Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Radiation interception"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Radiation interception"
1
Groot, Arthur. "A model to estimate light interception by tree crowns, applied to black spruce." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 4 (April 1, 2004): 788–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-242.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
CORONA is a spatially explicit model designed to efficiently estimate the quantity of shortwave radiation intercepted by individual tree crowns. Radiation interception is determined from intersections of light rays with tree crowns for rays originating throughout the sky hemisphere. CORONA comprises a flexible, asymmetric description of crowns, a computationally efficient ray-tracing procedure, numerical solution of ray × crown intersections, and several alternative within-crown light interception functions. The interception functions were calibrated and evaluated in two plots located in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) stands, where tree positions and crowns were mapped. An interception function using only the number of intercepting crowns (i.e., a hits function) generally resulted in better agreement between modelled and observed light levels than an interception function using the total path length through crowns. There was some evidence that transmission was greater in parts of crowns within low-light-level environments. This effect can be incorporated into an interception function for more realistic modelling of interception. Errors in crown description are likely the main cause of discrepancies between modelled and observed light levels on a half-hourly basis. The agreement between modelled and observed light levels on a daily basis indicates that CORONA can provide useful estimates of light interception by tree crowns.
2
Steven, M. D., P. V. Biscoe, K. W. Jaggard, and J. Paruntu. "Foliage cover and radiation interception." Field Crops Research 13 (January 1986): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(86)90012-2.
Testo completo
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A. K. MISHRA, PADMAKAR TRIPATHI, R. K. PAL, and S. R. MISHRA. "Light interception and radiation use efficiency of wheat varieties as influenced by number of irrigations." Journal of Agrometeorology 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2009): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v11i2.1240.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
An experiment was conducted during rabi seasons of 2002-03 and 2003-04 to quantify the light interception and radiation use efficiency for three wheat varieties as affected by variable number of irrigations with the combination of three wheat varieties viz., HUW-234, HD-2285 and PBW-154. The light interception increased successively till 90 days after sowing (DAS) and thereafter a gradual decrease was observed till maturity of the crop. Four irrigations given at CRI, late tillering, late jointing and ear head formation stages showed highest radiation interception followed by three and two irrigations, however, the lowest radiation interception was observed for wheat crop receiving one irrigation only. On an average, 19.08 % and 12.79 % increase in radiation interception was found for wheat crop irrigated four and three times respectively as compared to singly irrigated crop. Highest radiation interception was recorded with HUW 234 followed by HD 2285 at all the growth stages except 15, 30, 45 DAS. More light interception reflected in significantly superior yield and yield attributes in the order of I4>I3>I2>I1. Subsequently, radiation useefficiency (RUE) also followed the similar trend showing highest and lowest RUE with four and one irrigation respectively. Among the different varieties, HUW-234 recorded highest radiation use efficiency followed by HD-2285. The average RUE during the entire growing period for HUW-234 and HD-2285 was found to be 1.68 g MJ-1 and 1.63 g MJ-1 respectively, which was 4.83 and 1.95 % higher than PBW-154.
4
J. S. BRAR, J. S. BAL, and SOM PAL SINGH. "Radiant energy distribution in guava (Psidium guajava L.) plants at different spacings." Journal of Agrometeorology 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2009): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v11i2.1239.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study on radiant energy distribution in guava was carried out to optimize the planting density with respect to solar radiation interception by the plants to get higher yield of good quality fruits per unit area. The present investigations reveals that with increase in plant spacing from 6x2m to 6x4m the interception of radiation increased significantly during both rainy and winter crop seasons. However, it starts declining with further increase in plant spacing to 6x5m level. The interception of radiation remains somewhat static during the summer and rainy season months (May-September) and then starts decreasing with the advent of winter season upto April with sharp decline during the month of December to February. In the upper 1/3rd portion of plant canopy, more than 75% radiations were intercepted irrespective of plant spacing followed by 12-16% in middle and 6-9% in the lower 1/3rd parts of plant canopies. The plant spacing of 6x2m and 6x3m was found to be not encouraging owing to lower distribution of radiations particularly in middle and lower parts of plants. The plant spacing of 6x4m was found to be best due tomaximum absorption of solar radiation for higher fruiting of better quality fruits.
5
Olesen, Trevor, Stephen Morris, and Lisa McFadyen. "Modelling the interception of photosynthetically active radiation by evergreen subtropical hedgerows." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 3 (2007): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06110.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Horticultural tree crop yields tend to be linearly correlated with the percentage of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted by the canopies, at least for part of the PAR interception range. Models of PAR interception by hedgerows have been used in the design of orchards for temperate tree crops, especially apples, but not for subtropical tree crops, such as lychee and macadamia. Subtropical crops need special consideration because of the latitudes at which they are grown, the specific shapes and dimensions of the hedgerows, and the evergreen habit, which requires an understanding of the entire annual cycle. We present outputs from a PAR interception model for solid rectangular and tapered hedgerows, based on a model of irradiation beneath blue skies. Annual PAR interception tends to decline as row orientation rotates from north–south to east–west, but with some exceptions for particular tree geometries, and declines slightly with decreasing latitude. Daily PAR interception is also affected by row orientation, with little seasonal variation for north–south rows but large fluctuations for east–west rows, including very high interception in winter and low interception in summer. Row orientation and tree shape greatly affect the distribution of PAR over the surface of the canopy. For example, the side faces of evenly spaced, symmetrical, identical north–south hedgerows are equally irradiated throughout the year, but there can be large seasonal differences in the relative irradiance of the north and south faces of the same hedgerows aligned east–west. The solid tapered hedgerow model tended to overestimate measured PAR interception by ~6% overall, but the percent overestimation seemed to vary with PAR interception, being greater at lower levels of PAR interception. A curvilinear relationship was found between the yield of macadamia in the Northern Rivers area of NSW in 1997 and the measured PAR intercepted by the trees, with an explained variance of 50%. Maximum yield occurred at ~86% PAR interception. Using modelled PAR interception the explained variance of the yield was 34%. Model estimates of PAR interception were close to those measured and might be used to address a range of physiological questions concerning the canopy development of subtropical hedgerows.
6
Heath, M. C., and P. D. Hebblethwaite. "Precision drilling combining peas (Pisum sativum L.) of contrasting leaf types at varying densities." Journal of Agricultural Science 108, no. 2 (April 1987): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600079466.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
SummaryField experiments were conducted in 1983–4 to investigate the effect of precision drilling and plant density on establishment, growth, radiation interception and yield of combining peas of varying leaf phenotype (Varieties ‘Birte’, leafed; ‘Filby’, leafless; and ‘BS3’, semi-leafless). Precision drilling established a more uniform plant distribution than øyjord drilling; visual differences observed soon after emergence were not observed at flowering. Precision drilling resulted in more radiation interception early in the season for semi-leafless but not leafed peas; dry-matter production and photosynthetic area index (PAI) were not increased. Yield data indicated that precision drilling produced similar yields to øyjord drilling at similar densities. Increasing plant density increased radiation interception, dry-matter production and PAI during vegetative growth; density treatment effects were less marked post-flowering. Pea leaf phenotypes differed in their yield response to increasing density. Radiation interception was related to dry-matter production and PAI to obtain an estimate of photosynthetic efficiency (ε) and the attenuation coefficient (k), respectively, ε and k were constant irrespective of spatial arrangement, leaf phenotype and plant density. The relative importance of spatial arrangement and plant density in increasing radiation interception and PAI and influence on yield is discussed; other potential agronomic advantages of precision drilling are described.
7
Cannell, M. G. R., R. Milne, L. J. Sheppard, and M. H. Unsworth. "Radiation Interception and Productivity of Willow." Journal of Applied Ecology 24, no. 1 (April 1987): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2403803.
Testo completo
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Zeng, Wenzhi, Yuchao Lu, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Thomas Gaiser, and Jiesheng Huang. "Parameter Sensitivity and Uncertainty of Radiation Interception Models for Intercropping System." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 437–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eces-2020-0028.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractEstimating the interception of radiation is the first and crucial step for the prediction of production for intercropping systems. Determining the relative importance of radiation interception models to the specific outputs could assist in developing suitable model structures, which fit to the theory of light interception and promote model improvements. Assuming an intercropping system with a taller and a shorter crop, a variance-based global sensitivity analysis (EFAST) was applied to three radiation interception models (M1, M2 and M3). The sensitivity indices including main (Si) and total effects (STi) of the fraction of intercepted radiation by the taller (ftaller), the shorter (fshorter) and both intercrops together (fall) were quantified with different perturbations of the geometric arrangement of the crops (10-60 %). We found both ftaller and fshorter in M1 are most sensitive to the leaf area index of the taller crop (LAItaller). In M2, based on the main effects, the leaf area index of the shorter crop (LAIshorter) replaces LAItaller and becomes the most sensitive parameter for fshorter when the perturbations of widths of taller and shorter crops (Wtaller and Wshorter) become 40 % and larger. Furthermore, in M3, ftaller is most sensitive to LAItaller while fshorter is most sensitive to LAIshorter before the perturbations of geometry parameters becoming larger than 50 %. Meanwhile, LAItaller, LAIshorter, and Ktaller are the three most sensitive parameters for fall in all three models. From the results we conclude that M3 is the most plausible radiation interception model among the three models.
9
Bennett, J. M., T. R. Sinclair, Li Ma, and K. J. Boote. "Single Leaf Carbon Exchange and Canopy Radiation Use Efficiency of Four Peanut Cultivars1." Peanut Science 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-20-1-1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Knowledge of the interception of solar radiation by crop canopies and the use of that radiation for carbon assimilation is essential for understanding crop growth and yield as a function of the environment. A field experiment was conducted in 1990 at Gainesville, FL to determine if differences in single leaf carbon exchange rate (CER), canopy radiation interception, radiation use efficiency (g dry matter produced per unit of solar radiation intercepted), and increase in seed harvest index with time exist among several commonly grown peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars. Four cultivars (Early Bunch, Florunner, Marc I, and Southern Runner) were grown in field plots on a Kendrick fine sand (a loamy, siliceous, hyperthermic Arenic Paleudult) under fully irrigated, intensive management. Total crop and seed dry matter accumulation were determined, and canopy radiation interception measured at weekly intervals. CER of uppermost, fully expanded sunlit leaves were determined at midday at 2-wk intervals. Single leaf CER's were similar among cultivars (25 to 35 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) and relatively stable throughout most of the season, before declining during late seed filling. Although interception of radiation differed somewhat among cultivars during early canopy development, total crop dry matter accumulation was linearly related to the cumulative amount of radiation intercepted by all four cultivars (r2=≥0.99). Radiation use efficiency was similar among all cultivars with a mean of 1.00 g dry matter accumulated per MJ of intercepted solar radiation. The increase in seed harvest index with time was linear (r2≤0.94) and the rates of increase were similar among the Early Bunch, Florunner, and Marc I cultivars (0.0058 d-1), but lower (0.0043 d-1) for the later maturing Southern Runner cultivar. Results from this study indicated that the primary differences among these four cultivars were in early-season development of the leaf canopy and resultant radiation interception and the rate of seed growth, rather than the capacity to assimilate carbon dioxide.
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Connor, David J., Ana Centeno, and María Gómez-del-Campo. "Yield determination in olive hedgerow orchards. II. Analysis of radiation and fruiting profiles." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 5 (2009): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp08253.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Profiles of fruit density, fruit size, and oil content were measured on 12 occasions in 7 olive orchards in Spain and 2 in Australia. Orchard structure varied widely. Height ranged from 2.0 to 5.5 m, row spacing from 3 to 6 m, and canopy width from 0.7 to 3 m. Most orchards were oriented north–south (N–S) but one in Spain was oriented close to east–west (E–W) (20° NE–SW). All orchards in Spain were cv. Arbequina, and in Australia they were cvv. Barnea and Picual. Analyses with a model of interception and transmission that estimated interception by individual sides of hedgerows revealed that fruit size and oil content were strongly related to intercepted radiation during the month before harvest across all orchards. Relationships were also evident between fruit density and interception but varied among orchards and years, indicating the importance of other environmental and probably physiological effects. In N–S orchards of cv. Arbequina, average fruit size and oil content increased linearly from 0.40 g (dry weight) to 0.72 g, and from 36 to 49% (of dry weight), as daily intercepted PAR increased from 6 to 25 mol/m2 (15–60% of horizontally incident radiation). The general principles of response extended to E–W orchards. There, it was shown that generally large fruit with high oil content on S sides was consistent with the plateau responses to radiation evident in the more extensive N–S data. On the N side, however, and accounting for transmission through the hedgerow, both fruit size and oil content were greater than in positions intercepting equivalent radiation in N–S orchards. Examples are provided of the utility of responses of fruit density, size, and oil content in establishing combinations of row height, row width, and row distance to improve or maintain productivity in some of the orchards included in the study.
Tesi sul tema "Radiation interception"
1
Ghezehei, Solomon Beyene. "Plant productivity, radiation interception and water balance as indicators of tree-crop interactions in hedgerow intercropping systems : a Jatropha - Kikuyu case study." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40252.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The potential of agroforestry to alleviate problems related to scarcities of arable land, water, food and fuel
wood is subject to understanding system functioning and implementing and managing an efficiently
designed system. The objectives of this study were to understand interactions and productivity of a
hedgerow intercropping system with reference to water and radiation use, and analyse system design and
management scenarios in order to enhance returns. Field trials monitoring soil water, solar radiation and
plant productivity were conducted during 2006-2008 at Ukulinga Research Farm (KwaZulu Natal, South
Africa) using a Jatropha-Kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) hedgerow intercropping system as case study.
In order to extrapolate results, a process-based hedgerow intercropping model was developed by building
intercropping and tree growth into the SWB-2D model. Data collected from the field trials were used to
parameterise and evaluate the model, which was used to analyse hedgerow orientation and spacing to
determine income scenarios of virtual system and to help develop design criteria.
Allometric relationships of Jatropha using basal stem diameter and crown width as predictor variables were
found to be very reliable. Stem diameter was linearly related with wood and branch proportions and
inversely proportional to foliage. Neither below-ground (BG) interspecies competition nor tree spacing had
any significant effects on allometry. Allometric equations were proven valid for accurate, non-destructive
and rapid predictions of tree growth under various growing and non-destructive canopy management
conditions.
When interspecies competition was present, none of the tree spacing/arrangement options tested resulted
in consistently highest tree relative growth rates (RGR). Treatments had no effect on tree RGR when high
water availability and kikuyu dormancy coincided. The single-row treatment (SR) produced the shortest
trees, but generally had the highest stem RGR during low rainfall periods. The standard-spacing treatment
(SS) had the highest RGR during the spring and summer seasons. Jatropha-only treatment (JO) trees were
the tallest and biggest. Treatments affected post-pruning tree height increase, even when rainfall was high.
Length of tree-crop interface (TCI) generally decreased tree yield, especially as trees matured toward their
maximum-yield age (4-5 years). SR trees showed slow response to pruning due to a high TCI. They,
however, exhibited compensatory growth during May to August, when competition for water with grass
was low. BG competition reduced tree nut yield more than tree biomass. Tree spacing/arrangements had
no effect on tree harvest index.
Soil water varied among treatments and was asymmetrically distributed across tree hedgerows. System ET
was generally the highest in SR and lowest in the double-row treatment (DR). Differences were mainly due
to transpiration. Treatments affected tree root distribution, which was inferred using correlations between
tree RGR and soil water deficit (SWD). In JO and SR, fine tree roots were asymmetrically distributed. Their
distribution in DR was essentially symmetrical. Strong vegetative RGR-SWD correlations during the 2007/08
season indicated that tree growth was mainly water-limited. Though DR and SR had comparable tree RGRs,
DR produced less grass than SR. This implied DR had more intensive BG competition than SR. Interspecific competition was severe due to a lack of temporal complementarity between Jatropha and kikuyu and a
shallow soil profile (0.6 m). Tree water uptake predominantly came from the 0.2 – 0.6 depth, which had
about 8.6% of the total root biomass in the profile. There was no clear relationship between intercrop
growth and root distribution. Radiation use efficiency of kikuyu decreased towards tree hedgerows possibly
due to preceding interaction of the irradiance with tree canopy reducing photosynthetically active radiation.
The effect of radiation distribution on tree-crop (T-C) interactions was mainly to magnify effects of water.
Finally, tree spacing/arrangement could be manipulated to optimise radiation and soil water distribution
and intercrop growth.
Predictions of solar radiation distribution, profile water content and tree water use were quite accurate. In
general, intercrop productivity simulations were acceptable. Intercrop growth was overestimated when
rainfall was high and underestimated when rainfall was low. During model calibration, tree woody biomass,
leaf area index, crown width and nut yield were predicted adequately, while leaf dry mass was
overestimated. During model validation, woody biomass and crown width were simulated reasonably well.
However, foliage biomass, leaf area index and nut yield were overestimated. Overall, adequacy of the
model for simulating tree productivity was established. Using scenario modelling, model capabilities to
facilitate design/planning and management of hedgerow intercropping systems and interpretation of model
outputs were demonstrated. The model can be used to determine the T-C trade-off that yields maximum
income. By selecting best-case row orientation and spacing scenarios using the model, and keeping in mind
values of tree and intercrop yields, system returns can be maximised. Tree crown growth can also be
predicted in order to decide on the extent and timing of pruning.
The present model is applicable to any potential tree-intercrop combination. It should be linked to a
nutrient simulator of SWB, its component, and appraised further by considering shade-intolerant and
shade-loving crop species, along with evergreen and deciduous tree species. This provides model users
with numerous T-C combinations to choose from. Various tree spacing/arrangement options can also be
explored using the model in order to realise the full potential and implications of the experimental findings
of this study and others.<br>Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.<br>gm2014<br>Plant Production and Soil Science<br>unrestricted
2
Thierry, Julien. "Impact des arbres d’alignement sur le microclimat et le stress thermique humain en ville : effet des vagues de chaleur et des sécheresses." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NSARD108.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les surchauffes urbaines,additionnées aux vagues de chaleur dont la fréquence et l’intensité augmentent en raison du changement climatique, exposent les citadins à un stress thermique croissant. Les arbres d’alignement peuvent permettre d’atténuer ces surchauffes grâce à l’ombrage et la transpiration,deux phénomènes qui peuvent dépendre de leurs caractéristiques morphologiques et physiologiques. En parallèle, les périodes de sécheresse se multiplient et la capacité des arbres d’alignement à croître tout en maintenant des services climatiques importants dans des conditions chaudes et sèches est en jeu. Pour améliorer la compréhension des facteurs influant sur les bénéfices climatiques des arbres, une démarche de recherche basée sur la mesure des interactions le long du continuum sol-arbre atmosphère dans deux dispositifs expérimentaux complémentaires est proposée. D’un côté, une rue canyon à échelle 1/5èmepartiellement végétalisée avec des jeunes pommiers d’ornement (Malus Coccinella® ‘Courtarou’) en pot et irrigués située à Angers(France) a été instrumentée pour quantifier les effets sur le microclimat d’arbres soumis à différentes disponibilités en eau. De l’autre, une campagne de mesures in-situ du microclimat dans et autour de la couronne de 36 arbres d’alignement adultes de 9 essences différentes répartis sur 5 sites dans Paris (France) a été menée. L’analyse croisée de ces deux dispositifs fournit une vue d’ensemble des sources de variabilité des bénéfices climatiques et propose aux aménageurs une meilleure compréhension des liens entre la résistance à la sécheresse des arbres d’alignement et leur pouvoir de réduction du stress thermiquehumain<br>Cities are characterized by an urban overheating which, combined to more frequent and intense heatwaves caused by climate change, expose the city dwellers to an increasing human thermal stress. Street trees may partially mitigate overheating by means of cast shadows and transpiration, two processes which may depend on their morphological and physiological characteristics. At the same time, periods of severe water shortage are multiplying and the ability of street trees to thrive and maintain significant cooling benefits under heat and drought conditions is crucial. In order to improve the understanding of the factors influencing tree climatic benefits, a methodology based on the monitoring of the interactions along the soil-tree atmospherecontinuum in two complementary experimental facilities was developed. On the one hand, a 1/5 scale canyon street, partially planted with young potted drip-irrigated ornamental apple trees (Malus Coccinella® ‘Courtarou’) located in Angers, France was monitored to quantify the effect of street trees experiencing different water supplies on the microclimate. On the other hand, an in-situ monitoring of the microclimate inside and outside the canopy for 36 mature street trees from 9 different tree species located in 5 sites in Paris, France, was performed. On the basis of a detailed cross-analysis of these two experimental facilities, an integrated assessment of the street trees climatic benefits was proposed to explore the sources of variability of the climatic benefits provided by trees and help stakeholders understand the relationship between drought resistance and human thermal stress mitigation for different tree species
3
Sousa, Miguel António Leão de. "Avaliação de novos sistemas de produção de Pera Rocha em alta densidade com recurso à modelação e à integração de processos fisiológicos." Doctoral thesis, ISA, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6159.
Testo completo
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Mills, Annamaria. "Understanding constraints to cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) based pasture production." Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Agriculture and Life Sciences Division, 2007. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20070717.161658/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research examined the mechanisms by which temperature, water availability and nitrogen (N) affect the dry matter (DM) yield potential of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) dominant pastures. The experiment was a split plot design with main plots of fully irrigated (I) or dryland (D), sub-plots of N fertiliser at 800 kg N/ha in 2003/04; and 1600 kg N/ha in 2004/05 (+N) or 0 kg N/ha (-N). The potential environmental yield of an established 8 year old cocksfoot dominant pasture was 21.9 t DM/ha/y from I+N pastures compared with 9.8 t DM/ha by I-N pastures and 15.1 t DM/ha/y by D+N pastures. The lowest yields were from dryland pastures with no N which produced 7.5 t DM/ha/y in 2003/03 and 5.0 t DM/ha/y in 2004/05.
The effect of seasonal temperatures on the DM production, when periods of water stress were excluded, was quantified using thermal time accumulated above a base temperature of 3°C as 7.0 kg DM/°Cd/ha for N fertilised pastures and 3.3 kg DM/°Cd/ha for pastures with no N.
The 2.5 t DM/ha difference in yields of D-N pastures in 2003/04 and 2004/05 was the result of the duration, extent and timing of the water stress period. In both years the critical limiting deficit (DL) was calculated as 78 mm from the soil moisture deficit in the 0-0.8 m soil layers. Beyond DL yield decreased at a rate of 1.45%/mm in +N and N pastures, relative to fully irrigated control pastures.
Yields of D+N and D-N pastures were similar during periods of water stress with 0.4±0.1 t/DM/ha produced during the rotation ending 30/12/2003. This was less than from either the I-N (1.2 t DM/ha) or I+N (3.5 t DM/ha) pastures due to the reduction in the amount of photosynthetically active radiation intercepted by the canopies of the dryland pastures. However, in the rotation ending 2/5/2004, after autumn rain alleviated drought conditions, yield of the D+N pasture was 2.1 t DM/ha compared with 1.7 t DM/ha by I+N pastures.
The effect of N on yield was described using a nutrition index which showed that as DM yield increased N% in the herbage declined. This is a function of the ratio between metabolic and structural N requirements rather than caused by ontogeny alone. Specific leaf N was determined at two harvests and appeared constant at a given point in time (1.0-1.6 g N/m² leaf). In contrast, specific pseudostem N increased from 0.8-1.0 g N/m² pseudostem at an NNI of 0.4 in N pastures to 2.6-3.0 g N/m² pseudostem at an NNI of 1.2 in the +N pastures.
Differences between the yields of +N and N pastures were caused by differences in radiation use efficiency (RUE) as determined by the linear relationship (R²=0.76) between RUE and the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI).
In this thesis, empirical relationships for the effects of temperature, water availability and N were derived and the physiological mechanisms which underlie these descriptions were identified. These relationships provide clear and simple explanations of the effects of environmental variables on the productivity of cocksfoot based pastures which will enhance understanding of the benefits and limitations of cocksfoot, particularly in dryland farming systems.
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Neto, Sílvio Dias Pereira. "Características hidrometeorológicas em uma floresta de Pinus elliotii no Cerrado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-31102016-151436/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
O governo do Estado de São Paulo, na década de 60, realizou um programa de introdução de florestas do gênero Pinus para consolidar esta cultura no estado. Algumas destas florestas foram implantadas em áreas do Cerrado, que estavam degradadas devido à utilização para pastagens. Com a intenção de contribuir para um melhor entendimento das características hidrometeorológicas em uma floresta de P. elliotii, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram analisar a repartição da precipitação, o balanço de radiação acima do dossel, o perfil da temperatura do ar e comparar algumas características hidrometeorológicas desta floresta com as características em uma área aberta (gramado) e em uma área campestre de cerrado (pastagem). Na floresta foram instaladas estações meteorológicas automáticas no alto de uma torre e no interior. A repartição da precipitação resultou, pela medição manual, em uma precipitação interna de 75,2%, um escoamento pelo tronco de 0,5% e uma interceptação de 24,3% na floresta. Pela medição automática obteve-se uma precipitação interna de 78,7%. O albedo da floresta apresentou um valor médio de 12,8% e a radiação líquida variou de 6,0 MJm-2dia-1 a 14,2 MJm-2dia-1\'. A diferença da temperatura média do ar, no dossel e no interior da floresta, foi de 0,4ºC. Esta pesquisa apresenta uma grande contribuição para o cenário nacional na área de monitoramento hidrometeorológico de florestas.<br>The government of São Paulo State, Brazil, forty years ago, carried out a program of introduction of forest species with the main objective to consolidate the Pinus culture in the State. Some of these forests were implanted in areas of the Cerrado that were degraded due their use for grassland. The aim of the present work was to verify the hydrometeorologycal characteristics of Pinus elliottii forest, located in Cerrado, in the central region of São Paulo State, and to compare some characteristics among forest, grassland and lawn. In the forest were installed two automatic meteorological stations, one on the tower top and other inside of the forest. The partitionings of the precipitation by manual measurement were 75.2% for throughfall, 0.5% for stemflow and 24.3% for forest interception. By automatic measurement it was obtained 78.7% for throughfall. Forest\'s albedo presented an average value of 12.8% and net radiation ranged from 6.0 MJm-2day-1 to 14.2 MJm-2day-1. The diference of average air temperature between the canopy and the interior of the forest was 0.4ºC. This study presents a great contribuition to the national ambit of the hydrometeorologycal monitoring in forests.
6
Junior, Josà AntÃnio Alves Cutrim. "Growth and morphophysiology in canopy tanzÃnia grasses with three defoliation frequencies and two post-grazing residues." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1702.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico<br>A pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento e as caracterÃsticas morfofisiolÃgicas do dossel de Panicum maximum cv. TanzÃnia sob lotaÃÃo rotativa com trÃs perÃodos de descanso e dois resÃduos pÃs-pastejo. A pesquisa foi conduzida no campo avanÃado do NÃcleo de Ensino e Estudo em Forragicultura-NEEF/DZ/CCA/UFC, localizado na Fazenda Experimental Vale do CurÃ-FEVC/CCA/UFC, em Pentecoste/CE. O mÃtodo de pastejo utilizado foi o de lotaÃÃo rotativa com taxa de lotaÃÃo variÃvel com perÃodo de pastejo de quatro dias. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado em um arranjo fatorial 3 x 2 sendo, trÃs perÃodos de descanso do pasto estabelecidos em funÃÃo do tempo necessÃrio para a restauraÃÃo de um Ãndice de Ãrea foliar que intercepte 85; 95 e 97% da radiaÃÃo fotossinteticamente ativa (RFA) e dois resÃduos pÃs-pastejo, constituÃdos de dois IAFâs residuais, 1,0 e 1,8. Tais variÃveis foram determinadas por meio do Analisador PAR/LAI em Agricultura DECAGON PAR-80 (DECAGON Devices, Inc., Pullman, Washington-USA). O intervalo entre pastejo foi maior para PD 97% IRFA (34 dias) e para o IAFr 1,0 (28,2 dias). A curva de evoluÃÃo da IRFA apresentou-se assintÃtica em relaÃÃo a idade de rebrotaÃÃo do capim, estabilizando-se ao nÃvel de 95% IRFA. JÃ a curva de evoluÃÃo do IAF foi crescente, mesmo apÃs atingir o IAF crÃtico. Houve efeito da IRFA, do IAFr (P<0,05) e da interaÃÃo IRFA x IAFr (P<0,15) sobre a TAlF1/TAlF2. Para a TAlF observou-se efeito da IRFA e do IAFr (P<0,05), sendo que a menor interceptaÃÃo (85% IRFA) e o maior IAFr (1,8) foram os que obtiveram maiores TAlF. A TAlH sofreu efeito apenas do PD (P<0,05). Houve efeito da IRFA e do IAFr (P<0,05) sobre TST, sendo que a maior interceptaÃÃo (1,20 cm/perxdia) e o IAFr 1,0 (0,96 cm/perxdia) que tiveram a maior TST. A percentagem de 85% IRFA (0,12 folha/dia), assim como o IAFr 1,8 (0,11 folha/dia) obtiveram os maiores valores de TApF. O Filocrono sofreu efeito da IRFA (P<0,05) e da interaÃÃo IRFA x IAFr (P<0,15) com 11,05 dias/folha para 95% IRFA e a interaÃÃo ocorrendo para 85% IRFA. Para TAF houve efeito apenas da IRFA (P<0,05). Houve efeito da IRFA (P<0,05) sobre o IAF. A Altura sofreu efeito tanto da IRFA quanto do IAFr (P<0,05). A MSFT e a MSFV sofreram efeito apenas da IRFA (P<0,05). A MSFM sofreu efeito apenas da interaÃÃo IRFA x IAFr (P<0,15), ocorrendo na interceptaÃÃo de 85%. Houve efeito da interaÃÃo IRFA x IAFr sobre a relaÃÃo MV/MM (P<0,15). Houve efeito apenas do IRFA (P<0,05) sobre a MSLV e MSCV. Houve efeito do IAFr (P<0,05) sobre a relaÃÃo Folha/colmo. A DPP sofreu efeito da IRFA, dos IAFrs (P<0,05) e da interaÃÃo IRFA x IAFr (P<0,15). Houve efeito apenas da IRFA (P<0,05)
sobre o nÃmero de Folhas/perfilho. No que tange as variÃveis estruturais pÃs pastejo observou-se um efeito do IAFr (P<0,05) sobre a IRFA. A Altura residual sofreu apenas efeito do IAFr (P<0,05). A MSFT e a MSFM sofreram efeito da IRFA, dos IAFrs (P<0,05) e da interaÃÃo IRFA x IAFr (P<0,15). A MSFV e a MSLV sofreram efeito dos IAFrs (P<0,05). Houve interaÃÃo entre o IRFA x IAFr (P<0,15) para a relaÃÃo MV/MM. Houve efeito da IRFA e IAFrs (P<0,05) sobre a MSCV. Houve efeito da IRFA (P<0,05) sobre a relaÃÃo Folha/colmo. A DPP apresentou efeito da IRFA, dos IAFrs (P<0,05) e da interaÃÃo IRFA x IAFr (P<0,15). O nÃmero de Folhas/perfilho estimado pelo mÃtodo morfogÃnico subestimou os valores obtidos pelo mÃtodo visual de campo, mas sendo que apresentou valores confiÃveis e na mesma tendÃncia do nÃmero de Folhas/perfilho obtida pelo mÃtodo visual. O mesmo observa-se para os mÃtodos de obtenÃÃo dos valores da DPP onde o mÃtodo do quadrado superestimou o mÃtodo do transceto, mas apresentando valores dentro da realidade da forrageira e do mÃtodo de pastejo utilizado, podendo perfeitamente ser empregado, facilitando a obtenÃÃo dos valores dessa variÃvel. Valores da TPF e da TAF estimados pelo mÃtodo agronÃmico superestimaram os valores obtidos pelo mÃtodo morfogÃnico.<br>The research was carried through with the
objective of evalua
ting the growth and
morphophysiological characteristics in canopy
of Tanzania grasses under intermittent
grazing with three defoliation frequencies and
two post-grazing residues. The research was
driven in the advanced field of the Nucleu
s of Teaching and Study in Forragicultura-
NEEF/DZ/CCA/UFC, located in Experi
mental Farme it is Worth of CurÃ-
FEVC/CCA/UFC, in Pentecoste/CE. The method of used grazing was it of intermittent
grazing with tax of variable capacity with peri
od of pastejo of four days. The split plot was
it entirely randomizer in a factorial arrangemen
t 3 x 2 being, three defoliation frequencies
of the pasture established in f
unction of the necessary time fo
r the restoration of an area
index to foliate that
it intercepts 85; 95 a
nd 97% of the photosyntheti
cally active radiation
(PAR) and two residues powder grazing, constitu
ted of two residual IAF's, 1.0 and 1.8.
Such variables were certain through the An
alisador PAR/LAI in Agricultura DECAGON
PAR-80 (DECAGON Devices, Inc
., Pullman, Washington-use
s). The interval among
pastejo went larger for PD 97% IRFA (34 days) and for IAFr 1.0 (28.2 days). The curve of
evolution of IRFA came asymptot
ic in relation to age of re
growth of the grass, being
stabilized at the level of 95% interception PA
R. Already the curve of evolution of IAF was
growing, even after reaching critical IAF. Ther
e was effect of IRFA,
of IAFr (P<0.05) and
of the interaction IRFA x IAFr
(P<0.15) on TAlF1/TAlF2. Para
TAlF was noticed effect of
IRFA and of IAFr (P<0.05), a
nd smallest interception (85%
IRFA) and largest IAFr (1.8)
they were the ones that obtaine
d larger TAlF. TAlH suffered e
ffect just of IRFA (P<0.05).
There was effect of IRFA
and of IAFr (P<0.05) on TST,
and most lingering IRFA
(1.20 cm/perxdia) and IAFr 1.0 (0.96 cm/perxdia)
that had largest TST.
The interception of
85% (0.12 leaf/days), as well as IAFr 1.8 (0.11 l
eaf/days) they obtaine
d the largest values
of TApF. Phylochron suffered e
ffect of IRFA (P<0.05) and of
the interaction IRFA x IAFr
(P<0.15) with 11.05 days/leaf for 95% IRFA an
d the interaction happening for 85% IRFA.
There was effect just of IRFA
(P<0.05) for TAF. There was e
ffect of IRFA (P <0.05) on
IAF. The height suffered so much effect of IRFA, as of IAFr (P<0.05). MSFT and MSFV
suffered effect just of IRFA (P<0.05). MSFM suff
ered effect just of the interac
tion IRFA x
IAFr (P<0.15), happening for 85% IRFA. There
was effect of the interaction IRFA x IAFr
about the relationship MV/MM (P<0.15). There
was effect just of IRFA (P<0.05) on
MSLV and MSCV. There was effect of IAFr
(P<0.05) about the relationship Leaf/stem.
7
Cutrim, Junior José Antônio Alves. "Crescimento e morfofisiologia do dossel do capim-tanzânia com três freqüências de desfolhação e dois resíduos pós-pastejo." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18764.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
CUTRIM JÚNIOR, José Antônio Alves. Crescimento e morfofisiologia do dossel do capim-tanzânia com três freqüências de desfolhação e dois resíduos pós-pastejo. 2007. 104 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Fortaleza-CE, 2007<br>Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-01T12:50:22Z
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Previous issue date: 2007<br>The research was carried through with the objective of evalua ting the growth and morphophysiological characteristics in canopy of Tanzania grasses under intermittent grazing with three defoliation frequencies and two post-grazing residues. The research was driven in the advanced field of the Nucleu s of Teaching and Study in Forragicultura- NEEF/DZ/CCA/UFC, located in Experi mental Farme it is Worth of Curú- FEVC/CCA/UFC, in Pentecoste/CE. The method of used grazing was it of intermittent grazing with tax of variable capacity with peri od of pastejo of four days. The split plot was it entirely randomizer in a factorial arrangemen t 3 x 2 being, three defoliation frequencies of the pasture established in f unction of the necessary time fo r the restoration of an area index to foliate that it intercepts 85; 95 a nd 97% of the photosyntheti cally active radiation (PAR) and two residues powder grazing, constitu ted of two residual IAF's, 1.0 and 1.8. Such variables were certain through the An alisador PAR/LAI in Agricultura DECAGON PAR-80 (DECAGON Devices, Inc ., Pullman, Washington-use s). The interval among pastejo went larger for PD 97% IRFA (34 days) and for IAFr 1.0 (28.2 days). The curve of evolution of IRFA came asymptot ic in relation to age of re growth of the grass, being stabilized at the level of 95% interception PA R. Already the curve of evolution of IAF was growing, even after reaching critical IAF. Ther e was effect of IRFA, of IAFr (P<0.05) and of the interaction IRFA x IAFr (P<0.15) on TAlF1/TAlF2. Para TAlF was noticed effect of IRFA and of IAFr (P<0.05), a nd smallest interception (85% IRFA) and largest IAFr (1.8) they were the ones that obtaine d larger TAlF. TAlH suffered e ffect just of IRFA (P<0.05). There was effect of IRFA and of IAFr (P<0.05) on TST, and most lingering IRFA (1.20 cm/perxdia) and IAFr 1.0 (0.96 cm/perxdia) that had largest TST. The interception of 85% (0.12 leaf/days), as well as IAFr 1.8 (0.11 l eaf/days) they obtaine d the largest values of TApF. Phylochron suffered e ffect of IRFA (P<0.05) and of the interaction IRFA x IAFr (P<0.15) with 11.05 days/leaf for 95% IRFA an d the interaction happening for 85% IRFA. There was effect just of IRFA (P<0.05) for TAF. There was e ffect of IRFA (P <0.05) on IAF. The height suffered so much effect of IRFA, as of IAFr (P<0.05). MSFT and MSFV suffered effect just of IRFA (P<0.05). MSFM suff ered effect just of the interac tion IRFA x IAFr (P<0.15), happening for 85% IRFA. There was effect of the interaction IRFA x IAFr about the relationship MV/MM (P<0.15). There was effect just of IRFA (P<0.05) on MSLV and MSCV. There was effect of IAFr (P<0.05) about the relationship Leaf/stem.<br>A pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento e as características morfofisiológicas do dossel de Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia sob lotação rotativa com três períodos de descanso e dois resíduos pós-pastejo. A pesquisa foi conduzida no campo avançado do Núcleo de Ensino e Estudo em Forragicultura-NEEF/DZ/CCA/UFC, localizado na Fazenda Experimental Vale do Curú-FEVC/CCA/UFC, em Pentecoste/CE. O método de pastejo utilizado foi o de lotação rotativa com taxa de lotação variável com período de pastejo de quatro dias. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado em um arranjo fatorial 3 x 2 sendo, três períodos de descanso do pasto estabelecidos em função do tempo necessário para a restauração de um índice de área foliar que intercepte 85; 95 e 97% da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (RFA) e dois resíduos pós-pastejo, constituídos de dois IAF’s residuais, 1,0 e 1,8. Tais variáveis foram determinadas por meio do Analisador PAR/LAI em Agricultura DECAGON PAR-80 (DECAGON Devices, Inc., Pullman, Washington-USA). O intervalo entre pastejo foi maior para PD 97% IRFA (34 dias) e para o IAFr 1,0 (28,2 dias). A curva de evolução da IRFA apresentou-se assintótica em relação a idade de rebrotação do capim, estabilizando-se ao nível de 95% IRFA. Já a curva de evolução do IAF foi crescente, mesmo após atingir o IAF crítico. Houve efeito da IRFA, do IAFr (P<0,05) e da interação IRFA x IAFr (P<0,15) sobre a TAlF1/TAlF2. Para a TAlF observou-se efeito da IRFA e do IAFr (P<0,05), sendo que a menor interceptação (85% IRFA) e o maior IAFr (1,8) foram os que obtiveram maiores TAlF. A TAlH sofreu efeito apenas do PD (P<0,05). Houve efeito da IRFA e do IAFr (P<0,05) sobre TST, sendo que a maior interceptação (1,20 cm/perxdia) e o IAFr 1,0 (0,96 cm/perxdia) que tiveram a maior TST. A percentagem de 85% IRFA (0,12 folha/dia), assim como o IAFr 1,8 (0,11 folha/dia) obtiveram os maiores valores de TApF. O Filocrono sofreu efeito da IRFA (P<0,05) e da interação IRFA x IAFr (P<0,15) com 11,05 dias/folha para 95% IRFA e a interação ocorrendo para 85% IRFA. Para TAF houve efeito apenas da IRFA (P<0,05). Houve efeito da IRFA (P<0,05) sobre o IAF. A Altura sofreu efeito tanto da IRFA quanto do IAFr (P<0,05). A MSFT e a MSFV sofreram efeito apenas da IRFA (P<0,05). A MSFM sofreu efeito apenas da interação IRFA x IAFr (P<0,15), ocorrendo na interceptação de 85%. Houve efeito da interação IRFA x IAFr sobre a relação MV/MM (P<0,15). Houve efeito apenas do IRFA (P<0,05) sobre a MSLV e MSCV. Houve efeito do IAFr (P<0,05) sobre a relação Folha/colmo. A DPP sofreu efeito da IRFA, dos IAFrs (P<0,05) e da interação IRFA x IAFr (P<0,15). Houve efeito apenas da IRFA (P<0,05) sobre o número de Folhas/perfilho. No que tange as variáveis estruturais pós pastejo observou-se um efeito do IAFr (P<0,05) sobre a IRFA. A Altura residual sofreu apenas efeito do IAFr (P<0,05). A MSFT e a MSFM sofreram efeito da IRFA, dos IAFrs (P<0,05) e da interação IRFA x IAFr (P<0,15). A MSFV e a MSLV sofreram efeito dos IAFrs (P<0,05). Houve interação entre o IRFA x IAFr (P<0,15) para a relação MV/MM. Houve efeito da IRFA e IAFrs (P<0,05) sobre a MSCV. Houve efeito da IRFA (P<0,05) sobre a relação Folha/colmo. A DPP apresentou efeito da IRFA, dos IAFrs (P<0,05) e da interação IRFA x IAFr (P<0,15). O número de Folhas/perfilho estimado pelo método morfogênico subestimou os valores obtidos pelo método visual de campo, mas sendo que apresentou valores confiáveis e na mesma tendência do número de Folhas/perfilho obtida pelo método visual. O mesmo observa-se para os métodos de obtenção dos valores da DPP onde o método do quadrado superestimou o método do transceto, mas apresentando valores dentro da realidade da forrageira e do método de pastejo utilizado, podendo perfeitamente ser empregado, facilitando a obtenção dos valores dessa variável. Valores da TPF e da TAF estimados pelo método agronômico superestimaram os valores obtidos pelo método morfogênico.
8
Valente, Bruno Stefano Miranda. "ComposiÃÃo quÃmico-bromatolÃgica e digestibilidade da dieta e desempenho produtivo de ovinos em capim-tanzÃnia sob trÃs frequÃncias de desfolhaÃÃo e dois resÃduos pÃs-pastejo." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1713.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico<br>A pesquisa foi conduzida no campo avanÃado do NÃcleo de Ensinos e Estudos em Forragicultura-NEEF/DZ/CCA/UFC (www.neef.ufc.br), localizado na fazenda experimental Vale do Curu â FEVC/CCA/UFC, em Pentecoste/CE. Objetivou-se avaliar a composiÃÃo quÃmico-bromatolÃgica e digestibilidade da dieta consumida e o desempenho produtivo de ovinos pastejando em Panicum maximum cv. tanzÃnia sob trÃs freqÃÃncias de desfolhaÃÃo determinadas pela interceptaÃÃo da radiaÃÃo fotossintÃticamente ativa (IRFA) de 85, 95 e 97% e dois resÃduos pÃs-pastejo, determinados pelos Ãndices de Ãrea foliar (IAF) residuais de 1,0 e 1,8. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com arranjo fatorial 3x2 (trÃs freqÃÃncias de desfolhaÃÃo e dois resÃduos pÃs pastejo), com quatro repetiÃÃes para as variÃveis do pasto (piquetes) e seis para as variÃveis relacionadas aos animais (ovinos). Foram utilizados 90 ovinos sem padrÃo racial definido (SPRD), com peso vivo mÃdio inicial de 20,0 kg. Em cada tratamento foram utilizados 6 ovinos, resultando em 36 animais de prova. Os demais ovinos foram utilizados como animais de equilÃbrio, quando necessÃrio para rebaixar o pasto para o IAF residual preconizado para aquele tratamento, ao final do 4Â dia de pastejo. Para determinaÃÃo da composiÃÃo quÃmico-bromatolÃgica, digestibilidade e ensaio de cinÃtica de degradaÃÃo da matÃria seca da dieta, foi realizada uma simulaÃÃo de pastejo no 1Â e 4Â dia de ocupaÃÃo. Foi avaliado ainda o ensaio de desempenho animal, alÃm da determinaÃÃo da capacidade de suporte em cada sistema sob lotaÃÃo rotativa. A diminuiÃÃo da freqÃÃncia de desfolhaÃÃo reduziu o valor nutritivo do capim-tanzÃnia e o desempenho dos ovinos. Maior rendimento de peso vivo animal por Ãrea ao longo do ano foi obtido na freqÃÃncia de desfolhaÃÃo de 85% nos dois resÃduos pÃs-pastejo e na freqÃÃncia de desfolhaÃÃo intermediÃria, apenas no Ãndice de Ãrea foliar residual de 1,0. Portanto, recomenda-se adotar uma freqÃÃncia de esfolhaÃÃo no ix capim-tanzÃnia menor ou igual a 95% de interceptaÃÃo da radiaÃÃo fotossinteticamente ativa, com um IAF residual de 1,0, a fim de compatibilizar os objetivos de produÃÃo animal e manutenÃÃo da qualidade do pasto no longo prazo.<br>The research was carried out at the advanced field of the Forage Teaching and Research Nucleus - NEEF/DZ/CCA/UFC (www.neef.ufc.br), located at Curu Valley Experimental Farm - FEVC/CCA/UFC, in Pentecoste/CE. The aim of this research was to evaluate the nutritional value of the simulated diet and the productive performance of sheep grazing in Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania under three defoliation frequencies, determined by the interception of the photosynthetically active radiation in canopy (PAR) of 85, 95 and 97 % and two post-grazing residues, determined by the residual leaf area index (LAI) of 1.0 and 1.8. A completely randomized design in factorial arrangement 3x2 (three defoliation frequencies and two residues after graze), with four repetitions for the variable of the grass (poles) and around the six (sheep) for the variable related to the animals, having still cycles of graze as measured repeated in the time. 90 sheep without defined breeding standard had been used (SPRD), averaging an initial live weight of 20.0 kg were used. 6 sheep were allocated to each treatment, resulting in 36 tester sheep. The others 44 sheep were used as put-and-taken animal, to keep the canopy as established by the end of the grazing period. For determination of the chemical composition assay, digestibility and an in situ dry matter degradation trial, a simulation of grazing in 1st and 4th days was carried out. An animal performance assay was conducted, beyond the determination of the carrying capacity in each grazing system. The defoliation frequency reduction diminished the diet nutritional value and the sheep performance. The highest animal live weight productivity toward the year was obtained in the 85% defoliation frequency on both post-grazing residues and at the intermediate defoliation frequency only at the residual leaf area index of 1.0. So, one xi recommends to adopt a defoliation frequency of tanzania grass up to 95% of photosynthetically active radiation interception, with a residual LAI of 1.0 to obtain a compromise between the objectives of animal production and forage quality maintenance in the long term.
9
Silva, Leane Veras da. "Componentes da biomassa e estrutura do capim-aruana sob duas frequÃncias e duas intensidades de desfolhaÃÃo." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13882.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico<br>Avaliou-se os componentes da biomassa e a estrutura do dossel em capim-aruana sob duas frequÃncias (FD - nÃveis de interceptaÃÃo de 85 e 95% da radiaÃÃo fotossinteticamente ativa incidente no topo do dossel) e duas intensidades (ID - Ãndices de Ãrea foliar residual de 1,0 e 1,8) de desfolhaÃÃo, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, num arranjo fatorial 2x2, com cinco repetiÃÃes (piquetes). O experimento foi conduzido no campo avanÃado do NÃcleo de Ensino e Estudos em Forragicultura, situado na Fazenda experimental Vale do CurÃ, localizada no municÃpio de Pentecoste-CE. Os momentos de entrada e saÃda dos animais foram determinados utilizando-se o Analisador PAR/LAI em Agricultura DECAGON PAR-80 para as leituras da interceptaÃÃo de radiaÃÃo fotossinteticamente ativa (IRFA) e do Ãndice de Ãrea foliar (IAF). Foram avaliadas no inÃcio e no final do perÃodo de descanso de cada um dos cinco piquetes experimentais, as seguintes caracterÃsticas estruturais: altura do pasto; altura da primeira lÃgula viva, a mais velha abaixo do dossel; horizonte de pastejo e densidade populacional de perfilhos. Os componentes da biomassa de forragem total (BFT) foram quantificados no inÃcio e final do perÃodo de descanso, a partir da colheita com duas molduras de 0,25 mÂ, sendo encaminhadas ao laboratÃrio para separaÃÃo dos componentes: folha, colmo e material morto. ApÃs a separaÃÃo dos componentes da BFT, as amostras foram levadas à estufa de ventilaÃÃo forÃada à 55 ÂC atà peso constante para estimativa das seguintes variÃveis: biomassa de forragem total (BFT kg∙ha-1∙ciclo-1), de forragem morta (BFM kg∙ha-1∙ciclo-1 ), de forragem verde (BFV kg∙ha-1∙ciclo-1), de lÃmina foliar verde (BLV kg∙ha-1∙ciclo-1), de colmo verde (BCV kg∙ha-1∙ciclo-1), alÃm das relaÃÃes material vivo/material morto (MV/MM) e folha/colmo (F/C). O maior tempo de descanso foi verificado para os pastos manejados com menor IAFr e menor frequÃncia de desfolhaÃÃo (95% de IRFA), com mÃdia de 24 dias. Os componentes da biomassa e as caracterÃsticas estruturais na condiÃÃo prÃ-pastejo foram afetados (P<0,05) pelas FDs, onde a menor frequÃncia de desfolhaÃÃo proporcionou maiores produÃÃes, com considerÃvel contribuiÃÃo de biomassa de colmos verdes e de forragem morta. A altura prÃ-pastejo apresentou boa correlaÃÃo com a %IRFA na condiÃÃo prÃ-pastejo (r=0,9285; P=0,0001). Pastos manejados com menor FD proporcionaram baixa F/C, com mÃdia de 1,65, enquanto pastos manejados com maior FD apresentaram mÃdia de 2,40. Com o aumento da %IRFA, foram verificados maiores horizontes de pastejo, com mÃdias de 20,2 e 14,2 cm para as frequÃncias de 95 e 85%IRFA, respectivamente. Os componentes da biomassa residual foram afetados (P<0,05) pelas IDs, com maior biomassa de forragem residual observada para os pastos manejados com IAFr de 1,8. Os pastos manejados com 95x1,8 apresentaram BCVr e BFMr superiores (P<0,05) aos demais manejos. Pastos manejados com 95x1,0 apresentaram incremento (P<0,05) de BFT ao longo de ciclos sucessivos de pastejo. O capim-aruana, para utilizaÃÃo com ovinos, deve ser manejado com frequÃncia de 85% de IRFA e intensidade de desfolhaÃÃo equivalente a IAFr de 1,0.<br>This study evaluated the components of biomass and the canopy structure of aruana grass managed under two frequencies (FD, interception of the photosynthetically active radiation at 85 and 95% incident on the top of the canopy) and two intensities (ID, residual leaf area index of 1.0 and 1.8) of defoliation in a completely randomized design in a 2x2 factorial arrangement with five replications (paddocks). The experiment was conducted at the advanced field of Teaching and Study Center Forage, located in the municipality of Pentecoste, Cearà State. The times of entry and exit of animals were determined using the PAR/LAI Analyzer in Agriculture DECAGON PAR-80 for reading photosynthetically active radiation interception (PARI) and leaf area index (LAI). At the beginning and end of the rest period of each of the five experimental paddocks, the following structural characteristics were evaluated: sward height (cm); height of the first ligule, the oldest below the canopy; grazing horizon and tiller population density. The components of total forage biomass (TFB ha-1 cycle-1) were also quantified at the beginning and end of the rest period, from the collection using two frames of 0.25 mÂ, and sent to the laboratory to separate the components: leaf, stem and dead material. After separation of the TFB components, samples were dried to constant weight in a forced ventilation oven at 55ÂC to constant weight to estimate the following parameters: total forage biomass (TFB kg ha-1 cycle-1), dead forage biomass (DFB kg ha-1 cycle-1), green forage biomass (GFB kg kg ha-1 cycle-1), green leaf biomass (GLB kg ha-1 cycle-1), green stem biomass (GSB kg ha-1 cycle-1), and green/dead material ratio (GM/DM) and leaf/stem ratio (L/S). The longest rest period was observed in pastures managed with lower rLAI and lower defoliation frequency (95% PARI), with average of 24 days. Biomass components and structural characteristics in the pre-grazing condition were affected (P <0.05) by FD, where the lower defoliation frequency resulted in higher production with considerable contribution of biomass of green stems and dead forage. The pre-grazing height showed a high correlation with the %PARI in the pre-grazing condition (r = 0.9285, P = 0.0001). Pastures managed with lower FD had low L/S, with average of 1.65, while those managed with higher FD, an average of 2.40. With increasing %PARI, we verified higher grazing horizons, with averages of 20.2 and 14.2 cm, for 95 and 85 %PARI, respectively. The components of the residual biomass were affected (P <0.05) by ID, with higher residual forage biomass observed for pastures managed with rLAI of 1.8. Pastures managed with 95x1.8 exhibited higher rGSB Âand rDFB (P <0.05) compared to the other managements. Pastures managed with 95x1.0 showed an increase in TFB (P <0.05) over successive grazing cycles. Aruana grass supplied to sheep should be managed under 85% PARI frequency and defoliation intensity equal to 1.0 rLAI.
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Silva, Leane Veras da. "Componentes da biomassa e estrutura do capim-aruana sob duas frequências e duas intensidades de desfolhação." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18885.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Previous issue date: 2015<br>SILVA, Leane Veras da. Componentes da biomassa e estrutura do capim-aruana sob duas frequências e duas intensidades de desfolhação. 2015. 56 f . : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Fortaleza-CE, 2015<br>This study evaluated the components of biomass and the canopy structure of aruana grass managed under two frequencies (FD, interception of the photosynthetically active radiation at 85 and 95% incident on the top of the canopy) and two intensities (ID, residual leaf area index of 1.0 and 1.8) of defoliation in a completely randomized design in a 2x2 factorial arrangement with five replications (paddocks). The experiment was conducted at the advanced field of Teaching and Study Center Forage, located in the municipality of Pentecoste, Ceará State. The times of entry and exit of animals were determined using the PAR/LAI Analyzer in Agriculture DECAGON PAR-80 for reading photosynthetically active radiation interception (PARI) and leaf area index (LAI). At the beginning and end of the rest period of each of the five experimental paddocks, the following structural characteristics were evaluated: sward height (cm); height of the first ligule, the oldest below the canopy; grazing horizon and tiller population density. The components of total forage biomass (TFB ha-1 cycle-1) were also quantified at the beginning and end of the rest period, from the collection using two frames of 0.25 m², and sent to the laboratory to separate the components: leaf, stem and dead material. After separation of the TFB components, samples were dried to constant weight in a forced ventilation oven at 55°C to constant weight to estimate the following parameters: total forage biomass (TFB kg ha-1 cycle-1), dead forage biomass (DFB kg ha-1 cycle-1), green forage biomass (GFB kg kg ha-1 cycle-1), green leaf biomass (GLB kg ha-1 cycle-1), green stem biomass (GSB kg ha-1 cycle-1), and green/dead material ratio (GM/DM) and leaf/stem ratio (L/S). The longest rest period was observed in pastures managed with lower rLAI and lower defoliation frequency (95% PARI), with average of 24 days. Biomass components and structural characteristics in the pre-grazing condition were affected (P <0.05) by FD, where the lower defoliation frequency resulted in higher production with considerable contribution of biomass of green stems and dead forage. The pre-grazing height showed a high correlation with the %PARI in the pre-grazing condition (r = 0.9285, P = 0.0001). Pastures managed with lower FD had low L/S, with average of 1.65, while those managed with higher FD, an average of 2.40. With increasing %PARI, we verified higher grazing horizons, with averages of 20.2 and 14.2 cm, for 95 and 85 %PARI, respectively. The components of the residual biomass were affected (P <0.05) by ID, with higher residual forage biomass observed for pastures managed with rLAI of 1.8. Pastures managed with 95x1.8 exhibited higher rGSB ¬and rDFB (P <0.05) compared to the other managements. Pastures managed with 95x1.0 showed an increase in TFB (P <0.05) over successive grazing cycles. Aruana grass supplied to sheep should be managed under 85% PARI frequency and defoliation intensity equal to 1.0 rLAI.<br>Avaliou-se os componentes da biomassa e a estrutura do dossel em capim-aruana sob duas frequências (FD - níveis de interceptação de 85 e 95% da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa incidente no topo do dossel) e duas intensidades (ID - índices de área foliar residual de 1,0 e 1,8) de desfolhação, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, num arranjo fatorial 2x2, com cinco repetições (piquetes). O experimento foi conduzido no campo avançado do Núcleo de Ensino e Estudos em Forragicultura, situado na Fazenda experimental Vale do Curú, localizada no município de Pentecoste-CE. Os momentos de entrada e saída dos animais foram determinados utilizando-se o Analisador PAR/LAI em Agricultura DECAGON PAR-80 para as leituras da interceptação de radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (IRFA) e do índice de área foliar (IAF). Foram avaliadas no início e no final do período de descanso de cada um dos cinco piquetes experimentais, as seguintes características estruturais: altura do pasto; altura da primeira lígula viva, a mais velha abaixo do dossel; horizonte de pastejo e densidade populacional de perfilhos. Os componentes da biomassa de forragem total (BFT) foram quantificados no início e final do período de descanso, a partir da colheita com duas molduras de 0,25 m², sendo encaminhadas ao laboratório para separação dos componentes: folha, colmo e material morto. Após a separação dos componentes da BFT, as amostras foram levadas à estufa de ventilação forçada à 55 °C até peso constante para estimativa das seguintes variáveis: biomassa de forragem total (BFT kg∙ha-1∙ciclo-1), de forragem morta (BFM kg∙ha-1∙ciclo-1 ), de forragem verde (BFV kg∙ha-1∙ciclo-1), de lâmina foliar verde (BLV kg∙ha-1∙ciclo-1), de colmo verde (BCV kg∙ha-1∙ciclo-1), além das relações material vivo/material morto (MV/MM) e folha/colmo (F/C). O maior tempo de descanso foi verificado para os pastos manejados com menor IAFr e menor frequência de desfolhação (95% de IRFA), com média de 24 dias. Os componentes da biomassa e as características estruturais na condição pré-pastejo foram afetados (P<0,05) pelas FDs, onde a menor frequência de desfolhação proporcionou maiores produções, com considerável contribuição de biomassa de colmos verdes e de forragem morta. A altura pré-pastejo apresentou boa correlação com a %IRFA na condição pré-pastejo (r=0,9285; P=0,0001). Pastos manejados com menor FD proporcionaram baixa F/C, com média de 1,65, enquanto pastos manejados com maior FD apresentaram média de 2,40. Com o aumento da %IRFA, foram verificados maiores horizontes de pastejo, com médias de 20,2 e 14,2 cm para as frequências de 95 e 85%IRFA, respectivamente. Os componentes da biomassa residual foram afetados (P<0,05) pelas IDs, com maior biomassa de forragem residual observada para os pastos manejados com IAFr de 1,8. Os pastos manejados com 95x1,8 apresentaram BCVr e BFMr superiores (P<0,05) aos demais manejos. Pastos manejados com 95x1,0 apresentaram incremento (P<0,05) de BFT ao longo de ciclos sucessivos de pastejo. O capim-aruana, para utilização com ovinos, deve ser manejado com frequência de 85% de IRFA e intensidade de desfolhação equivalente a IAFr de 1,0.
Libri sul tema "Radiation interception"
1
Wolf, E. L. More about the Atmosphere, Molecules, and their Interaction with Radiation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198769804.003.0007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Electric dipole radiation is possible from certain molecules (but not with diatomics like oxygen and nitrogen) to make them active in intercepting and re-radiating electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere. Molecules of the greenhouse gas variety include carbon dioxide, ozone and water, as discussed in this chapter. Molecular contributions to the greenhouse heat-trapping effect are described, including sophisticated satellite measurements. The role of molecular absorption in altering the ground-level solar spectrum absorbed by solar farms is summarized. In this chapter we provide a molecular basis for the absorption and emission from the atmosphere, first discussed in Chapter 3. This gives a better understanding of the solar spectrum as seen on Earth, that feeds photovoltaic devices as well as heating the Earth’s surface, that in turn creates winds and waves that can be harvested.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Radiation interception"
1
Sadras, Victor O., Francisco J. Villalobos, and Elias Fereres. "Radiation Interception, Radiation Use Efficiency and Crop Productivity." In Principles of Agronomy for Sustainable Agriculture, 169–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46116-8_13.
Testo completo
2
Buwalda, J. G., E. Magnanini, and G. S. Smith. "Spatial Heterogeneity of Radiation Incidence and Interception for Kiwifruit Vines, and Implications for Fruit Quality." In Plant Production on the Threshold of a New Century, 323–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1158-4_31.
Testo completo
3
Egli, Dennis B. "Growth of crop communities and the production of yield." In Applied crop physiology: understanding the fundamentals of grain crop management, 50–88. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245950.0003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This chapter focuses on developing general model of community growth and the production of yield by grain crops. Murata's (1969) three-stage system provides such a model. It is useful because it is simple (only three stages), it applies equally well to all grain crop species (although there are some species variation in minor details), it clearly identifies the sequential nature of the yield production process and the three stages relate to the primary drivers of the yield production process at the community level. First, the crop must accumulate the leaf area that drives community photosynthesis (Stage I), then seed number is determined (Stage II), and finally seed filling occurs (Stage III) and the production of yield is finished. High yield of any variety/location combination requires, at a minimum: (i) the production of enough leaf area index (LAI) during Stage I to maximize solar radiation interception and community photosynthesis; and (ii) an absence of stress during Stage II to maximize seed number and during Stage III to allow the seeds to fill to their maximum potential size. The scheme provides a powerful framework for us to think about how management decisions and environmental conditions affect yield.
4
Monteith, John L. "Light Interception and Radiative Exchange in Crop Stands." In Physiological Aspects of Crop Yield, 89–111. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/1969.physiologicalaspects.c9.
Testo completo
5
Yadav, Amit Kumar, and Hasmat Malik. "Optimization of Tilt Angle for Intercepting Maximum Solar Radiation for Power Generation." In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 195–213. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34050-6_9.
Testo completo
6
Pereyra Rossiello, Roberto Oscar, and Mauro Antonio Homem Antunes. "Solar Radiation Utilization by Tropical Forage Grasses: Light Interception and Use Efficiency." In Solar Radiation. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/34321.
Testo completo
7
Kirkham, M. B. "Solar Time and Interception of Direct-Beam Solar Radiation." In Principles of Soil and Plant Water Relations, 533–54. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-420022-7.00030-6.
Testo completo
8
Kirkham, M. B. "Solar time and interception of direct-beam solar radiation." In Principles of Soil and Plant Water Relations, 579–600. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-95641-3.00025-8.
Testo completo
9
Chavarria, Geraldo, Andréia Caverzan, Mariele Müller, and Miroslava Rakocevic. "Soybean Architecture Plants: From Solar Radiation Interception to Crop Protection." In Soybean - The Basis of Yield, Biomass and Productivity. InTech, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/67150.
Testo completo
10
Jin, Wenqing, and Hua Li. "Growth and quality of lettuce in vertical farms as affected by red:blue and red:far-red ratios." In Advances in plant factories: New technologies in indoor vertical farming, 255–74. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2023.0126.15.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Light-emitting diodes (LED) are advancing the development of indoor vertical farming due to their varied light spectrum and photon flux density. The substantial energy cost of lighting systems requires improvement. This chapter reviews three major spectra applied to lettuce cultivation in indoor vertical farming systems. Red and blue light are the most efficient spectra for chlorophyll absorption and far-red light promotes light interception and increases photochemical efficiency. Research shows that the photon flux ratio between red and blue light affects plant architecture, leaf and photosynthetic characteristics, biomass production and phytochemical compound accumulation. Additional far-red over photosynthetically active radiation triggers shade avoidance responses and increases light interception, which combines with planting density effects. Aside from the above spectra, biomass production and quality, utilization of other light spectrum and dynamic lighting as well as plant modelling should be considered to promote light use efficiency in indoor vertical farming.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Radiation interception"
1
Yadav, Indrajeet, and Herbert G. Tanner. "Mobile Radiation Source Interception by Aerial Robot Swarms." In 2019 International Symposium on Multi-Robot and Multi-Agent Systems (MRS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mrs.2019.8901102.
Testo completo
2
Lwiwa, Casiana Blasius, and Ole jørgen Nydal. "A Ray Tracer for optimizing solar concentrating systems: The case of discretized Compound Parabolic Concentrator." In 63rd International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2022, Trondheim, Norway, September 20-21, 2022. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp192003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Concentrating solar systems use reflective surfaces to concentrate sunlight onto a small area, where it is absorbed and converted to heat. Many classes of concentrating collectors such as Compound Parabolic Concentrators (CPCs), parabolic dish and parabolic trough are available, each with different concentrating ratio and maximum absorber temperature, depending on the type of applications. A simplified 3D Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) with 2 rings and 4 sectors has been designed. The designed CPC is cost effective as it requires only 8 mirrors to cover the reflector surface. It does not require sun tracking, but have capability to accept incoming solar radiation over a relatively wide range of angles. For further capturing of the solar radiations, tilting of the CPC during a day can be made a few times. This study aims to model the discretized 3D CPC using the ray tracing, to optimize the CPC for achieving optimal interceptions on a 0.2 m diameter cylindrical absorber, placed inside the CPC. The ray tracing methodology is presented together with the results of the interceptions on the cylindrical absorber using the discretized CPC. Results show the effect of tilting the discretized CPC is not very strong as the interception values are slightly reduced and the curves a little bit not symmetric around the normal sun angles.
3
Jingjin Zhang, Matthew David Whiting, and Qin Zhang. "Sensor-based Canopy Mapping Using Photosynthetically Active Radiation Interception in Y-trellis Tree Fruit Orchards." In 2013 Kansas City, Missouri, July 21 - July 24, 2013. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20131596279.
Testo completo
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Rankine, Cassidy J., Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa, Mario Marcos do Espirito-Santo, and Marco Tulio S. Viera. "Optical wireless sensor networks observe leaf phenology and photosynthetic radiation interception in a Brazilian tropical dry forest." In IGARSS 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6352573.
Testo completo
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Soleymani, Ali, and Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian. "Survey the Influences of Relay Cropping on Yield and Yield Components, Growth Length, Light Interception and Solar Radiation Depreciation of Different Species of Brassica." In The 2nd World Sustainability Forum. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wsf2-00839.
Testo completo
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Ferreira, Ana C., Senhorinha Teixeira, José C. Teixeira, and Luís B. Martins. "Design Optimization of a Solar Dish Collector for Its Application With Stirling Engines." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52241.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Solar concentric dish collectors and Stirling engines with cavity receivers are commonly considered for this purpose due to the high efficiency for converting solar radiation into mechanical energy. The study and design of a solar collector of this type, and of its cavity receiver, require solving a mathematical model that take into account the geometric, optical and thermal behavior of all components. With an adequate sizing, not only the useful energy produced on the solar device will meet the energy required for the process, but also the absorber temperature will be the needed for the operation of the Stirling engine. This paper focuses on the construction of a mathematical model that represents the operational performance of a concentric solar dish with cavity receiver for its applications in Stirling engines. The purpose is to develop a designing tool for optimization and for quantifying the effect of changing the values of design parameters over any specific output behavior or the overall performance of the system. The parameters in the optimization include: geometrical variables, i.e., the solar dish diameter, the receiver aperture diameter or the focal length; and optical variables, i.e., rim and incident angles, and irradiation interception factor. The objective is to minimize the solar dish collector cost and calculate the heat available to the Stirling engine, contained in the receiver cavity, to be converted in to mechanical energy. The numerical model was coded in the MatLab® programming language. The results of the simulation disclosed a model able to predict, adequately, the optical and thermal behavior of the described system, so that the model can be used to study the operation and also to design parameters. The optimal results disclosed the configuration of a solar collector dish with a rim angle of about 41° and for a dish diameter of 6.58 m and an aperture receiver of 0.12 m for a minimum cost of 4717 €. It was also concluded that the maximum temperature reached in the absorber of a receiver cavity, is limited mainly by the geometric relationships between the dish diameter, receiver aperture diameter and the aperture ratio, and it is possible to obtain an ideal thermal efficiency of 64%.
7
Chiadroni, E., M. Castellano, A. Cianchi, K. Honkavaara, G. Kube, V. Merlo, and F. Stella. "Non-intercepting electron beam transverse diagnostics with Optical Diffraction Radiation at the DESY FLASH Facility." In 2007 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pac.2007.4439946.
Testo completo
8
Husby, K., M. Hjelstuen, T. J. Eriksen, A. Liberale, M. Koraei, J. D. Ytrehus, and A. Saasen. "Active Magnetic Ranging While Drilling: Prototype Tool Test." In SPE Offshore Europe Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215523-ms.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract A well intercept operation has the scope to drill into an existing well. Similarly, some infill drilling operations are conducted with the scope of avoiding interception with other wells. A prototype of a tool for Active Magnetic Ranging While Drilling (AMR) without the use of a wireline operation has been developed. The main scope of the current article is presenting the results of a prototype test of this new tool in attest well. The ranging tool emits a low frequency alternating current into the formation to reach the target well, and then run through that's casing back to the well being drilled. This electric current set up a variable magnetic field that is measured by the AMR tool determining the direction towards the target well as well as the distance. If drilling a relief well, 10 - 25 wireline runs are needed before the target well is intercepted. The present AMR tool is fully integrated in the drill pipe and, thus, all the tripping operations are avoided. A prototype of an active magnetic ranging tool on the drill pipe has been developed. This tool is outlined in detail in the paper. Most focus will be given to a performance test conducted in a research well in Norway. A drill pipe is placed in a vertical well, being the target well. The AMR tool was run in the research well and the direction and distance to nearby target wells was measured. The set-up and the results of this logging operation conducted on a drill pipe is described in detail. It is shown how the direction and distance between the two wells are measured using the tool. Most intercept operations are not relief well drilling, but cases where a well needs to be intercepted because a well section shall be connected to another well, or during plug and abandonment operation. The tool can also be used for avoiding collision with other wells, which is a relevant scope for drilling infill wells in older fields or radiator wells in geothermal drilling. The tool and its potential are outlined in the paper.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Radiation interception"
1
Wang, S., W. Chen, and J. Cihlar. New Calculation Methods of Diurnal Distribution of Solar Radiation and its Interception by Canopy over Complex Terrain. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219912.
Testo completo