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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Predators"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 25 luglio 2025

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1

Hillesland, Kristina L., Gregory J. Velicer, and Richard E. Lenski. "Experimental evolution of a microbial predator's ability to find prey." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1656 (2008): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1098.

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Foraging theory seeks to explain how the distribution and abundance of prey influence the evolution of predatory behaviour, including the allocation of effort to searching for prey and handling them after they are found. While experiments have shown that many predators alter their behaviour phenotypically within individual lifetimes, few have examined the actual evolution of predatory behaviour in light of this theory. Here, we test the effects of prey density on the evolution of a predator's searching and handling behaviours using a bacterial predator, Myxococcus xanthus . Sixteen predator po

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Daniell, Tara L., Mark N. Hutchinson, Phil Ainsley, and Michael G. Gardner. "Recognition of reptile predator scent is innate in an endangered lizard species." Australian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 2 (2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo20064.

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Chemical cues can alert prey to the presence of predators before the predator is within visual proximity. Recognition of a predator’s scent is therefore an important component of predator awareness. We presented predator and control scents to wild, wild-born captive, and predator-naive captive-born pygmy bluetongue lizards to determine (1) whether lizards respond to reptile chemical cues differently from controls, (2) whether captive lizards respond more strongly to a known predator than to other predatory reptiles, (3) whether captive-born lizards recognise predators innately, whether captive

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3

Mogali, Santosh M., Srinivas K. Saidapur, and Bhagyashri A. Shanbhag. "Behavioral responses of tadpoles of Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Anura: Bufonidae) to cues of starved and fed dragonfly larvae." Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology 19, no. 1 (2020): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v19i1p93-98.

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Behavioral responses of tadpoles of Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Anura: Bufonidae) to cues of starved and fed dragonfly larvae. Tadpoles of Duttaphrynus melanostictus use chemoreception to detect kairomonal cues and excretory metabolites from predatory anuran tadpoles (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus) that consume them. We describe here the behavioral responses of tadpoles of D. melanostictus to predatory dragonfly larvae (Pantala flavescens). The predator’s kairomones (water conditioned by the starved predator) or its diet-derived metabolites released in excreta of predator after consumption of consp

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4

Ferrari, Maud C. O., Adega Gonzalo, François Messier, and Douglas P. Chivers. "Generalization of learned predator recognition: an experimental test and framework for future studies." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1620 (2007): 1853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0297.

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While some prey species possess an innate recognition of their predators, others require learning to recognize their predators. The specific characteristics of the predators that prey learn and whether prey can generalize this learning to similar predatory threats have been virtually ignored. Here, we investigated whether fathead minnows that learned to chemically recognize a specific predator species as a threat has the ability to generalize their recognition to closely related predators. We found that minnows trained to recognize the odour of a lake trout as a threat (the reference predator)

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5

Liu, Mingxiu, Mian Wang, Yuzhen Nima, et al. "Intraguild Prey Served as Alternative Prey for Intraguild Predators in a Reciprocal Predator Guild between Neoseiulus barkeri and Scolothrips takahashii." Insects 14, no. 6 (2023): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14060561.

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The predatory mites Neoseiulus barkeri (Hughes) and the predatory thrips Scolothrips takahashii (Priesner) are known as potential biocontrol agents for the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch). These two predator species occur simultaneously on crops in agricultural ecosystems and are proved to be involved in life-stage specific intraguild predation. The intraguild prey may play a role in securing the persistence of the intraguild predators during food shortage periods. To understand the potential of intraguild prey as food source for intraguild predators in the N. barkeri and S.

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6

MacDonald, F. H., G. P. Walker, N. J. Larsen, and A. R. Wallace. "Naturally occurring predators of Bactericera cockerelli in potatoes." New Zealand Plant Protection 63 (August 1, 2010): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2010.63.6583.

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In recent intensive sampling of insecticidefree potatoes at Pukekohe several insect predators and spiders have been found in association with the new pest Bactericera cockerelli tomatopotato psyllid (TPP) Micromus tasmaniae (brown lacewing) Melanostoma fasciatum (small hover fly) Coccinella undecimpunctata (11spotted ladybird) and sheet web spiders (Linyphiidae) were collected from potatoes at Pukekohe Research Station and reared in the laboratory to assess their potential as predators against TPP nymphs Individual predators were presented every 24 h to a maximum of 10 TPP nymphs of different

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7

Mendes, Jairo A., Debora B. Lima, Eduardo P. Sousa Neto, Manoel G. C. Gondim Jr, and Jose Wagner S. Melo. "Functional response of Amblyseius largoensis to Raoiella indica eggs is mediated by previous feeding experience." Systematic and Applied Acarology 23, no. 10 (2018): 1907. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.10.3.

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The mechanisms involved in the acceptance and choice of prey by predatory mites are still poorly understood. The present study was designed to determine whether previous feeding experience of Amblyseius largoensis (Muma) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) eggs could influence the predator’s functional response and related parameters. The consumption of R. indica eggs by experienced and naïve female A. largoensis was evaluated under increasing densities of eggs. Regardless of the predators’ previous experience, a gradual increase in the number of eggs consumed

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8

Mirza, Reehan S., and Douglas P. Chivers. "Predator diet cues and the assessment of predation risk by juvenile brook charr: do diet cues enhance survival?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no. 1 (2003): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-225.

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Abstract (sommario):

Recent studies have shown that predator diet cues provide important information that prey animals can use to assess predation risk. Predator-naïve prey animals may even learn to recognize unknown predators when they detect conspecific cues in the predator's diet. We examined the importance of predator diet cues in the responses of juvenile brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) to chemical cues of predators. In our first experiment, we showed that charr respond to chemical cues of adult yellow perch (Perca flavescens) that were fed a diet of either brook charr or rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykis

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9

Mogali M., Santosh, Bhagyashri Shanbhag A., and Srinivas Saidapur K. "Antipredator Behavioural Responses of Tadpoles of the Indian Painted Frog Uperodon taprobanicus (Parker, 1934) (Microhylidae) to Kairomones from the Predatory Tadpoles of the Indian Bullfrog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Daudin, 1803) (Dicroglossidae)." Acta zoologica bulgarica 76, no. 4 (2024): 513. https://doi.org/10.71424/azb76.4.002787.

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Abstract (sommario):

In aquatic systems, many prey animals, including anuran tadpoles, predominantly use chemical cues to assess predation threat. In such systems, an array of chemical cues (e.g., kairomones, alarm, dietary) affects the behavioural responses of the prey tadpoles. The study on the behavioural responses of tadpoles belongs to the family Microhylidae to predators are very less hence the outcome of this study will provide a novel information in the field of behavioural ecology of anuran tadpoles with reference to prey-predator interactions. The behavioural responses of tadpoles of Indian painted frog

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Brown, Joel S., Keren Embar, Eric Hancock, and Burt P. Kotler. "Predators risk injury too: the evolution of derring-do in a predator–prey foraging game." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 62, no. 3-4 (2016): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15659801.2016.1207298.

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Derring-do is how aggressive a predator is in stalking and capturing prey. We model predator–prey interactions in which prey adjust vigilance behavior to mitigate risk of predation and predators their derring-do to manage risk of injury from capturing prey. High derring-do increases a predator's likelihood of capturing prey, but at higher risk of injury to itself. For fixed predator derring-do, prey increase vigilance in response to predator abundance, predator lethality, and predator encounter probability with prey and decrease vigilance with their own feeding rate; there is a humped-shaped r

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11

Brooker, Rohan M., and Danielle L. Dixson. "Comparable cross-taxa risk perception by means of chemical cues in marine and freshwater crustaceans." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 4 (2017): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16062.

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Rapid identification of predation risk and modification of subsequent behaviour is essential for prey survival. In low-visibility aquatic environments, chemical cues emitted by hetero- and conspecific organisms may be an important information source if they identify risk or alternatively, indicate safety or resource availability. This study tested whether ecologically similar shrimp from disparate habitats have a comparable ability to identify predators from a range of taxa based on chemical cues. Shrimp from both temperate marine (Palaemon affinis) and tropical freshwater habitats (Caridina t

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12

Cooper, Scott D., Daniel W. Smith, and James R. Bence. "Prey Selection by Freshwater Predators with Different Foraging Strategies." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 11 (1985): 1720–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-216.

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We observed several freshwater predators, including the odonate larvae Pachydiplax longipennis and Anax junius, the hemipterans Notonecta unifasciata and Buenoa scimitra, the dytiscid larva Acilius semisulcatus, and juvenile Gambusia affinis, feeding on a variety of microcrustacean prey and determined the frequency of the component parts of predator–prey interactions (encounter, attack, capture, ingestion). Encounter rates were the most important determinant of predator selectivity when predators were presented with a variety of microcrustacean prey. When only copepod species were used as prey

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13

Chakraborty, Deep Chandan. "Dynamics of Predator-prey Interactions in Sharp Tooth Catfish (Clarias gariepinus; Burchell, 1822) and Carp Fingerlings (Labeo bata; Hamilton, 1822) with Special Reference to the Development of Anti-Predatory Strategies." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 46, no. 1 (2025): 227–36. https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2025/v46i14757.

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This study explores the dynamics of predator-prey interactions and functional response of Clarias gariepinus (African Magur/Sharptooth Catfish - predator) and of Labeo bata (Carp fingerlings - prey). Author investigated the behavioral patterns of both species in isolation and during encounters, exploring the impacts of predator size, prey-predator ratio, encounter duration and placement of separators on anti-predatory strategies. Results indicated that prey behavior is influenced by predator presence, with crowding, hiding, and inspection emerging as key anti-predatory strategies. The developm

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14

HE, MINGFENG, PU LI, and CHANGQUAN NI. "MODEL ODOR-ORIENTED PREDATORS AND PREY." International Journal of Modern Physics C 17, no. 05 (2006): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183106009217.

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The model of predators and prey, in which the predator judges the direction of prey's movement on the basis of the density of prey's odor will be researched in this article. The predator' s sensitivity to prey's odor is defined, so that can be simulated by Monte Carlo in L × L. It suggests the relationship between system stability and each value of Predator's sensitivity. We get three system states for different value of α (predator's sensitivity): the grass only, prey and the grass, three species in coexistence, with predators, prey and grass. But the probability of each system state is diffe

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15

Buitenhuis, R., L. Shipp, and C. Scott-Dupree. "Intra-guild vs extra-guild prey: effect on predator fitness and preference of Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) and Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 100, no. 2 (2009): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485309006944.

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AbstractThe relationships between the predatory mites, Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) and Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), and their prey, western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), were investigated to determine the effects of predation on intra-guild or extra-guild prey and predator preference. Life history characteristics of both predatory mites were measured when fed eggs and larvae of the other predator species and compared to data obtained when the predators were fed thrips larvae. In addition, choice tests were cond

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16

Thompson, Kevin A., Selina S. Heppell, and Grant G. Thompson. "The effects of temperature and predator densities on the consumption of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) by three groundfish in the Gulf of Alaska." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71, no. 8 (2014): 1123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0260.

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Many multispecies models have assumed that prey density determines per-capita predator consumption rates, following a functional response relationship. However, empirical evidence suggests that a predator’s diet can also be influenced by a variety of environmental factors, including interactions with other predators. We used diet and abundance data from National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) bottom trawl surveys for three groundfish predators (Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis), and sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria)) in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) to deter

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17

Mogali, Santosh M., Bhagyashri A. Shanbhag, and Srinivas K. Saidapur. "Behavioral responses of laboratory-reared and wild-caught Polypedates maculatus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) tadpoles to dietary cues from the carnivorous tadpoles of Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Anura: Dicroglossidae)." Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology 22, no. 1 (2023): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v22i1p3-10.

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    The behavioral responses of laboratory-reared and wild-caught tadpoles of Polypedates maculatus to predatory tadpoles of Hoplobatrachus tigerinus were studied in the laboratory. The predator’s diet-derived metabolites released in excreta of predator after consumption of P. maculatus tadpoles were used to simulate predation threat. Both laboratory-reared and wild-caught tadpoles of P. maculatus showed antipredator behavioral responses i.e., reduced swimming movements and overall time spent in swimming and had a higher burst speed in response to water borne dietary cu

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Thorp, Corey J., Mhairi E. Alexander, James R. Vonesh, and John Measey. "Size-dependent functional response of Xenopus laevis feeding on mosquito larvae." PeerJ 6 (October 26, 2018): e5813. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5813.

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Predators can play an important role in regulating prey abundance and diversity, determining food web structure and function, and contributing to important ecosystem services, including the regulation of agricultural pests and disease vectors. Thus, the ability to predict predator impact on prey is an important goal in ecology. Often, predators of the same species are assumed to be functionally equivalent, despite considerable individual variation in predator traits known to be important for shaping predator–prey interactions, like body size. This assumption may greatly oversimplify our unders

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Olson, Randal S., Arend Hintze, Fred C. Dyer, David B. Knoester, and Christoph Adami. "Predator confusion is sufficient to evolve swarming behaviour." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 85 (2013): 20130305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0305.

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Swarming behaviours in animals have been extensively studied owing to their implications for the evolution of cooperation, social cognition and predator–prey dynamics. An important goal of these studies is discerning which evolutionary pressures favour the formation of swarms. One hypothesis is that swarms arise because the presence of multiple moving prey in swarms causes confusion for attacking predators, but it remains unclear how important this selective force is. Using an evolutionary model of a predator–prey system, we show that predator confusion provides a sufficient selection pressure

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L.A., Escudero-Colomar, Creus E., Chorąży A., and Walzer A. "Intraguild aggressiveness between an alien and a native predatory mite." Systematic and Applied Acarology 24, no. 11 (2019): 2094–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.11.5.

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The predatory mite Amblydromalus limonicus, non-native in Europe, can be used legally in several European countries as greenhouse biocontrol agent against thrips species, although this species is also able to feed on whiteflies and gall mites. The first record of the unintended occurrence of A. limonicus in apple orchards in Europe comes from Catalonia (Spain), where A. limonicus is well established in the native predatory mite community since 2011. The dominant species in this community is Amblyseius andersoni, which has a similar life-style as A. limonicus (large, aggressive predator with br

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21

Beattie, Molly C., and Paul A. Moore. "Predator recognition of chemical cues in crayfish: diet and experience influence the ability to detect predation threats." Behaviour 155, no. 6 (2018): 505–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003501.

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AbstractAquatic prey often alter their morphology, physiology, and/or behaviour when presented with predatory chemical cues which are heavily influenced by the diet of the predator. We tested the roles that diet and prey familiarity with predators play in the ability of prey to recognize predator threats. Odours from two fish, bass and cichlid fed a vegetarian, protein, heterospecific, and a conspecific diet, were collected and presented to virile crayfish in a choice arena. Our results show that crayfish altered their behaviour in the presence of odours containing conspecific, as opposed to h

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22

El Balaa, Rayan, and Gabriel Blouin-Demers. "Does exposure to cues of fish predators fed different diets affect morphology and performance of Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens) larvae?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 91, no. 4 (2013): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2012-0232.

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Phenotypic plasticity allows animals to change their morphological and life-history traits when exposed to predator cues, which modifies performance and can enhance survival but engender costs. Thus, the extent of plastic changes should vary in relation to the perceived risk of predation. We tested the hypothesis that plastic changes in morphology (and their effect on performance) and life history of developing Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens (Schreber, 1782)) larvae vary when exposed to cues of fish predators fed different diets. During development, we exposed tadpoles to control cu

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23

Tull, Debra S., and Katrin Böhning-Gaese. "Patterns of drilling predation on gastropods of the family Turritellidae in the Gulf of California." Paleobiology 19, no. 4 (1993): 476–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300014093.

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Predatory marine snails and their prey provide a unique look at many aspects of predation events, allowing behavioral inference and studies of coevolution. This study examines differential predation patterns, rates, and success of two co-occurring gastropod predator families which drill two co-occurring species of Turritella (Turritellidae: Gastropoda) in the Gulf of California. Both naticid and muricid predators, identified by the shapes of their respective boreholes, attacked the thinner-shelled Turritella leucostoma more frequently than the thicker-shelled Turritella gonostoma. Both species

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Gu, Xin-yao, Guang-yun Li, and Zhi-qiang Zhang. "Indirect effects in predator-prey interaction: development and predation rates by immature Neoseiulus cucumeris increased by odour from its prey (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) ." Systematic and Applied Acarology 25, no. 7 (2020): 1247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.25.7.7.

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Predator-prey interactions have long been of great interest to ecologists. Although the direct consumptive effects have received extensive research, indirect influences of odour derived from their conspecifics and prey on predators have largely been underestimated and overlooked. In this study, the indirect effects of predator-prey interactions were determined with predatory mites Neoseiulus cucumeris and its factitious prey Tyrophagus putrescentiae. The responses of immature N. cucumeris to mixed odour with their conspecifics and prey were determined in a laboratory experiment. Our results sh

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Vermeij, Geerat J. "Evolution in the Consumer Age: Predators and the History of Life." Paleontological Society Papers 8 (October 2002): 375–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600001169.

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Three properties of predation make this form of consumption an important agency of evolution: universality (all species have predators), high frequency (encounters of prey with predators test both parties often), and imperfection (many predatory attacks fail, enabling antipredatory selection to take place). On long time scales, predators have two principal effects: they influence their victims' phenotypes, and prey species that are highly vulnerable to all phases of predatory attacks are evolutionarily restricted to environments where predators are rarely encountered. Although predator and pre

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Folt, Brian, and Craig Guyer. "Habitat-dependent effects of predatory spiders on prey frogs in a Neotropical wet forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 37, no. 5 (2021): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467421000274.

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AbstractIn seasonal wet Neotropical forests, many studies have suggested that species-rich terrestrial frog assemblages are regulated bottom-up by the abundance of leaf litter. However, terrestrial frogs are prey to a diverse community of predators, and no studies have tested for top-down effects of predators on this or other anuran assemblages. Here, we used an extensive field dataset to model the relative contribution of food resources, microhabitat resources and predators towards the occupancy and detection of two frog species (Craugastor bransfordii and Oophaga pumilio) at La Selva, Costa

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Kent, Maud I. A., James E. Herbert-Read, Gordon McDonald, A. Jamie Wood, and Ashley J. W. Ward. "Fine-scale behavioural adjustments of prey on a continuum of risk." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1903 (2019): 20190448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0448.

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In the wild, prey species often live in the vicinity of predators, rendering the ability to assess risk on a moment-to-moment basis crucial to survival. Visual cues are important as they allow prey to assess predator species, size, proximity and behaviour. However, few studies have explicitly examined prey's ability to assess risk based on predator behaviour and orientation. Using mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki , and their predator, jade perch, Scortum barcoo , under controlled conditions, we provide some of the first fine-scale characterization of how prey adapt their behaviour according to

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Dunlap, Kent D., Alex Tran, Michael A. Ragazzi, Rüdiger Krahe, and Vielka L. Salazar. "Predators inhibit brain cell proliferation in natural populations of electric fish, Brachyhypopomus occidentalis." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1824 (2016): 20152113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2113.

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Compared with laboratory environments, complex natural environments promote brain cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Predators are one important feature of many natural environments, but, in the laboratory, predatory stimuli tend to inhibit brain cell proliferation. Often, laboratory predatory stimuli also elevate plasma glucocorticoids, which can then reduce brain cell proliferation. However, it is unknown how natural predators affect cell proliferation or whether glucocorticoids mediate the neurogenic response to natural predators. We examined brain cell proliferation in six populations of

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Elvidge, Chris K., and Grant E. Brown. "Visual and Chemical Prey Cues as Complementary Predator Attractants in a Tropical Stream Fish Assemblage." International Journal of Zoology 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/510920.

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To date, little attention has been devoted to possible complementary effects of multiple forms of public information similar information on the foraging behaviour of predators. In order to examine how predators may incorporate multiple information sources, we conducted a series of predator attraction trials in the Lower Aripo River, Trinidad. Four combinations of visual (present or absent) and chemical cues (present or absent) from each of two prey species were presented. The occurrences of three locally abundant predatory species present within a 1 m radius of cue introduction sites were reco

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Priyadarshana, Tharaka Sudesh. "Do predatory adult odonates estimate their adult prey odonates’ body size and dispersal ability to proceed with a successful attack?" Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 7 (2021): 18949–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7198.13.7.18949-18952.

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Predator-prey encounters are one of the most challenging behaviors that animals engage in and play a key role in structuring trophic linkages within food webs. Empirical studies suggest that predators (except pathogens, parasites, and parasitoids) tend to be larger in body size and have better dispersal ability than their prey items; however, when predators prey upon members of the same taxonomic group, it is unclear whether such relationships exist between predators and their prey items since both groups may have similar body sizes and dispersal abilities. Adult odonates can be used to test t

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Wikenros, Camilla, Dries P. J. Kuijper, Robert Behnke, and Krzysztof Schmidt. "Behavioural responses of ungulates to indirect cues of an ambush predator." Behaviour 152, no. 7-8 (2015): 1019–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003266.

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Ambush predators provide more persistent cues of predation risk compared to coursing predators and are predicted to exert stronger effects on behaviour of their prey. We studied anti-predator responses of ungulates by means of camera traps to an olfactory cue (fresh scat) of an ambush predator, the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) both important prey species for lynx were not more vigilant when exposed to lynx scent, but reduced their visitation duration. Our results contrast with previously reported responses of red deer to scent from a c

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Epp, Kristen J. "Threat sensitivity in the San Marcos salamander: effects of predator diet and prey experience." Behaviour 150, no. 6 (2013): 617–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003073.

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Abstract (sommario):

Prey must constantly balance foraging and predator avoidance demands. Avoidance response efficiency may be improved when prey match the intensity of their avoidance behaviours to a perceived level of predatory threat (threat sensitivity). Additionally, experience with predators may influence the intensity of avoidance responses. I examined the possibility that experience with predators in the natural habitat would influence threat sensitive avoidance behaviours of an aquatic salamander, Eurycea nana, by comparing the intensity of avoidance responses to predators that had been fed a neutral die

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33

Sario, Sara, Conceição Santos, Fátima Gonçalves, and Laura Torres. "DNA screening of Drosophila suzukii predators in berry field orchards shows new predatory taxonomical groups." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0249673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249673.

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Abstract (sommario):

Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila, SWD) is a pandemic quarantine pest that attacks mostly red fruits. The high number of life cycles per year, its ability to rapidly invade and spread across new habitats, and highly polyphagous nature, makes this a particularly aggressive invasive species, for which efficient control methods are currently lacking. The use of native natural predators is particularly promising to anchor sustainable and efficient measures to control SWD. While several field studies have suggested the presence of potential predatory species in infested orchards, only a f

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34

Weissburg, Marc, and Jeffrey Beauvais. "The smell of success: the amount of prey consumed by predators determines the strength and range of cascading non-consumptive effects." PeerJ 3 (November 19, 2015): e1426. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1426.

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Abstract (sommario):

We examined whether chemically mediated risk perception by prey and the effects of changes in prey behavior on basal resources vary as a function of the amount of prey biomass consumed by the predator. We studied these issues using a tritrophic system composed of blue crabs,Callinectes sapidus(top predator), mud crabsPanopeus herbstii(intermediate prey), and oystersCrassostrea virginica(basal resource). Working in a well characterized field environment where experiments preserve natural patterns of water flow, we found that biomass consumed by a predator determines the range, intensity and nat

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35

Karindah, Sri. "Predation of Five Generalist Predators on Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål)." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 8, no. 2 (2015): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.8.2.55-62.

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Abstract (sommario):

Two generalist predators of brown planthopper,Metioche vittaticollis and Anaxipha longipennis (Gryllidae) have not been much studied in Indonesia. This research was conducted to study and compare the predatory ability of M. vittaticollis, A. longipennis (Gryllidae) and three coleopterans, Paederus fuscipes (Staphylinidae), Ophionea sp. (Carabidae),and Micraspis sp. (Coccinellidae) against brown planthopper (fourth and fifth instars) under laboratory condition. In total, 20 nymphs of N. lugens were exposed for 2 hour to each predator for 5 consecutive days. Prey consumptions by the predatory cr

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36

Lenhart, Paul A., Kelly A. Jackson, and Jennifer A. White. "Heritable variation in prey defence provides refuge for subdominant predators." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1879 (2018): 20180523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0523.

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Abstract (sommario):

Generalist predators with broadly overlapping niches commonly coexist on seemingly identical sets of prey. Here, we provide empirical demonstration that predators can differentially exploit fine-grained niches generated by variable, heritable and selective defences within a single prey species. Some, but not all, clones of the aphid Aphis craccivora are toxic towards the dominant invasive predatory ladybeetle, Harmonia axyridis . However, other less competitive ladybeetle species are not affected by the aphid's toxic trait. In laboratory and open field experiments, we show: (i) that subdominan

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37

Catania, S. V. L., J. Koprivnikar, and S. J. McCauley. "Size-dependent predation alters interactions between parasites and predators." Canadian Journal of Zoology 94, no. 9 (2016): 631–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2016-0088.

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Abstract (sommario):

Increasing evidence indicates that parasites play an important role within many systems as prey for higher trophic levels. Predation on parasites can decrease their numbers and may affect host infection rates. Cercariae, a free-living infectious stage of trematode parasites, are abundant in freshwater systems and are directly consumed by a number of freshwater predators. However, few studies have tested whether predators exhibit a preference for cercariae when alternative prey are available or how these preferences vary across predator body sizes. We assessed whether dragonfly larvae (dot-tail

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38

Syahrawati, M., R. Hidayat, Arneti, and Hidrayani. "Lethal competition on joint predators during suppressing brown planthopper population." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1306, no. 1 (2024): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1306/1/012005.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Joint predator is one technique to control brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) in the rice field by combining two or more predator species having a positive interaction. This study aims to determine the effect of joint predator density (Pardosa pseudoannulata and Phidippus sp) on competition and its predatory rate in suppressing the N.lugens population. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) by combining P. pseudoannulata or Pp (1,2,3 individuals) and Phidippus sp or Ps (1,2,3 individuals) to become Pp1Ps1, Pp1Ps2, Pp1Ps3, Pp2Ps1, Pp2Ps2, Pp2Ps3, Pp3Ps1, Pp3Ps2, Pp3Ps3

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39

Langi, Yohanes. "Analisis Kestabilan Model Interaksi Dua Pemangsa-Satu Mangsa Dengan Daya Dukung Lingkungan Pada Sistem Mangsa." d'CARTESIAN 2, no. 2 (2013): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/dc.2.2.2013.3809.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstrak Interaction on every living in this world have positive effect, negative. Effect, and also have no effect to other living things. This paper would talk about interaction model between two predators-one prey with environmental support to predator system which based on Lotka-Volterra model. Model arranged by variable R (number of predators), H (number of main predators), C (number of predators which commensalisms to H), u (predators grow up level R), v (predatorily level C), w (predatorily level H), (conversion efficiently C), (conversion efficiently H), x (predator’s deadly level C), y

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40

Gallagher, Austin J., Michael J. Lawrence, Sofia M. R. Jain-Schlaepfer, Alexander D. M. Wilson, and Steven J. Cooke. "Avian predators transmit fear along the air–water interface influencing prey and their parental care." Canadian Journal of Zoology 94, no. 12 (2016): 863–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2016-0164.

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Abstract (sommario):

The nonconsumptive consequences of predators on prey behavior, survival, and demography have recently garnered significant attention by ecologists. However, the impacts of top predators on free-ranging prey are challenging to evaluate because the most common fright response for prey is to leave the area of risk. Additionally, the top-down impacts of avian predators on aquatic environments are surprisingly overlooked. Here we investigated the nonconsumptive effects of avian predators on parental care in pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus (L., 1758)) through use of a realistic model of a predatory bi

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41

Putra, Ichsan Luqmana Indra, Novia Saphira Prakusya, and Defi Yuliasari. "Insect predator of spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith in Sleman and Gunungkidul regency, Indonesia." International Research Journal of Insect Sciences 8, no. 1 (2023): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/irjis.v8i1.3278.

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Abstract (sommario):

This research was conducted to identify and found the abundance of predatory insect species of S. frugiperda in Sleman and Gunungkidul Regencies, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. This research was conducted in June 2021 - March 2022 on corn plantations in Sleman and Gunungkidul Regencies. Determination of the sampling location was determined by stratified random sampling. Corn land used in sampling was determined by purposive. Insect predator caught by using sweeping net and hand picking. The results showed that there are 3 orders, 8 families, and 16 species of insect predators. 3 orders of the

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42

Mirza, Reehan S., and Douglas P. Chivers. "Predator-recognition training enhances survival of brook trout: evidence from laboratory and field-enclosure studies." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 12 (2000): 2198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-164.

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Abstract (sommario):

In this study we tested whether brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) can learn to recognise predators through releaser-induced recognition learning and whether this learning enhances survival of trout during encounters with a predator. In our initial experiment, we exposed hatchery-reared predator-naïve brook trout to chemical stimuli from predatory chain pickerel (Esox niger) paired with alarm signals released by damaged trout, disturbance signals, or distilled water. In subsequent tests 24 h later, when only pickerel odour was presented, trout conditioned with damage-released alarm signals ex

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43

Riyanto, Riyanto, Siti Herlinda, Chandra Irsan, and Abu Umayah. "KELIMPAHAN DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES SERANGGA PREDATOR DAN PARASITOID Aphis gossypii DI SUMATERA SELATAN." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 11, no. 1 (2011): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11157-68.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study was aimed to analysis abundance and species diversity of predatory insects and parasitoid of Aphis gossypii from lowland and highland areas of South Sumatra. Survey of was conducted in 11 vegetable centers of South Sumatra. The results showed that 20 species of predatory insects and 3 species of parasitoids were found from the survey. The predatory insects consisted of 15 species of coccinellid beetles, two species of syrphids, and one species of chamaemyiid, mantid and staphylinid. Parasitoid found were 2 species of Aphidiidae (Diaretiella rapae and Aphidius sp.) and a species of A

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44

Wagner, E. A., and P. A. Zani. "Escape behavior of Side-blotched Lizards (Uta stansburiana) in response to model predators." Canadian Journal of Zoology 95, no. 12 (2017): 965–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2016-0255.

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Abstract (sommario):

Few field studies have tested for geographic variation in escape behavior and even fewer have examined responses of prey to multiple predators despite most prey occurring in multipredator environments. We performed 458 escape trials on Side-blotched Lizards (Uta stansburiana Baird and Girard, 1852) from 10 populations that differed in predator abundances. We quantified escape behavior of Side-blotched Lizards when approached with one of two model predators: a lizard (Great Basin Collared Lizard (Crotaphytus bicinctores N.M. Smith and Tanner, 1972)) or a snake (Western Yellow-bellied Racer (Col

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45

Omkar, Geetanjali Mishra, Bhupendra Kumar, Neha Singh, and Garima Pandey. "Risks associated with tandem release of large and small ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in heterospecific aphidophagous guilds." Canadian Entomologist 146, no. 1 (2013): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2013.56.

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Abstract (sommario):

AbstractMultiple interactions occurring within aphidophagous guilds determine their final predation outcomes, i.e., antagonistic, additive, or synergistic. Based on these predatory outcomes, the suitability of guilds in suppressing aphid pests is determined. The present study assesses the efficacy of 11 guilds, formed from both larval and adult stages of four locally abundant aphidophagous coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), while exploiting the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The observed antagonistic effects within these guilds are resultants of enhanced p

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46

Demšar, Jure, and Iztok Lebar Bajec. "Simulated Predator Attacks on Flocks: A Comparison of Tactics." Artificial Life 20, no. 3 (2014): 343–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00135.

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Abstract (sommario):

It is not exactly known why birds aggregate in coordinated flocks. The most common hypothesis proposes that the reason is protection from predators. Most of the currently developed examples of individual-based predator-prey models assume predators are attracted to the center of a highly coordinated flock. This proposed attraction of a predator to a flock would appear to be contradictory to an alternate hypothesis that flocks evolved as a protection against predation. In an attempt to resolve this apparent conflict, in this article we use a fuzzy individual-based model to study three attack tac

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47

Sarkar, Shovon Chandra, Stephen Paul Milroy, and Wei Xu. "A Preliminary Study on Identifying the Predator Community of Invasive Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) and Developing Molecular Identification Tools for Testing Field Predation." Insects 16, no. 2 (2025): 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16020179.

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Abstract (sommario):

The tomato potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is a significant insect pest of Solanaceae. In early 2017, it was first detected in Perth, Western Australia. The objective of this work was to identify predator species of B. cockerelli occurring in fields of Solanaceae in Western Australia. Predatory insects and arachnids were sampled using sweep netting in some of the major Solanaceae-growing regions in the south-west of Western Australia in 2021 and 2022. Several laboratory feeding trials were conducted to develop PCR primers that could detect the DNA of B. cockerelli

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48

Mogali, Santosh M., Bhagyashri A. Shanbhag, and Srinivas K. Saidapur. "Behavioral responses of tadpoles of Clinotarsus curtipes (Anura: Ranidae) to odor cues of dragonfly larvae." Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology 22, no. 1 (2023): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v22i1p11-20.

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Abstract (sommario):

    In aquatic environments, many prey animals, including anuran larvae, predominantly use chemical cues to assess predation risk. In such systems, a variety of chemical cues (e.g., kairomones, alarm, dietary) affect the behavioral responses of the prey tadpoles. Many anuran tadpoles are able to discriminate different chemical cues and exhibit differential antipredator behavioral responses according to the perceived risk. The behavioral responses of tadpoles of Clinotarsus curtipes to predatory larvae of the dragonfly Pantala flavescens were studied in the laboratory. T

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49

Pratiwi, Vinny, Rika Yusli Harta, Zaitun Ritaqwin, and Fuja Yarni. "Inventarisasi Predator Pada Intercroping Kopi Dan Cabai Rawit Di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah." Jurnal Sains Pertanian (JSP) 8, no. 2 (2024): 73–77. https://doi.org/10.51179/jsp.v8i2.2617.

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Abstract (sommario):

Coffee plants are annual plants and chili plants are seasonal plants that can usually grow together. The morphology of coffee and chili plants consists of several main components, namely consisting of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds so as to optimize the implementation of this research conducted in Pedemun Village, Lut Tawar District, Central Aceh Regency from March to April 2023. This research was conducted using descriptive survey method. Sampling was determined by purposive sampling using 4 types of traps, namely yellow plate traps, net traps, sweet juice and pheromones. Ins

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50

Dale, Jonathan J., Carl G. Meyer, and Christian E. Clark. "The Ecology of Coral Reef Top Predators in the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument." Journal of Marine Biology 2011 (2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/725602.

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Abstract (sommario):

Coral reef habitats in the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM) are characterized by abundant top-level predators such as sharks and jacks. The predator assemblage is dominated both numerically and in biomass by giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis) and Galapagos sharks (Carcharhinus galapagensis). A lower diversity of predatory teleosts, particularly groupers and snappers, distinguishes the PMNM from other remote, unfished atolls in the Pacific. Most coral reef top predators are site attached to a “home” atoll, but move extensively within these atolls. Abundances of the most common s

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