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Isaac, Jeffrey C. "Perspectives on Politics: A Political Science Public Sphere". Perspectives on Politics 8, n. 1 (marzo 2010): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592709992635.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Perspectives on Politics seeks to provide a space for broad and synthetic discussion within the political science profession and between the profession and the broader scholarly and reading publics. Such discussion necessarily draws on and contributes to the scholarship published in the more specialized journals that dominate our discipline. At the same time, Perspectives seeks to promote a complementary form of broad public discussion and synergistic understanding within the profession that is essential to advancing scholarship and promoting academic community.
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Lessard, Bryan. "Promoting Public Engagement of Natural History Collections through Science Communication". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (25 luglio 2018): e28479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.28479.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Natural history collections are essential for understanding the world’s biodiversity and drive research in taxonomy, systematics, ecology and biosecurity. One of the biggest challenges faced is the decline of new taxonomists and public interest in collections-based research, which is alarming considering that an estimated 70% of the world’s species are yet to be formally described. Science communication combines public relations with the dissemination of scientific knowledge and offers many benefits to promoting natural history collections to a wide audience. For example, social media has revolutionised the way collections and their staff communicate with the public in real time, and can attract more visitors to collection exhibits and new students interested in natural history. Although not everyone is born a natural science communicator, institutions can encourage and provide training for their staff to become engaging spokespeople skilled in social media and public speaking, including television, radio and/or print media. By embracing science communication, natural history collections can influence their target audiences in a positive and meaningful way, raise the profile of their institution, encourage respect for biodiversity, promote their events and research outputs, seek philanthropic donations, connect with other researchers or industry leaders, and most importantly, inspire the next generation of natural historians.
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Atkinson-Grosjean, Janet, Dawn House e Donald Fischer. "Canadian Science Policy and the Public Research Organisations in the 20th Century". Science & Technology Studies 14, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2001): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.55138.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Across OECD nations, public/private partnerships have recently become popular mechanisms in advancing science and technology policies. But Canada has a long tradition of such partnerships. The federal government was involved in the promotion of relations between public research organisations (PROs) and the private sector as early as the start of the twentieth century. In this paper, we trace the evolution of policies promoting the economic utility of public science in Canada. We then present the National Research Council’s Industrial Research Assistance Program (NRCIRAP) and Industry Canada’s Networks of Centres of Excellence (NCE) program as contrasting cases of federal steering. By developing an understanding of these flagship instruments, we seek insight into the wider implications of state intervention in relations between PROs and Canadian industry.
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Galli, Ida, e Roberto Fasanelli. "Public understanding of science and common sense: Social representations of the human microbiome among the expert and non-expert public". Health Psychology Open 7, n. 1 (gennaio 2020): 205510292091323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055102920913239.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this investigation is to examine the structure and the content of different social groups’ representations of the human microbiome. We employed a non-probabilistic sample comprising two groups of participants. The first group ( n = 244) included university students. The second group included lay people ( n = 355). We chose a mixed-method approach. The data obtained were processed using IRaMuTeQ software. The results allow us to identify the anchoring and objectification processes activated by the two different groups of interviewees. The results could be useful to those in charge of implementing campaigns aimed at promoting health literacy.
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Corfee-Morlot, Jan, Mark Maslin e Jacquelin Burgess. "Global warming in the public sphere". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 365, n. 1860 (30 luglio 2007): 2741–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2084.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Although the science of global warming has been in place for several decades if not more, only in the last decade and a half has the issue moved clearly into the public sphere as a public policy issue and a political priority. To understand how and why this has occurred, it is essential to consider the history of the scientific theory of the greenhouse effect, the evidence that supports it and the mechanisms through which science interacts with lay publics and other elite actors, such as politicians, policymakers and business decision makers. This article reviews why and how climate change has moved from the bottom to the top of the international political agenda. It traces the scientific discovery of global warming, political and institutional developments to manage it as well as other socially mediated pathways for understanding and promoting global warming as an issue in the public sphere. The article also places this historical overview of global warming as a public issue into a conceptual framework for understanding relationships between society and nature with emphasis on the co-construction of knowledge.
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Teeters, Leah Anne, Marcy Singer-Gabella, Ryan Seth Jones, Juan Escarfuller e William J. Heerman. "Operationalising Agency: A Personalized Approach to Public Health". Gateways: International Journal of Community Research and Engagement 11, n. 1 (31 maggio 2018): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijcre.v11i1.5806.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Our work brings together theories and methodologies from public health and the learning sciences to develop a culturally relevant community-based intervention aimed at promoting healthy childhood development. We present our approach to personalising a community-based family intervention to prevent childhood obesity that aims to enhance participants’ agency. We argue that situating obesity within the individual’s multi-layered context not only provides a more robust understanding of the causes, but also generates sustainable options for promoting healthy lifestyles. Our findings emphasise the importance of a situated approach to learning that leverages social systems as a key resource for better navigating the environmental, material and ideational infrastructures that support healthy lifestyles.
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Hope, Joanna. "Understanding our potential research publics: Exploring boundary disputes in recruitment to a sociological study". Current Sociology 67, n. 5 (16 maggio 2019): 742–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392119846937.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The international debate on public sociology has failed to increase our understanding of how we might engage with new publics, particularly potential research publics. Parallel literatures exploring over-research, research fatigue, non-response and public (mis)understanding of sociology can shed light on how underlying boundary disciplinary issues might influence willingness to participate in sociological research. This article explores the case study of parents of people with Rett syndrome, an over-researched group at the centre of competing research discourses following a breakthrough in genetic research. Data from a wider study was used to explore reasons for research participation, non-participation and dropout, including interviews ( n = 20) and a brief survey about reasons for non-response ( n = 58). An individualist perspective led to interpretations of social interventions as stigmatising and refusal to participate. Parent activists fundraising for and promoting genetic research challenged notions of voluntary groups as being receptive to organic public sociology. While individual benefits were experienced, there were signs of research fatigue from multiple approaches. Finally, the close link between social activism and research participation increased the risk of unwitting exploitation, an issue of concern for organic public sociology.
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Kato-Nitta, Naoko, Tadahiko Maeda, Kensuke Iwahashi e Masashi Tachikawa. "Understanding the public, the visitors, and the participants in science communication activities". Public Understanding of Science 27, n. 7 (4 agosto 2017): 857–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963662517723258.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Despite the promotion of public engagement in science, there has been little empirical research on the sociocultural and attitudinal characteristics of participants in science communication activities and the extent to which such individuals are representative of the general population. We statistically investigated the distinctiveness of visitors to a scientific research institution by contrasting samples from visitor surveys and nationally representative surveys. The visitors had more cultural capital (science and technology/art and literature) and believed more in the value of science than the general public, but there was no difference regarding assessment of the levels of national science or of the national economy. A deeper examination of the variations in the visitors’ exhibit-viewing behaviors revealed that individuals with more scientific and technical cultural capital viewed more exhibits and stayed longer at the events. This trend in exhibit-viewing behaviors remained consistent among the different questionnaire items and smart-card records.
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ZURLO, JOANNE, e ALAN M. GOLDBERG. "The Role of an Academic Center in Promoting Common Goals". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 8, n. 1 (gennaio 1999): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180199801091.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The publication in 1959 of Russell and Burch's The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique initiated a new era in the history of the debate between science and animal protection, the era of alternatives. Although Russell and Burch never used the word “alternatives” (speaking instead of the “three Rs”: replacement, reduction, and refinement), and although the animal protection movement was somewhat moribund at the time in both England and the United States, within a decade of the book's publication a number of signs indicating a resurgence of public interest in the issue began to appear. At the same time, increased knowledge and understanding of neurophysiology and ethology heightened scientific awareness of the significance of humane treatment in the laboratory and professionalized laboratory animal science.
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Librett, John, Karla Henderson, Geoffrey Godbey e James R. Morrow. "An Introduction to Parks, Recreation, and Public Health: Collaborative Frameworks for Promoting Physical Activity". Journal of Physical Activity and Health 4, s1 (gennaio 2007): S1—S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.4.s1.s1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of parks and recreation as well as public health is to seek the highest possible quality of life for individuals and communities. Unfortunately, little discourse has occurred between the parks and recreation and public health professions. This missed opportunity has resulted in an incomplete understanding of the spectrum of issues shared by the fields, a slow transdisciplinary learning curve, and a dearth of knowledge-based linkages between science and practice. The goal of the 2006 Cooper Institute Conference on Parks, Recreation, and Public Health: Collaborative Frameworks for Promoting Physical Activity was to highlight opportunities and advance cooperation between parks, recreation, and public health researchers and practitioners that result in collaborations that influence public health decisions at the macro (agency) and micro (individual) levels. This article introduces the discussion on scientific and practice issues in parks, recreation, and public health. By establishing a baseline of frameworks for strengthening collaboration we hope to improve the health and quality of life through parks and recreation-based physical activity.
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McMahon, Caitlin M., Kimberly A. Choquette, S. Chantal E. Stieber e Erin E. Gray. "Remote Supergroup for Chemistry Undergraduates". Scholarship and Practice of Undergraduate Research 4, n. 1 (13 novembre 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18833/spur/4/1/6.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Remote Supergroup for Chemistry Undergraduates (RSCU) brought together student and faculty scientists from 18 public and private institutions that primarily serve undergraduates, spanning 14 US states and one other country. RSCU’s goals included networking across institutions, promoting student understanding of the chemical literature, informing students about further educational and career opportunities, and facilitating discussions of equity and inclusion in science.
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Tural, Güner. "Promoting Students' Understanding of the Concept of Pressure: Active Learning Environment versus Traditional One". Mimbar Sekolah Dasar 7, n. 3 (31 dicembre 2020): 284–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/mimbar-sd.v7i3.29391.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
One of the topics students have understanding difficulties in science is pressure. The study investigates the effectiveness of an active-learning environment on the students' understanding of the concept of pressure. The sample consisted of 30 students from a public secondary school in Turkey. This study used a pre-test, post-test, quasi-experimental research design with a control group. Ten lessons were conducted with both groups. The control group was taught using the coursebook's two activities, while the experimental group was taught using additional activities and models. After the treatment, a post-test was given to both groups to determine the active-learning environment's effectiveness on the students' understanding of the concept of pressure. Interviews were also conducted with the experimental group. The post-test results showed a significant difference in favor of the experimental group. It was determined that students in both groups had misunderstandings of the topic before and after instruction. The interviews showed that the experimental group students perceive that the active learning environment facilitated better and easier learning. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the active learning environment was more effective for the students in the experimental group to learn about the concept of pressure.
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Nye, Joseph S. "Soft Power and Public Diplomacy Revisited". Hague Journal of Diplomacy 14, n. 1-2 (22 aprile 2019): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-14101013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Summary Soft power is the ability to affect others to obtain the outcomes one wants through attraction and persuasion rather than coercion or payment. A country’s soft power rests on its resources of culture, values and policies. A smart-power strategy combines hard- and soft-power resources. Public diplomacy has a long history as a means of promoting a country’s soft power, and soft power was essential in winning the Cold War. Smart public diplomacy requires an understanding of the roles of credibility, self-criticism and civil society in generating soft power. As authoritarian states today use new cyber technologies and other means to disrupt political processes in democracies, questions arise about the boundaries of soft power and the appropriate policies for public diplomacy.
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Kumi, Emmanuel. "From donor darling to beyond aid? Public perceptions of ‘Ghana Beyond Aid’". Journal of Modern African Studies 58, n. 1 (20 febbraio 2020): 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x19000570.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractIn recent years, there has been growing interest among lower-middle income countries (LMICs) to reduce their dependence on donor resources, framed normatively as ‘beyond aid’. Yet, public perceptions about beyond aid narratives remain under-studied. This article explores current public perceptions in Ghana about the ‘Ghana Beyond Aid’ (GhBA) vision aimed at promoting structural economic transformation through the use of national resources while reducing dependence on donor aid. Drawing on 67 semi-structured interviews with government officials, civil society organisations (CSOs), donor representatives, academics, ‘ordinary citizens’ and media reviews, this article examines public understanding, rationale and perceived barriers to the implementation of the GhBA vision. I show that while GhBA is a welcome development for promoting structural economic transformation and ownership over national development priorities, mechanisms for propelling the GhBA are largely absent. Achieving GhBA will require a conscious effort by government and stakeholders to move beyond political rhetoric and partisan politics to setting out clear policy direction in addition to building a national consensus in promoting the vision. Implications of the research findings are discussed.
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Riedlinger, Michelle, Luisa Massarani, Marina Joubert, Ayelet Baram-Tsabari, Marta Entradas e Jennifer Metcalfe. "Telling stories in science communication: case studies of scholar-practitioner collaboration". Journal of Science Communication 18, n. 05 (14 ottobre 2019): N01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.18050801.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Reflecting on the practice of storytelling, this practice insight explores how collaborations between scholars and practitioners can improve storytelling for science communication outcomes with publics. The case studies presented demonstrate the benefits of collaborative storytelling for inspiring publics, promoting understanding of science, and engaging publics more deliberatively in science. The projects show how collaboration between scholars and practitioners [in storytelling] can happen across a continuum of scholarship from evaluation and action research to more critical thinking perspectives. They also show how stories of possible futures and community efficacy can support greater engagement of publics in evidence-informed policymaking. Storytelling in collaborations between scholars and practitioners involves many activities: combining cultural and scientific understandings; making publics central to storytelling; equipping scientists to tell their own stories directly to publics; co-creating stories; and retelling collaborative success stories. Collaborative storytelling, as demonstrated in these case studies, may improve the efficacy of science communication practice as well as its scholarship.
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Suprapto, Nadi, e Hasan Nuurul Hidaayatullaah. "Promoting Physics-Entrepreneurship Via Facebook: A Thematic Study". THABIEA : JOURNAL OF NATURAL SCIENCE TEACHING 4, n. 1 (30 giugno 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/thabiea.v4i1.8963.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study addresses the use of Facebook (FB) as a media for promoting science’ product. By adopting the concept of entrepreneurship education, the study explored the role of FB in promoting science message through “Learning Shirt-theme”. A thematic study was conducted, involving a group of Indonesian undergraduate physics students (34 members) in FB namely “Learning Shirt” and the content of their sites as the entrepreneurs and 192 active members as the service users. The students pursued their study at a public university in Surabaya, Indonesia, which contributed to the group’s community. These groups of students established entrepreneurship activities and promoted their message of physics via FB. The role of the researcher is a tutor of the community. Data analyses were used, including a thematic and documentation analysis and supported by questionnaire analysis. The results of the study categorized the physics-shirt into five themes: the history of physics, derivation of the equation in physics, physics symbols and equations, physics values, and models in physics. The FB users’ understanding of physics themes were in a good category with an average score of 79.79. The trend of FB user’s positive response regarding ten expressions in the questionnaire was increased significantly in three weeks.
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Volynets, S. S. "Concerning the definition of the concept «state policy for promoting civil society development»". Public administration aspects 6, n. 6-7 (14 agosto 2018): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/151839.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study systematically presented and analyzed approaches to defining the content of the concepts of «politics», «state policy», «promotion», «development» and «civil society», whose internal characteristics and intrinsic features integrate the term «state policy to promote the development of civil society». The study emphasized that the definition of «state policy of promoting the development of civil society» is still lacking at the legislative level, in public administration and in the national social sciences.The study emphasized that the wording of the concept «state policy of promoting the development of civil society» will allow to distinguish this direction of state policy among others, to avoid misunderstanding of its content, conceptual uncertainty, inaccurate or incorrect formulation of its goals, tasks, directions and measures.Summarizing approaches to the definition of «state policy», the study presented its characteristics and main components. The study noted that civil society is one of the most controversial phenomena today, which occupies a central place in the researches of many social sciences. The study highlighted stages in the evolution of the views of thinkers and scholars on the interpretation of civil society. The study defined the main variants of modern understanding of civil society and proposed the author’s approach to its definition.On the basis of the analysis, the author formulates his own understanding of the concept of «state policy promoting the development of civil society» and outlines directions for further scientific research.
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Hameed Khan, Shaukat. "Productivity Growth and Entrepreneurship in Pakistan: The Role of Public Policy in Promoting Technology Management". LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 21, Special Edition (1 settembre 2016): 427–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2016.v21.isp.a19.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Numerous public announcements are made regularly in Pakistan about moving towards a knowledge economy. These appear to be wishful thinking in the absence of any coherent understanding of the role of technology and its spillovers as major drivers of development and growth as well as lack of clarity about the manner in which science and technology are organized in Pakistan. Pakistan has not really been able to manage the major organizational changes brought about by the techno-information revolution of the 21st century. Its competitiveness is falling, organizational changes are slow and workforce skill levels are inadequate – all of which have stalled productivity and innovation. Pakistan faces a serious risk of deindustrialization unless the dynamics and disruptive nature of modern technology are better understood and embedded as a key pillar of public policy in order to enhance productivity and innovation. This article attempts to define the nexus between technology and entrepreneurship and show how it differs from scientific research. It also examines the role of public policy in promoting productivity growth and entrepreneurship through better policies in technology management.
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Ho, Luis C. "Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics at Peking University: An International Center for Excellence in China". Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter 03, n. 02 (agosto 2014): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251158x14000332.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Kavli Foundation ( http://www.kavlifoundation.org ) is a US-based private philanthropic organization "dedicated to advancing science for the benefit of humanity, promoting public understanding of scientific research, and supporting scientists and their work." It supports four major areas of basic research, astrophysics, nanoscience, neuroscience, and theoretical physics, through a network of 17 institutes worldwide. Every two years, it awards the prestigious Kavli Prize to "recognize scientists for their seminal advances in astrophysics, nanoscience and neuroscience."
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Moewaka Barnes, Helen, Wendy Henwood, Joanne Murray, Pauline Waiti, Mina Pomare-Peita, Selena Bercic, Rebecca Chee, Mishayla Mitchell e Tim McCreanor. "Noho Taiao: reclaiming Māori science with young people". Global Health Promotion 26, n. 3_suppl (aprile 2019): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975919829700.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Connections and belonging to ancestral lands are strongly and consistently argued as fundamental to Māori education, health and wellbeing. When our connections with and access to health-promoting places of belonging are damaged, we lose more than component parts of wellbeing. An entire cultural infrastructure integral to identity, community, spirituality, sustainability and even material sustenance is eroded, compromising health, wellbeing and vitality. Young people in rural areas are often seen as missing out on the amenities and attractions available in cities, but are assumed to have compensatory access to and positive relationships with ‘nature’. For multiple reasons, many arising from colonial legacies, this is often not so for young Māori and there are initiatives underway that seek to reconnect them with customary environments. Place-based learning approaches that use local environments and ecosystems as living laboratories, reimagining the way students engage with knowledge, science and understandings of the natural world can be valuable in this respect. Te Rārawa Noho Taiao projects in the Far North of Aotearoa have been operating for nearly a decade, using indigenous pedagogy that promotes Māori science, science leadership, and learning, applying them in ways that produce a range of health and wellbeing benefits. These include enhanced educational engagement, strengthened capabilities, increased participation/belonging, stronger connections, constructive peer processes and positive intergenerational interactions, all based in Māori values and praxis. Such elements are widely recognised in health-promoting frameworks as highly implicated in the creation and maintenance of health and wellbeing for individuals, communities and populations. In this paper, we use interviews with organisers and teachers of these Noho Taiao and a survey of student participants, to explore the educational and health promotion effects.
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Cornali, Federica. "Talking with the Scientists: Promoting Scientific Citizenship at School through Participatory and Deliberative Approach". Studies in Media and Communication 5, n. 2 (20 novembre 2017): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v5i2.2804.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Unceasing and pervasive, techno-scientific innovation has changed the social demand for science education over the last few decades. Science education is no longer asked only to train specialists for the technical and scientific professions or for research, but strives to spread science for the citizen. The challenge is to make most people capable of seeing and understanding the impact of science and technology in everyday life, of thinking critically about them and making informed decisions. In recent decades, moreover, the frequent controversies (e.g. on genetic engineering) – as well as the string of alarming events (such as the climate change) where science and politics failed to provide decisive solutions – have stimulated lively interest in public participation in fields traditionally dominated by specialists expertise. This paper, after a brief introduction to the concept of civic scientific literacy and its recent developments, will focus on practices of deliberative democracy that allow citizens to participate directly in decision-making about socio-scientific issues. Starting from an analysis of an initiative conducted in Italian high schools, the paper discusses the contribution that introducing participatory and deliberative practices in a school setting can play in promoting scientific citizenship.
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Faraco, Emilia B., Luciano Guimarães, Claire Anderson e Silvana N. Leite. "The The pharmacy workforce in public primary healthcare centers: promoting access and information on medicines". Pharmacy Practice 18, n. 4 (12 novembre 2020): 2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2020.4.2048.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Only few studies have analyzed the pharmaceutical workforce in primary healthcare centers, and a global recommendation calls for better understanding of the trends that shape workforce development and capacity.
Objective: To analyze the distribution of the pharmaceutical workforce in primary healthcare centers in the national health system [Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)] in Brazil.
Methods: The study was conducted using data from the National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines in Brazil. Secondary data referring to the socioeconomic indicators of each municipality were obtained from national public databases. Data stratification in geographic regions was considered, and data on workers in the management of the municipal pharmaceutical services and medicines dispensing centers were analyzed. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated by Poisson regression in the study investigating the factors associated with low and high-density pharmacists per 10,000 inhabitants.
Results: The results showed that most Brazilian municipalities have a rate of 1 or more pharmacist per 10,000 inhabitants in primary healthcare public facilities, with a higher concentration of pharmacists in small municipalities. Even in Brazilian municipalities with lower economic capacity, the conditions of access to medicines and pertinent information on medicines were directly related to the number of pharmacists available in these centers.
Conclusions: This study showed a high number of pharmacists in the public health system. The higher density of pharmacists in primary healthcare public facilities correlated to increased access to medicines information and better municipal social development.
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Bistricky, Steven L., Kristina L. Harper, Caroline M. Roberts, Diana M. Cook, Staci L. Schield, Jennifer Bui e Mary B. Short. "Understanding and Promoting Stress Management Practices Among College Students Through an Integrated Health Behavior Model". American Journal of Health Education 49, n. 1 (11 ottobre 2017): 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2017.1377651.
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Salt, H., M. Boyle e J. Ives. "HIV prevention: Current health promoting behaviour models for understanding psychosocial determinants of condom use". AIDS Care 2, n. 1 (gennaio 1990): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540129008257715.
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Humphreys, Betsy L., e Donald A. B. Lindberg. "Preface - Access to Knowledge Revisited". Yearbook of Medical Informatics 25, S 01 (agosto 2016): S18—S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15265/iys-2016-s026.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Summary Objective: To review and update the Preface to the 1998 Yearbook of Medical Informatics, which had as its Special Topic “Health Informatics and the Internet”. Method: Assessment of the accuracy of predictions made in 1998 and consideration of key developments in informatics since that time. Results: Predictions made in 1998 were generally accurate regarding reduced dependence on keyboards, expansion of multimedia, medical data privacy policy development, impact of molecular biology on knowledge and treatment of neoplasms, and use of imaging and informatics to advance understanding of brain structure and function. Key developments since 1998 include the huge increase in publicly available electronic information; acknowledgement by leaders in government and science of the importance of biomedical informatics to societal goals for health, health care, and scientific discovery; the influence of the public in promoting clinical research transparency and free access to government-funded research results; the long-awaited arrival of electronic health records; and the “Cloud” as a 21st century reformulation of contracting out the computer center. Conclusions: There are many challenging and important problems that deserve the attention of the informatics community. Informatics researchers will be best served by embracing a very broad definition of medical informatics and by promoting public understanding of the field.
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Delmas, Magali A., Thomas P. Lyon e John W. Maxwell. "Understanding the Role of the Corporation in Sustainability Transitions". Organization & Environment 32, n. 2 (14 maggio 2019): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1086026619848255.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The state of the planet calls for large-scale sustainability transitions involving systemic adoption of markedly better environmental and social practices. The objective of this symposium is to better understand the role of corporations in promoting such systemic change. We present four case studies—representing diverse industries and change mechanisms—-to investigate corporate leadership in sustainability transitions. The cases examine a wide range of mechanisms used by corporations to progress toward sustainability, such as political coalition building and information strategies through eco-labels, socially responsible investing, and the public statements of CEOs. In this introduction, we discuss the challenges associated with both achieving and studying systemic change, explain the rationale for a case study approach, describe the findings from the case studies, and draw some general conclusions on the mechanisms by which firms may be able to lead, or at least participate in, systemic change in the different phases of sustainability transitions.
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DICKSON, D. "Raising the Image of Science in Britain: Cultural, economic, and political factors have led three of Britain's oldest scientific organizations to join hands in promoting a greater public understanding of science". Science 235, n. 4793 (6 marzo 1987): 1134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.235.4793.1134.
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Gerbaldi, M. "Training in Astronomy". Highlights of Astronomy 11, n. 2 (1998): 910–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600019122.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Astronomy offers a unique opportunity for promoting the science teaching in its present crisis. Astronomy can be introduced at various levels and become the medium by which both primary science education and public understanding of science are stimulated.At the University level, astronomy can be introduced in the curricula of university colleges and be a subject for M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees. Astronomy, can give students the opportunity to work scientifically from observations and known physical laws in order to derive knowledge in another field of science. Astronomy can be taught with less formalism and more experimentation, giving students a feel for the link between a phenomenon and its theoretical representation, and how and why a given observation can be represented by different theoretical models.
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Kreuter, Marshall W., Christopher De Rosa, Elizabeth H. Howze e Grant T. Baldwin. "Understanding Wicked Problems: A Key to Advancing Environmental Health Promotion". Health Education & Behavior 31, n. 4 (agosto 2004): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198104265597.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Complex environmental health problems—like air and water pollution, hazardous waste sites, and lead poisoning—are in reality a constellation of linked problems embedded in the fabric of the communities in which they occur. These kinds of complex problems have been characterized by some as “wicked problems” wherein stakeholders may have conflicting interpretations of the problem and the science behind it, as well as different values, goals, and life experiences. Accordingly, policy makers, public health professionals, and other stake-holders who grapple with these problems cannot expect to effectively resolve them by relying solely on expert-driven approaches to problem solving. Rather, they need to acknowledge that wicked environmental health problems are most likely to yield to (1) the application of effective community health promotionskills, (2) a sustained commitment to sound toxicological and epidemiological science, (3) the application of systems thinking, and (4) transparent communication among all stakeholders.
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Dooris, Mark, Sue Powell e Alan Farrier. "Conceptualizing the ‘whole university’ approach: an international qualitative study". Health Promotion International 35, n. 4 (15 luglio 2019): 730–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz072.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Focusing on the conceptualization of a whole university approach, this paper reports on an international qualitative study that explored vice-chancellors’ and network members’ understanding of and commitment to Health Promoting Universities, examined perspectives on leadership and investigated the Okanagan Charter’s potential to catalyse whole university leadership and change. A multi-method qualitative approach was used: semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted face-to-face with vice-chancellors (n = 12) and Health Promoting University co-ordinators who were members of the UK Healthy Universities Network (n = 8); telephone interviews were conducted with a mix of UK and non-UK Health Promoting University co-ordinators (n = 5) and two online questionnaires were distributed to non-UK network co-ordinators (n = 6) and non-UK Health Promoting University co-ordinators (n = 10). Through thematic analysis, a number of key themes emerged that build a new conceptualization of the whole university approach (see Figure 1): building a broad understanding and framing of health; developing a supportive ethos and culture; embedding health into the university and joining up areas of work; focusing on the whole population and facing challenges and seizing opportunities. The study elicited rich and wide-ranging views from multiple stakeholders from universities and networks across four continents, confirming Health Promoting Universities as a truly global movement. Looking ahead, there are clear opportunities and challenges. First, the media narrative of a student mental health ‘crisis’ has focused universities’ attention on ‘health’, but from a single issue ‘illness’ perspective. This risks detracting from the whole system Health Promoting Universities approach. Second, even with the Okanagan Charter inspiring individuals and universities, there are still major challenges in translating the rhetoric of whole system approaches into meaningful action within large, complex and culturally diverse organizations.
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Davies, Alun, Nancy Mwangome, Betty Yeri, Grace Mwango, Noni Mumba, Vicki Marsh, Dorcas Kamuya, Sassy Molyneux, Samson Kinyanjui e Caroline Jones. "Evolution of a programme to engage school students with health research and science in Kenya". Wellcome Open Research 4 (28 febbraio 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15106.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Facilitating mutually-beneficial educational activities between researchers and school students is an increasingly popular way for research institutes to engage with communities who host health research, but these activities have rarely been formally examined as a community or public engagement approach in health research. The KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP) in Kilifi, Kenya, through a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach involving students, teachers, researchers and education stakeholders, has incorporated ‘school engagement’ as a key component into their community engagement (CE) strategy. School engagement activities at KWTRP aim at strengthening the ethical practice of the institution in two ways: through promoting an interest in science and research among school students as a form of benefit-sharing; and through creating forums for dialogue aimed at promoting mutual understanding between researchers and school students. In this article, we provide a background of CE in Kilifi and describe the diverse ways in which health researchers have engaged with communities and schools in different parts of the world. We then describe the way in which the KWTRP school engagement programme (SEP) was developed and scaled-up. We conclude with a discussion about the challenges, benefits and lessons learnt from the SEP implementation and scale-up in Kilifi, which can inform the establishment of SEPs in other settings.
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Hetland, Per. "Popularizing the Internet". Nordicom Review 36, n. 2 (1 ottobre 2015): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nor-2015-0023.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In popular science and technology writing, “boosterism” is prominent. Writers overwhelmingly describe science and technology in enthusiastic terms, thereby promoting the deficit or Public Appreciation of Science and Technology model (PAST). A crucial aspect of the PAST model is its pro-innovation bias: writers enroll chaperones in the texts, such as spokespersons, users, celebrities, witnesses, experts, and authorities, to support their claims. Both “boosterism” and pro-innovation bias constrain the public’s critical understanding of science and technology. This study includes a detailed exploration of pro-innovation bias in the popularization of the Internet in the Norwegian press and how journalists use chaperones to support their claims. The author demonstrates that, in popularizing the Internet, pro-innovation bias manifests several other biases, such as individual-praise, pro-technology, individual-blame, technology-blame, and source biases.
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Prestby, John E., Abraham Wandersman, Paul Florin, Richard Rich e David Chavis. "Benefits, costs, incentive management and participation in voluntary organizations: A means to understanding and promoting empowerment". American Journal of Community Psychology 18, n. 1 (febbraio 1990): 117–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00922691.
Testo completo
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Shen, Xuehao, Yuezhong Wu, Shuhong Chen e Xueming Luo. "An Intelligent Garbage Sorting System Based on Edge Computing and Visual Understanding of Social Internet of Vehicles". Mobile Information Systems 2021 (30 agosto 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5231092.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In order to enable Social Internet of Vehicles devices to achieve the purpose of intelligent and autonomous garbage classification in a public environment, while avoiding network congestion caused by a large amount of data accessing the cloud at the same time, it is therefore considered to combine mobile edge computing with Social Internet of Vehicles to give full play to mobile edge computing features of high bandwidth and low latency. At the same time, based on cutting-edge technologies such as deep learning, knowledge graph, and 5G transmission, the paper builds an intelligent garbage sorting system based on edge computing and visual understanding of Social Internet of Vehicles. First of all, for the massive multisource heterogeneous Social Internet of Vehicles big data in the public environment, different item modal data adopts different processing methods, aiming to obtain a visual understanding model. Secondly, using the 5G network, the model is deployed on the edge device and the cloud for cloud-side collaborative management, aiming to avoid the waste of edge node resources, while ensuring the data privacy of the edge node. Finally, the Social Internet of Vehicles devices is used to make intelligent decision-making on the big data of the items. First, the items are judged as garbage, and then the category is judged, and finally the task of grabbing and sorting is realized. The experimental results show that the system proposed in this paper can efficiently process the big data of Social Internet of Vehicles and make valuable intelligent decisions. At the same time, it also has a certain role in promoting the promotion of Social Internet of Vehicles devices.
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Zidny, Robby, S. Solfarina, Ratna Sari Siti Aisyah e Ingo Eilks. "Exploring Indigenous Science to Identify Contents and Contexts for Science Learning in Order to Promote Education for Sustainable Development". Education Sciences 11, n. 3 (10 marzo 2021): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11030114.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Indigenous science is comprised of the science-related knowledge and associated practices of indigenous cultures. Indigenous science provides rich contexts that can contribute to understanding the relationship of sociocultural life and environmental ethics in certain communities. It can also lead to better reflection upon Western modern views of science. Based on a qualitative analysis of indigenous science in the Baduy community (Indonesia), we describe how indigenous science can provide relevant contexts for students to learn scientific concepts, as well as help them to recognise the value of promoting sustainability. We present potential topics encompassing the sociocultural context of Baduy science that can be associated with sustainability issues. Topics were identified from six themes (agriculture, medicine, natural dyes, household chemicals, renewable energy, and astronomy). Potential implications of these topics to science learning are also presented. We view contextualization of science teaching and learning by indigenous science as a promising source to enhance students’ perception of the relevance of science learning. It can also promote education for sustainable development.
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Roche, Dominique G., Monica Granados, Claire C. Austin, Scott Wilson, Gregory M. Mitchell, Paul A. Smith, Steven J. Cooke e Joseph R. Bennett. "Open government data and environmental science: a federal Canadian perspective". FACETS 5, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2020): 942–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-0008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Governments worldwide are releasing data into the public domain via open government data initiatives. Many such data sets are directly relevant to environmental science and complement data collected by academic researchers to address complex and challenging environmental problems. The Government of Canada is a leader in open data among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, generating and releasing troves of valuable research data. However, achieving comprehensive and FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) open government data is not without its challenges. For example, identifying and understanding Canada’s international commitments, policies, and guidelines on open data can be daunting. Similarly, open data sets within the Government of Canada are spread across a diversity of repositories and portals, which may hinder their discoverability. We describe Canada’s federal initiatives promoting open government data, and outline where data sets of relevance to environmental science can be found. We summarize research data management challenges identified by the Government of Canada, plans to modernize the approach to open data for environmental science and best practices for data discoverability, access, and reuse.
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Quilty, J. R., e S. R. Cattle. "Use and understanding of organic amendments in Australian agriculture: a review". Soil Research 49, n. 1 (2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr10059.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A wide range of organic amendments (OA) is currently available to Australian farmers. These products have numerous agronomic applications, including the supply of plant nutrients, control of pests and diseases, and in management of soil health. Several of these products are also used in contaminated and degraded land remediation. The most commonly identifiable groups of OA in Australia are composts, compost teas, vermicasts, humic substances, meat, blood and bone meal, fish hydrolysates, seaweed extracts, bio-inoculants, biodynamic products, and biochars. Many of these OA contain nutrients within organic molecular structures; these nutrients are usually not immediately available to plants and must first be mineralised. Mineralisation often occurs as OA are consumed by microbes, thereby stimulating soil microbial activity. The application of OA such as bio-inoculants, humic substances, and seaweed extracts can potentially stimulate crop growth and development through the actions of plant growth-promoting hormones, including cytokinins, auxins, and gibberellins. Yet despite these apparent benefits, the widespread adoption of OA in Australia has been limited, due in part to the high application rates required to produce agronomic benefits, a lack of consistency in the composition of some products, a poor public perception of their utility, and a lack of unbiased scientific research into the agricultural potential of these products.
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Williams, Olajide, e Ewelina Swierad. "A Multisensory Multilevel Health Education Model for Diverse Communities". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n. 5 (10 marzo 2019): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050872.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Owing to their enormous capacity to improve health and save lives, effective health promotion frameworks have been at the forefront of public health research and practice. A multilevel focus, as exemplified by the Socio-Ecological Model (SEM), is one common denominator among these frameworks. The SEM highlights important social and ecological influences on health behavior by delineating the different levels of influence. These include public policy, organizational, community, interpersonal, and intrapersonal levels, which, when considered during the development of health promotion campaigns, especially those that focus on health education, strengthen the potential influence of that campaign on targeted behaviors. However, the SEM lacks a complimenting framework for understanding the role of conventional and unconventional approaches to health education; that is, how to design a health education intervention that considers both the context, such as the social and ecological levels of influence, and the best approaches for developing and delivering the health education in a manner that optimizes their effectiveness in today’s modern and increasingly diverse world. Addressing this gap, the current article presents an integrative Multisensory Multilevel Health Education Model (MMHEM), which incorporates three key domains—(1) Art (innovativeness/creativity), (2) Culture (cultural tailoring), and (3) Science (evidence-based), while promoting the importance of considering the socio-ecological levels of influence on targeted behaviors. Using a successful health education intervention, called the Hip Hop Stroke, we deconstruct the Multisensory Multilevel Health Education Model and discuss its potential role as a guide for developing public health education interventions.
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Lenoir-Wijnkoop, I., P. J. Jones, R. Uauy, L. Segal e J. Milner. "Nutrition economics – food as an ally of public health". British Journal of Nutrition 109, n. 5 (23 gennaio 2013): 777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512005107.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are a major and increasing contributor to morbidity and mortality in developed and developing countries. Much of the chronic disease burden is preventable through modification of lifestyle behaviours, and increased attention is being focused on identifying and implementing effective preventative health strategies. Nutrition has been identified as a major modifiable determinant of NCD. The recent merging of health economics and nutritional sciences to form the nascent discipline of nutrition economics aims to assess the impact of diet on health and disease prevention, and to evaluate options for changing dietary choices, while incorporating an understanding of the immediate impacts and downstream consequences. In short, nutrition economics allows for generation of policy-relevant evidence, and as such the discipline is a crucial partner in achieving better population nutritional status and improvements in public health and wellness. The objective of the present paper is to summarise presentations made at a satellite symposium held during the 11th European Nutrition Conference, 28 October 2011, where the role of nutrition and its potential to reduce the public health burden through alleviating undernutrition and nutrition deficiencies, promoting better-quality diets and incorporating a role for functional foods were discussed.
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Sørensen, Eva, John Bryson e Barbara Crosby. "How public leaders can promote public value through co-creation". Policy & Politics 49, n. 2 (1 aprile 2021): 267–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/030557321x16119271739728.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Governance researchers are increasingly interested in how co-creation can contribute to promoting public value in contemporary liberal democracies. While many have already argued for the potential benefits of employing co-creation in government strategies aiming to enhance public value, few have considered the implications of such a strategy for public leadership. Drawing on recent strands of theory on leadership and management, we specify how public leaders can use co-creation as a tool to achieve policy goals, and we illustrate this specification by showing how politicians and public and non-profit managers perform the public leadership of co-created public value in Gentofte, Denmark and Minneapolis‐St Paul, USA. The main proposition is that this kind of public leadership does not only involve a strategic effort to engage, inspire and mobilise actors with relevant governance assets ‐ including legitimacy, authority and capabilities ‐ but also to align their understandings of what is valuable for the public.
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Brand, Alexander, Mark Furness e Niels Keijzer. "Promoting Policy Coherence within the 2030 Agenda Framework: Externalities, Trade-Offs and Politics". Politics and Governance 9, n. 1 (26 febbraio 2021): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i1.3608.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The promotion of Policy Coherence for Sustainable Development is one of the 169 targets of the 2030 Agenda, and considered a key means of implementation. The 2030 Agenda, while noble and necessary to put humanity on a sustainable path, has vastly exacerbated the complexity and ambiguity of development policymaking. This article challenges two assumptions that are common in both policy discussions and associated scholarly debates: First, the technocratic belief that policy coherence is an authentically attainable objective; and second, whether efforts to improve the coherence within and across policies makes achieving the Sustainable Development Goals more likely. We unpack the conventional ‘win-win’ understanding of the policy coherence concept to illustrate that fundamentally incompatible political interests continue to shape global development, and that these cannot be managed away. We argue that heuristic, problem-driven frameworks are needed to promote coherence in settings where these fundamental inconsistencies are likely to persist. Instead of mapping synergies ex-ante, future research and policy debates should focus on navigating political trade-offs and hierarchies while confronting the longer-term goal conflicts that reproduce unsustainable policy choices.
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Cook, A. "The new millennium". Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 55, n. 1 (22 gennaio 2001): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2000.0182.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A journal of the history of science seems almost obliged to mark the transition from one millennium to another, artificial though that may be. It seems even more contrived for a journal that is about science related to The Royal Society, for our history spans not even a millennium but almost exactly one–third of that period. Yet the history of science in those years has much to teach us today about the practice and use of science and to help in promoting its understanding among the wider public. The Society and its Fellows have been particularly deeply involved in the development of a number of disciplines, and so we have essays on representative topics—time, microscopy, exploration, geology and planetary studies, together with some cautionary tales about prediction—though not the only ones that could have been included. One topic, the science of materials, is represented by a book review. As is usual for the first issue of a year, we include the President's Address to the Anniversary Meeting—his last, and the last of the millennium
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Xinyu, Lu. "Government Subsidies, Market Socialism, and the “Public” Character of Chinese Television". Modern China 37, n. 6 (15 settembre 2011): 661–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0097700411420796.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In March 2011 Chongqing Satellite TV was made a public-interest channel and discontinued advertising, losing 0.3 billion yuan in revenue. The shortfall is to be partially made up by annual government subsidies of 0.15 billion yuan. The transformation of Chongqing Satellite TV is very much related to the widely debated reform of governance in Chongqing (the so-called Chongqing model), and thus is inevitably controversial. It has attracted critical commentary from academia, the advertising industry, and netizens, while the TV station and the Chongqing municipal government have not mounted an effective defense. Often, the two sides in the debate have been at cross-purposes and have spoken past each other. This article attempts to move beyond rigid binary oppositions, such as official/civilian and academic/ political, and to look at the arguments of both sides in the debate with an eye toward promoting a clearer understanding of public media in China.
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Holman, C. D'Arcy J., Billie Corti, Robert J. Donovan e Geoffrey Jalleh. "Association of the Health-Promoting Workplace with Trade Unionism and other Industrial Factors". American Journal of Health Promotion 12, n. 5 (maggio 1998): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-12.5.325.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose. The study examines associations of five healthy workplace attributes with trade unionism and nine other industrial and sociodemographic factors. The aims were to illustrate the measurement of workplace health promotion indicators in Western Australia and to identify associations leading to a better understanding of determinants of the healthy workplace. Design. Personal and telephone cross-sectional surveys were performed using population-based sampling frames. The overall response rate was 72%. Setting. Workplaces in Western Australia. Subjects. Random samples of household respondents aged 16 to 69 years in 1992 (n = 1310) and 1994 (n = 1113). Measures. Measures of association between healthy workplace attributes and trade unionism were adjusted for workplace location, size, sector, and industrial classification. Results. Trade unionism was strongly associated with healthy catering practices (adjusted OR 2.05; 95% CI 1.30 to 3.23), sun protection practices (2.66; 1.69 to 4.17), disability access (1.47; 1.10 to 1.95), and worksite health promotion programs (2.56; 2.07 to 3.17). A weak and nonsignificant association was observed with restrictive smoking policies (1.21; .95 to 1.55). Generally, healthy workplace attributes were reported less often by respondents working in rural locations, in the private sector, and at small worksites. There was no consistent relationship with sociodemographic factors, including an index of social disadvantage, but members of blue-collar occupations experienced a low prevalence of restrictive smoking policies. Conclusions. The study raises the hypothesis, but cannot confirm, that trade unions could provide a means for employees to pursue the creation of a health-promoting workplace. Small business represents an excellent target for health promotion activities.
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Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Nelum Samarutilake, Mihiri Chami Wettasinghe, Julie Feiler, Antony Morgan, Antonis A. Kousoulis e Tine Van Bortel. "Public health programmes to promote mental health in young people: a systematic integrative review protocol". BMJ Open 10, n. 9 (settembre 2020): e037241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037241.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
IntroductionIn light of the ever-growing mental health disease burden among young people worldwide, we aim to systematically review the global literature to identify the public health programmes targeted at promoting mental health and well-being in young people, the reported/anticipated mental health-related outcomes of the implemented public health programmes and the reported facilitators and barriers in relation to the implementation of those public health programmes.Methods and analysisA comprehensive literature search will be carried out in the following electronic bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, ASSIA, Web of Science, Global Health, AMED, Health Source and The Cochrane Library. Further, a manual search of the reference lists of eligible studies and reviews will be carried out. The search strategy will include combinations of three key blocks of terms, namely: ‘young people’, ‘mental health’ and ‘public health programme’, using database-specific subject headings and text words. Two reviewers will independently screen, assess data quality and extract data for synthesis. Disagreements at any stage will be resolved by consensus with the involvement of a third reviewer. Given the anticipated methodological pluralism of the potential eligible studies, we will provide a narrative synthesis of the findings on public health programmes aimed at promoting the mental health and well-being of young people according to identified thematic areas. Furthermore, a narrative synthesis of the reported facilitators and barriers in relation to the implementation of public health programmes will be provided.Ethics and disseminationGiven that the review findings will be focused on understanding the breadth and depth of the global research into public health programmes to promote mental health in young people with a particular emphasis on the facilitators and barriers of programmatic implementation, the findings will be of great value to inform future interventions, programmes and approaches to promote mental health and well-being of young people worldwide.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018099551.
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Nordheim, Lena, Kjell Sverre Pettersen, Signe Flottorp e Esther Hjälmhult. "Critical appraisal of health claims: science teachers’ perceptions and practices". Health Education 116, n. 5 (1 agosto 2016): 449–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-04-2015-0016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose – Critical appraisal skills are necessary to navigate the numerous contradictory and pseudo-scientific claims in the popular media. Health and science education in schools is essential for promoting these skills in students. The purpose of this paper is to explore lower secondary school science teachers’ perceptions and reported practices related to teaching critical appraisal of health claims. Design/methodology/approach – Interpretive description strategy guided the study process. A purposeful sample of 25 Norwegian teachers was interviewed individually or in groups. Interviews were analysed using the constant comparative method. Findings – One main theme, “unexploited opportunities for teaching critical appraisal”, and three sub-themes were identified: “inattentive to the relevance of critical appraisal”, “prioritise facts over critical appraisal”, “limited competency in critical appraisal”. Teachers’ descriptions of science sessions devoted to health education uncovered important opportunities for teaching critical appraisal of health claims. However, teachers did not appear to seize opportunities because they seemed inattentive to the relevance of teaching critical appraisal, they reported to prioritise teaching health content knowledge, and teachers themselves revealed limited expertise in assessing health claims critically. Practical implications – The findings suggest that science teachers need support to take better advantage of the links between health and science education to enhance students’ critical appraisal skills. Originality/value – This study adds depth to the understanding of issues and challenges faced by science teachers regarding critical appraisal of health claims, which is an important aspect of health education schools.
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Feygina, Irina, Teresa Myers, Bernadette Placky, Sean Sublette, Tammie Souza, John Toohey-Morales e Edward Maibach. "Localized Climate Reporting by TV Weathercasters Enhances Public Understanding of Climate Change as a Local Problem: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Experiment". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, n. 7 (1 luglio 2020): E1092—E1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-19-0079.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract A rapidly growing number of TV weathercasters are reporting on the local implications of climate change, although little is known about the effectiveness of such communication. To test the impact of localized climate reporting, we conducted an internet-based randomized controlled experiment in which local TV news viewers (n = 1,200) from two American cities (Chicago and Miami) watched either three localized climate reports or three standard weather reports featuring a prominent TV weathercaster from their city; each of the videos was between 1 and 2 min in duration. Participants’ understanding of climate change as real, human-caused, and locally relevant was assessed with a battery of questions after watching the set of three videos. Compared to participants who watched weather reports, participants who watched climate reports became significantly more likely to 1) understand that climate change is happening, is human-caused, and is causing harm in their community; 2) feel that climate change is personally relevant and express greater concern about it; and 3) feel that they understand how climate change works and express greater interest in learning more about it. In short, our findings demonstrate that watching even a brief amount of localized climate reporting (less than 6 min) delivered by TV weathercasters helps viewers develop a more accurate understanding of global climate change as a locally and personally relevant problem, and offer strong support for this promising approach to promoting enhanced public understanding of climate change through public media.
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Concannon, Claire, e Muriel Grenon. "Researchers: share your passion for science!" Biochemical Society Transactions 44, n. 5 (15 ottobre 2016): 1507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20160086.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The promotion of the public understanding of science has many positive impacts on society, including expanding the reach of science to a broader range of individuals and having a favourable impact on the economy. It also results in many benefits for researchers involved, including the development of their communication skills and improvement in the quality of their research. Despite increased awareness of the importance of public engagement (PE), the involvement of researchers has only slightly increased in the last 10 years. Time constraints, lack of opportunity and lack of funding are the main barriers preventing their participation. We propose that joining an existing PE programme can be a good way for scientists to overcome these barriers. We list specific examples of established activities that are easy for researchers to get involved in, allowing them to share their enthusiasm for science.
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Bäckstrand, Karin. "Civic Science for Sustainability: Reframing the Role of Experts, Policy-Makers and Citizens in Environmental Governance". Global Environmental Politics 3, n. 4 (1 novembre 2003): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638003322757916.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The essay reviews the notion of “civic science” in global environmental governance and how it is articulated in international relations, science studies, democratic theory and sustainability science. Civic science is used interchangeably with participatory, citizen, stakeholder and democratic science, which are all catch words that signify various attempts to increase public participation in the production and use of scientific knowledge. Three rationales for civic science are identified: restoring public trust in science, re-orienting science towards coping with the complexity of environmental problems and installing democratic governance of science. A central proposition is that the promotion of civic science needs to be coupled with a theoretical understanding of its institutional, normative and epistemological challenges. The science-politics interface needs to be reframed to include the triangular interaction between scientific experts, policy-makers and citizens.
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Chabin, Marie-Anne. "The potential for collaboration between AI and archival science in processing data from the French great national debate". Records Management Journal 30, n. 2 (14 febbraio 2020): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rmj-08-2019-0042.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show how archival expertise and diplomatic analysis can enrich the documentary corpuses analyzed by artificial intelligence tools. Here, the demonstration is based on a freely accessible material: the data from the great national debate launched in early 2019 by the French President Macron in response to the large-scale social movement known as the “yellow vests”. Design/methodology/approach Step 1 consisted of understanding the methods and conclusions of the providers responsible for processing the data of the great debate (1.5 million contributors). Step 2 was to analyze the formal elements of a random set of online contributions. Then, to compare the results. Findings This research shows that the processing of the data is based almost exclusively on texts, to the detriment of data on the source, date and arrangement of contributions, which could nevertheless be exploited as metadata. Research limitations/implications The mass of data and the lack of online accessibility of part of the corpus did not make it possible to complete the experiment. Practical implications This research lays the foundation for other projects for collaboration between archival science and artificial intelligence tools. Social implications There is a social challenge involving researchers in information sciences in public debate and governmental consultations. There is also an issue for a records manager to become more involved in the production of public records by promoting their specific skills in information management. Originality/value The originality of this paper is to show how archival science can help to improve the quality of the documentary corpuses used by artificial intelligence tools, and therefore, to improve the performance of these tools.