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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Polymérisation contrôlée par nitroxide"
YOUAN, Bi-Botti Celestin. "Systèmes nanoparticulaires : Applications phytopharmaceutiques et cosmétiques". Journal Africain de Technologie Pharmaceutique et Biopharmacie (JATPB) 2, n. 3 (20 dicembre 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.57220/jatpb.v2i3.116.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Polymérisation contrôlée par nitroxide"
Moreira, Guillaume. "Synthèse de copolymères greffés d'acétate de cellulose-g-PS par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4719.
Testo completoIn order to respond to the fossil resources depletion, a particular attention was paid to the use of renewable resources since several years. In this context, many researches focus on the use of polysaccharides such as cellulose. These compounds are attractive because of their abundance, low cost and biodegradability. On the other hand, these polymers suffer from weak mechanical resistance limiting their practical applications. Grafting synthetic polymers chains on these natural polymers is an alternative to this problem. Nevertheless, grafting strategies described in the literature involve certain limitations such as the difficulty of implementation, the toxicity of the used methods, the great number of synthesis steps or the control of molar mass. Moreover, the characterization of these complex architectures remains delicate in order to prove the covalent grafting of chains on the polysaccharide. In line with this research context, the topic of this thesis concerns the development of a robust method for cellulose acetate polymer grafting. Moreover, the selected method has to be easy to implement, with a possible application as a compatibilizer for blending of polystyrene and cellulose acetate. In order to achieve this purpose, our strategy is based on the use of Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (NMP) where particular attention was paid to the structural characterization of synthesized materials (solid state NMR, DOSY NMR, ESR, SEC of grafts, DLS and DSC)
Moreira, Guillaume. "Synthèse de copolymères greffés d'acétate de cellulose-g-PS par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4719.
Testo completoIn order to respond to the fossil resources depletion, a particular attention was paid to the use of renewable resources since several years. In this context, many researches focus on the use of polysaccharides such as cellulose. These compounds are attractive because of their abundance, low cost and biodegradability. On the other hand, these polymers suffer from weak mechanical resistance limiting their practical applications. Grafting synthetic polymers chains on these natural polymers is an alternative to this problem. Nevertheless, grafting strategies described in the literature involve certain limitations such as the difficulty of implementation, the toxicity of the used methods, the great number of synthesis steps or the control of molar mass. Moreover, the characterization of these complex architectures remains delicate in order to prove the covalent grafting of chains on the polysaccharide. In line with this research context, the topic of this thesis concerns the development of a robust method for cellulose acetate polymer grafting. Moreover, the selected method has to be easy to implement, with a possible application as a compatibilizer for blending of polystyrene and cellulose acetate. In order to achieve this purpose, our strategy is based on the use of Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (NMP) where particular attention was paid to the structural characterization of synthesized materials (solid state NMR, DOSY NMR, ESR, SEC of grafts, DLS and DSC)
Delplace, Vianney. "Synthèse de polymères vinyliques pégylés dégradables par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114835/document.
Testo completoNanomedicine, especially for cancer treatment, has attracted much interest over the last fifteen years, developing innovative strategies for targeting diseased tissues. Further improvements of these approaches will require advanced new materials affording versatility, functionalities and specific physico-chemical properties, all advantages offered by the controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques. These radical polymerizations already showed their great potential through various efficient anticancer polymer nanocarriers but all lacking of degradability, which may hinder any actual developments.Anticipating the needs, this project focused on the synthesis of degradable PEG-based polymers by nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), as an early stage in the usual process of nanocarrier design. To do so, NMP of oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (MeOEGMA) has been for the first time combined to the radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP) of various cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs), known as ester precursors.Among three CKAs tested, 2-methylene-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane (MPDL) has shown a unique ability to copolymerize with methacrylate derivatives, likely due to a styrene-like open structure allowing for its use in NMP. Through a careful study of the control and livingness properties of these copolymers, MPDL was also demonstrated to be the first degradable controlling comonomer for polymethacrylate synthesis. The degradability of the resulting PEG-based copolymers was proven to be proportional to the adjustable amount of MPDL inserted, up to complete degradation. These copolymers showed no cytotoxic effect on various cell types (fibroblasts, endothelial cells and macrophages), and an additional study of the innocuousness of their degradation products led to similar results, underlining their potential biocompatibility which, if confirmed, would allow these materials to be used for biomedical applications.A second project about a new azlactone-functionalized SG1-based alkoxyamine (AzSG1) was also set up, as initiator for the synthesis of functionalizable polymers by NMP. Using the AzSG1 alkoxyamine, the NMP of styrene, n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate were successfully performed, as well as a quantitative coupling of benzylamine as proof of concept. In the near future, making use of this functionalizable initiator for copolymerizing MeOEGMA with MPDL may allow the easy synthesis of functionalized degradable copolymers by NMP, for bioconjugation and drug delivery applications
Guegain, Elise. "Prodrogues Polymères Dégradables par Polymérisation Radicalaire par Ouverture de Cycle Contrôlée par les Nitroxydes". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS569.
Testo completoNitroxide-mediated radical ring-opening copolymerization of methacrylic esters and cyclic ketene acetals was investigated and enabled the synthesis of well-defined degradable vinyl copolymers containing ester groups along the main chain, whose amount was readily adjusted by changing the initial comonomer feed. More specifically, the copolymerizations of 2-methylene-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane (MPDL) and either oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) or methyl methacrylate (MMA) were initiated by an alkoxyamine initiator based on the SG1 nitroxide. It led to a library of P(OEGMA-co-MPDL) and P(MMA-co-MPDL) materials that were hydrolytically degraded under both accelerated and physiological conditions. Their hydrolytic degradation kinetics were also benchmarked against traditional polyesters (e.g., PLGA, PLA and PCL) where P(OEGMA-co-MPDL) copolymers showed tunable degradation rates as function of the MPDL content, being in between those of PLA and PCL. Conversely, the more hydrophobic P(MMA-co-MPDL) copolymers exhibited much slower hydrolysis than that of PCL. In a second step, a new class of degradable polymer prodrugs was developed by nitroxide-mediated radical ring-opening copolymerization of MPDL with OEGMA or MMA, from a drug-bearing initiator (‘drug-initiated’ method). To do so, Gemcitabine, an anticancer drug, was derivatized with a SG1-based alkoxyamine to initiate the copolymerization reaction. The resulting degradable polymer prodrugs exhibited interesting characteristics in terms of drug release and in vitro cytotoxicity, depending on the nature of the methacrylic ester used, the nature of the linker between the drug and the polymer and the MPDL content. This study enabled us to extract important structure-activity relationships of great importance for further development
Farcet, Céline. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes en miniémulsion aqueuse". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066133.
Testo completoBosson, Julien. "Photopolymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes : synthèse d'alcoxyamines photosensibles, études mécanistiques et applications". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4763.
Testo completoControlled radical photopolymerization represents a rapidly emerging field in material science. This process is characterized by important advantages and provides the possibility to prepare complex polymer architectures in mild conditions such as patterns. In recent years, the development of controlled radical photopolymerizations, such as RAFT, ATRP and NMP, is recognized as particularly interesting and powerful. In this context, we focused our research to the development of the NMP2 polymerization. In line with this research context, the topic of this thesis was to prepare alkoxyamines for a photochemical control. Particular attention has been focused on understanding the mechanism governing the process and structure/reactivity relationships. In addition, the best candidates were tested in NMP2 process and more particularly to the preparation of polymer patterns on surface. Finally, new approaches have been explored to perform NMP2 such as ESCP (Enhanced Spin Capturing Polymerization)
Bosson, Julien. "Photopolymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes : synthèse d'alcoxyamines photosensibles, études mécanistiques et applications". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4763/document.
Testo completoControlled radical photopolymerization represents a rapidly emerging field in material science. This process is characterized by important advantages and provides the possibility to prepare complex polymer architectures in mild conditions such as patterns. In recent years, the development of controlled radical photopolymerizations, such as RAFT, ATRP and NMP, is recognized as particularly interesting and powerful. In this context, we focused our research to the development of the NMP2 polymerization. In line with this research context, the topic of this thesis was to prepare alkoxyamines for a photochemical control. Particular attention has been focused on understanding the mechanism governing the process and structure/reactivity relationships. In addition, the best candidates were tested in NMP2 process and more particularly to the preparation of polymer patterns on surface. Finally, new approaches have been explored to perform NMP2 such as ESCP (Enhanced Spin Capturing Polymerization)
Chevalier, Céline. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes : applicabilité et développements nouveaux". Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12738.
Testo completoThis thesis is devoted to the study of the nitroxide mediated free-radical polymerization, system developed by ATOFINA company. Previous works showed that N-tert-butyl-1-diethyl phosphono-2,2-dimethyl propyl nitroxide (SG1) was very efficient in the controlled radical polymerization of styrene and acrylates. The initial purpose of this work dealt with the investigation of the impact of dilution on the control. Studies were conducted in order to determine the rate constant of recombination (kt) and the concentration of dead chains. In the next step we developed a new method to remove the alkoxyamine extremity of the polymers with a perspective towards an industrial application for such polymerizations. This has been achieved with the aid of a-methylstyrene above its ceiling temperature. This monomer surprisingly entails a chain reversible coupling which was precisely studied in the third chapter. Then, we showed that a-methylstyrene and its derivatives are able to behave as a controlling agent of the free radical copolymerizations via this mechanism
Dire, Charlotte. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée du méthacrylate de méthyle par le nitroxyde SG1 en émulsion". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066036.
Testo completoThe nitroxide SG1-mediated polymerization of methyl methacrylate can be achieved at 90 °C with high conversion and high quality of control by introducing a small amount of styrene. Chainend analysis of the resulting copolymers has shown the presence of SG1-based alkoxyamine, supporting the livingness of the macromolecules. In particular, it was shown that the alkoxyamine endgroup was connected to a single styrene terminal unit and that the methyl methacrylate penultimate unit had a strong effect on the temperature of dissociation. Consequently, the polymerization of methyl methacrylate with a low molar proportion of styrene could be performed at temperatures below 90 °C. It was moreover demonstrated that -hydrogen transfer from propagating PMMA radical to the nitroxide SG1 cannot be completely ruled out and the rate constant was determined to be kHtr = 1. 69 103 L. Mol-1. S-1. The copolymerization strategy was then successfully applied to the polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) and the resulting living P(MAA-co-S)-SG1 copolymers were further used as water-soluble macroinitiators for the surfactant-free, ab initio, batch, emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and styrene, in alkaline conditions at temperature below 90 °C. The polymerizations were well-controlled, with a very high initiating efficiency, due to the high dissociation rate constant of the macroalkoxyamines. It led to the in situ formation of amphiphilic block copolymers that self-assembled into small particules with diameter below 100 nm, according to a polymerization-induced micellization process
Groison, Émilie. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes en émulsion sans tensioactif pour le développement industriel de latex à morphologies variées". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10204/document.
Testo completoWater-soluble, SG1-based macroalkoxyamines composed of methacrylic acid with a low percentage of sodium 4-styrene sulfonate were synthesized in aqueous solution. These macroalkoxyamines were used as macroinitiators in the surfactant-free emulsion polymerization ofmethyl methacrylate or n-butyl methacrylate with a low percentage of styrene. The polymerization induced self-assembly of the so-formed amphiphilic block copolymers leads to nanoobjects with various morphologies (spheres, fibers, vesicles), depending on their hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance. The most interesting morphology is the nanofiber type of organization as the suspensions presentshear-thinning properties at low concentration and viscoelastic behavior at high concentration. The synthesis of these latexes was investigated and developed in one-pot conditions in order to allow further production at the industrial scale