Tesi sul tema "Politique et gouvernement – Europe – 1900-1945"
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Franza, Michel. "L'Europe nouvelle (1920-1934) : étude et réactions d'une revue politique face au mouvement de rénovation internationale et sa double approche de la construction de la paix par la presse et la Société des nations". Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010687.
Testo completoThe idea of reform became the major word of the years between the two wars. International politics was one of the main reasons of this reformer reflection. The league was the official political expression of this announced reform, but it was far from being sufficient for all those who considered that the century had toppled into a modern era where progress was synonymous with solidarity between the populations. An opposition saw the day between the supporters of a passive peace and the partisans of an active peace. In this struggle for the construction of peace by the international organisation, a large number of associations, groups and reforming movements, supported or at the origin of a militant press, worked at the conception of a solidary international company. « L’Europe nouvelle" was one of these reviews which, as from 1918, started, under the management of Louise Weiss, a painstaking work of reflection and gathering of the elite so as to define this new diplomacy. Circle of pacifist and european sociability , "l'Europe nouvelle" militates in favour of moral disarmament and for the construction of europe
Mataix, David. "L' Europe des révolutions nationales : l'impossible Union Latine". Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30045.
Testo completoThe history of Spain, Italy, France and Portugal during the Second World War had always been studied in a larger picture – often the XX century - or mixed in the history of the War. Today, comparing and contrasting these histories can help us to understand certain events. As we can see in this thesis there were differencies from the begining of this regimes, but also with nazi - Germany. Anticomunism, the importance of religion, national ambitions and the ambitions of theirs leaders for their countries ans themselves are some elements that explain the decisions and events during and after the war for all these authoritarian regimes. This is the history of the latin Europe from 1940 to 1942, the similitaries and the differencies between these nations as well as the role and they position they wanted to have in post-war Europe
Denéchère, Yves. "La politique espagnole de la France de 1931 à 1936 : une pratique française de rapports inégaux". Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT3015.
Testo completoIn april 1931, the spanish monarchy of alfonso xiii felle like a ripe fruit. The second republic then followed and encountered a great deal of vicissitudes until the 17th-18th july 1936 pronunciamiento. During that period of time, the french foreign policy had to adapt to the new spanis facts. The french representatives in spain, and more paticularly the ambassador jean herbette, informed the + machine diplomatique ; of the quai d'orsay. The political evolution of the spanish republic was analysed day after day, taking into account the hightly specific nature of franco-spanih relations. Because of the new regime in madrid, france had to adapt its cultural and political influence in the peninsula. As to the franco-spanish bilateral issues, france chose to reinforce or at the least to maintain its positions. The democratic improvement of spain did not seem to have been taken into account by the quai d'orsay which made no concessions to immigrants and spanish political refugees oe else to the andorra issue. The uneven nature of franco-spanish relations was even more obvious in the economic field and in marocco : france imposed power struggles for its own benefit. In the wider domain of international relations, france did not have the same freedom of movement. It had to take into account the interventions of the other powers in the the + great spanish game ;. From 1931 to 1932, france hoped to be backed by spain as far as international issues were concerned. But no more than the monarchy before, was the spanish republic ready to abandon its neutrality. From 1933 to 1935, a time during which the french diplomaty seemed to be looking for its way, the question of the place france should have kept for spain in its international game was raised. In 1936, with the popualr fronts in power in both countries, a certain closeness in diplomacy was coming to life. The beginning of the civil war brutallly broke this evolution. The policy of france towards spain from 1931 to 1936 illustrates the way france conceived unequal relations and shows the self-importance with which it viewed its relations with weaker country
Elmas, Hasan Basri. "Les ambiguites de la politique europeenne de la turquie". Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081195.
Testo completoTurkey's difficulties in becoming integrated to europe have their roots in the nature of the rapprochement between the two parties and in the evolution of turkey's domestic and foreign policy since 1945. Turkey's entry into the council of europe and nato shortly after world war ii and its association with the european economic community in 1963 were favored by the circumstances of the cold war. But after 1963, turkish foreign policy turned more toward the ussr and the middle east - this recentring of external turkish policy became specially important during the seventies and the eighties- ; europe was non longer the center of gravity of turkey's search for political and economic support. Although the greater emphasis laid on relations with middle eastern countries have been accompanied by a growing "islamization" of the country, the latter phenomenon cannot be entirely attributed to the former. In fact, the process of islamization began in the 1950s with the implementation of policies that broke with earlier secular reforms. The use of islam in electoral competition by the parties of the right, and the participation of the fundamentalist refah party in various governmental coalitions in the 1970s, served to legitimate this party as an autonomous political force. After the military takeover in 1980, the religious reference became institutionalized as an official ideology, the basis of the "rebuilding of national unity". These international and domestic developments have contributed to the weakening of turkish-european relations. Thus the formal association between turkey and the ec lost all its interest and failed to attain its objectives, all the more so because the community never dispayed a strong political will to integrate turkey. The recent turkish-european customs union agreement does not imply turkey's entry into the community but signals a new approach whereby europe has established a "strategic partnership" with turkey, seen as an element of stability in a zone of uncertainty. However, this approach does not take into account turkey's hegemonic and expansionist ambitions which, with the military treatment of the kurdish question and the problems of democracy and human rights in the country, are destined to condition the future of turkish-european relations
Schirmann, Sylvain. "Les relations économiques et financières franco-allemandes : 24 décembre 1932 - 01 septembre 1939". Strasbourg 3, 1994. http://books.openedition.org/igpde/2150.
Testo completoThe aim of this thesis is to bring to the fore the links between the economic and diplomatic aspects of relations between France and Germany. Did economic and financial relations delay the onset of war, or did they encourage it? Within the context of a world-wide crisis, exchanges between France and Germany were continually marked by a decline during the period evoked by this study. Henceforth, economic and financial relations had a limited impact on the field of diplomacy. The first section of this thesis shows how, between 1932 and 1934, the two countries are forced to alter the rules of the game. The second explains why, from the 1934 clearing agreement onwafds, Germany benefitted the most from compensation. From 1936 onwards, political questions are to have a decisive influence on economic and financial relations between the two countries. This is the subject of the third section. The final period, dealt with in section four, is dominated from 1938 onwards by the question of "economic appeasement". The notion of "economic munich" ends with the invasion of Czechoslovakia in march 1939. The oubreak of war, on the first of september, 1939, is sufficient proof that economic and financial relations had little impact on diplomatic relations. For Germany, the role of these exchanges was that of preparing the war economy more efficiently ; for paris, it was a way of facing the crisis and of avoiding, on the eve of war, a weakening of France
Vergnon, Gilles. "Catastrophe et renouveau : socialistes, communistes et oppositionnels d'Europe et d'Amérique du Nord sous l'impact de la victoire nazie : crises et reclassements (1933-1934)". Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE29005.
Testo completoThis work, which concerns the main european countries (including the ussrand the usa) in two decisive years (1933 and 1934), tries, after a picture of the german left from 1930 till 1933 and an overview of the vision of nazi rise from the main currents of the ruropean left, to sound out and to produce the typologie of their reactions against what is called as early as 1933 the "german disaster". Then, this transnational study brings out three succesive plans of renewal of leftist political strategies, each of them supported by different actors : the attempt of build "new parties", the "revolutionizing" of socialist parties, around "planism" or not, unity with communist parties, which, on communist's initiative, rapidly widens in "all-inclusive democratic blocs"
Jolin, Gignac Jean-Sébastien. "Léon Blum et la politique étrangère de la France en Europe de l'Est (1919-1936) : du socialisme intégriste à la conception militaire de la sécurité". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18140.
Testo completoRiondel, Bruno. "Maurice Faure : un artisan de la construction européenne". Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010501.
Testo completoElected member for Lot in 1951, Maurice Faure discovered the european idea and joined the federalist circles. Appointed secretary of state at foreign affair in Guy Mollet's very european government, he fist began the talks concerning the retrocession of Sarre to Germany, with success; then he took the head of the French delegation negotiating the commom market and Euratom. At the top of his carreer, the treaties of Rome will then be the object of all Maurice Faure's attention. He will support them with pugnacity, by demanding in exchange of the French acceptation of the british project to create a free-trade zone, equal guarantees to those obtained for the common market and by standing in opposition to the confederal conception the Gaullists will try to impose in the sixties. At the end of that period, disappointed by the difficulties met by the European building and less influent because he had lost the head of the radical party he had controlled since 1961, he turned to his local mandates, without completely abandonning the European building for witch he still sporadically gets involved
Boudella, Ahmed. "Intégration militaire et autonomie politique de l’Europe des dix : problématique et perspective". Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100064.
Testo completoTill now, the construction of the European Economic Community has essentially been realized on the economic level. Its complete realization has also to be made on the military level. But there are numerous pitfalls before it reaches that stage. In our thesis, we have tried to define those problems: they are political, industrial, technological ones, etc. . . The integration of Great Britain into the European Economic Community has not changed the British positions concerning Europe: Great Britain goes on preserving its tight links with the United States. It does not agree upon the Western Europe union frame since it is bound to nation. As for Germany, its case is very complex, since Bonn has to take into account its own wish to be unified again while asserting strongly its Atlantic and European ties. We have been also interested in the nature of the military integration. Will it be conventional or nuclear? Won't the recent sovieto-american agreements about euro-missiles be a supplementary obstacle to a real European nuclear force? That is to say, will the European Economic Community be able to arm itself on the nuclear level, whereas, USSR renounces to its short and medium rang weapons, and is likely on the point of destroying an important part of its strategic arsenal? The dilemma is sizeable
Kim, Myong-Sob. "Intégrer pour régner : la stratégie globale de l'administration Truman et l'origine de la régionalisation tripolaire". Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010277.
Testo completoThe american region-building policy applied at global level was a crucial factor that helped generate the difference between European region-building and Asian regionbuilding. Instead of encouraging regional identity as they did in western Europe, U. S. Officials had deep fear vis-a-vis Asian regionalism misused for a Japanese expansion in the form of pan-Asianism. If European region-building was partly based on the revival of the mediaval tradition of European civilization against modern nationalism, regionbuilding in maritime East Asia was basically under the setting of american expansionism competing against Japanese unilateralism, as well as with European unilateralism in Asia. The worst possible threat to the eyes of the u. S. Officials was the combination of communism with pan-Asianism in favor of the putative soviet "power complex. " the U. S. Officials who opposed, at first stage, the forma colonialism persisting in hullian view, began to admit the enlarged European interest in maritime east Asia. When European region-building was brought to a deadlock because of the chronic dollar gap, u. S. Foreign officers attached their hope to an "alliance with European powers" for their east Asian interests to smother nationalistic communist threat. In the final phase, however, the U. S. Foreign officials wanted to combine their enlarged interest of maritime east Asia with the revival of greater east Asia co-prosperity sphere. This resulted in an "american-Japanese consortium" in maritime east Asia preventing a genuine Asian regional cooperation
Weiland, Isabelle. "La Tunisie aux expositions universelles de 1851 à 1900". Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0005.
Testo completoWorking on Tunisia at the world fairs of the XIXth century enables us to combine a reflection on fairs as an indicator of a trend towards globalization with an investigation on the change of relationships between the east and the west. Choosing North Africa enables us to analyze the near east, familiar to Europeans in the mid XIXth century, but still containing grey areas giving rise to fantasy and manufactoring stereotypes. This study helps to understand tunisian fairs as diplomacy taking place against a backdrop of reforms and financial crisis. What are the cultural and technical transfers, performed or displayed by the regency of Tunis, on the occasion of the fairs ? Who are the intermediaries, official and unofficial diplomats who organize fairs in Tunisia before 1881 ? The analysis of Tunisia under colonial rule can then show us to what extent the loss of the political sovereignty of the regency has an impact on its international representation within the world fairs. France wanted to show Tunisia as a colonial model - that of the protectorate - and as an original oriental contry, wich remains exotic and colonial fairs
Martínez, Frederic. "Le nationalisme cosmopolite : la référence à l'Europe dans la construction nationale en Colombie : 1845-1900". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010653.
Testo completoThe articulation between the nation-building process and the increasing references to western european countries, which caracterizes the xixth century in latin america constitutes the scope of this study. In the aftermath of independence, the quest for legitimacy by the new powers as well as the task of constructing the state led the "nation-builders" to study, analyse, diffuse and use in the public debate the political experiences of the european countries. The first part of the work offers a study of the use of european political rhetoric within the public debate in Colombia, in the years 1840 to 1860 : the mecanisms by which an "imaginaire" from Europe is diffused by the political actors for their own partisan needs is studied with particular detail. The second part examines the development of travel to Europe among the political elites by that time. Being a subject of discussion in the national context, the fact that overseas travel becomes generalised has a multiple impact on Colombian politics: as well as reinforcing national feeling through the real discovery of "difference", it invites a closer inspiration from the European models of nation-building. Finally, the third part depicts the intents to import institutionnal models (state, education, army, church) fostered by the political powers during the three last decades of the century. Whilst those attempts generally end up in failure with regard to the state-building process, the nationalist ideology created by the governments to compensate their use of foreign models leads to the definition of the political myths which will dominate XXth-century olombia
Benedetti, Andrea. "Le Bureau socialiste international : de boîte postale à organisation intégrative, 1900-1918". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAG015.
Testo completoThis thesis examines the International Socialist Bureau (ISB) through the prism of the gradual evolution of its competences, from its laborious creation in an internationalist milieu that rejected institutional centralisation, to the institution's paradoxical survival during the First World War, when the Second International had broken up. We are interested in the rationale behind the transformation of the ISB from a simple liaison tool to a coordinating body for transnational political mobilisation, in an attempt to understand the extent to which it can be likened to the contemporary concept of integrative organisation. This will enable us to ascertain whether the evolution of the ISB can be seen as a redefinition of internationalist dynamics themselves, aimed at making solidarity across borders palpable at a time of exacerbated nationalism in Europe
Verluise, Pierre. "Les mutations géopolitiques de l'Europe, 1989-2004". Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040262.
Testo completoAfter the end of the Cold War, how were the maps redrawn ? Research shows that the fall of the Berlin wall initiates massive geopolitical changes in Europe. The expansion of NATO and the European Union which follow are not ineffective. The geopolitical configuration has changed to the advantage of the US. Which doesn’t prevent Russia from keeping assets, notably thanks to its hydrocarbons and its networks. Integration to the EU of 10 new member states has partly modified its characteristics. Firstly a previous tendency to depopulation and ageing is becoming more pronounced. It is then translating into the membership of less rich states but with a fasteconomic growth. Eventually, the enlargement needs an improvement in the community institutions and astrengthening of European citizenship. The increased EU must take up many challenges if it wants to become amajor political actor
Khabbaz-Hamoui, Fayçal. "Le dialogue euro-arabe: un échec inéluctable?" Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211211.
Testo completoBoulé, Richard. "La montée du fascisme et de la Grande Dépression en Allemagne, vue par la presse de France, de Grande-Bretagne et des États-Unis (1930-32)". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27167.
Testo completoDuring the years 1931-32, international disputes about the Treaty of Versailles accompanied the rise of fascism and Great Depression in Germany. Leaders of the Anglo-Saxon powers justified their support of the Reich by public opinions. Historians have said that the latters were deluded about German issues, but what were those illusions and where do they came from ? This comparison of British, American and French newspapers shows that they were not only made from wrong assessments of objective realities, but also from hidden facts or inventions, even a media war serving to justify some financial and political choices. The fast dissemination of the same inventions on both sides of the Atlantic also suggest the existence of priviledged channels of « opinion fabrics » from Germany, to and between Britain and the United States.
Kousouris, Dimitris. "Une épuration ordinaire : les procès des collaborateurs en Grèce (1944-1949) comme composante de la reconstruction judiciaire en Europe". Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0141.
Testo completoThis dissertation studies the judiciary purge of the Axis' collaborators in Greece after the country's libération in l9M. That purge took place into the context of a civil war that had started during the foreign occupation and finished in 1949, when the Special Collaborators' Courts finished working. The different stages ofjuridicisation of the question describe how the two camps of the internal conflict aligned themselves on the lines that separated the camps of the civil war. Hence, we study the purge as a component of a civil war that was at the same time internal and international. The various qualitative and quantitative aspects of the administrative purges, reveal that the the purge was an effective instrument in the hands of the successor élites. In the beginning, the the trials inaugurated the myth of a global and unanimous national resistance that permitted to the new régime to incorporate into the state apparatus a part of excollaborators, mainly inthe armed forces. The symbolic appropriation of the antifascist victory permitted to the judiciary to restore its authority as well as to prepare, by 1946, the institution of an anticommunist state of emergency. Finally, by identiffing the internal and the external ennemy, mainly close to the northern frontier of the counfry, the judiciary'purge carried out the transformation of the greek frontier into frontier of the Cold War
Lamézec, Yann. "Les relations franco-britanniques et le problème de la reconstruction de l'Europe (1944-1947)". Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040055.
Testo completoOur study explores the problem of Europe's reconstruction, essentially the political dimension, from the point of view of the relationship between France and England, from 1944 to 1947. The main objective is to explain why it took until 4th March 1947 for France and England to conclude a treaty of alliance while each of them signed a treaty with USSR before the end of World War II. The first part compares studies made, during the war, by the Free French and English leaders about the problem of Europe's post war reconstruction. It focuses the attention on the points of agreement concerning the analysis of the European geopolitical situation as well as comparable solutions for restoring the balance of power in post war Europe. It also points out the areas of disagreement such as the order of importance placed by each on the various solutions contemplated to restore European balance. Then, our study focuses the attention more obviously on the Franco-British alliance project. The second part explores the possible solutions to realize this alliance, that is to say, a West European Group, a tripartite pact or a bilateral treaty. It exposes the reasons why this is the bilateral formula that was finally imposed on them and difficulties met to make the Franco-British bilateral treaty of Alliance project a reality. The third and last part of our study continues the exploration of these difficulties between the Labour Party's arrival in power in the United Kingdom and the conclusion of the treaty at Dunkirk on 4th March 1947
Constantin, Cornelia. "Pour une socio-histoire de la catégorie de père de l'Europe et ses usages pluriels : trajectoires, réputations, mémoires (1950-2010)". Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0094.
Testo completoOur thesis explores the socio-historical paths of the institutionalization of the mothers and fathers of Europe. From a corpus of 24 individuals who actually contributed to the creation of the European Community, 0ur approach is based on comparative politics, sociology of collective memory, mobilization and public action. Our proof is structured in three parts. We first deconstructs the trajectories of the fathers of Europe from the perspective of comparative politics, to explain the logic of European integration, which cannot be reduced to changes in the European project. The second part of the thesis focuses on the mobilization of associations and foundations, political or non-political, which perpetuate the memory of the fathers of Europe, largely unexplored topics in political science. The mobilizations in memorial associations and foundations explain why some fathers of Europe are more recognized than others. Similarly, partisan mobilization reflects the greater consecration of the fathers of Europe Christian Democrats. Finally, the third section analyzes the commemorative practices devoted to the fathers of Europe on regional, national and community levels. Contrary to what the name of "father of Europe" would suggest, we demonstrate that national frameworks of memory are the most meaningful. More generally, this thesis demonstrates the relevance of the concept of governance in order to think memorial public policy as nesting state actors, European and associative structures
Bouquerel, Fanny. "Culture et politique régionale de l'Union européenne. Acteurs et dynamiques d'un cadre d'intervention inopérant : la région Sicile". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080098.
Testo completoThis research explores the implementation of the communitarian Cohesion policy in the Sicily Region, focusing on its cultural component. An approach at the microscopic scale based on numerous interviews discloses an ineffective operating framework. The extreme complexity of the Cohesion policy, which is the produce of a multilevel governance system, presents difficulties when it comes to its articulation with the national or regional Development policies. Its implementation at the grass root level shows flaws that heavily hinder its effectiveness. Culture is acknowledged for its contribution to the development of a heritage-based tourism, which is considered to be a major local asset. And yet, the increasingly divergent interpretation of the cultural referential in Brussels, Italy or Sicily has weakened its role, reflecting a simplistic vision focussing only on its economic impact. In addition, Cohesion policy promotes the principle of partnership, implying the involvement of all the stakeholders in a region. However, in Sicily the powerful regional government is still by far the main beneficiary of these structural funds at the expense of the cultural field, which is poorly organised and remains largely excluded. Finally, the Cohesion policy reveals a political crisis at the European and Sicilian levels: some institutional players on the island opt for inertia, while the lack of response from the communitarian institutions could reflect the unwillingness to promote true European cohesion
Hude-Gauer, Caroline. "L'entrée de l'Autriche dans l'Union Européenne". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996VERS003S.
Testo completoThe aim of this thesis is the study of the Austrian integration to the European Union. It includes an introduction on the historical role of Austria in Europe. Its first part describes the evolution of the ties between Austria and the European Community. The second part focuses on neutrality and analyses whether or not it is compatible with a membership to the European Union. The third part is related to negotiations on the accession of Austria to the European Union and their results. For obvious political, economical and cultural reasons, the Austrian application has been dealt within the shortest time. New applications from other countries of Europe may well have been added to the waiting list but it will probably take more time for these countries to join the EU than for EFYA countries for economic reasons because they have recently opted for democracy and the free market and are not yet prepared to join the European Union
Ongono, Pomme Alexandra. "L'évolution des relations entre l'Union européenne et le conseil de l'Europe : entre coopération et concurrence (1948- 2014)". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAG004/document.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the relationship between the European Union and the Council of Europe for the period 1948- 2014. Having as their common objective a political union among the people of Europe, these two European organisations have alternated since their creation between cooperating stance and competitiveness.Therefore, the aim of this research study is to analyse the nature of these relationships, casting light on the conditions and the way in which these were put in place. The thesis makes a structured comparison of the two organizations regarding the relevant political, institutional and material parameters. It also aims at providing a fresh look at the history of European integration: by going beyond an intrinsic analysis of the history of the EU, European integration is thus understood in relation to the interactions of the EU with the Council of Europe
Guiresse, Marguerite. "Le principe juridique de confiance mutuelle entre États membres en droit de l’Union européenne". Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU2074.
Testo completoThe legal principle of mutual trust between Member States exists, I have encountered it many times ", one would be tempted to write. The study of EU law reveals the principle’s solid legal foundations while the extraction and analysis of the object reveals its own undeniable legal value. It has no equivalent in national, international, or European union law. Through the proof of its legal nature, the ingenious construction of EU law that the principle of mutual trust is appears. Raised to the rank of an existential and constitutional principle by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), mutual trust conditions the functioning and the autonomy of the EU's legal order. Its examination reveals its limits and limited legal effects. Nevertheless, it remains an unsurpassable principle. It constitutes a real issue for the threefold legitimacy of the Union. By underlining the fragility of the EU, it may appear to be an inherent weakness of the Union. By analysing the system of European integration in light of the principle, it is possible to shed light on the shortcomings of both. It also provides an original approach to questions relating to the nature of the EU
Martel, Dominique. "Une offre de bons offices et une opération de relations publiques : Les responsables politiques canadiens face à la course aux armements, 1979-1984". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28998/28998.pdf.
Testo completoPâris, Laurence. "De l'internationalisation du conflit centre-américain : l'influence des acteurs externes sur l'évolution politique de l'Amérique centrale des années quatre-vingts". Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010312.
Testo completoThe first time in the history of Latin America when a great number of outside parties were involved in a regional conflict was in Central America in the 1980's. At that time, the democratic evolution of the local political regimes appeared as the result of the interacting strategies of many foreign countries. Some of them seemed to be operating in an East Ouest confrontation state of mind while others tended to minimize the conflict to its local scale. For example, the democratization of Central American countries serves the US policy better than one solely based on strengh. At the same time, the Ussr does not develop an offensive policy in area which is considered as a bartering commodity in its relationship with the US. Meanwhile, in order to gain the international community's trust and maintain the stability of the new regime in Nicaragua, Cuba is trying to still the revolutionary movements. On the other hand, European countries, be it the EEC, the states or certain political movements, offer a western alternatives to the us and might end up as being the way to follow. However, European actions have only been able to go this far because of the birth of an independent Latin American diplomacy, especially through the Contadora group. This group aims at an economic development and a greater political stability in the area. Today, as we are neating the end of this decade, the collapse of the communist system speeds up the democratic transition of the Central American regimes, proving this type of regime to be the only viable reference
Bouquerel, Fanny. "Culture et politique régionale de l'Union européenne. Acteurs et dynamiques d'un cadre d'intervention inopérant : la région Sicile". Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080098.
Testo completoThis research explores the implementation of the communitarian Cohesion policy in the Sicily Region, focusing on its cultural component. An approach at the microscopic scale based on numerous interviews discloses an ineffective operating framework. The extreme complexity of the Cohesion policy, which is the produce of a multilevel governance system, presents difficulties when it comes to its articulation with the national or regional Development policies. Its implementation at the grass root level shows flaws that heavily hinder its effectiveness. Culture is acknowledged for its contribution to the development of a heritage-based tourism, which is considered to be a major local asset. And yet, the increasingly divergent interpretation of the cultural referential in Brussels, Italy or Sicily has weakened its role, reflecting a simplistic vision focussing only on its economic impact. In addition, Cohesion policy promotes the principle of partnership, implying the involvement of all the stakeholders in a region. However, in Sicily the powerful regional government is still by far the main beneficiary of these structural funds at the expense of the cultural field, which is poorly organised and remains largely excluded. Finally, the Cohesion policy reveals a political crisis at the European and Sicilian levels: some institutional players on the island opt for inertia, while the lack of response from the communitarian institutions could reflect the unwillingness to promote true European cohesion
Parisi, Ilaria. "La France et la crise des euromissiles, 1977-1987". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA104.
Testo completoThe origins of the Euromissile crisis date back to October 1977, when Helmut Schmidt publicly expressed his anxieties about the nuclear imbalance in Europe, following the deployment of the Soviet SS-20 missiles. The new Soviet system was more accurate than its predecessors and equipped with three nuclear warheads. NATO’s aging nuclear medium-range missiles could not match the Soviet technology and NATO’s nuclear escalation strategy proved weakened. At a time when SALT II fixed a rough strategic nuclear parity between the Soviet Union and the United States, Europe wondered whether the American extended deterrence was still reliable. The increasing Soviet threat and the deepening European defiance vis-à-vis the American military protection were the two central elements of the Euromissile crisis, which lasted until 1987, when the Washington treaty sanctioned the elimination of all Soviet and American medium-range nuclear forces in Europe.The French concern about the Euromissile crisis was twofold. Firstly, Moscow might profit from its military superiority in Europe in order to extend its influence over the Western part of the continent. As a consequence, the Soviet Union might acquire a veto over any European political development, for example as regards the European integration process or the resolution of the German question, issues on which France was eager to play a major role. Secondly, the European distrust towards the American military protection could lead to the establishment of a “eurostrategic” balance, or a balance between the Soviet and the American nuclear weapons in Europe. This would definitely have weakened the value of the American extended nuclear deterrence in Europe, but also in due course included third country nuclear forces into the military European balance as a part of the Western military effort. In this case, France would be deprived of a major element of her defense policy. As a consequence, France got involved in the Euromissiles crisis to preserve her strategic environment from any Soviet European ambition and to defend her policy of national independence from any attempt to diminish her military force at a time of increased East-West confrontation
Bast, Oliver. "La politique étrangère de la Perse et la première guerre mondiale (1917-1921)". Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030143.
Testo completoThis study asks how Persia's diplomacy responded to the challenges of World War I. It analyses the foreign policy adopted by various Iranian cabinets, especially the one led by Vosuq od-Dowle, vis-à-vis the Great Powers in the crucial period between 1917 and 1921. This work concentrates on Persia's own foreign policy makers defying the euro-centrist tendencies of a traditional historiography that has limited itself to the study of the Persian policies pursued by the Great Powers, treating the Persians more or less as nonentities. Insisting on the Iranian point of view, this work is primarily based on hitherto unused Iranian documents stemming from the archives of Iran's Foreign Ministry, the National Archive and numerous recently published document collections, but it also uses published British as well as French and Russian archival sources. As a result of this novel approach we are able to present a totally new interpretation of Iran's diplomatic history in the period under question
Boivin, Hélène. "Louis Terrenoire, un fidèle à l’ombre du général de Gaulle 1908-1992". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL105.
Testo completoGreatly forgotten in the history of Gaullism, Louis Terrenoire is nevertheless one of the most attested representatives of it. Nothing predisposed this Lyonnais, from a modest family, first engaged in the actions of social Catholicism and then Christian trade unionism, to have a political career that was in every respect in the wake of the General. Louis Terrenoire went to Paris in 1932 to join the newspaper “L'aube” launched by Francisque Gay, and made his first contacts with the political circles of Christian Democracy. He stands out above all for his commitment as a journalist in the fight against fascism. Mobolized in 1939, he went into battle with the will to defend the country as well as its republican and christian values. Refusing the armistice, he very early won the ranks of the Resistance, not in response to the Appeal of June 18 that he did not hear but to prolong an antifascist struggle begun in the 1930s. It was during his years of resistance and then in deportation that Louis Terrenoire discovered himself to be a Gaullist and began to build a political identity inseparable from the General. In 1945-1946, he began a parliamentary career under the MRP label. After the break-up of the “loyalty party” with the General, Louis Terrenoire decided to leave him in 1947 to serve General de Gaulle. Beaten in 1951, he became a Member of Parliament again in 1958 and the rest until 1973. He took part in the exercice of power during the Algerian war as Minister of Information, then as Minister Delegate Relations with Parliament from February 1961 to April 1962 and at the same time as spokeman for a General who was very open to debate in the Council of Ministers.This political itinerary is based on an unfailing loyalty to a man- General de Gaulle-, to his ideas and to his work, which makes him a “ baron” apart until his death
Lahad, Ziad. "Le Liban sur l'échiquier du Moyen-Orient 1940-1958". Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030015.
Testo completoThis research, traces the rivalries, between the year 1940 and 1958, amid the Western powers within Lebanon, which is the result of the gradual weakening of their former colonial powers, France and Great Britain. Through this study, we will expose the new order imposed on the Middle East, and we will analyze how the United States sought to supplant the former colonial forces.Furthermore, during the years 1947 to 1958, the Middle East witnessed a major political upheaval with the end of the mandate, the establishment of the State of Israel, the rise of Arab nationalism and the rise of a new superpower in that region: the Soviet Union. Moreover, we will specifically detail the causes and consequences of the Suez Canal crisis and we will try to assess its extent on the accelerated collapse of the former colonial forces, superseded by their two new challengers. In the light of these events, Lebanon will appear overwhelmed by the challenges, and torn by the internal opposition between pro-Nasserite Muslims and pro-Western Christians. It will be shown in detail how, to counter the Soviet influence in the Middle East after the Suez crisis, Eisenhower reshuffled his policy in the area, taking advantage of the decreasing influence of France and Great Britain.Eventually, we come to the conclusion, that the decade spanning from 1947 to 1958 is decisive to the history of the US-European rivalry in the Middle East, where the weakening of all other Western powers is definitive, and where the rules of the game, in the extremely complex region, became determined for the following decade
Boivin, Hélène. "Louis Terrenoire, un fidèle à l’ombre du général de Gaulle 1908-1992". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL105.
Testo completoGreatly forgotten in the history of Gaullism, Louis Terrenoire is nevertheless one of the most attested representatives of it. Nothing predisposed this Lyonnais, from a modest family, first engaged in the actions of social Catholicism and then Christian trade unionism, to have a political career that was in every respect in the wake of the General. Louis Terrenoire went to Paris in 1932 to join the newspaper “L'aube” launched by Francisque Gay, and made his first contacts with the political circles of Christian Democracy. He stands out above all for his commitment as a journalist in the fight against fascism. Mobolized in 1939, he went into battle with the will to defend the country as well as its republican and christian values. Refusing the armistice, he very early won the ranks of the Resistance, not in response to the Appeal of June 18 that he did not hear but to prolong an antifascist struggle begun in the 1930s. It was during his years of resistance and then in deportation that Louis Terrenoire discovered himself to be a Gaullist and began to build a political identity inseparable from the General. In 1945-1946, he began a parliamentary career under the MRP label. After the break-up of the “loyalty party” with the General, Louis Terrenoire decided to leave him in 1947 to serve General de Gaulle. Beaten in 1951, he became a Member of Parliament again in 1958 and the rest until 1973. He took part in the exercice of power during the Algerian war as Minister of Information, then as Minister Delegate Relations with Parliament from February 1961 to April 1962 and at the same time as spokeman for a General who was very open to debate in the Council of Ministers.This political itinerary is based on an unfailing loyalty to a man- General de Gaulle-, to his ideas and to his work, which makes him a “ baron” apart until his death
Yagil, Limore. "L'Homme nouveau et la Révolution nationale de Vichy, 1940-1944 : étude du régime, de son idéologie et de ses pratiques". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992IEPP0014.
Testo completoKevonian, Dzovinar. "Réfugiés et diplomatie humanitaire : les acteurs européens et la scène proche-orientale pendant l'entre-deux-guerres". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010514.
Testo completoHow the development of the refugees issue at the beginning of the xxth century emerges in the field of international relationships ? Can we say that it starts a humanitarian diplomacy by peace time about refugees ? How the study of the middle-east and the plans settled by the league of nations explain the nature and the limits of this diplomacy ? The first part of our study is about the middle-east in 1918-1923. Refugees in cilicia, syria and lebanon take part in the french eastern diplomacy as an element in the military strategy, territorial rivalries, and the minorities "game" after 1921. In the second part, we are studying europe and geneva, and we are trying to analyse the evolution of the refugees issue (massive exodus, stateless persons, forced denationalisations, obligation of passeport) and the development of the humanitarian action. We describe the framework of the humanitarian diplomacy : high-commissionner of the l. O. N. , advisory committee of private organisations, and refugees service of the i. L. O. The third part studies the international settlement plans of armenian and assyrian refugees in syria and lebanon between 1927 and 1938, the intervention of the international red cross committee during the revolt of druzes (1925-1926), and the main elements of humanitarian network (protestant missions. International red cross committee, i. L. O. , l. O. N. , french office of l. O. N. ), with a special attention to fridtjof nansen and albert thomas. The conclusion underlines contributions of socio-history of international relationships, the study of networks appears as an important element in the analysis of international cooperation structures
Dufaud, Grégory. "Construire l'État multinational : les Tatars de Crimée entre 1883 et 1967". Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010609.
Testo completoCapuano, Christophe. "Le "familial" en France sous le régime de Vichy : territoires, réseaux, trajectoires : les exemples de la Bourgogne et de la Franche-Comté". Dijon, 2008. http://books.openedition.org/pur/121260.
Testo completoThis PhD dissertation analyses the political, juridical and social functions of the “family” under Vichy France. First the thesis tends to revaluate the part played by the French State in the family policy. For long the central government has been considered as a major, if not unique, player of the state family policy of the Vichy Regime. In fact, partly because of the German occupation of the northern part of France, partly because of the administrative and governmental processes of the Vichy Regime, the implementation and the achievements of the family policy are due not only to the central government but mostly to the involvement of nongovernmental organisations, private or public, central or local. Second this PhD dissertation analyses the strategies of the various institutions dealing with family policy at different territorial scales. It describes both the similarities of the institutions’goals and the specificities of their implementation processes. It focuses on the various interactions between the State and the nongovernmental organisations. Third this thesis deals with the constitution of a nonpartisan, non controversial and uncompromised approach of family policy. Under the German occupied France family activists could be both supporters of the Vichy Regime and of the French Resistance at the same time. Following the Liberation of France, the family activists were treated very leniently, escaping convictions, and had succeeded in holding important positions in the public sector organisations and departments in charge of the family policy under the Fourth Republic. Moreover, the family policy based on populationist incitements was continued under the Fourth Republic, even if based on radically different philosophical principles
Alexandre-Collier, Agnès. "L'euroscepticisme au sein du Parti conservateur britannique : 1992-1997". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0031.
Testo completoThe signature of the treaty on European Union in 1992 brought about opposition within the conservative party to political and monetary union and more broadly to the European policy of the conservative government. The group of conservative MPS, who voted against the ratification of the treaty, despite their own party's instructions, gained increasing and unprecedented influence over the development of European policy during John Major's second period in office from 1992-7. The parliamentary rebels, termed eurosceptics by the press, could draw on a wide range of resources and seize a number of opportunities. In particular, they took advantage of the small and declining parliamentary majority to pursue their agenda. By 1995 eurosceptics within the party had developed all the characteristics of a faction. Ultimately they sufficiently damaged the authority of the prime minister, to force him to resign the leadership of the party in June 1995 and hod an election to restore his authority. The May 1997 general election confronted John Major with the power of this eurosceptical mobilisation within his own party. The conservative defeat and John Major's subsequent resignation as leader, paved the way for william hague to pursue a new and explicitly more eurosceptic policy. On the whole, the case of the Conservative party shows that the eurosceptic discourse, relying on the thatcherite values of economic liberalism and national independence, is based on the three principles of nationalism, democracy and liberalism. In challenging the left-wing cleavage, which usually structures political parties, euroscepticism finally appears as a combination of national "primordialism" and party "fundamentalism"
Cazenave, Jean-Luc. "L'identité slovaque: essai sur l'affirmation politique de la Slovaquie (1848-1939)". Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040141.
Testo completoIn 1848 Slovakia did not yet exist as a Slavic nation and remained closely tied to Hungary and to the Habsburg Empire. Nonetheless a number of Slovaks were keen to openly assert their linguistic difference. Ludovit Stur even set down the codification of the Slovak language. From 1860, the creation of Matica, the nationwide cultural society, enabled the development of the National Party. Following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, a new movement, hlasism, unified Czech and Slovak nationalists. In 1913, anew, more nationalist, political party took rise, Andrej Hlinka's Slovak People's Party. Czechoslovakia's independence in 1918 marked the triumph of hlasism. The Twenties were marked by a strong rise in Slovak separatism. On 22 November 1938, following the Munich Agreement, the autonomists took advantage of Prague's weakened position to obtain autonomy as well as equality between the two nations. On 14 march 1939, Slovakia's independence was proclaimed under the close supervision of Berlin
Dullin, Sabine. "Diplomates et diplomatie soviétiques en Europe (1930-1939) : structures et méthodes d'une politique extérieure sous Staline". Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010645.
Testo completoThis thesis is a study of the people's commissariat for foreign affairs (NKID) between 1930 and 1939, when litvinov is the chief of the diplomacy. Belonging to the historical field of studies on the decision-making process, it is based, thanks to the opening of archives in moscow, on a new documentation which offers the possibility to analyse more precisely than before the working relations between NKID and the party's leading circles. It makes it also possible to evaluate the place of the diplomatic institution in regard to the comintern but also to soviet institutions, such as commissariats for foreign trade and for defense. Underlying this study-case, rests the larger question of the role played by higher administrations inside a party-state with totalitarian tendencies. These issues are treated throughout history of soviet union's foreign policy in Europe. At some key-moments, such as the soviet decision to follow a policy of collective security in december 1933, ussr's decision to join the league of nations in september 1934 or the signature of the mutual assistance pact with france in may 1935, the analysis of the decision-making process shows the influence gained by Litvinov amongst soviet leaders in the diplomatic field, and gives a better understanding of the job asked to soviet embassies in Europe and to soviet delegates in Geneva, charged of information and propaganda. Soviet diplomats have a profile allowing a good adaptation and a successful integration of the ussr in the "concert europeen". But, after the end of 1936, in the context of the great terror and a pre-war atmosphere, the NKID, forged by litvinov, becomes weaker, before disappearing totally. Facing party leaders coming back to the theory of undifferentiated anti-imperialism and to an isolationnist policy, Litvinov's projects become questioned, while stalin, doing his best to eliminate any scrap of autonomy, uses the purges to take control over diplomacy with no more go-between
Hallez, Xavier. "Communisme national et mouvement révolutionnaire en Orient : parcours croisé de trois leaders soviétiques orientaux (Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev, Turar Ryskulov et Elbekdorž Rinčino) dans la consultation d'un nouvel espace géopolitique 1917-1926". Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0168.
Testo completoThe subject of my phd is a compared biography of Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev (1892-1940), Turar Ryskulov (1894-1938) and Elbekdorž Rinčino (1885-1937). Through their life, I intend to recount the formation of the soviet system and his evolution from the first days of the 1917 russian revolution until the late tewenties. The geographical area of my work merges with the soviet controled territory and especially : Middle-Volga, Central Asia and Buryatia-Mongolia. The aim of my study is to highlight the structural and functional dimensions of soviet system, emphazing on the dynamics of its construction. The micro-historical approach of the biography helps to understand the society's and administration's internaI functioning, through personnal paths. The characteristic of my work is to involve mongolian and turkic regions and populations, whose issues are different from those of european Russia and of Russians. These kazakh, tatar, buryat and mongol populations are also related to different histories, due to their attachment to muslim, turkic and mongol realm. My study tends to seize the interactions of these elements
Paquet, Olivier. "La démocratie tchécoslovaque et ses problèmes nationaux (1918-1939)". Grenoble 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE21022.
Testo completoLe, Crom Jean-Pierre. "L'organisation des relations professionnelles en France (1940-1944) : corporatisme et charte du travail". Nantes, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NANT4004.
Testo completoThe organisation of relationships at work in france over the 1940-44 period was mainly characterized by the promulgation of the labor charter on October 4 th, 1941. The new social organisation of trades can be explained by the lack of stability of the law of collective relationships at work in the period between w. W. 1. And w. W. 2. , by the revival of corporatist ideas in the 1930s, as well by strictly political factors (anticommunism, breaking off by by the vichy regim from political and cultural norms. . . ) more than just a law, it is a fundamental framework, whose first aim is to tranfer an important part of the power to make regulations to the trade themselves. Badly written and unfinished, this text is also ambiguous in so far as it provides for several forms of organisation. It is the outcome of a compromise between the clans that were fighting over the power in vichy : the traditionalists against the neo trade-unionists behind their leader rene belin, the minister of employment and former confederal secretary of the cgt. The use of hitherto unpublished sources shows that this conflict lasted till the French liberation in spite of various changes in ministers. The result of this ambitious project, which have been measured, confirm its failure, a failure which is nevertheless limited by the influence of its main ideas
Fshazi, Falma. "Moralité, loyauté et citoyenneté : l'organisation de la jeunesse dans l'Albanie de l'entre-deux-guerres". Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0099.
Testo completoThis study explores the interwar Albanian state youth organizations, the National Entity “The Albanian Youth” and the Federation of Artistic and Sports Associations “The Albanian Brotherhood. ” They constitute the first examples of the Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports that we find in present day Albania. These institutions, which related youth, education, sports and culture to a patriotic platform that deeply affected the political culture in the country, become for the first time the subject of a particular socio-historical research. This study proposes that these institutions advanced a project of citizenship for Albanian society. This project consists in the organization of national society through the youth and by projecting onto the city youth the good citizenship. Approaching national citizenship as being political this study suggests that the city emerges at the same time as a space of subversion of and compliance to power
Jian, Philippe. "D'un désordre l'autre, "Le Temps" et "Le Figaro" des années trente au régime de Vichy". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010562.
Testo completoBelhaj, Saif Mohammed Rachid. "La politique scolaire du protectorat français au Maroc (1912-1940)". Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H078.
Testo completoThe colonial school introduced in morocco has been clearly marked by the marechal Lyautey's ideological choice. Three essential principle were defined : - principle of "difference" that consisted to create specific schools for every school public : European school, franco-jewish school and franco-arabic school ; - principle of "differenciation" that distinguished on one hand between schools reserved for the sons of the leading citizens and populars schools and, on the other hand, between barbers and Arabs ; - principle of "lingering evolution" : the schooling of natives has not to confer more values to his public and to turn out soured elements. The analysis and questioning of several data have shown that these principles had been effectively applied
Cantier, Jacques. "L'Algérie sous le régime de Vichy : de la fin de la IIIe République aux lendemains du débarquement allié : le temps de la Révolution nationale". Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20076.
Testo completoRonsin, Samuel. "Police, nation(s) et République : histoire sociale et politique de la police d'État tchécoslovaque sous la Première République (1918-1938)". Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0161.
Testo completoMavroidis, Constantin. "La construction de la nation grecque (1780-1922)". Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON10013.
Testo completoEnders, Armelle. "Pouvoirs et fédéralisme au Brésil (1889-1930)". Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040083.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the implementation of republic and federalism in brazil during the first republic (1889-1930). The prosopografic study of the brazalian political elites shows that the coffee planters do not dominate the state. Moreover, the political behavior of rio grande do sul, bahia, rio de janeiro and pernambouc, qualifies the idea of a sao paulo and minas gerais "hegemony" on the federation the leading part of the gaucho senator pinheiro machado, and his political propositions in order to organize the federation, are also emphasized
Bosquelle, Dominique. "L' Allemagne au coeur de la politique culturelle de la France en Europe centrale et nordique dans l'entre-deux-guerres". Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10070.
Testo completoGonzález, Alemán Marianne. ""Virils et civilisés : citoyenneté et usages politiques de la rue à Buenos Aires (1928-1936)". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010549.
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