Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Pretreatment"

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Pretreatment"

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Adiandri, R. S., R. Purwadi, Hoerudin, and T. Setiadi. "Recent Methods in the Pretreatment of Corncob Wastes for Value-Added Bioproducts Carbon Sources." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1024, no. 1 (2022): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1024/1/012032.

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Abstract Corncobs are composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cellulose and hemicellulose are monomeric sugars that can be utilized as carbon sources for microbial growth and bioproduct formation. However, corncobs present several challenges due to their complex and recalcitrant nature. Addressing these challenges for increased enzymatic and microbial accessibility requires pretreatment methods to break down resistant structures, thus enabling the recovery of fermentable sugars. Different pretreatment methods on corncob wastes have been studied extensively: chemical, physicochemical,
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Ethaib, Saleem, Rozita Omar, Mustapa Kamal Siti Mazlina, and Awang Biak Dayang Radiah. "Evaluation of the Interactive Effect Pretreatment Parameters via Three Types of Microwave-Assisted Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Sugar Yield." Processes 8, no. 7 (2020): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8070787.

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This study aims to evaluate the sugar yield from enzymatic hydrolysis and the interactive effect pretreatment parameters of microwave-assisted pretreatment on glucose and xylose. Three types of microwave-assisted pretreatments of sago palm bark (SPB) were conducted for enzymatic hydrolysis, namely: microwave-sulphuric acid pretreatment (MSA), microwave-sodium hydroxide pretreatment (MSH), and microwave-sodium bicarbonate (MSB). The experimental design was done using a response surface methodology (RSM) and Box–Behenken Design (BBD). The pretreatment parameters ranged from 5–15% solid loading (
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Liu, Yutao, Xicun Chai, and Mingmei Chi. "Effects of a Pretreatment Combining Rubbing with Dilute Alkali on the Enzymatic Hydrolysis-Reducing Sugar Yield and Structure of Rice Straw." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 6 (2019): 1705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13627.

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Abstract. Current pretreatments to digest cellulose straw are characterized by high energy consumption, environmental pollution, and other problems that limit straw biomass utilization. In this work, a rice straw rubbing pretreatment that is less energy-intensive than existing pretreatments is proposed to partly destroy the silicon layer. The rubbing pretreatment did not significantly increase the enzymatic hydrolysis-reducing sugar production rate of rice straw, but it enhanced the effect of subsequent dilute alkali pretreatment. The enzymatic hydrolysis-reducing sugar production rate after c
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Hendrasetiafitri, Citasari, Yong Joo Sung, and Dong-Seop Kim. "Effects of pretreatments on the chemical composition and thermal conversion of oil palm empty fruit bunch." BioResources 17, no. 2 (2022): 2727–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.2.2727-2742.

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The combustion of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) can cause severe fouling, slagging, and ash melt-down problems, which originate from its non-organic components such as potassium, calcium, and silicon. To improve the usability of OPEFB as raw materials for combustion energy generation, the effects of pretreatments with various solution on the chemical composition and the thermal degradation were investigated. Soaking pretreatments with alkali, acidic, and neutral conditions were applied. The acid soaking pretreatments resulted in the reduction of the alkaline ash materials, although the si
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Yao, Lan, Chang Geun Yoo, Yunqiao Pu, et al. "Physicochemical changes of cellulose and their influences on Populus trichocarpa digestibility after different pretreatments." BioResources 14, no. 4 (2019): 9658–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.4.9658-9676.

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Pretreatment is commonly used to reduce recalcitrance of the lignin-carbohydrate matrix. In this study, leading pretreatment technologies, including dilute sulfuric acid, liquid hot water, alkaline, and organosolv pretreatments, were applied to the selected Populus trichocarpa genotype with relatively low lignin content to elucidate cellulose physicochemical property changes and digestibility-related factors. Pretreated Populus trichocarpa (BESC 131) exhibited higher accessibility and glucose yield than the untreated biomass. Chemical composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis
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Liu, Chao, Rui Zhang, Jingjie Yu, Jing Chang, and Wenjuan Zhang. "Comparative study of single stage and two-stage pretreatments on corn stover: A kinetic assessment." BioResources 17, no. 1 (2022): 1257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.1.1257-1269.

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The effects of two-stage pretreatment consisting of tepid water (first stage) and FeCl3 (second stage) pretreatments on hemicellulose hydrolysis were investigated. A kinetic comparison between the single stage (FeCl3-only pretreatment) and the two-stage pretreatment was evaluated. Compared with single stage pretreatment, the two-stage pretreatment decreased the activation energy Ea of hemicellulose hydrolysis by 38.3% and decreased the optimal reaction time by 34.8%. Besides, the xylose content increased by 14.9% and the catalyst dosage decreased by 31.9% in the two-stage pretreatment. This st
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Schroeder, Bruna Grosch, Havva Betül İstanbullu, Matthias Schmidt, Washington Logroño, Hauke Harms, and Marcell Nikolausz. "Effect of Alkaline and Mechanical Pretreatment of Wheat Straw on Enrichment Cultures from Pachnoda marginata Larva Gut." Fermentation 9, no. 1 (2023): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9010060.

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In order to partially mimic the efficient lignocellulose pretreatment process performed naturally in the gut system of Pachnoda marginata larvae, two wheat straw pretreatments were evaluated: a mechanical pretreatment via cutting the straw into two different sizes and an alkaline pretreatment with calcium hydroxide. After pretreatment, gut enrichment cultures on wheat straw at alkaline pH were inoculated and kept at mesophilic conditions over 45 days. The methanogenic community was composed mainly of the Methanomicrobiaceae and Methanosarcinaceae families. The combined pretreatment, size reduc
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Mahmood, Hamayoun, Saqib Mehmood, Ahmad Shakeel, et al. "Glycerol Assisted Pretreatment of Lignocellulose Wheat Straw Materials as a Promising Approach for Fabrication of Sustainable Fibrous Filler for Biocomposites." Polymers 13, no. 3 (2021): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030388.

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Glycerol pretreatment is a promising method for the environmentally-friendly transformation of lignocellulosic materials into sustainable cellulose-rich raw materials (i.e., biopolymer) to fabricate biocomposites. Here, a comparison of aqueous acidified glycerol (AAG) pretreatment of wheat straw (WS) with alkaline, hot water, and dilute acid pretreatments on the thermal and mechanical characteristics of their fabricated composite board is presented. A comparison of total energy expenditure during WS pretreatment with AAG and other solutions was estimated and a comparative influence of AAG proc
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Rezania, Shahabaldin, Hossein Alizadeh, Jinwoo Cho, et al. "Changes in composition and structure of water hyacinth based on various pretreatment methods." BioResources 14, no. 3 (2019): 6088–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.3.6088-6099.

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The deconstruction of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin has varying effects on lignocellulosic biomass. To understand and evaluate these effects it is important to conduct compositional and structural analyses. In this study, the effect of different pretreatments on the composition and structure of water hyacinth (WH) was investigated. The pretreatment methods investigated were acid, alkali, ionic liquid (IL), and microwave-alkali. The structural analysis was completed before and after the pretreatment using scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the biomass recovery rate was measured t
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Alba-Galvín, Juan, Leandro González-Rovira, Manuel Bethencourt, Francisco Botana, and José Sánchez-Amaya. "Influence of Aerospace Standard Surface Pretreatment on the Intermetallic Phases and CeCC of 2024-T3 Al-Cu Alloy." Metals 9, no. 3 (2019): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9030320.

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A standard three-step surface pretreatment employed in the aerospace sector for Al alloys have been investigated prior to the generation of cerium conversion coatings (CeCC) on aluminium-copper alloy 2024. Two pretreatments were analysed, one without final acid etching (Pretreatment 1) and another with this step (Pretreatment 2). Both pretreatments affect the alloy intermetallic phases, playing a key role in the development of the CeCC, and also in the susceptibility to localised corrosion in NaCl medium. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) reve
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Tesi sul tema "Pretreatment"

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Xu, Bingjie. "Improved Membrane Pretreatment by Floatation." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32614.

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Coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation is a common pretreatment process prior to microfiltration (MF) or ultrafiltration (UF) to alleviate membrane fouling, however there has been limited research on floatation as the pretreatment separation process. The main objective of this study is to compare sedimentation with floatation as part of the pretreatment for ultrafiltration of Ottawa River water (ORW) with relatively high natural organic matter (NOM) content. Water samples pretreated at two full-scale plants were subjected to multiple-day UF membrane fouling tests (constant flux with backwash a
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Wang, Liqian. "Different Pretreatments to Enhance Biogas Production : A comparison of thermal, chemical and ultrasonic methods." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Ekologi och miljövetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-16190.

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Ikiz, Nida. "Field investigation of anti-icing/pretreatment." Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1176405449.

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Nkansah-Boadu, Frank. "Delectric heating pretreatment of organic slurries." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45627.

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Badir, Amir. "Thermal pretreatment of municipal solid waste." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17615.

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A kinetic study of the pyrolysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) was carried out bythermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Different runs were performed at heating rates of 5, 10and 150C/min. The effect of the N2, CO2 and O2 gas with different combination in theprocess was also evaluated. The results show that the most weight loss was obtained whenthe MSW was treated at a temperature interval of (20-750)0C which led to a weigh loss of95%. The kinetic study of the pyrolysis process showed also the gas mixture used in theprocess effect also the activation energy of the process and the presence of the C
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Brandt, Agnieszka. "Ionic liquid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9166.

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This thesis is concerned with the thermal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass using ionic liquids for the purpose of comminution via dissolution, for fractionating the biological composite and for obtaining aqueous solutions of carbohydrate monomers from the pulp via enzymatic hydrolysis. A major focus was the relationship between the choice of the anion and the effectiveness of the treatment. The synthesis of a range of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids with strongly hydrogen-bond basic anions was accomplished. Selected, process-relevant physicochemical properties were measured, such
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Patterson, Candace L. "Pretreatment Role Expectations, Alliance, and Outcome." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1276547700.

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Sierra, Ramirez Rocio. "Long-term lime pretreatment of poplar wood." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3316.

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Lignocellulosic biomass (e.g., poplar wood) provides a unique and sustainable resource for environmentally safe organic fuels and chemicals. The core of this study is the pretreatment step involved in bioconversion processes. Pretreatment is required to realize high yields vital to commercial success. The focus of the pretreatment step is to methodically change key features of the biomass to favor enzymatic hydrolysis. This work assesses the compositional changes due to oxidative and non-oxidative longterm lime pretreatment of poplar wood (up to 4 weeks of pretreatment) at mild temperatures (2
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Corredor, Deisy Y. "Pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/693.

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Mohr, David Larry. "Pretreatment and pyrolysis of polyorganosilazane preceramic binders." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8626.

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Libri sul tema "Pretreatment"

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Rowley, Lisa H. Selenium pretreatment study. Applied Sciences Branch, Research and Laboratory Services Division, Denver Office, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1991.

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Pizzi, Nicholas G. Pretreatment field guide. American Water Works Association, 2007.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water and Water Environment Federation, eds. The Pretreatment training course. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, 1997.

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Herkommer, M. Pretreatment of aluminium alloys. UMIST, 1993.

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Anderson, Richard. Sample pretreatment and separation. Edited by Chapman N. B. 1916- and ACOL (Project). Published on behalf of ACOL, Thames Polytechnic, London, by Wiley, 1987.

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Water Environment Federation. Task Force on Pretreatment of Industrial Wastes., Water Environment Federation. Facilities Development Subcommittee., and Water Environment Federation. Industrial Wastes Committee., eds. Pretreatment of industrial wastes. Water Environment Federation, 1994.

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J, MacDonald D., ed. Pretreatment of bauxite with hydrogen. Bureau of Mines, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1990.

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J, MacDonald D., ed. Pretreatment of bauxite with hydrogen. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1991.

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Fang, Zhen, ed. Pretreatment Techniques for Biofuels and Biorefineries. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32735-3.

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Gu, Tingyue, ed. Green Biomass Pretreatment for Biofuels Production. Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6052-3.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Pretreatment"

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Aquaprox. "Pretreatment." In Treatment of Cooling Water. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01985-2_5.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Pretreatment." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_9427.

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Lacasse, Katia, and Werner Baumann. "Pretreatment." In Textile Chemicals. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18898-5_4.

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Ludwig, Heinz. "Pretreatment." In Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination Volume 2. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81927-9_2.

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Voutchkov, Nikolay. "Pretreatment." In A Multidisciplinary Introduction to Desalination. River Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003336914-9.

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Saville, Bradley A. "Pretreatment Options." In Plant Biomass Conversion. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470959138.ch9.

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Ward, A. S. "Pretreatment Processes." In Mathematical Models and Design Methods in Solid-Liquid Separation. Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5091-7_8.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Chemical Pretreatment." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2250.

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Nahler, Gerhard. "pretreatment phase." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine. Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_1115.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Pretreatment Primer." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_9428.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Pretreatment"

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LeBozec, N., D. Persson, D. Thierry, and S. B. Axelsen. "Effect of Climatic Parameters on Filiform Corrosion of Coated Aluminium Alloys AA6016." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03600.

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Abstract The effects of temperature, relative humidity and wet dry transition on initiation and propagation of filiform corrosion on coated aluminium alloys AA6016 have been studied. The aluminium surfaces were tested in both milled and grinded conditions with chromium, phosphate and titanium-zirconium based pretreatment. A full paint system used for automotive applications (ED coat + top-coat) and an electrodeposited coat (ED coat) were investigated for the different combinations of mechanical finish, surface pretreatment and coating system. In the temperature range between 5 to 50°C, filifor
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Bender, S., J. Goellner, A. Heyn, and S. Schultze. "Investigations on Defined Pretreated Magnesium Alloys by Means of Electrochemical Noise." In CORROSION 2008. NACE International, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2008-08400.

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Abstract A general problem for the technical applications of magnesium alloys is their low corrosion resistance. One important possibility to improve the corrosion behaviour of magnesium alloys is the development of suitable protective coatings. The use of chromate will be no longer desired due to some legal regulations. However, plasma CVD (chemical vapour deposition) processes opens new possibilities for the pretreatment and coating of magnesium alloys. Compared to other chromium free pretreatments magnesium alloys could be improved in their corrosion resistance by using the method of combin
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Little, D. A., J. R. Ferrell, and J. R. Scully. "The Effect of Pretreatment and Temper on the Under-Paint Corrosion of AA2024." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04277.

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Abstract This study examines the effect of pretreatment and alloy aging on the rate of scribe-creep caused by under-paint corrosion on AA2024 (T3, T3 + 3 hrs @ 190°C, T3 + 12 hrs @ 190°C, T3 + 30 hrs @ 190°C, and T3 + 240 hrs @ 190°C). Scribe-creep experiments were conducted in humid air at 80% relative humidity and 25°C as well as 40°C temperatures. Scribe-creep was observed to be enhanced by scribe-creep test temperature, artificial aging, and by pretreatments which affects the amount of replated Cu. Experiments show that the Cu content of the alloy and pretreatment strongly influence scribe
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Al-Otaibi, Taher, Fares AlMomani, Zainab Elkahlout, Muneer Baabbad, Muhammad Tawalbeh, and Amani Al-Othman. "Biochar Characteristics and Pyrolysis Pretreatment Performance." In 2024 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aset60340.2024.10708682.

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Placzankis, Brian E., and Amy L. Hilgeman. "Extended Performance Assessment in Accelerated Corrosion and Adhesion of CARC Prepared Aluminum Alloy 5059-H131 for Three Different Pretreatment Methods." In CORROSION 2008. NACE International, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2008-08208.

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Abstract Aluminum alloy 5059-H131 panels rolled to 0.25” thickness were prepared using Chemical Agent Resistant Coating (CARC) for evaluation under three different pretreatment conditions. The pretreatment conditions were abrasive blasted, a nonchromate pretreatment (NCP)1, and a commercial trivalent chromate pretreatment (TCP)2. The primer used was MIL-P-530223 and the topcoat was MIL-DTL-530394. Corrosion resistance was evaluated under GM 9540P5 and ASTM B 1176 neutral salt fog (NSF) methods. Adhesion was assessed under dry conditions using ASTM D 45417 pull-off and under wet conditions usin
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Ashida, Yugo, and Isao Sumiyoshi. "A Multielectrode Array Sensor for Coating and Pretreatment Evaluation on Carbon Steels." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09011.

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Abstract In the production of suspension coil springs and stabilizer bars for automotive vehicles, surface pretreatment such as zinc phosphate pretreatment and subsequent resin powder coating are critical processes to prevent the carbon steel substrate from corrosion and cracking. To retain the effectiveness of corrosion resistance, reduce production costs, and avoid overdesign of coating thickness, it is very important to understand the correlation between localized corrosion and the protectiveness of coating and pretreatment. In this study, a coupled multielectrode array sensor (CMAS) is use
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Specht, Sarah E., Brianne Georgic, Julia Heigl, et al. "Enhancing Corrosion Mitigation via Novel Surface Treatment Application." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16900.

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Abstract Coatings remain the most dominant mode of protection against environmental degradation across a wide range of industries. Coating systems that are used in most industries are comprised of pretreatment followed by one or more organic layer(s). This pretreatment layer is highly effective to enhance corrosion protection. However, when protecting infrastructure in marine environments, a pretreatment process is not traditionally utilized. This is largely due to the size and scope of these projects and their incompatibility with traditional pretreatment methods. In this paper we introduce a
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Green, Angel. "New Aircraft Pretreatment & Wash Primer System." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10088.

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Abstract Today’s Department of Defense is charged with the pursuit of environmentally preferable alternatives to products and processes traditionally used. The highly specialized coating process of the military aircraft is one area where such an initiative is underway. NASA, in coordination with the Tri-Services is actively seeking greener alternatives to chromate coatings. This paper will discuss the development of a non-toxic, non-hazardous, self-healing pretreatment as well as a low VOC, water based wash primer. After vigorous in house testing, it has been determined that these products wil
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Menke, Joseph. "Phosphate Pretreatment vs. Performance of Coatings on Steel." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00280.

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Abstract Iron and zinc phosphate coated substrates were given various supplemental treatments to assess their suitability vs. pretreatments. The salt spray results showed significant variability from the stereotyped guidance of iron phosphate for indoor use and zinc phosphate for exterior coating applications.
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Menke, Joseph. "Blasting vs. Iron Phosphate for Cleaning Prior to Wash Primer as a Pretreatment for CARC Paint." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01556.

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Abstract This paper examines the results of alternative cleaning processes for the application of wash primer to steel surfaces. This pretreatment is used to ensure performance of the CARC paint system applied to tactical equipment in the Army. Thickness, adhesion and corrosion resistance tests are used to assess the performance of the pretreatment process.
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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Pretreatment"

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Adom, Felix K., Jennifer B. Dunn, and Jeongwoo Han. GREET Pretreatment Module. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1172036.

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Barker, S. A., C. K. Thornhill, and L. K. Jr Holton. Pretreatment Technology Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10176465.

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HAMILTON, D. W. HANFORD MEDIUM & LOW CURIE WASTE PRETREATMENT PROJECT PRETREATMENT PROCESS PLAN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/875999.

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Ross, D. S. Hydrothermal pretreatment of coal. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6013254.

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Loo, Bock, and D. S. Ross. Hydrothermal pretreatment of coal. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6501742.

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Graff, R. A., and V. Balogh-Nair. Steam pretreatment for coal liquefaction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5013716.

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van Walsum, G. Peter, Kemantha Jayawardhana, Damon Yourchisin, Robert McWilliams, and Vanessa Castleberry. Carbonic Acid Pretreatment of Biomass. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/882226.

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8

Graff, R. A., and V. Balogh-Nair. Steam pretreatment for coal liquefaction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5146965.

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Silvernail, Nathan J., Jeffery L. Stalker, and Thor Lingenfelter. Environmentally Friendly Zirconium Oxide Pretreatment. Defense Technical Information Center, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada600415.

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Robinson, S. M., and F. J. Homan. Cost comparison for REDC pretreatment project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/631167.

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