mg/l) + KIN (0.4 mg/l) and NAA (0.2 mg/l). In vitro grown shoots were rooted in ½ strength MS medium supplemented with different concentration of IBA (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg/l), IAA (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg/l). Maximum rooting was recorded in 0.5 mg/l IBA. After one month on rooting medium healthy roots were developed and there after plantlets were transferred to mist chamber for acclimatization.

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Singh, Udai Pratap, Poonam Yadav e M. P. Goutam. "Antimicrobial Efficacy of Traditionally Used Plant Chitrak Plumbago zeylanica". Asian Man (The) - An International Journal 12, n. 2 (2018): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-6884.2018.00037.3.

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Sakamoto, Seiichi, Waraporn Putalun, Benyakan Pongkitwitoon, Thaweesak Juengwatanatrakul, Yukihiro Shoyama, Hiroyuki Tanaka e Satoshi Morimoto. "Modulation of plumbagin production in Plumbago zeylanica using a single-chain variable fragment antibody against plumbagin". Plant Cell Reports 31, n. 1 (11 settembre 2011): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-011-1143-6.

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Bothiraja, Chellampillai, Prajakta P. Joshi, Ganesh Y. Dama e Atmaram P. Pawar. "Rapid method for isolation of plumbagin, an alternative medicine from roots of Plumbago zeylanica". European Journal of Integrative Medicine 3, n. 1 (aprile 2011): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2011.02.008.

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Adusei, Emmanuel B. A., Reimmel K. Adosraku, James Oppong-Kyekyeku, Cedric D. K. Amengor e Yakubu Jibira. "Resistance Modulation Action, Time-Kill Kinetics Assay, and Inhibition of Biofilm Formation Effects of Plumbagin from Plumbago zeylanica Linn". Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019 (26 novembre 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1250645.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to the prevention and treatment of the increasing range of infectious diseases. There is therefore the need for renewed efforts into antimicrobial discovery and development to combat the menace. The antimicrobial activity of plumbagin isolated from roots of Plumbago zeylanica against selected organisms was evaluated for resistance modulation antimicrobial assay, time-kill kinetics assay, and inhibition of biofilm formation. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of plumbagin and standard drugs were determined via the broth microdilution method to be 0.5 to 8 μg/mL and 0.25–128 μg/mL, respectively. In the resistance modulation study, MICs of the standard drugs were redetermined in the presence of subinhibitory concentration of plumbagin (4 μg/mL), and plumbagin was found to either potentiate or reduce the activities of these standard drugs with the highest potentiation recorded up to 12-folds for ketoconazole against Candida albicans. Plumbagin was found to be bacteriostatic and fungistatic from the time-kill kinetics study. Plumbagin demonstrated strong inhibition of biofilm formation activity at concentrations of 128, 64, and 32 μg/mL against the test microorganisms compared with ciprofloxacin. Plumbagin has been proved through this study to be a suitable lead compound in antimicrobial resistance drug development.

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Tokarz, Krzysztof M., Wojciech Makowski, Barbara Tokarz, Monika Hanula, Ewa Sitek, Ewa Muszyńska, Roman Jędrzejczyk, Rafał Banasiuk, Łukasz Chajec e Stanisław Mazur. "Can Ceylon Leadwort (Plumbago zeylanica L.) Acclimate to Lead Toxicity?—Studies of Photosynthetic Apparatus Efficiency". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, n. 5 (9 marzo 2020): 1866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051866.

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Ceylon leadwort (Plumbago zeylanica) is ornamental plant known for its pharmacological properties arising from the abundant production of various secondary metabolites. It often grows in lead polluted areas. The aim of presented study was to evaluate the survival strategy of P. zeylanica to lead toxicity via photosynthetic apparatus acclimatization. Shoots of P. zeylanica were cultivated on media with different Pb concentrations (0.0, 0.05, and 0.1 g Pb∙l−1). After a four-week culture, the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants was evaluated by Chl a fluorescence measurement, photosynthetic pigment, and Lhcb1, PsbA, PsbO, and RuBisCo protein accumulation, antioxidant enzymes activity, and chloroplast ultrastructure observation. Plants from lower Pb concentration revealed no changes in photosynthetic pigments content and light-harvesting complex (LHCII) size, as well as no limitation on the donor side of Photosystem II Reaction Centre (PSII RC). However, the activity and content of antioxidant enzymes indicated a high risk of limitation on the acceptor side of Photosystem I. In turn, plants from 0.1 g Pb∙l−1 showed a significant decrease in pigments content, LHCII size, the amount of active PSII RC, oxygen-evolving complex activity, and significant remodeling of chloroplast ultrastructure indicated limitation of PSII RC donor side. Obtained results indicate that P. zeylanica plants acclimate to lead toxicity by Pb accumulation in roots and, depending on Pb concentration, by adjusting their photosynthetic apparatus via the activation of alternative (cyclic and pseudocyclic) electron transport pathways.

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Zhang, Yilin, Guantai Ni e Hongying Yang. "Plumbagin attenuates high glucose-induced trophoblast cell apoptosis and insulin resistance via activating AKT/mTOR pathway". Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 13, n. 3 (6 novembre 2021): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/qas.v13i3.960.

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Plumbagin, a bioactive phytoconstituent, is isolated from the root of Plumbago zeylanica L. Plumbagin possesses antidiabetic effect to mediate glucose homeostasis, wound healing and diabetic nephropathy. However, the involvement of plumbagin in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has not been reported yet. Trophoblast cell line (HTR8/SVneo) was incubated with high glucose to establish cell model of GDM. Cell viability and proliferation were detected by MTT and EdU staining. Flow cytometry was used to investigate cell apoptosis. Cell viability of HTR8/SVneo was reduced by high glucose or incubation of plumbagin. Plumbagin restored reduced cell viability and proliferation of HTR8/SVneo induced by high glucose. Plumbagin attenuated high glucose-induced cell apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells through upregulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9. Protein expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4), insulin receptor (INSR)-B and INSR substrate (IRS1) was decreased in high glucose-induced HTR8/SVneo but increased by plumbagin. The suppressive effects of high glucose on phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR in HTR8/SVneo were reversed by plumbagin. Plumbagin improved high glucose-induced cell apoptosis and insulin resistance of HTR8/SVneo through activation of AKT/mTOR pathway, suggesting that plumbagin might be used as a potential strategy for the prevention of GDM.

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