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Ro, Ayako, e Norimasa Kageyama. "Pathomorphometry of ruptured intracranial vertebral arterial dissection: adventitial rupture, dilated lesion, intimal tear, and medial defect". Journal of Neurosurgery 119, n. 1 (luglio 2013): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.2.jns121586.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Object Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to ruptured intracranial vertebral artery (VA) dissection is a life-threatening disease. Angiographic and symptomatic prognostic factors for rupture and rerupture have been investigated, but the pathological characteristics have not been fully investigated. The authors aimed to investigate these features by performing a pathomorphometic study of ruptured intracranial VA dissections. Methods This study included 50 administrative autopsy cases of fatal SAH due to ruptured intracranial VA dissection among 517 fatal nontraumatic cases of SAH occurring between March 2003 and May 2011. Pathomorphometry was performed using serial 5-μm histological cross-sections with elastica van Gieson staining from each 0.2-mm segment around the ruptured intracranial VA. The longitudinal lengths of 4 types of vascular lesions—adventitial ruptures, dilated lesions where the internal elastic lamina (IEL) was ruptured with adventitial extension, intimal tears where the IEL was ruptured, and medial defects—were calculated based on the numbers of the slides in which these lesions were continuously detected (minimum 2 adjoining slides). The distance from the vertebrobasilar junction to the center of adventitial rupture was also calculated in 37 cases. Results All cases showed one adventitial rupture with a mean length of about 1.9 ± 1.1 mm. The center of the adventitial rupture was located 5.0–26.8 mm (mean 14.6 ± 5.5 mm) from the intracranial VA bifurcation. Adventitial ruptures existed in the centers of dilated lesions, where the adventitia was highly extended. Other vascular lesions were serially observed surrounding the adventitial rupture. The mean lengths of dilated lesions, intimal tears, and medial defects were 9.4 ± 4.8 mm, 13.2 ± 6.3 mm, and 15.6 ± 7.2 mm, respectively. The lengths between proximal lesions and distal lesions from the center of the adventitial rupture for both medial defects and intimal tears were significantly longer at proximal lesions than at distal ones (chi-square test, p < 0.01). Conclusions Every ruptured intracranial VA dissection has a single point of adventitial rupture where the adventitia was maximally extended, so dilation appears to be a valuable predictive factor for hemorrhagic intracranial VA dissections. The adventitial ruptures were as small as 2 mm in length, and clinically detectable dilated lesions were about 9 mm in length. However, vascular vulnerability caused by IEL ruptures and medial defects existed more widely across a length of VA of 1.3–1.5 cm. Comparatively broader protection of the intracranial VA than the clinically detected area of dissection might be desirable to prevent rebleeding. Broader protection of proximal lesions than distal lesions might be effective from the viewpoint of site distribution of vascular lesions and blood flow alteration to the pseudolumen caused by the dissecting hematoma. Medial defects are the most widely seen lesions among the 4 types of vascular lesions studied. Medial degenerative disease, known as segmental arterial mediolysis, is suspected in the pathogenesis of intracranial VA dissections.
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Rojas, Carlos Antonio Aguirre. "1968 as a turning point in historical thinking: changes in western historiography". História (São Paulo) 23, n. 1-2 (2004): 197–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-90742004000200010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article deals with an evolution of the meaning of 1968 Cultural Revolution as an "rupture event". Big ruptures have occurred since then in the historiography, affecting convictions present in several conceptions of History and directing this discipline to the cultural studies.
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Jung, Tae-Hwa, e Sangyoung Son. "The Effect of Surface Ruptures on the Propagation of Tsunamis: An Analysis of 1993 Hokkaido Earthquake". Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 20, n. 1 (29 febbraio 2020): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2020.20.1.365.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
An earthquake occurs when the energy condensed at certain points in the Earth's crust exceeds a certain threshold. Changes in depth of the seabed (induced by subsurface deformation) can cause irregular undulations and tsunamis. Surface ruptures usually start at one point and propagate in diverse directions (typically one or two). In this study, we used numerical analysis to examine the effects of surface ruptures on the generation and propagation of tsunamis. The 1993 Hokkaido earthquake was chosen for the test, and three subfaults were adopted to account for the history and process of the rupture. The results revealed the clear effects of surface rupture near the epicenter, showing either an increase or decrease in run-up heights (depending on spatial locations). Although the effects on run-up heights along the coast of the East Sea were unclear, the maximum effect (observed at specific points) generated twice the normal run-up heights.
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Ogle, Kathleen, Sohaib Mandoorah, Matthew Fellin, Hamid Shokoohi, William Probasco e Keith Boniface. "Point-of-care Ultrasound Diagnosis of Bilateral Patellar Tendon Rupture". Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine 4, n. 1 (24 gennaio 2020): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.2019.10.44194.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Musculoskeletal complaints are one cornerstone of urgent issues for which orthopedic and emergency physicians provide care. Ultrasound can be a useful diagnostic tool to help identify musculoskeletal injuries. We describe a case of bilateral patellar tendon rupture that presented after minor trauma, and had the diagnosis confirmed at the bedside by point-of-care ultrasound.Physicians caring for patients with orthopedic injuries should be familiar with the use of ultrasound to diagnose tendon ruptures.
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Zhuo, Yan-Qun, Yanshuang Guo e Sergei Alexandrovich Bornyakov. "Laboratory Observations of Repeated Interactions between Ruptures and the Fault Bend Prior to the Overall Stick-Slip Instability Based on a Digital Image Correlation Method". Applied Sciences 9, n. 5 (5 marzo 2019): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9050933.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Fault geometry plays important roles in the evolution of earthquake ruptures. Experimental studies on the spatiotemporal evolution of the ruptures of a fault with geometric bands are important for understanding the effects of the fault bend on the seismogenic process. However, the spatial sampling of the traditional point contact type sensors is quite low, which is unable to observe the detailed spatiotemporal evolution of ruptures. In this study, we use a high-speed camera combined with a digital image correlation (DIC) method to observe ruptures during stick-slip motions of a simulated bent fault. Meanwhile, strain gages were also used to test the results of the DIC method. Multiple cycles of the alternative propagation of ruptures between the two fault segments on the both sides of the fault bend were observed prior to the overall failure of the fault. Moreover, the slip velocity and rupture speed were observed getting higher during this process. These results indicate the repeated interactions between the ruptures and the fault bend prior to the overall instability of the fault, which distinguishes the effect of the fault bend from the effect of asperities in straight faults on the evolution of ruptures. In addition, improvement in the temporal sampling rate of the DIC measurement system may further help to unveil the rupture evolution during the overall instability in future.
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Bommer, Julian J., e Valentina Montaldo Falero. "Virtual Fault Ruptures in Area-Source Zones for PSHA: Are They Always Needed?" Seismological Research Letters 91, n. 4 (29 aprile 2020): 2310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190345.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Seismic source models for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), except when using zoneless approaches based directly on the earthquake catalog, invariably include area-source zones, even if active fault sources are modeled explicitly. Because most modern ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) employ source-to-site distance metrics defined relative to extended fault ruptures rather than to the epicenter or hypocenter, it becomes necessary to generate virtual fault ruptures within the area-source zones to enable calculation of the correct distance of each earthquake scenario from the site of interest. For a site-specific PSHA, the work of defining the virtual rupture characteristics such as strike, dip, and style of faulting, for more distant source zones, and the computational effort of simulating these ruptures for each earthquake scenario in the hazard calculations, may be unnecessary. Beyond a certain distance from the site, it can be demonstrated that the loss of accuracy introduced by modeling the individual earthquake scenarios as point sources rather than as extended ruptures is usually sufficiently small to allow the distance metric in the GMPEs to be treated as epicentral or hypocentral distance. Such simplifications can significantly increase the efficiency of the hazard calculations and also relieve the seismic source modelers of considerable effort to characterize virtual ruptures far beyond the host zone of the site. Treating earthquake scenarios in the more remote source zones as points also brings the additional benefit of avoiding problems that can arise with the largest magnitude scenarios leading to ruptures that approach the site in cases for which the ruptures are not constrained to remain within the source boundaries.
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Kozacı, Özgür, e Erhan Altunel. "Characteristics of the North Anatolian Fault at the eastern end of Marmara seismic gap based on multidisciplinary field evidence". Geophysical Journal International 229, n. 3 (28 gennaio 2022): 1785–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac022.
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SUMMARY The northern branch of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) is the primary source of the greatest natural hazard for the Marmara Megapolis and specifically the İstanbul Metropolitan area. The Sea of Marmara section of the NAF is a ∼125-km-long seismic gap bound by the M7.4 1912 Mürefte earthquake rupture in the west and M7.4 1999 İzmit earthquake rupture in the east. Terminations of these ruptures define the length of the seismic gap in the Marmara Sea and consequently the magnitude and rupture extent of the expected large magnitude earthquake. The Hersek Peninsula is the last location where the NAF can be studied on land before it enters the Sea of Marmara. In addition, it is a geologically key location for the western termination of the M7.4 İzmit surface rupture. This study integrates high-resolution onshore and offshore data from Hersek Peninsula and its vicinity in İzmit Bay to assess the seismic hazard for the Marmara region. Detailed geological and geomorphic mapping, palaeoseismic trenching, geophysical and geotechnical subsurface data and archeoseismologic investigations demonstrate that the 1999 İzmit earthquake surface rupture died off east of the Hersek Peninsula due to structural complexity of the NAF at this location and the most recent earthquake to rupture the surface at Hersek Peninsula was the historical 1509 CE event. A restraining bend and bifurcation of the NAF at Hersek Peninsula suggests that this location might be a persistent asperity forming a surface rupture segmentation point at least since Pleistocene. Surface ruptures documented in palaeoseismic trenches north of the Hersek Lagoon and an offset 6th century East Roman aqueduct; however, suggests that this section of the NAF has ruptured the surface multiple times in the past and is highly likely to rupture again during the expected Marmara earthquake. The aqueduct; which crosses the surface trace of the NAF, is offset 14 ± 1 m and yields 13.6 ± 1 mm yr–1 dextral slip rate indicating that the northern branch of the NAF accrues and releases the majority of the stress between Eurasia and Anatolian block in the Marmara region. If the ∼125-km-long seismic gap between the 1912 and 1999 ruptures fail during a single event the expected Marmara earthquake can reach M7.4.
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Sérgio, Manuel, e Fábio Ricardo Mizuno Lemos. "Futebol: necessárias rupturas". MOTRICIDADES: Revista da Sociedade de Pesquisa Qualitativa em Motricidade Humana 3, n. 1 (3 maggio 2019): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29181/2594-6463-2019-v3-n1-p69-76.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Resumo A intenção desse ensaio é apontar reflexões sobre o futebol, em sua possível relação com a motricidade humana, que considera o ser humano no constante movimento intencional da transcendência. Para isso, são sinalizadas algumas rupturas, entre elas: o ser humano que vivencia o desporto não é um ser mecânico, uma máquina, uma dicotomia corpo-mente, sentimentos-consciência, natureza-cultura; seus movimentos não são matematicamente explicados; o mundo não é um relógio. A complexidade humana é afirmada, os sentimentos considerados, para além das táticas e técnicas desportivas. A transformação do futebol é proposta (de mera atividade física à atividade verdadeiramente humana) a partir do desporto escolar e do desporto popular.Palavras-chave: Futebol. Ruptura. Motricidade Humana. Soccer: necessary ruptures Abstract The aim of this essay is to point reflections on soccer and human motricity, which considers the human being in the constant intentional movement of transcendence. For this, some ruptures are signaled, among them: the human being who experiences sport is not a mechanical being, a machine, a dichotomy body-mind, feelings-consciousness, nature-culture; their movements are not mathematically explained; the world is not a clock. The human complexity is affirmed, the sentiments considered, besides the sports tactics and techniques. The transformation of soccer is proposed (from mere physical activity to truly human activity) from school sports and popular sport.Keywords: Soccer. Rupture. Human Motricity. Fútbol: necesarias rupturas Resumen La intención de este ensayo es apuntar reflexiones sobre el fútbol, en su posible relación con la motricidad humana, que considera al ser humano en el constante movimiento intencional de la trascendencia. Para ello, se señalan algunas rupturas, entre ellas: el ser humano que vivencia el deporte no es un ser mecánico, una máquina, una dicotomía cuerpo-mente, sentimientos-conciencia, naturaleza-cultura; sus movimientos no se explican matemáticamente; el mundo no es un reloj. La complejidad humana es afirmada, los sentimientos considerados, además de las tácticas y técnicas deportivas. La transformación del fútbol es propuesta (de mera actividad física a la actividad verdaderamente humana) a partir del deporte escolar y del deporte popular.Palabras clave: Fútbol. Ruptura. Motricidad Humana.
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Voegtli, Michaël. "Du Jeu dans le Je : ruptures biographiques et travail de mise en cohérence". Lien social et Politiques, n. 51 (23 agosto 2004): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/008877ar.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Résumé Cet article porte sur les points de bifurcation qui jalonnent la carrière de l’acteur social, et qui sont souvent appréhendés dans l’analyse en tant que « ruptures biographiques ». Cette conceptualisation ne va pas sans poser problème. À partir de trois phénomènes distincts où s’observent de manière tangible des cas de bifurcation — l’entrée en retraite, l’entrée dans la maladie (chronique ou VIH-sida) et la constitution de l’identité homosexuelle —, il s’agit de réinterroger cette notion de «†rupture biographique†» afin de mettre en exergue le travail de mise en cohérence de la personne. En déplaçant le regard en amont et en aval du point de bifurcation, l’interrogation porte davantage sur la succession des positions objectives et des remaniements subjectifs qui y sont associés. On milite au final en faveur d’une utilisation mesurée, voire de l’abandon, de la notion de « rupture biographique ».
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Dávila, Juan, e Juncheng Wei. "Point Ruptures for a MEMS Equation with Fringing Field". Communications in Partial Differential Equations 37, n. 8 (18 aprile 2012): 1462–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03605302.2012.679990.
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Aksoy, M. Ersen, Mustapha Meghraoui, Alina Polonia, M. Namık Çağatay, Aslı Zeynep Yavuzoğlu, Şebnem Önder, Umut B. Ülgen e Luca Gasperini. "Subaqueous fault scarps of the North Anatolian Fault in the Gulf of Saros (NE Aegean); where is the western limit of the 1912 Mürefte-Şarköy earthquake rupture?" Geophysical Journal International 229, n. 1 (10 novembre 2021): 589–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab462.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
SUMMARY The westernmost segment of the North Anatolian fault in NW Turkey lies mostly offshore, in the Sea of Marmara and the Gulf of Saros (NE Aegean), respectively to the E and W of a 45 km inland central portion. The 9 August 1912 Mürefte-Şarköy (Ms 7.4) and 13 September 1912 (Ms 6.8) earthquakes occurred along this segment. To date, the segment was studied mostly onshore although estimated magnitude and location suggest an offshore extension. Recent studies show the eastern rupture extension in the Sea of Marmara, while its western counterpart in the Gulf of Saros remains less documented. Here we use new observations from high-resolution marine geophysical data (multibeam bathymetry, side-scan-sonar, and seismic reflection profiles), to constrain the offshore 1912 ruptures in the Gulf of Saros. Detailed mapping of the subaqueous fine-scale morphology and structure of the fault provides a new insight for the western limit of the two 1912 surface ruptures. Distribution of fresh scarps, 3-D structural reconstructions, the complexity of fault segments, and the recent seismicity, altogether suggest that the western termination of the 1912 rupture(s) ends 37 km offshore in the Gulf of Saros. Following the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake, in the eastern Sea of Marmara, the unruptured segment length between the 1999 and 1912 ruptures became a critical issue, because of its implication for future earthquakes in the so-called Marmara seismic gap. If a 150–160 km total rupture length for the two 1912 earthquakes is assumed, a western rupture termination point at the inner Saros basin margin means that the eastern extension of the 9 August earthquake rupture reached the Central Marmara Basin. This outcome necessarily has implications for the seismic hazard in the Marmara coastal area that includes the Istanbul metropolitan area.
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Tarasov, Boris, e Mikhail A. Guzev. "Mathematical Model of Fan-Head Shear Rupture Mechanism". Key Engineering Materials 592-593 (novembre 2013): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.592-593.121.
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Today frictional shear resistance along pre-existing ruptures (faults) is considered as the lower limit on rock shear strength for confined conditions. The paper proposes a mathematical model of recently identified shear rupture mechanism which can provide propagation of faults through the highly confined intact rock mass at shear stress levels significantly less than frictional strength of pre-existing faults. The model demonstrates that due to the self-unbalancing structure of the rupture head, representing the core of this mechanism, the failure process caused by the mechanism is always spontaneous and violent. It allows a novel point of view for understanding the nature of spontaneous failure processes including earthquakes.
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Bond, Andrew R., e Christopher L. Jackson. "The Fat-Fed Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mouse Brachiocephalic Artery in the Study of Atherosclerotic Plaque Rupture". Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/379069.
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Atherosclerosis has been studied in animals for almost a century, yet the events leading up to the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque (the underlying cause of the majority of fatal thrombosis formation) have only been studied in the past decade, due in part to the development of a mouse model of spontaneous plaque rupture. Apolipoprotein E knockout mice, when fed a high-fat diet, consistently develop lesions in the brachiocephalic artery that rupture at a known time point. It is therefore now possible to observe the development of lesions to elucidate the mechanisms behind the rupture of plaques. Critics argue that the model does not replicate the appearance of human atherosclerotic plaque ruptures. The purpose of this review is to highlight the reasons why we should be looking to the apolipoprotein E knockout mouse to further our understanding of plaque rupture.
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ten Brinck, Michelle F. M., Maike Jäger, Joost de Vries, J. André Grotenhuis, René Aquarius, Svein H. Mørkve, Riitta Rautio et al. "Flow diversion treatment for acutely ruptured aneurysms". Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 12, n. 3 (24 agosto 2019): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2019-015077.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background and purposeFlow diverters are sometimes used in the setting of acutely ruptured aneurysms. However, thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications are feared and evidence regarding safety is limited. Therefore, in this multicenter study we evaluated complications, clinical, and angiographic outcomes of patients treated with a flow diverter for acutely ruptured aneurysms.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study of 44 consecutive patients who underwent flow diverter treatment within 15 days after rupture of an intracranial aneurysm at six centers. The primary end point was good clinical outcome, defined as modified Rankin Scale score (mRS) 0–2. Secondary endpoints were procedure-related complications and complete aneurysm occlusion at follow-up.ResultsAt follow-up (median 3.4 months) 20 patients (45%) had a good clinical outcome. In 20 patients (45%), 25 procedure-related complications occurred. These resulted in permanent neurologic deficits in 12 patients (27%). In 5 patients (11%) aneurysm re-rupture occurred. Eight patients died resulting in an all-cause mortality rate of 18%. Procedure-related complications were associated with a poor clinical outcome (mRS 3–6; OR 5.1(95% CI 1.0 to 24.9), p=0.04). Large aneurysms were prone to re-rupture with rebleed rates of 60% (3/5) vs 5% (2/39) (p=0.01) for aneurysms with a size ≥20 mm and <20 mm, respectively. Follow-up angiography in 29 patients (median 9.7 months) showed complete aneurysm occlusion in 27 (93%).ConclusionFlow diverter treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms was associated with high rates of procedure-related complications including aneurysm re-ruptures. Complications were associated with poor clinical outcome. In patients with available angiographic follow-up, a high occlusion rate was observed.
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Collins, Margaret H., Ulrike Schwarze, David F. Carpentieri, Paige Kaplan, Katherine Nathanson, James S. Meyer e Peter H. Byers. "Multiple Vascular and Bowel Ruptures in an Adolescent Male with Sporadic Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type IV". Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 2, n. 1 (gennaio 1999): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100249900095.
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Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) type IV is a heritable disorder resulting from mutations in the COL3A1 gene that cause deficient production of type III collagen. Clinical manifestations of EDS type IV include hypermobility of small joints, excessive bruisability, thin translucent skin, poor wound healing, bowel rupture, and vascular rupture that is often fatal. A 14-year-old male without a family history of EDS died following multiple bowel and abdominal blood vessel ruptures. Even in areas apart from rupture sites, the bowel wall was thin because of diminished submucosa and muscularis propria. Similarly, the walls of blood vessels in bowel submucosa and elsewhere in the abdomen varied in thickness, and contained frayed and fragmented elastic tissue fibers. Fibroblasts cultured from the patient's skin secreted reduced quantities of type III collagen that was explained by a point mutation in one copy of the COL3A1 gene. EDS type IV should be strongly suspected in any patient with otherwise unexplainable bowel and/or vessel rupture.
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Pierce, Ian, Alana Williams, Richard D. Koehler e Colin Chupik. "High-Resolution Structure-From-Motion Models and Orthophotos of the Southern Sections of the 2019 Mw 7.1 and 6.4 Ridgecrest Earthquakes Surface Ruptures". Seismological Research Letters 91, n. 4 (3 giugno 2020): 2124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190289.
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Abstract Aerial photographs were collected in the days immediately following the 4–5 July 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence (e.g., Barnhart et al., 2019) along the publically accessible sections of the surface ruptures south of California 178. These photos were then used to produce structure-from-motion point cloud models and orthophotos with resolutions varying from ∼1 to 20 cm/pixel. Here, the models are released and initial observations of the nature of the surface ruptures are presented.
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Guo, Zongming, e Juncheng Wei. "On Solutions with Point Ruptures for a Semilinear Elliptic Problem with Singularity". Methods and Applications of Analysis 15, n. 3 (2008): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/maa.2008.v15.n3.a9.
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Melgar, Diego, e Gavin P. Hayes. "Characterizing large earthquakes before rupture is complete". Science Advances 5, n. 5 (maggio 2019): eaav2032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav2032.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Whether earthquakes of different sizes are distinguishable early in their rupture process is a subject of debate. Studies have shown that the frequency content of radiated seismic energy in the first seconds of earthquakes scales with magnitude, implying determinism. Other studies have shown that recordings of ground displacement from small to moderate-sized earthquakes are indistinguishable, implying a universal early rupture process. Regardless of how earthquakes start, events of different sizes must be distinguishable at some point. If that difference occurs before the rupture duration of the smaller event, this implies some level of determinism. We show through analysis of a database of source time functions and near-source displacement records that, after an initiation phase, ruptures of M7 to M9 earthquakes organize into a slip pulse, the kinematic properties of which scale with magnitude. Hence, early in the rupture process—after about 10 s—large and very large earthquakes can be distinguished.
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Sérgio, Manuel, e Fábio Ricardo Mizuno Lemos. "Futebol: necessárias rupturas". MOTRICIDADES: Revista da Sociedade de Pesquisa Qualitativa em Motricidade Humana 3, n. 1 (3 maggio 2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29181/2594-6463.2019.v3.n1.p69-76.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ResumoA intenção desse ensaio é apontar reflexões sobre o futebol, em sua possível relação com a motricidade humana, que considera o ser humano no constante movimento intencional da transcendência. Para isso, são sinalizadas algumas rupturas, entre elas: o ser humano que vivencia o desporto não é um ser mecânico, uma máquina, uma dicotomia corpo-mente, sentimentos-consciência, natureza-cultura; seus movimentos não são matematicamente explicados; o mundo não é um relógio. A complexidade humana é afirmada, os sentimentos considerados, para além das táticas e técnicas desportivas. A transformação do futebol é proposta (de mera atividade física à atividade verdadeiramente humana) a partir do desporto escolar e do desporto popular.Palavras-chave: Futebol. Ruptura. Motricidade Humana.Soccer: necessary rupturesAbstractThe aim of this essay is to point reflections on soccer and human motricity, which considers the human being in the constant intentional movement of transcendence. For this, some ruptures are signaled, among them: the human being who experiences sport is not a mechanical being, a machine, a dichotomy body-mind, feelings-consciousness, nature-culture; their movements are not mathematically explained; the world is not a clock. The human complexity is affirmed, the sentiments considered, besides the sports tactics and techniques. The transformation of soccer is proposed (from mere physical activity to truly human activity) from school sports and popular sport.Keywords: Soccer. Rupture. Human Motricity.Fútbol: necesarias rupturasResumenLa intención de este ensayo es apuntar reflexiones sobre el fútbol, en su posible relación con la motricidad humana, que considera al ser humano en el constante movimiento intencional de la trascendencia. Para ello, se señalan algunas rupturas, entre ellas: el ser humano que vivencia el deporte no es un ser mecánico, una máquina, una dicotomía cuerpo-mente, sentimientos-conciencia, naturaleza-cultura; sus movimientos no se explican matemáticamente; el mundo no es un reloj. La complejidad humana es afirmada, los sentimientos considerados, además de las tácticas y técnicas deportivas. La transformación del fútbol es propuesta (de mera actividad física a la actividad verdaderamente humana) a partir del deporte escolar y del deporte popular.Palabras clave: Fútbol. Ruptura. Motricidad Humana.
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Zhang, Chuan-Wei, Fang-Yi Li, Jian-Feng Li, Hai-Yang Lu e Geng Wang. "Bubble Wall Rupture Model for Open Cell Structure in Starch/Fiber Heterogeneous Composites". Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 14, n. 2 (1 aprile 2020): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2020.1955.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Starch/fiber heterogeneous composites were prepared through thermos-cavity foaming machine. Open cell structures are widely distributed in the heterogeneous composites. Bubble wall rupture is an inevitable stage in the formation of open cells. Different from the conventional models to explain the bubble wall rupture from the energy and the wave point of view, this study suggests the "local thinning ultimate stress" model to reveal the bubble wall rupture from the stress perspective. The local stress of the starch bubble wall is increased with the thinning of the bubble wall. The bubble wall ruptures when local stress exceeds the ultimate surface tension. Starch slurry retraction occurs after bubble wall rupturing. The elastic retraction drives partially open cells to fully open cell morphologies in the starch/fiber heterogeneous composite. The developed mechanism was validated by starch/fiber slurry with different viscosities to design a novel biodegradable composite with fully open cell structures.
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Joshi, Anand, Ashvini Kumar, Heriberta Castanos e Cinna Lomnitz. "Seismic Hazard of the Uttarakhand Himalaya, India, from Deterministic Modeling of Possible Rupture Planes in the Area". International Journal of Geophysics 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/825276.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper presents use of semiempirical method for seismic hazard zonation. The seismotectonically important region of Uttarakhand Himalaya has been considered in this work. Ruptures along the lineaments in the area identified from tectonic map are modeled deterministically using semi empirical approach given by Midorikawa (1993). This approach makes use of attenuation relation of peak ground acceleration for simulating strong ground motion at any site. Strong motion data collected over a span of three years in this region have been used to develop attenuation relation of peak ground acceleration of limited magnitude and distance applicability. The developed attenuation relation is used in the semi empirical method to predict peak ground acceleration from the modeled rupture planes in the area. A set of values of peak ground acceleration from possible ruptures in the area at the point of investigation is further used to compute probability of exceedance of peak ground acceleration of values 100 and 200 gals. The prepared map shows that regions like Tehri, Chamoli, Almora, Srinagar, Devprayag, Bageshwar, and Pauri fall in a zone of 10% probability of exceedence of peak ground acceleration of value 200 gals.
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Sanchez, Rafael, Blake H. Hodgens, Joseph S. Geller, Samuel Huntley, Jonathan Kaplan e Amiethab Aiyer. "Effect of Achilles Tendon Repair on Performance Outcomes After Return to Play in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Basketball Athletes". Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, n. 6 (1 giugno 2021): 232596712110152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211015239.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures are devastating injuries that are highly prevalent among athletes. Despite our understanding of the effect of AT rupture and in particular its relationship to basketball, no study has examined the effects of AT rupture and repair on performance metrics in collegiate basketball players. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of AT rupture and subsequent surgical repair on performance metrics in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I basketball players who return to play after injury. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: NCAA Division I basketball players who sustained an AT rupture and underwent subsequent surgical repair between 2000 and 2019 were identified by systematically evaluating individual injury reports from databases comprising NCAA career statistics and individual school statistics; 65 male and 41 female players were identified. Athletes were included if they participated in at least one-half of the games of 1 collegiate season before tearing the AT and at least 1 season after operative repair. A total of 50 male and 30 female athletes were included. Each injured athlete was matched to a healthy control by conference, position, starter status at time of injury, class year, and number of games played. Matched controls were healthy players and experienced no significant injuries during their NCAA careers. Results: After AT repair, male athletes had significantly more minutes per game, points per game, and compared with before injury. Total blocks significantly decreased after injury. Female athletes scored significantly more points per game but demonstrated a significantly lower 3-point shooting percentage after return to play. Despite undergoing AT rupture and repair, 14% of male players played in the National Basketball Association, and 20% of injured female athletes played in the Women’s National Basketball Association. Conclusion: After returning to play, men demonstrated a significant drop-off in performance only in regard to total blocks. Female athletes after AT repair demonstrated a significant improvement in points per game but had a significant drop-off in 3-point shooting percentage.
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Sokolis, Dimitrios P. "In vitro study of age-related changes in human ureteral failure properties according to region, direction, and layer". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 233, n. 5 (29 marzo 2019): 570–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411919839891.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Knowledge of the capacity of the ureteral wall to withstand urodynamic or external stresses is essential to understand ureteral injury and rupture that mostly occur following trauma, but may also be secondary to obstructive uropathy. It has clinical significance as well in the prevention of iatrogenic injury, for example, during ureteroscopy, but no information is available with regard to the age-related failure properties and regional differences have not been systematically described. Uniaxial tensile testing was performed on 166 ureteral rings and strips from 21 humans free of overt urologic disease; histological evaluation was performed. The degree of layer participation to the intact wall failure stress (=tissue strength), peak elastic modulus (=stiffness), and failure stretch (=extensibility) was assessed by examining layer-specific ruptures in the stress–stretch data. Failure stress at and peak elastic modulus before the first (muscle/adventitial) rupture correlated inversely less with age ( p < 0.05 in few regions/directions) than failure stress at the second (mucosal) rupture ( p < 0.05 in the middle and lower ureter), consistent with the decreased mucosal thickness in ≥50-year-old subjects. Failure stretch at both ruptures did not correlate with age ( p > 0.05 in most regions/directions), paralleling elastin content. Correlations with age were more significant in females than males. Failure stress at the second rupture point was higher ( p < 0.05) distally in <50-year-old but not in ≥50-year-old subjects, justified by the increased collagen distally in the former. Directional differences in failure stretches ( p < 0.05 at all ages/regions/genders) were justified by preferentially axial collagen reinforcement. The presented results may establish the foundation for computational models of iatrogenic/accidental ureteral trauma.
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Raghunandan, G. "Management of Neglected Achilles Tendon Ruptures with Flexor Hallucis Longus Transfer". Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery (Asia Pacific) 1, n. 1 (2014): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10040-1002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT From July 2000 to July 2012, we have treated 48 cases with neglected Achilles tendon ruptures in Government General Hospital, Kurnool, India, with modified flexor hallucis longus (FHL) transfer. Thirty-three patients had achillodynia and 29 had local steroid infiltration. Thirty-six patients presented with ruptures in hypovascular zone II and, in 31, repair was after 3 weeks, graded as late (Inglis). The patients were managed based on a standardized evaluation and surgical protocol. The technique of FHL transfer was simplified by anchoring the tendon in a vertical transcalcaneal tunnel. The results were evaluated by Quigley's method, 100 point scoring system of Leppilahti, and recently updated with AOFAS hind foot score. The follow-up ranged from 2.5 to 12.2 years. The follow-up suggested that patients with FHL transfer showed significantly lower mean wound healing times and weight-bearing time and functional recovery times when compared with patients who had peroneal transfer, for neglected ruptures. The results are presented, analyzed and discussed. How to cite this article Raghunandan G. Management of Neglected Achilles Tendon Ruptures with Flexor Hallucis Longus Transfer. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2014;1(1):5-8.
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Cohen, Brianne. "The Vanishing Vanishing-Point: Violence prevention through civil imagination". Journal of European Studies 47, n. 4 (2 novembre 2017): 342–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047244117733898.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In their video The Vanishing Vanishing-Point (2015), contemporary artists Effi & Amir depict the death of a mundane yet exceptional olive tree. Utilizing Google Street View and Google Earth, the video highlights temporal ruptures in the tree’s photographic documentation in order to expose a field of socio-political violence surrounding the tree’s demise. In this essay, I demonstrate how the artwork adopts a lens of ‘forensic aesthetics’ both to interrogate this complex field of culpability and to advocate an approach of violence prevention through civil imagination. The Vanishing Vanishing-Point emphasizes the need for a plural, ‘civil gaze’ (Azoulay, 2012) in order to understand the composite, multiple ‘events of photography’ surrounding the tree’s untimely death and to prevent such future acts of aggression.
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Mohammadi, Aidin, Alireza Pachenari e Behnam Sadeghi. "Numerical Study on the Behavior and Bearing Mechanism of Flat Slabs in Column Loss Events". Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (6 febbraio 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8834638.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study investigates the behavior and the load-bearing mechanism of a typical flat slab with rectangular panels in several scenarios including the removal of a corner, penultimate, and internal columns. The scenarios are rather similar to those used in the conventional evaluation of the progressive collapse potential; however, application of the uniformly distributed loading over panels adjacent to the removed columns was not limited to twice the value of the initial load. Thus, load-deflection curves were drawn up to the point in which a great number of longitudinal slab bars ruptured. Introducing 5 stages on each curve, finite element outputs on concrete cracking pattern and rebar stress state were presented. A significant increase in the stresses along the diagonals of the slab panels accompanied by bar ruptures around columns adjacent to the removed column proved contribution of an important load-bearing mechanism in addition to the behavior called “quasiframe action.” Consecutive rupture of bars showed formation of a zipper-type collapse mode as well as a great tendency to transfer load share of missing column mainly along shorter direction of slab panels. Moreover, the findings indicated that the slab damaged zone could exceed the panels under uniform overloading.
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Osao, Atsushi, Gulbahar Wahap, Yoko Takakura, Norio Arai, Yoshifumi Konishi, Kazuaki Fukasaku e Nobumasa Kikuchi. "In Vitro Study on Branch Flows with a Cerebral Aneurysm". Advanced Materials Research 33-37 (marzo 2008): 1037–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.33-37.1037.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study is to accumulate data to predict the ruptures of aneurysms on the bifurcation of the middle cerebral arteries at the base of the brain. Particular stress is laid on understanding the elemental nature of branch flows with/without an aneurysm. Therefore, “flow patterns” and “wall shear stress”, which are important factors for the causes of ruptures, are investigated by the three-dimensional experiments in vitro and the two-dimensional numerical simulations with simplified models. In the branch arteries without an aneurysm, there is a possibility of growing aneurysms at the location slightly away from a stagnation point. If an aneurysm forms into a centrosymmetric shape for the inlet axis, it is considered that they tend to grow further in a symmetrical plane. From the viewpoint of the risk of ruptures, recirculation flows become problematic with the lower Reynolds number, while the influence of wall shear stress becomes larger with the higher Reynolds number.
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Denis, Hubert, Bertrand Desjardins, Jacques Légaré e Nicole Marcil-Gratton. "Les enfants de la monoparentalité, hier et aujourd’hui". Articles 23, n. 1 (25 marzo 2004): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/010162ar.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
RÉSUMÉ Faite du point de vue des enfants, cette étude, comparant des générations de la Nouvelle-France et du Canada contemporain, montre que la monoparentalité n'est pas un fait nouveau. Les contextes de cette monoparentalité sont toutefois très différents. D'une part, le modèle colonial de la famille traditionnelle a fait place à une diversité de situations familiales. D'autre part, si seule la mortalité intervient en Nouvelle-France, les ruptures d'unions contemporaines sont essentiellement le fruit d'une décision. En ce sens, les retombées psychologiques d'une rupture devraient être, pour l'enfant, complètement différentes. Le premier épisode de vie monoparentale est, hier comme aujourd'hui, une situation courte et temporaire se terminant fréquemment par la remise en union du parent monoparental. Peu importe l'époque, les enfants se retrouvent plus souvent avec leur mère après la rupture. Toutefois, si, dans le passé, le sexe du parent monoparental influence peu les caractéristiques des périodes de monoparentalité vécues par les enfants, il n'en est plus de même aujourd'hui.
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Kryvenko, H. M., e L. V. Vozniak. "RESEARCH OF CONSEQUENCES OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AT THE INDUSTRIAL PIPELINES". Scientific Bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, n. 2(45) (26 ottobre 2018): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9965-2018-2(45)-41-47.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The reasons of emergency situations for the long-term operated industrial pipelines were presented. It was revealed that the greatest risk of accidents at these objects is related to longitudinal destruction, which can occur both in the main metal pipes and in the weld zone, due to the formation of corrosive “fistulas” and “guillotine” ruptures. Industrial gas pipelines are objects of high danger. In case of the gas pipeline failure, there is a shock wave, which is one of affecting factors.
The conditional probability of ignition of emergency emissions of hydrocarbon energy carriers was determined, considering the location of ignition sources. The probit-functions by the thermal effect on people were determined. The determination method of emergency gas losses in case of pipeline rupture was developed. A comparative analysis of gas mass flux at pipeline rupture was performed, depending on the pipeline diameter, initial pressure, time and distance from the point of pipe damage.
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Tremblay, Gilles, e Francine Allard. "Maintien de l’engagement paternel après la rupture : point de vue de pères et de mères en contexte de pauvreté". Reflets 15, n. 1 (27 marzo 2009): 120–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/029590ar.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Résumé Depuis les dernières décennies, les ruptures d’unions conjugales se sont multipliées au Canada et au Québec, affectant maintenant 53 % des ménages (Duchesne, 2006). Ainsi, près de trois hommes sur cinq (56 %) se retrouvent dans un rôle de père gardien après la rupture (Duchesne, 2006). En dépit de changements législatifs et normatifs visant à favoriser un partage des responsabilités parentales après un divorce, la garde des enfants confiée à la mère demeure encore l’arrangement le plus courant. Les mères deviennent ainsi les principales, et souvent uniques, responsables des enfants, alors que la plupart des pères passent d’un rapport continu, régulier et intense avec leurs enfants, à une relation discontinue souvent imposée par la cour (Quéniart et Fournier, 1996). Cet article explore le phénomène du maintien de l’engagement du père après une rupture conjugale dans un contexte de pauvreté. Après avoir situé la problématique, les résultats de deux études qualitatives sur ce sujet sont présentés (Allard, Bourret et Tremblay, 2004; 2005), l’une à partir des propos de pères qui se disent encore engagés envers leurs enfants après la rupture, l’autre à partir de la parole de mères qui considèrent leur ex-conjoint encore impliqué auprès de leurs enfants. Les participants de ces deux études n’étaient pas appariés. Par la suite, les résultats sont confrontés afin de mettre en évidence les convergences et les divergences dans les points de vue des pères et des mères. Enfin, l’article conclut avec des éléments susceptibles d’inspirer les intervenants. Rappelons que la valorisation de l’engagement paternel après la rupture conjugale des parents vise à réduire le risque que ces enfants se retrouvent doublement pauvres : pauvres économiquement et « pauvres » (privés) de père (Allard et Binet, 2002; Marsiglio et Cohan, 2000).
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Piedrasanta Herrera, Ruth. "Modernos y descentrados: una redefinición del espacio y del poder cívico religioso en dos pueblos Chuj (Huehuetenango, Guatemala)". Revista Trace, n. 50 (10 luglio 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.50.2006.418.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
En este trabajo se señalan las graves tensiones y rupturas producidas por dos momentos ligados a la modernización en el espacio grupal chuj. Estos momentos han afectado profundamente el poder de las autoridades civiles y religiosas y con ello la representación y la gestión real y simbólica de un espacio grupal distintivo. Para entender estos procesos, se examinan ciertos rituales calendáricos, en particular el de la profecía ocurrida al final del Oyeb’ku. Ésta sitúa un escenario posible para un nuevo ciclo temporal en un espacio ligado al territorio y geografía sagrada, donde se contempla la injerencia de factores externos que atañen a los chuj. A la vez, este rito constituye un acto de reinstauración de un orden espaciotemporal que les resulta propio. Actualmente, con la ruptura entre autoridad civil y religiosa, se despliegan unidades más discretas encargadas de restablecer el frágil orden de un mundo centrado y en equilibrio, en medio de un contexto global, desordenado y difuso.Abstract: In this paper I point out the severe tensions and ruptures generated in two moments linked with the modernization of chuj collective space. These moments have deeply affected the power of civil and religious authorities, and therefore the representation and management of real and symbolic collective space. With this aim, I examine certain calenderic rituals, in particular those that occur in the prophecy made at the end of the Oyeb’ku. This prophecy of the New Year places a possible scenario for a new temporal cycle in the space associated to chuj territory and sacred geography, where the interference of external factors is considered. This ritual also reestablishes chuj spaciotemporal order. With the rupture between civil and religious authorities, smaller and more separate units open out in the restoration of a focused and balanced world order, although fragile, in the midst of a global, diffused, and jumbled context.Résumé : Dans ce travail, on note les graves tensions et ruptures produites dans deux moments liés à la modernité de l’espace des Chuj. Ces moments ont profondément affecté le pouvoir des autorités civiles et religieuses ainsi que la représentation et gestion réelle et symbolique d’un espace qui identifie les Chuj en tant que groupe. Pour comprendre ces processus, l’article examine des rituels chuj liés au calendrier sacré et en particulier la prophétie du nouvel an. Celle-ci situe un scénario possible pour le nouveau cycle temporel dans un espace lié au territoire et à la géographie sacrée, où la participation de facteurs externes est intégrée. Aussi, le rite en question constitue un acte de réinstauration d’un ordre spatio-temporel distinctif. Actuellement, avec la rupture entre autorités civiles et religieuses, des unités discrètes se sont mises en place pour répondre au besoin de rétablir un ordre centré et en équilibre, même fragile, au milieu d’un contexte global, désordonné et diffus.
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Qiu, Yue, Yi Wang, Yubo Fan, Liqing Peng, Rong Liu, Jichun Zhao, Ding Yuan e Tinghui Zheng. "Role of intraluminal thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysm ruptures: A hemodynamic point of view". Medical Physics 46, n. 9 (5 luglio 2019): 4263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mp.13658.
Testo completo
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Trofa, David P., Peter C. Noback, Jon-Michael E. Caldwell, J. Chance Miller, Justin K. Greisberg, Christopher S. Ahmad e J. Turner Vosseller. "Professional Soccer Players’ Return to Play and Performance After Operative Repair of Achilles Tendon Rupture". Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, n. 11 (1 novembre 2018): 232596711881077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118810772.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: The majority of Achilles tendon ruptures are sports related; however, no investigation has examined the impact of surgical repair for complete ruptures on professional soccer players. Purpose: To examine the return to play, playing time, and performance of professional soccer players following Achilles tendon repair. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and Major League Soccer (MLS) athletes who sustained a primary complete Achilles tendon rupture and were treated surgically between 1988 and 2014 were identified via public injury reports. Demographic information and performance-related statistics for the identified athletes were recorded for the season before surgery and 2 seasons after surgery and were compared with information for matched controls. Statistical analyses were used to assess differences in recorded metrics. Results: A total of 24 athletes with Achilles ruptures met inclusion criteria, 17 (70.8%) of whom were able to return to play. On average, players had 8.3 years of professional-level experience prior to sustaining an Achilles rupture. Among athletes who returned to play, no differences were found in the number of games played or started, minutes played, or goals scored 1 year postoperatively compared with the year prior to injury. However, 2 years postoperatively, these athletes played 28.3% ( P = .028) fewer minutes compared with their preoperative season, despite starting and playing in an equivalent number of games. Matched controls had baseline playing time and performance statistics similar to those of players. However, controls played and started in significantly more games and played more minutes at 1 and 2 years compared with players ( P < .05). No differences were found in goals scored at any time point. Conclusion: This is the first investigation examining the effect of an Achilles repair on the career of professional soccer players. This is a difficult injury that most commonly occurs in veteran players and prevents 29.2% of players from returning to play despite surgical management. Additionally, athletes able to return to play were found to play fewer minutes 2 years postoperatively compared with their baseline as well as playing less at 1 and 2 years postoperatively compared with uninjured matched controls. The reduction in playing time following an Achilles repair has significant implications for professional players and teams.
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Hodgens, Blake H., Rafael A. Sanchez, Joseph S. Geller, Samuel R. Huntley, Jonathan R. Kaplan e Amiethab A. Aiyer. "Effect of Achilles Tendon Repair on Performance Outcomes Following Return to Play in NCAA Division I Basketball Athletes". Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, n. 1 (gennaio 2022): 2473011421S0024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00249.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Category: Sports; Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Achilles tendon ruptures are devastating injuries highly prevalent among athletes. Despite our understanding of the impact of Achilles tendon rupture in professional athletes, and in particular its relationship to basketball, no study has examined the effect of Achilles tendon rupture on performance metrics in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I basketball players. Methods: NCAA Division I basketball players who sustained a surgically repaired Achilles tendon rupture between the 2000 and 2019 seasons were identified by systematic evaluation of individual injury reports from the NCAA career statistics and individual school statistics databases. 65 male and 41 female players were identified. Athletes were included if they participated in at least one collegiate season before tearing their Achilles tendon, and at least one season after operative repair. A total of 50 male and 30 female athletes were ultimately included in the analysis. Each injured athlete was matched to a healthy control by conference, position, starter-status at time of injury, class year, and number of games played. Matched controls were healthy players and experienced no significant injuries during their NCAA careers. Results: Following Achilles tendon rupture and subsequent surgical repair, male athletes played significantly more minutes per game (19.7 vs. 22.6, p=0.017), scored more points per game (6.7 vs 7.9, p=0.024), and had more assists per game (1.4 vs. 1.7, p=0.036), when compared to their pre-injury statistics. The only area of worsened athletic performance following injury was total blocks, which significantly decreased post-injury (18.1 vs. 10.2, p=0.004). Matched healthy controls demonstrated a higher percent change in assists per game (+39.0% vs +21.8%, p=0.036) and total blocks (+55.1% vs -43.5%, p=0.031) between the matched pre- injury and post-injury periods. Female athletes scored significantly more points per game after returning from injury (7.6 vs 6.3, p=0.032) but demonstrated a significantly lower 3-point shooting percentage (10% vs. 20%, p=0.047). Conclusion: Male athletes who returned to play following Achilles tendon rupture demonstrated significant increases in various offensive performance metrics, while suffering a significant decrease in total blocks. Female athletes demonstrated a significant improvement in points per game following Achilles tendon rupture, but suffered a significant decline in 3-point shooting percentage. Despite suffering an Achilles tendon rupture, 14% of the male cohort reached the NBA, and 16.7% of the female cohort reached the WNBA.
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Bouchon, Michel, Hayrullah Karabulut, Mustafa Aktar, Serdar Özalaybey, Jean Schmittbuhl, Marie-Paule Bouin e David Marsan. "The nucleation of the Izmit and Düzce earthquakes: some mechanical logic on where and how ruptures began". Geophysical Journal International 225, n. 3 (29 gennaio 2021): 1510–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab040.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
SUMMARY In spite of growing evidence that many earthquakes are preceded by increased seismic activity, the nature of this activity is still poorly understood. Is it the result of a mostly random process related to the natural tendency of seismic events to cluster in time and space, in which case there is little hope to ever predict earthquakes? Or is it the sign that a physical process that will lead to the impending rupture has begun, in which case we should attempt to identify this process. With this aim we take a further look at the nucleation of two of the best recorded and documented strike-slip earthquakes to date, the 1999 Izmit and Düzce earthquakes which ruptured the North Anatolian Fault over ∼200 km. We show the existence of a remarkable mechanical logic linking together nucleation characteristics, stress loading, fault geometry and rupture speed. In both earthquakes the observations point to slow aseismic slip occurring near the ductile-to-brittle transition zone as the motor of their nucleation.
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O’Connor, Kathryn M., Todd J. Hullfish e Josh R. Baxter. "Gastrocnemius Muscle Structure Remodels Within the First Month Following Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture". Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 4, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2019): 2473011419S0032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419s00324.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Category: Sports, Trauma, Achilles Tendon Introduction/Purpose: Two out of three patients Achilles tendon ruptures have limited plantarflexor function 1-year following Achilles tendon rupture. While tendon elongation has been reported as a possible mechanism of functional deficits, the effects of rupture on plantarflexor muscle structure has not been as rigorously investigated. A recent study found that gastrocnemius fascicle length was decreased 6-months following Achilles tendon rupture compared to the uninjured limb. However, the changes in muscle structure following the first month of injury – when the healing tendon is most susceptible to elongation – has not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to quantify the structural changes to the medial gastrocnemius in patients who suffered acute Achilles tendon ruptures and were treated non-operatively. Methods: To test our hypothesis that plantarflexor structure would undergo rapid remodeling following Achilles tendon rupture, we quantified muscle structure in ten patients (9 male, Age: 44 ± 12; BMI: 28.6 ± 6.5) who provide informed written consent in this IRB approved study. We acquired B-mode ultrasound images of the medial gastrocnemius muscle at the initial presentation (week 0), two weeks, and four weeks following the injury. The same investigator acquired all the ultrasound images and measured fascicle length, pennation angle, muscle thickness, and echo intensity. These measurements had a coefficient of variation less than 10%. We compared these structural measurements of the injured muscle at each time point with the contralateral muscle scans at the initial presentation using paired t-tests. Results: Gastrocnemius muscle structure following an acute Achilles tendon rupture differed with the healthy-contralateral muscle throughout the first four weeks following injury (Figure). Fascicle length was 15% shorter (P < 0.001) and pennation angle was 21% greater (P < 0.001) at the presentation of injury (week 0). These differences in fascicle length (P < 0.001) and pennation angle persisted throughout the 4 weeks after the injury (P < 0.008). Muscle thickness changes were not detected at any of the post-injury visits. Muscle quality, measured as mean echo intensity, was 8% lower in the injured limb immediately (P= 0.008) and 11% lower 2 weeks following injury (P < 0.001). At week 4 muscle quality had returned to within 1% of the contralateral limb (P = 0.393). Conclusion: Our findings support our hypothesis that the gastrocnemius muscle fascicles of the affected side would demonstrate shorter length and greater pennation angle than the contralateral control muscle. These findings are a preliminary set of data from a larger clinical cohort of patients that were enrolled in an ongoing 1-year long prospective study. Achilles tendon ruptures elicit rapid changes in the configuration and quality of the medial gastrocnemius, which may explain long-term functional deficits.
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Galadini, Fabrizio, Emanuela Falcucci, Stefano Gori, Paolo Zimmaro, Daniele Cheloni e Jonathan P. Stewart. "Active Faulting in Source Region of 2016–2017 Central Italy Event Sequence". Earthquake Spectra 34, n. 4 (novembre 2018): 1557–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/101317eqs204m.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Central Italy earthquake sequence produced three main shocks: M6.1 24 August, M5.9 26 October, and M6.5 30 October 2016. Additional M5–5.5 events struck this territory on 18 January 2017 in the Campotosto area. Fault plane solutions for the main shocks exhibit normal faulting (characteristic of crustal extension occurring in the inner central Apennines). Significant evidence, including hypocenter locations, strike and dip angles of the moment tensors, inverted finite fault models (using GPS, interferometric aperture radar, and ground motion data), and surface rupture patterns, all point to the earthquakes having been generated on the Mt. Vettore–Mt. Bove fault system (all three main shocks) and on the Amatrice fault, in the northern sector of the Laga Mountains (portion of 24 August event). The earthquake sequence provides examples of both synthetic and antithetic ruptures on a single fault system (30 October event) and rupture between two faults (24 August event). We describe active faults in the region and their segmentation and present understanding of the potential for linkages between segments (or faults) in the generation of large earthquakes.
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Kodde, Izaäk F., Michel P. J. van den Bekerom, Paul G. H. Mulder e Denise Eygendaal. "The Size of the Radial Tuberosity is Not Related to the Occurrence of Distal Biceps Tendon Ruptures: A Case-Control Study". Open Orthopaedics Journal 10, n. 1 (19 febbraio 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001610010001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: Hypertrophic changes at the radial tuberosity have traditionally been related to distal biceps tendon degeneration and rupture. From supination to pronation of the forearm, the space available for the distal biceps tendon between de lateral ulna and radial bicipital tuberosity (RBT) decreases by almost 50%. A hypertrophic change at the radial tuberosity further reduces this space with impingement of the distal biceps tendon as a result. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the size of the RBT plays a role in the pathophysiology of distal biceps tendon ruptures. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two consecutive patients with a surgically proven distal biceps tendon rupture were matched to controls, in a 1:1 ratio. The size of the RBT was expressed as a ratio of the maximum diameter of the radius at the RBT to the diameter of the diaphysis just distal to the RBT (RD ratio), measured on standard radiographs of the elbow. The RD ratio of patients and matched controls were compared. Results: The mean RD ratio in control group was 1.25 and not significantly different from the mean 1.30 in the group of patients with a distal biceps tendon rupture. Each 0.1 point increase in RD ratio results in an estimated 60% increase of the rupture odds, which was not significant either. Conclusion: Based on the RD ratio on conventional radiographs of the elbow, there was no significant difference in RBT size between patients with a distal biceps tendon rupture and matched controls without biceps tendon pathology.
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Ganas, Athanassios, Sotiris Valkaniotis, Pierre Briole, Anna Serpetsidaki, Vassilis Kapetanidis, Ilektra Karasante, Ioannis Kassaras et al. "Domino-style earthquakes along blind normal faults in Northern Thessaly (Greece): kinematic evidence from field observations, seismology, SAR interferometry and GNSS". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 58 (9 luglio 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.27102.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Here we present a joint analysis of the geodetic, seismological and geological data of the March 2021 Northern Thessaly seismic sequence, that were gathered and processed as of April 30, 2021. First, we relocated seismicity data from regional and local networks and inferred the dip-direction (NE) and dip-angle (38°) of the March 3, 2021 rupture plane. Furthermore, we used ascending and descending SAR images acquired by the Sentinel-1 satellites to map the co-seismic displacement field. Our results indicate that the March 3, 2021 Mw=6.3 rupture occurred on a NE-dipping, 39° normal fault located between the villages Zarko (Trikala) and Damasi (Larissa). The event of March 4, 2021 occurred northwest of Damasi, along a fault oriented WNW-ESE and produced less deformation than the event of the previous day. The third event occurred on March 12, 2021 along a south-dipping normal fault. We computed 22 focal mechanisms of aftershocks with M≥4.0 using P-wave first motion polarities. Nearly all focal mechanisms exhibit normal kinematics or have a dominant normal dip-slip component. The use of InSAR was crucial to differentiate the ground deformation between the ruptures. The majority of deformation occurs in the vertical component, with a maximum of 0.39 m of subsidence over the Mw=6.3 rupture plane, south and west of Damasi. A total amount of 0.3 m horizontal displacement (E-W) was measured. We also used GNSS data (at 30-s sampling interval) from twelve permanent stations near the epicentres to obtain 3D seismic offsets of station positions. Only the first event produces significant displacement at the GNSS stations (as predicted by the fault models, themselves very well constrained by InSAR). We calculated several post-seismic interferograms, yet we have observed that there is almost no post-seismic deformation, except in the footwall area (Zarkos mountain). This post-seismic deformation is below the 7 mm level (quarter of a fringe) in the near field and below the 1 mm level at the GNSS sites. The cascading activation of the three events in a SE to NW direction points to a pattern of domino-style earthquakes, along neighbouring fault segments. The kinematics of the ruptures point to a counter-clockwise change in the extension direction of the upper crust (from NE-SW near Damasi to N-S towards northwest, near Verdikoussa).
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Solano Rojas, Mariana. "Analyse informationnelle d’un texte argumentatif d’un apprenant de FLE". LETRAS, n. 52 (3 luglio 2012): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rl.2-52.4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cet article porte sur la correction d’un extrait de texte argumentatif produit par un apprenant de français langue étrangère (FLE). Cette production écrite de l’apprenant non-francophone présente des problèmes d’organisation textuelle que nous identifions dans notre analyse. Nous porterons ainsi notre regard sur le continuum informatif de ce texte. Plus précisément, nous détaillerons dans cet exemple la structure informationnelle, la progression et les ruptures thématiques. Et, nous proposerons des solutions du point de vue informationnel pour la correction de cette production écrite.
El estudio propone la corrección de un texto argumentativo producido por un estudiante de francés lengua extranjera (FLE), que presenta algunos problemas de organización textual. Se identifica en el análisis el contínuum informativo de dicho texto focalizando sobre todo nuestra atención en la estructura informacional, la progresión y las rupturas temáticas. Asimismo, se propone una alternativa para la corrección de estos problemas de organización informacional.
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Antoine, Solène L., Yann Klinger, Arthur Delorme, Kang Wang, Roland Bürgmann e Ryan D. Gold. "Diffuse Deformation and Surface Faulting Distribution from Submetric Image Correlation along the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Ruptures". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 111, n. 5 (31 agosto 2021): 2275–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120210036.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT The 2019 Mw 6.4 and 7.1 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence (July 2019) ruptured consecutively a system of high-angle strike-slip cross faults (northeast- and northwest-trending) within 34 hr. The complex rupture mechanism was illuminated by seismological and geodetic data, bringing forward the issue of the interdependency of the two fault systems both at depth and at the surface, and of its effect on the final surface displacement pattern. Here, we use high-resolution (WorldView and Pleiades) optical satellite image correlation to measure the near-fault horizontal and vertical surface displacement fields at 0.5 m ground resolution for the two earthquakes. We point out significant differences with previous geodetic- and geologic-based measurements, and document the essential role of distributed faulting and diffuse deformation in producing the observed surface displacement patterns. We derive strain fields from the horizontal displacement maps, and highlight the predominant role of rotation and shear strain in the surface rupture process. We discuss the segmentation of the rupture based on the fault geometry and along-strike slip variations. We also image several northeast-trending faults with similar orientation to the deeply embedded shear fabric identified in aftershock studies, and show that these cross faults are present all along the rupture, including at a scale <100 m. Finally, we compare our results to kinematic slip inversions, and show that the surface diffuse deformation is primarily associated with areas of shallow slip deficit; however, this diffuse deformation cannot be explained using elastic modeling. We conclude that inelastic processes play an important role in contributing to the total surface deformation associated with the 2019 Ridgecrest sequence.
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Fiorucci, Beatrice, Tilo Kölbel, Fiona Rohlffs, Franziska Heidemann, Sebastian William Carpenter, Eike Sebastian Debus e Nikolaos Tsilimparis. "The role of thoracic endovascular repair in elective, symptomatic and ruptured thoracic aortic diseases". European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 56, n. 1 (14 febbraio 2019): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezy482.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract OBJECTIVES Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has emerged as a safe procedure in the treatment of a wide spectrum of descending thoracic aortic pathologies, with satisfactory results both in elective and urgent settings. We investigated the results of our elective, urgent and emergency TEVAR interventions. METHODS A single-centre retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients undergoing TEVAR from 2010 to 2016 was performed. Primary end point of the study was early mortality, whereas the secondary end points included major complications according to the urgency of the procedure. The analysis was further conducted comparing symptomatic, asymptomatic and ruptured cases. RESULTS Two hundred and eight patients were treated with TEVAR between January 2010 and April 2016 (mean age 67 ± 12 years, 142 men, 68.3%). Patients undergoing TEVAR as a first-stage procedure for complex thoraco-abdominal repair were excluded. The indication for treatment was a dissection in most cases (n = 92, 44.2%; acute dissection in 40 cases, 19.2%), followed by thoracic aneurysms (n = 64, 30.8%), penetrating aortic ulcers (n = 37, 17.8%), intramural haematomas (n = 8, 3.8%), traumatic ruptures (n = 3, 1.4%) and other indications (n = 4, 1.8%). One hundred and eight procedures were performed electively and 100 urgently. Forty-three patients were treated on an emergency bas for aortic rupture, 44 urgently for thoracic pain and 13 for acute ischaemic complications of aortic dissection or other indications. Ischaemic complications of dissection included 1 case of mesenteric ischaemia, 3 cases of acute renal failure, 4 cases of limb ischaemia and multiple ischaemic complications in 4 cases. Other causes of urgent TEVAR included 1 patient bleeding from a bronchial artery treated with TEVAR after several embolization attempts. In-hospital mortality was 7.7%, significantly higher in the urgent setting (14% vs 1.9%, P = 0.001). Urgent procedures were also more frequently associated with major adverse clinical events (7.4% vs 26%, P = 0.0003) and specifically with paraplegia (2.8% vs 10%, P = 0.043). Perioperative mortality was significantly higher in the ruptured group compared to the symptomatic group (25.6% vs 2.3%, P = 0.002). When the analysis was conducted to compare the symptomatic and the asymptomatic patients, no differences in terms of perioperative mortality were detected. CONCLUSIONS TEVAR is an effective treatment strategy in thoracic aortic disease. Though emergency repair of the ruptured thoracic aorta still shows high rates of perioperative mortality and morbidity, symptomatic non-ruptured and asymptomatic patients have comparable early outcomes.
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Bappoo, Nikhilesh, Maaz B. J. Syed, Georgia Khinsoe, Lachlan J. Kelsey, Rachael O. Forsythe, Janet T. Powell, Peter R. Hoskins et al. "Low Shear Stress at Baseline Predicts Expansion and Aneurysm-Related Events in Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm". Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging 14, n. 12 (dicembre 2021): 1112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circimaging.121.013160.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Low shear stress has been implicated in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) expansion and clinical events. We tested the hypothesis that low shear stress in AAA at baseline is a marker of expansion rate and future aneurysm-related events. Methods: Patients were imaged with computed tomography angiography at baseline and followed up every 6 months >24 months with ultrasound measurements of maximum diameter. From baseline computed tomography angiography, we reconstructed 3-dimensional models for automated computational fluid dynamics simulations and computed luminal shear stress. The primary composite end point was aneurysm repair and/or rupture, and the secondary end point was aneurysm expansion rate. Results: We included 295 patients with median AAA diameter of 49 mm (interquartile range, 43–54 mm) and median follow-up of 914 (interquartile range, 670–1112) days. There were 114 (39%) aneurysm-related events, with 13 AAA ruptures and 98 repairs (one rupture was repaired). Patients with low shear stress (<0.4 Pa) experienced a higher number of aneurysm-related events (44%) compared with medium (0.4–0.6 Pa; 27%) and high (>0.6 Pa; 29%) shear stress groups ( P =0.010). This association was independent of known risk factors (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.08–2.73]; P =0.023). Low shear stress was also independently associated with AAA expansion rate (β=+0.28 mm/y [95% CI, 0.02–0.53]; P =0.037). Conclusions: We show for the first time that low shear stress (<0.4 Pa) at baseline is associated with both AAA expansion and future aneurysm-related events. Aneurysms within the lowest tertile of shear stress, versus those with higher shear stress, were more likely to rupture or reach thresholds for elective repair. Larger prospective validation trials are needed to confirm these findings and translate them into clinical management.
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Evtushenko, Nadezhda A., Arkadii K. Beilin, Anastasiya V. Kosykh, Ekaterina A. Vorotelyak e Nadya G. Gurskaya. "Keratins as an Inflammation Trigger Point in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n. 22 (18 novembre 2021): 12446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212446.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a group of inherited keratinopathies that, in most cases, arise due to mutations in keratins and lead to intraepidermal ruptures. The cellular pathology of most EBS subtypes is associated with the fragility of the intermediate filament network, cytolysis of the basal layer of the epidermis, or attenuation of hemidesmosomal/desmosomal components. Mutations in keratins 5/14 or in other genes that encode associated proteins induce structural disarrangements of different strengths depending on their locations in the genes. Keratin aggregates display impaired dynamics of assembly and diminished solubility and appear to be the trigger for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress upon being phosphorylated by MAPKs. Global changes in cellular signaling mainly occur in cases of severe dominant EBS mutations. The spectrum of changes initiated by phosphorylation includes the inhibition of proteasome degradation, TNF-α signaling activation, deregulated proliferation, abnormal cell migration, and impaired adherence of keratinocytes. ER stress also leads to the release of proinflammatory danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules, which enhance avalanche-like inflammation. Many instances of positive feedback in the course of cellular stress and the development of sterile inflammation led to systemic chronic inflammation in EBS. This highlights the role of keratin in the maintenance of epidermal and immune homeostasis.
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Guo, Zongming, e Xingxiao Li. "Solutions with isolated point ruptures for a semilinear elliptic equation in R2 with a non-Lipschitz nonlinearity". Applied Mathematics Letters 17, n. 5 (maggio 2004): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0893-9659(04)90120-6.
Testo completo
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Colares, Maria Lília Imbiriba Sousa, Anselmo Alencar Colares e Maria José Pires Barros Cardozo. "PERMANÊNCIAS, RUPTURAS E DESAFIOS NA EDUCAÇÃO BRASILEIRA". Cadernos de Pesquisa 28, n. 1 (7 gennaio 2021): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2229.v28n1p186-206.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Este artigo aborda questões referentes à educação brasileira na contemporaneidade, destacando os desafios que marcam as proposições de políticas educacionais, assim como as rupturas e as permanências históricas. Resulta de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com aportes teóricos da historiografia educacional em textos legais. Discorre-se sobre as permanências que marcam a educação brasileira, com ênfase para o dualismo estrutural, fruto da sociedade de classes; apontamos alguns avanços conquistados e os desafios que se apresentam como possibilidades de superação dos problemas. Será dada a ênfase ao Plano Nacional de Educação em vigência (Lei nº 13.005 de 2014), para exemplificar permanências, rupturas e desafios. Após uma sucinta “viagem” pela história da educacional iniciando na colonização, e passando pelos diversos períodos subsequentes, conclui-se que a educação brasileira é marcada pelas contradições estruturais da sociedade e que, em determinados momentos conjunturais, as contradições acirram-se em virtude das correlações de forças marcadas pelos interesses de classe que limitam a efetivação da educação pública como direito social.Palavras-chave: Educação Brasileira. Políticas Educacionais. Contradições. Permanências. Desafios.PERMANENCES, RUPTURES AND CHALLENGES IN BRAZILIAN EDUCATIONAbstractThis article addresses issues related to Brazilian education in contemporary times, highlighting the challenges that mark the propositions of educational policies, as well as the ruptures and historical permanences. It results from bibliographic and documentary research, with theoretical contributions of educational historiography in legal texts. It discusses the permanences that mark Brazilian education, with emphasis on structural dualism, the fruit of class society; we point out some advances achieved and the challenges that present themselves as possibilities to overcome the problems. Emphasis will be placed on the National Education Plan in force (Law Nº. 13,005 of 2014), to exemplify permanence, ruptures and challenges. After a brief "journey" through the history of the educational beginning in colonization, and going through the various subsequent periods, it is concluded that Brazilian education is marked by the structural contradictions of society and that, at certain conjuncture moments, the contradictions intensify due to the correlations of forces marked by class interests that limit the effectiveness of public education as a social right.Keywords: Brazilian Education. Educational Policies. Contradictions. Stays. Challenges.PERMANENCIAS, RUPTURAS Y DESAFÍOS EN LA EDUCACIÓN BRASILEÑAResumenEste artículo aborda temas relacionados con la educación brasileña en tiempos contemporáneos, destacando los desafíos que marcan las propuestas de las políticas educativas, así como las rupturas y permanencias históricas. Es el resultado de la investigación bibliográfica y documental, con contribuciones teóricas de la historiografía educativa en textos jurídicos. Analiza las permanencias que marcan la educación brasileña, con énfasis en el dualismo estructural, fruto de la sociedad de clase; señalamos algunos avances logrados y los desafíos que se presentan como posibilidades para superar los problemas. Se hará hincapié en el Plan Nacional de Educación vigente (Ley Nº 13.005 de 2014), para ejemplificar la permanencia, las rupturas y los desafíos. Después de un breve "viaje" a través de la historia de lo educativo comenzando en la colonización, y pasando por los diversos períodos posteriores, se concluye que la educación brasileña está marcada por las contradicciones estructurales de la sociedad y que, en ciertos momentos de conjunción, las contradicciones se intensifican debido a las correlaciones de fuerzas marcadas por intereses de clase que limitan la eficacia de la educación pública como un derecho social.Palabras clave: Educación Brasileña. Políticas Educativas. Contradicciones. Estancias. Desafíos.
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Di Giovanni, Christian, Jean-Robert Disnar, Vincent Bichet e Michael Campy. "Saisonnalite et effets de seuils de la sedimentation organique detritique en milieu lacustre; heterochronie de l'enregistrement organique et des fluctuations climatiques (bassin de Chaillexon, Doubs, France)". Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 171, n. 5 (1 settembre 2000): 533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/171.5.533.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Optical analysis (palynofacies) of the organic matter (OM), occurring in various compartments (soils, bedrock formations, lacustrine chalks) of the lacustrine basin of Chaillexon (Doubs, France) has led to the definition of organic markers. Their variable contributions were observed in suspended matters taken over a period of a year (annual scale) and in lacustrine sediments covering the last 12,000 years B.P. (millennial scale). Results obtained lead to three main conclusions. Firstly, there exists a seasonal variation in the detrital organic fluxes, directly linked to the autumnal litter production. This allows us to distinct the detrital OM loaded during autumn-winter organic floods and spring-summer ones. Secondly, the organic record in Boreal to modern sediments of the lake of Chaillexon, fed by autumn-winter fluxes, appears mainly controlled by the autumnal productivity of vegetal biomass. Thirdly, the organic record does not point out a progressive evolution of organic fluxes linked with successive climatic phases. It shows abrupt ruptures of the balance (threshold effects) corresponding with the passage of the tree line in the watershed. These ruptures are not necessarily synchronous with climatic fluctuations.
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Wainer, Daniel Ferreira. "Between music and technology: existence and functioning conditions of the Brazilian phonographic industry in the 21st century". Comunicação e Sociedade 31 (29 giugno 2017): 327–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.31(2017).2621.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper discusses the digitalization process of the Brazilian music industry through bibliographical, documental and empirical sources – the latter based on fieldwork and personal interviews conducted from July 2014 to June 2015. To achieve this goal, I intend to: highlight the conditions that lead to the emergence of the digital age; analyze the development of medias, devices and equipment which may have led to this turning point; investigate the possibilities of music production and distribution in the Brazilian context; cross the local circuits of piracy and the independent ways of commercialization, including digital distribution and the copyright issue. The hypothesis raised at the end of this research is that the existence and functioning of the current phonographic industry is pervaded by ruptures and continuities. Finally, I hope that this paper may bring new perspectives about the relationship between music, culture, communication and technology in the Brazilian contemporary context. Particularly, based on empirical research, I reflect upon the effects, ruptures and continuities observed in the current context of digitalization.
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Hashimoto, Hiroyuki, Tetsuro Tamaki, Maki Hirata, Yoshiyasu Uchiyama, Masato Sato e Joji Mochida. "Reconstitution of the complete rupture in musculotendinous junction using skeletal muscle-derived multipotent stem cell sheet-pellets as a “bio-bond”". PeerJ 4 (19 luglio 2016): e2231. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2231.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background.Significant and/or complete rupture in the musculotendinous junction (MTJ) is a challenging lesion to treat because of the lack of reliable suture methods. Skeletal muscle-derived multipotent stem cell (Sk-MSC) sheet-pellets, which are able to reconstitute peripheral nerve and muscular/vascular tissues with robust connective tissue networks, have been applied as a “bio-bond”.Methods.Sk-MSC sheet-pellets, derived from GFP transgenic-mice after 7 days of expansion culture, were detached with EDTA to maintain cell–cell connections. A completely ruptured MTJ model was prepared in the right tibialis anterior (TA) of the recipient mice, and was covered with sheet-pellets. The left side was preserved as a contralateral control. The control group received the same amount of the cell-free medium. The sheet-pellet transplantation (SP) group was further divided into two groups; as the short term (4–8 weeks) and long term (14–18 weeks) recovery group. At each time point after transplantation, tetanic tension output was measured through the electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve. The behavior of engrafted GFP+tissues and cells was analyzed by fluorescence immunohistochemistry.Results.The SP short term recovery group showed average 64% recovery of muscle mass, and 36% recovery of tetanic tension output relative to the contralateral side. Then, the SP long term recovery group showed increased recovery of average muscle mass (77%) and tetanic tension output (49%). However, the control group showed no recovery of continuity between muscle and tendon, and demonstrated increased muscle atrophy, with coalescence to the tibia during 4–8 weeks after operation. Histological evidence also supported the above functional recovery of SP group. Engrafted Sk-MSCs primarily formed the connective tissues and muscle fibers, including nerve-vascular networks, and bridged the ruptured tendon–muscle fiber units, with differentiation into skeletal muscle cells, Schwann cells, vascular smooth muscle, and endothelial cells.Discussion.This bridging capacity between tendon and muscle fibers of the Sk-MSC sheet-pellet, as a “bio-bond,” represents a possible treatment for various MTJ ruptures following surgery.
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Hoshiba, Mitsuyuki. "Too-Late Warnings by Estimating Mw: Earthquake Early Warning in the Near-Fault Region". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 110, n. 3 (28 aprile 2020): 1276–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120190306.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Earthquake early warning (EEW) systems aim to provide advance warnings of impending strong ground shaking. Many EEW systems are based on a strategy in which precise and rapid estimates of source parameters, such as hypocentral location and moment magnitude (Mw), are used in a ground-motion prediction equation (GMPE) to predict the strength of ground motion. For large earthquakes with long rupture duration, the process is repeated, and the prediction is updated in accordance with the growth of Mw during the ongoing rupture. However, in some regions near the causative fault this approach leads to late warnings, because strong ground motions often occur during earthquake ruptures before Mw can be confirmed. Mw increases monotonically with elapsed time and reaches its maximum at the end of rupture, and ground motion predicted by a GMPE similarly reaches its maximum at the end of rupture, but actual generation of strong motion is earlier than the end of rupture. A time gap between maximum Mw and strong-motion generation is the first factor contributing to late warnings. Because this time gap exists at any point of time during the rupture, a late warning is inherently caused even when the growth of Mw can be monitored in real time. In the near-fault region, a weak subevent can be the main contributor to strong ground motion at a site if the distance from the subevent to the site is small. A contribution from a weaker but nearby subevent early in the rupture is the second factor contributing to late warnings. Thus, an EEW strategy based on rapid estimation of Mw is not suitable for near-fault regions where strong shaking is usually recorded. Real-time monitoring of ground motion provides direct information for real-time prediction for these near-fault locations.