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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Rationalitet"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 30 luglio 2024

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1

Johansson, Owe L. "Rationalitet og magt". Scandinavian Journal of Management 9, n. 3 (settembre 1993): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-5221(93)90019-o.

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2

Olsson, Börje. "Instrumentell rationalitet eller populism?" Nordisk Alkoholtisdkrift (Nordic Alcohol Studies) 8, n. 6 (dicembre 1991): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507259100800611.

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3

Selander, Mats. "Kant, moral och rationalitet". Theofilos 13, n. 1/2 (28 febbraio 2021): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.48032/theo/13/1/4.

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This article defends a kantian version of the moral argument for the existence of God, formulated by Ronald L. Green. The argument consists of a dilemma of practical rationality. Rationality applied to society as a whole will render moral rules that will be rational – on average – for every individual to obey, since such rules will optimize self-interest. On the other hand there will be many situations where the self-interest of individuals will be threatened by such rules, and where it will be rational for the individual not to obey such (otherwise rational) moral rules. Kant’s solution to this dilemma is an overarching moral government – usually described as God’s just reward to the virtuous. In order to escape the force of this argument Mackie, following Sidgwick, denies the uniformity of rationality, and claims that practical rationality is in a state of “fundamental and unresolved chaos”. I will argue that this escape route is a price too high to be paid, since it threatens to undermine both moral philosophy as well as rationality as such.
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Wilson, Kirsten Mynster. "Rationalitet og omsorg i sygeplejerskeuddannelsen". Klinisk Sygepleje 18, n. 01 (15 febbraio 2004): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1903-2285-2004-01-06.

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5

Kurrild-Klitgaard, Peter. "Politik, rationalitet og det Moralske Dilemma". Politica 30, n. 4 (1 gennaio 1998): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/politica.v30i4.68241.

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Albæk, Erik, e Søren Winter. "Evaluering i Danmark: Rationalitet eller politisk våben?" Politica 25, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1993): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/politica.v25i1.67698.

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Winkel Holm, Isak. "Skæbnefigurer". Peripeti 7, n. 13 (1 gennaio 2010): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/peri.v7i13.108073.

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Isak Winkel Holms artikel »Skæbnefigurer« diskuterer tragedieskæbnen som symbolsk form hos Søren Kierkegaard. Artiklen søger at forklare Kierkegaards interesse for tragedieskæbnen med to teser: at Kierkegaard bruger tragedieskæbnen som symbolsk form, og at han bruger tragedieskæbnens symbolske form til at forstå subjektets rationalitet. Det er et begreb Holm har hentet fra Judith Butler.
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Lundgren, Mats, Eva-Lena Embretsen, Ulf Nytell e Stefan Weinholz. "Transformering av en masterplan till åtgärdsplaner i svenska skolor". Pedagogisk forskning i Sverige 26, n. 1 (4 maggio 2021): 94–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.15626/pfs26.01.05.

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Samverkan för Bästa Skola (SBS) avser att erbjuda ett riktat stöd till svenska skolor som har svårt att förbättra verksamheten och att uppfylla läroplanens mål. Studiens syfte att beskriva och diskutera hur nulägesanalyser och åtgärdsplaner växer fram i iscensättningen av SBS på den lokala nivån. Masterplaner som SBS utgör ett exempel på den spänning som existerar mellan att implementera storskaliga insatser som är baserade på beslut-rationalitet medan att iscensätta dessa på lokal nivå baseras på handlings-rationalitet. Resultatet bygger på en kvalitativ explorativ fallstudie av en låg- och mellanstadieskola och tre högstadieskolor i en kommun. Det empiriska materialet utgörs av dokument som samlades in under 2018 och 2019. Studien visar att iscensättningen av SBS initierar kollektiva sensemakingprocesser, men skapar även osäkerhet trots processtöd från externa parter. Det ger nya insikter hur aktörerna tolkar och skapar mening (sensemaking), liksom hur masterplanen transformeras till operativa planer. De olika faserna i iscen-sättningsprocessen av SBS riskerar att löskopplas när en masterplan trans-formeras från beslutslogik till lokala handlingsplaner baserade på handlings-logik. Utifrån resultatet diskuteras om och hur studien kan erbjuda nya insikter för att iscensätta nationella masterplaner.
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Dalberg-Larsen, Jørgen. "Nils Jareborg: Mening, värde och rationalitet. Cuvée 1974 i ny tappning". Tidsskrift for Rettsvitenskap 123, n. 01 (9 aprile 2010): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1504-3096-2010-01-12.

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10

Harder, Peter. "Vagthund eller overhund? En begrebsanalyse af økonomisk rationalitet og af Finansministeriets funktion". Samfundsøkonomen, n. 2 (20 ottobre 2020): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/samfundsokonomen.v0i2.122547.

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Spørgsmålet om økonomiens rolle i den politiske proces og om Finansministeriets rolle som centrale aktør har været genstand for intens debat. De fleste er enige om, at man skal bære sig økonomisk fornuftigt ad, men der er ikke enighed om, hvad det indebærer. Her må en begrebsanalyse til. Alle kan være enige om, at man skal disponere økonomisk rationelt – men der findes flere ret forskellige versioner af begrebet økonomisk rationalitet. Denne kendsgerning bør afspejle sig i Finansministeriets fremtidige plads i det politisk-administrative apparat.
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Fischer, Walter R. "Narration som paradigme for menneskelig kommunikation. Om offentlig moralsk debat". Rhetorica Scandinavica 17, n. 63 (1 aprile 2013): 7–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52610/ruuv2761.

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Dette essay fremsætter en teori om menneskelig kommunikation baseret på forestillingen om mennesket som homo narrans. Det sammenligner og kontrasterer dette syn med det traditionelle rationelle perspektiv om ­symbolsk interaktion. Brugbarheden af det narrative paradigme og dets medfølgende forståelse af fornuft og rationalitet demonstreres igennem en udvidet analyse af nøgleaspekter af den igangværende debat om atom­krig og via en kort anvendelse på Gilgamesh-eposet. Det narrative paradigme bringer to temaer i den retoriske teori sammen: det argumenterende, overbevisende tema og det litterære, æstetiske tema Oversat og med introduktion af Mark Herron og Esben Bjerggaard Nielsen
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Sundin, Elisabeth. "Rationalitet som norm och hyckleri som praktik: reflektioner kring betydelsen av organisationers genusordningar". Tidskrift för genusvetenskap 23, n. 1 (15 giugno 2022): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.55870/tgv.v23i1.4249.

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The rational decision and the rational decision maker is still highly valued as a norm in Western thought especially in the economic sphere and working life. Although empirical findings over and over again show it is false, this norm seems to remain strong. However, the impossibility of the norm nowadays seems often to be accepted at the upper levels in organizations. Managers are said to have such complicated problems to handle that rational decision making is impossible. For lower levels the norm seems to be intact. The aim of the article is to describe how irrationality at lower levels is also accepted if it is connected to the gender order of the organization. Theories on organizational culture and gender are used. Empirical examples are provided from Swedish organizations involving three sectors: the retailing of food and daily wares, real estate and cleaning, and the industrial production of plastic-equipment. The examples concern management decisions that were aimed at gender-diversity and less inequality and were presented with rational economic arguments. These decisions were met by resistance and obstruction mainly from men but also from women. The resistance concerned changing the gender order. The managers were, with some exceptions, aware of the organizational gender order but underestimated its importance and emotional strength. The managers chose, in different ways, to retreat from their positions and keep old gender orders in practice but they also kept up the rethoric of rationality. This management method explains the title of the article, "Rationality as norm and hypocrisy as practice".
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Kjærgård, Jonas Ross, Jakob Ladegaard e Tue Andersen Nexø. "Redaktionens introduktion til Joseph Vogl: Markedets idyl". K&K - Kultur og Klasse 45, n. 124 (31 dicembre 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kok.v45i124.103642.

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Joseph Vogl (f. 1957) er professor i litteratur- og kulturvidenskab ved Humboldt Universitet i Berlin og gæsteprofessor på Princeton University. Hans akademiske arbejde har de seneste år især omhandlet økonomisk teori og historie set fra et idé- kultur- og litteraturhistorisk perspektiv. Hans disputats Kalkül und Leidenschaft: Poetik des Ökonomischen Menschen (2006) undersøger i dette perspektiv homo economicus’ fødsel og udvikling fra det 17. til det 19. århundrede. Das Gespenst des Kapitals (2010) leverer en kritisk analyse af den liberale doktrin om markedets rationalitet i lyset af den seneste finanskrise. I sin seneste bog, Der Souveränitätseffekt (2015) fortsætter Vogl den kritiske analyse, nu med særligt henblik på de politiske konsekvenser af den stadig tættere alliance mellem staten og markedet.
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14

Ravnkilde, Jens. "Henrik Palmer Olsen: Rationalitet, ret og moral. Jurist- og Økonomforbundets Forlag, København 1997, 209 s." Tidsskrift for Rettsvitenskap 111, n. 03 (1 aprile 1998): 518–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1504-3096-1998-03-06.

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15

Dahl Rendtorff, Jacob. "NOGLE OPFATTELSER AF DET ONDE I NYERE KONTINENTAL-FILOSOFI". Psyke & Logos 24, n. 1 (31 luglio 2003): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/pl.v24i1.8629.

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Artiklen præsenterer en række opfattelser af det onde i nyere kontinental-filosofi som replik til den metafysiske traditions rationalisering og forsøg på at give mening til det onde ved hjælp af forskellige former for théodicé-forklaringer. Disse teorier er kendetegnet ved en kritik af et forsøg på at forklare det onde som udtryk for en guddommelig plan eller som en intentionel dæmonisk vilje. Diskussionen fremhæver tre karakteristiske alternative opfattelser, der forklarer det onde som: 1) En dum og banal tankeløs handling. 2) Et valg af det gode og det onde i en konkret situation. 3) En nihilistisk leg uden forestillinger om godt og ondt eller et postmoderne oprør mod vesterlandsk rationalitet. De tre positioner præsenteres gennem en diskussion af filosofien hos Hannah Arendt, Jean-Paul Sartre samt André Glucksmann og Jean Baudrillard.
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16

Redaktionen. "Maria Oskarson, Klassröstning i Sverige - rationalitet, lojalitet eller bara slendrian, Stockholm: Nerenius & Santérus förlag, 1994, 246 s." Politica 26, n. 4 (1 gennaio 1994): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/politica.v26i4.67892.

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Sørensen, Asger. "OM ARBEJDETS PATOLOGI – og suverænitetens mirakuløse umenneskelighed ifølge Bataille". Psyke & Logos 26, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2005): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/pl.v26i2.8263.

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Arbejdets patologi diskuteres med udgangspunkt i Locke og Hegel, der hver på deres måde giver god grund til at værdsætte og hylde arbejdet. En stærk kontrast hertil tilbydes af Georges Bataille (1897-1962), der for mange indvarsler det post-moderne. Udgangspunktet bliver en analyse af miraklet som en forventning, der opløses i intet, og som i de tilfælde, hvor resultatet er bedre end forventet, kan resultere i lykkelige tårer. Miraklet bryder med det planmæssige, og det leder frem til begrebet suverænitet, der betegner modsætningen til alt, hvad der har at gøre med arbejde, planlægning og instrumentel rationalitet. Mennesket tingsliggøres gennem arbejdet, således som fx Lukács har beskrevet det. Arbejde er dog principielt patologisk i ethvert samfund, ikke blot det kapitalistiske; men mennesket er som suverænt mere end blot en ting. I den post-moderne kapitalismes centrum er forbrug og umiddelbar nydelse det værdifulde, ikke produktion, og den ændrede værdisættelse afspejler en patologisk ulighed i fordelingen af det patologiske arbejde, der må kritiseres og bekæmpes politisk.
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18

Nannestad, Peter. "Jörgen Hermansson, Spelteorins nytta. Om rationalitet i vetenskap och politik, Stockholm: Almquist & Wicksell, 1990, 385 s., sv.kr. 242,00." Politica 23, n. 2 (1 gennaio 1991): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/politica.v23i2.69342.

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19

Albinus, Lars. "Religion, magt og kommunikation". Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift, n. 57 (30 maggio 2012): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/rt.v0i57.6403.

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Indledningsforelæsningen præsenterer hovedsynspunkterne i doktorafhandlingen Religion, magt og kommunikation. Filosofiske overvejelser over religionens betydning i moderniteten, set i krydsfeltet mellem Foucault og Habermas. Ud fra den tese, at kommunikation ikke lader sig tænke i et magt-tomrum, og at magt ikke (til forskel fra vold) lader sig tænke uden et mindstemål er kommunikativ indforståelse, undersøges religion som et socialt fænomen i moderniteten. Med udgangspunkt i den såkaldte Foucault-Habermas debat foretages en begrebsopbygning af ‘kommunikation’ og ‘magt’, der leder frem til et kritisk krydsfelt, hvor Foucault og Habermas kommer til at udgøre en slags korrektiver til hinanden. I forhold til religionen forsøger jeg imidlertid at udnytte et vist sammenfald i deres syn på æstetisk sensibilitet inden for rammerne af en eftermetafysisk tænkning. Jeg konkluderer, at den kommunikative rationalitet når sin grænse i religiøse og æstetiske tilværelsestolkninger, som man altid må forholde sig til på en ny tids betingelser. På den anden side må en kommunikativ fornuftsappel danne værn imod, at den sensibilitet og indignation, der bl.a. kommer til udtryk i en kritik af magt, ikke selv ender i en eskalation af magt.
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20

Bjørn Knudsen, Inger, Lotte Isager, Mette Lund Andersen e Ida Theilade. "Klosterheden Plantage". Kulturstudier 13, n. 2 (14 novembre 2022): 12–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ks.v13i2.134658.

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Klosterheden Plantage, Danmarks tredjestørste skovområde, ligger i Vestjylland. Området blev statsskov i 1880 og har siden ændret sig fra hede til skov. Driftsmæssigt har plantagen siden 1970’erne fået voksende fokus på andre formål end produktion af træ. Artiklen handler om, hvad Klosterheden anno 2022 betyder for de ca. 180.000 besøgende, som årligt kommer der. Baseret på et varieret datamateriale, herunder interview med skovens brugere, analyserer artiklen Klosterheden som rum for befolkningens rekreation og livsglæde. Vi argumenterer for, at Klosterheden for brugerne er en heterotopi – et ”andet” eller ”anderledes” sted.1 Mange kommer i skoven som en slags terapi eller for at få et frirum fra hverdagens pressede tidsplaner og gøremål. Alle nyder skoven, men de færreste kender de træ- og plantearter, som skaber dens heterotopiske kvaliteter. Sidst i artiklen diskuterer vi Klosterhedens heterotopiske kvaliteter i sammenhæng med Foucaults begreb om ”governmentality”, som viser sig i borgeres vilje til at styre sig selv i pagt med staten og arbejdsmarkedets ønsker og rationalitet.
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21

Tudor, I. "Rationality and rationalities in language teaching". System 26, n. 3 (settembre 1998): 319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0346-251x(98)00021-9.

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22

Nielsen, Helle Ørsted, e Anders Branth Pedersen. "Landmænd er da økonomisk rationelle – eller? Danske landmænds respons på pesticidafgifter". Politica 52, n. 2 (18 maggio 2020): 104–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/politica.v52i2.130802.

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Teorien om begrænset rationalitet udviklet af Herbert Simon (1947) er et af de første bidrag til den politologiske litteratur, der eksplicit fokuserer på beslutningsprocesser og kobler kognitiv forskning med beslutningsprocesser på både individ- og organisatorisk niveau. I tråd med nyere adfærdsforskning er afsættet, at offentlige politikker bør designes med udgangspunkt i en realistisk forståelse af målgruppers adfærd for at sikre en effektiv implementering. Artiklen analyserer danske landmænds respons på to pesticidafgifter, der har haft forskellig succes. Ingen af de to afgifter har dog helt nået de forventede pesticidreduktioner, der var baseret på antagelser om, at landmænd agerer økonomisk rationelt. Vi undersøger, om responsen på de to afgifter kan forklares med, at landmænd er begrænset rationelle, og om forskellen i respons skyldes, at designet i den nye afgift i højere grad end den gamle passer til landmændenes beslutningsprocesser. Vi finder, at landmændenes beslutningsprocesser viser træk af begrænset rationel beslutningstagning, som kan bidrage til at forklare, at ingen af afgifterne virkede så stærkt som forventet. Men i 2013 fordobledes afgiftens gennemsnitlige niveau. Det kan have fået flere landmænd til at opprioritere økonomiske hensyn og dermed forklare den større respons på denne afgift.
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23

Albæk, Erik. "Bent Flyvbjerg, Rationalitet og magt. Det konkretes videnskab, København: Akademisk Forlag, 1991, Bind I 1775., Bind II 463 s., kr. 404,00." Politica 24, n. 2 (1 gennaio 1992): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/politica.v24i2.69419.

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Alekseeva (Kalinovskaya), Polina. "The choice on a marriage market or the God’s will? On practical and substantial rationalities in orthodox dating platform users’ categories". Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 22, n. 1 (2023): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2023-1-82-97.

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Online-dating, or the practice of searching for a partner on the Internet, is becoming more widespread and legitimate these days. According to some researchers, the search process is quite rationalized. This is underpinned by the fact that such platforms presuppose standard profiles, filters usage, and strike for a “better offer” just like on a market, stimulating users to reflect upon their performance. At the same time, there are religious online-dating platforms as well with their specific partner search normativity (i.e., Orthodox). Thus, there is a contradiction between the market practical rationality evoked by online-dating platform logics and substantial Orthodox Christian rationality, with the latter considering only marital relations as good, sacred and also, notably, those God has agency in. Relying on M. Weber’s conception of rationality, a grounded theory approach and an empirical base of 14 interviews, the paper reconstructs partner search rationality in the online-dating platform users’ categories (here, in the case of a popular Orthodox platform). Practical rationality is reconstructed in the “active search”, “time”, “convenience”, and “simplification” categories. For substantial rationality, which may contradict the practical one, such categories are “soulmate” and “consumer attitude”. The overcoming of the contradiction between the two rationalities is described in the categories of “self-control” and “the fight against temptation”. In regard to the relationship between an individual’s agency and God’s agency on the platform, although the informants believe active actions are required, the search for a marriage partner inevitably ends at “the God’s will point” — the result of what God wants.
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Karwowski, Maciej, e Bogusław Milerski. "Educational Rationality: Measurement, Correlates, and Consequences". Education Sciences 11, n. 4 (12 aprile 2021): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11040182.

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This paper introduces and empirically tests the model of tetragonal educational rationality that consists of four interrelated categories: hermeneutic, emancipatory, praxeological, and negational rationalities. Based on a large longitudinal study on primary and middle school students (total N = 1990), we investigated the psychometric properties of the Educational Rationalities Questionnaire (ERQ) and examined relevant correlates, antecedents and longitudinal consequences of the four rationalities. Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the four-factor structure of the ERQ. Praxeological rationality was more prevalent than hermeneutic rationality, which was accepted more often than emancipatory and negational rationality. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that hermeneutic rationality was primarily driven by participants’ academic self-concept in their native language, as well as extraversion, neuroticism, and valuing creativity. Emancipatory rationality was linked to academic self-concept, valuing creativity, and agreeableness, while praxeological rationality was predicted by extraversion, school achievement, and valuing creativity. Finally, negational rationality was inversely linked with several individual characteristics: academic self-concept, agreeableness, and school achievement. Longitudinal analyses demonstrated that negational rationality was associated with lower grades and more negative emotions during lessons, while hermeneutic rationality was associated with school grades improvement. Emancipatory rationality was related to positive emotions felt during classes, yet negatively with grades. We discuss potential reasons and consequences of these findings.
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Albæk, Erik. "Heine Andersen, Rationalitet, velfærd & retfærdighed. Belyst ud fra nyere samfundsvidenskabelige København: Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck, 1988, 188 s., kr. 198,00." Politica 21, n. 4 (1 gennaio 1989): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/politica.v21i4.69165.

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Choi, Young Rae. "The Blue Economy as governmentality and the making of new spatial rationalities". Dialogues in Human Geography 7, n. 1 (marzo 2017): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043820617691649.

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As an emergent and rapidly propagating concept through which the hydrological sphere of the earth is identified as a new economic possibility, the Blue Economy is traveling globally and is being localized differently. Adding to Winder and Le Heron’s interrogation of the Blue Economy as an investment-institutional project that creates new biological–economic knowledge and relations, I argue that the Blue Economy is necessarily a complex governmental project that opens up new governable spaces and rationalizes particular ways of governing. By demonstrating how China’s marine economy is being assembled and practiced in ways that not only open up new space for accumulation but also create new spatial rationalities that rearrange people and resources, I urge geographers to be attentive to the questions of space, rationality, and power in specific geographic contexts where the Blue Economy is being localized.
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Sjöberg, Lena. "Att vara lämpad eller olämpad till en arbetsintegrerad lärarutbildning". Pedagogisk forskning i Sverige 28, n. 1-2 (6 aprile 2022): 121–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15626/pfs28.0102.05.

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De senaste åren har intentionerna om att både öka antalet lärare, och lärarstudenter, samt att rätt kvalificerade lärarstudenter och lärare finns i lärarutbildning och skola tydligt skrivits fram politiskt. Två reformer som tydligt uttrycker dessa intentioner är möjligheten till lämplighetsprövning vid antagning av lärarstudenter för samtliga lärosäten (SFS 2020:881) och det politiska initiativet om att utveckla fler arbetsintegrerade lärarutbildningar (Regeringen, 2019, 2020). Denna studie tar sin utgångpunkt i dels dessa politiska intentioner och reformer, dels ett vidare policyanalytiskt förhållningssätt till konstruktioner av lärarkunskap och studerar en urvals- och antagningspraktik relaterat till en arbetsintegrerad lärarutbildning, där företrädare för lärarutbildning och skolhuvudmän bedömer studenters kompetenser för att både antas till lärarutbildningen och därefter anställas som projektanställd lärare. Det empiriska materialet består av de bedömningssamtal som sker efter intervjuerna med de sökande till den arbetsintegrerade lärarutbildningen. Resultatet av studien visar en samstämmig bild av vad som konstrueras som lämplig lärarkompetens och vad som krävs av den sökande för att antas till en arbetsintegrerad lärarutbildning. Denna lämplighetskonstruktion har stor konsistens med historiska diskurser om lärarkompetens. Resultatet visar också en ekonomisk rationalitet beträffande vem som bedöms som lämplig respektive olämplig till denna typ av utbildning och varför vissa personer väljs ut och andra inte. Artikeln problematiserar slutligen de implikationer som dessa praktiker kan få, både ur ett individ- och ett samhällsperspektiv, och relaterat till reformintentionerna.
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Spiegler, Ran. "‘BUT CAN'T WE GET THE SAME THING WITH A STANDARD MODEL?’ RATIONALIZING BOUNDED-RATIONALITY MODELS". Economics and Philosophy 27, n. 1 (18 gennaio 2011): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267110000453.

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This paper discusses a common criticism of economic models that depart from the standard rational-choice paradigm - namely, that the phenomena addressed by such models can be ‘rationalized’ by some standard model. I criticize this criterion for evaluating bounded-rationality models. Using a market model with boundedly rational consumers due to Spiegler (2006a) as a test case, I show that even when it initially appears that a bounded-rationality model can be rationalized by a standard model, rationalizing models tend to come with unwarranted ‘extra baggage’. I conclude that we should impose a greater burden of proof on rationalizations that are offered in refutation of bounded-rationality models.
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30

Vasilionytė, Ieva. "RATIONALITY: NORMAL MENTAL FUNCTIONING OR PSYCHOLOGICAL COHERENCE?" Problemos 82 (1 gennaio 2012): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2012.0.729.

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A version of the rationalist internalist argument, employing a pro tanto reading of the term “normative reason”, is often criticized due to its conception of rationality. It is said that the condition of rationality is insufficient to secure the necessary relation between the moral judgement and the respective motivation to act. I claim that such a criticism is based on the false supposition that rationality is to be identified with normal mental functioning. It is shown that for the rationalist internalists rationality does and should rather amount to inner psychological coherence, and that the respective conception of irrationality can account for all the purported counterexamples to the motivational internalism. In addition, I pinpoint that “full rationality” is neither an intuitive notion nor a necessary condition for the rationalist internalism to hold, therefore, a line of criticism employing the notion misses the target.Keywords: rationalist internalism, coherence, full rationality, pro tanto normative reason.Racionalumas: normalus psichinis funkcionavimas ar psichologinis koherentiškumas?Ieva VasilionytėSantrauka Racionalistinio internalizmo argumento versija, normatyvaus pagrindo terminą vartojanti pro tanto reikšme, neretai kritikuojama nusitaikius į jos racionalumo sampratą. Teigiama, kad veikėjo racionalumo sąlyga nėra pakankama būtinam ryšiui tarp moralinio sprendinio arba normatyvaus pagrindo bei atitinkamos motyvacijos veiksmui užtikrinti. Straipsnyje teigiama, kad tokia kritika remiasi klaidinga prielaida, jog racionalumas tapatintinas su normaliu psichiniu funkcionavimu. Parodoma, kad racionalistiniams internalistams racionalumas yra ir turėtų būti tapatintinas veikiau su vidiniu veikėjo psichologijos koherentiškumu, o atitinkama iracionalumo samprata pajėgi apimti visus motyvaciniam internalizmui tariamai prieštaraujančius atvejus. Taip pat patikslinama, jog „visiškas racionalumas“ nėra nei intuityvi sąvoka, nei būtina sąlyga racionalistinio internalizmo teisingumui, todėl kritika, besiremianti šia sąvoka, nepasiekia tikslo.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: racionalistinis internalizmas, racionalumas, koherentiškumas, visiškas racionalumas, pro tanto normatyvus pagrindas.
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31

Krushinskiy, Andrey A. "The Dao through the Prism of the Logos: Eurocentrism at the Level of Concepts". Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 62, n. 6 (29 settembre 2019): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2019-62-6-33-53.

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Despite the declarations about the possibility of rationalities that are alternative to Western European, despite the reasoning about philosophical multipolarity, the multiplicity of ways of thinking, etc., nowadays, the Western European paradigm of rationality (and concepts that corresponds to it), which is derived from Hellenic thought, continues to claim the status of ideological neutrality and transcend any intercivilizational differences. The Western European rationality in all its diversity is now acting as rationality as such. The indispensability of the reference to the Greek conceptual apparatus in contemporary philosophizing manifests itself most openly in the form of comparativism. Thus, there is the focus on carrying out explicit parallels between, on the one hand, the studied non-European intellectual phenomena and, on the other hand, their supposed European counterparts. An example of the cross-cultural and methodologically sound research of the problems of rationality is an analysis of the Dao through the prism of the Logos. The statement of the uniqueness of the Greek Logos does not imply the prohibition of the existence of its original counterparts in the so-called “non-Western” civilizations with an ancient and distinctive culture. The assumption of the existence of their own analogues of the Logos and rationality in various non-European civilizations presumes the most interesting question about the pluralism of rationalities – the question about the existence of rationalities in the past that could be considered as an alternative to the now prevailing Western European standard of rationality.
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32

Falster, Emil Søbjerg, e Hanne Warming. "Rationalities in the pedagogical regime of practice". Childhood 26, n. 4 (14 agosto 2019): 554–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0907568219869805.

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Using a Foucauldian governmentality approach, this article examines the connections and tensions between rationalities relying on recognition and democratic ideals, and the educationally and developmentally oriented rationality that characterises the pedagogical regime of practice in Denmark. The conclusion is that rationalities of recognition and democracy are subordinated to an educationally and developmentally oriented rationality. Thus, in practice, the former are transformed into an instrument for fulfilling educational and developmental objectives, with a primary focus on the child achieving an age-appropriate level of development.
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33

Agassi, Joseph. "The Limited Rationality of Technology". Philosophy of the Social Sciences 49, n. 2 (5 dicembre 2018): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0048393118814765.

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Ingemar Nordin’s Using Knowledge: On the Rationality of Science, Technology, and Medicine is a critical rationalist examination of medicine as a social system, largely science-based, but including quackery. Thus rationality is limited, as befits the author’s fallibilism.
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34

Bertz, Julie, e Martin Quinn. "Situated rationalities and management control change – an empirical note on key actors, situated rationalities and generalised practices". Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management 19, n. 1 (10 dicembre 2021): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qram-03-2021-0042.

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Purpose This paper aims to offer an incremental contribution, augmenting the notion of situated rationality as proposed by terBogt and Scapens (2019). Through insights from empirical data, the authors explore the role of situated rationalities of key individual actors in processes of management control change. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research approach was adopted with qualitative data collected in a single public service organisation through face-to-face interviews, organisation documentation and observations. Findings The findings present the important role of key individual actors in bringing about a new situated rationality in a housing department. External austerity forces combined with actors’ experience rationalities acted as a stimulus to change existing management control practices in the management of public services. Originality/value The paper conceptualises “experience” rationality, capturing the experiences of a key actor, including elements of leadership style. Drawing on a story of a complex process of management control change, this paper thus reveals interactions between generalised practices and situated rationalities which were not highlighted by the extended framework of terBogt and Scapens.
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35

HERISSONE-KELLY, PETER. "Reasons, Rationalities, and Procreative Beneficence: Need Häyry Stand Politely By While Savulescu and Herissone-Kelly Disagree?" Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 20, n. 2 (25 marzo 2011): 258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180110000903.

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The claim that the answers we give to many of the central questions in genethics will depend crucially upon the particular rationality we adopt in addressing them is central to Matti Häyry’s thorough and admirably fair-minded book, Rationality and the Genetic Challenge. That claim implies, of course, that there exists a plurality of rationalities, or discrete styles of reasoning, that can be deployed when considering concrete moral problems. This, indeed, is Häyry’s position. Although he believes that there are certain features definitive of any type of thinking that can accurately be labeled rational, he maintains that nothing about that set of features compels us to conclude that there is a single rationality. What is more, and significantly for the way in which Häyry’s book develops, there is no Archimedean point from which we are licensed to pronounce one flavor of rational deliberation to be intrinsically superior to any other or to be justified to the exclusion of all others. To this belief that “there are many divergent rationalities, all of which can be simultaneously valid,” we can perhaps give the name “the Doctrine of the Plurality of Rationalities” or, for short, “DPR.”
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36

Laurin, Kristin. "Inaugurating Rationalization: Three Field Studies Find Increased Rationalization When Anticipated Realities Become Current". Psychological Science 29, n. 4 (15 febbraio 2018): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617738814.

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People will often rationalize the status quo, reconstruing it in an exaggeratedly positive light. They will even rationalize the status quo they anticipate, emphasizing the upsides and minimizing the downsides of sociopolitical realities they expect to take effect. Drawing on recent findings on the psychological triggers of rationalization, I present results from three field studies, one of which was preregistered, testing the hypothesis that an anticipated reality becoming current triggers an observable boost in people’s rationalizations. San Franciscans rationalized a ban on plastic water bottles, Ontarians rationalized a targeted smoking ban, and Americans rationalized the presidency of Donald Trump, more in the days immediately after these realities became current compared with the days immediately before. Additional findings show evidence for a mechanism underlying these behaviors and rule out alternative accounts. These findings carry implications for scholarship on rationalization, for understanding protest behavior, and for policymakers.
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37

Siegel, Harvey. "Multiculturalism and rationality". Theory and Research in Education 5, n. 2 (luglio 2007): 203–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477878507077735.

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Do cultures differ with respect to judgments of rationality? If so, does it follow that rationality is culturally specific, or that cultures have their own `rationalities'? If so, does it further follow that the philosophical status or worthiness of multiculturalism as a social value or ideal varies from culture to culture? In this article I consider the relationship between rationality and multiculturalism; offer a characterization of the latter that enables it to survive Stanley Fish$quoteright$s claim that `no one could possibly be a multiculturalist in any interesting and coherent sense'; criticize Richard Shweder$quoteright$s case for `divergent rationality'; and argue for a `universalistic', culture-independent understanding of rationality.
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38

GUNSON, DARRYL. "Are All Rational Moralities Equivalent?" Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 20, n. 2 (25 marzo 2011): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180110000885.

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Matti Häyry’s new book Rationality and the Genetic Challenge discusses the ethics of human genetic modification and the bioethical rationalities that inform the different ethical conclusions authors have advanced. It is aimed at correcting the belief that “only one rationality exists or one morality exists; that those that disagree [with them] are unreasonable or evil.” Häyry argues that there are multiple rationalities, and that even though ethical issues may have solutions within individual rationalities, disagreements that have their root in separate rational approaches cannot be universally solved by intellectual arguments. In debates about the ethics of using new biotechnologies to genetically modify human beings, the normal state is one of fundamental disagreement over almost all of the anticipated uses to which the technology could be put. Häyry’s point is that such a state of affairs is not necessarily due to a lack of reason because there are many, equally valid, ways of being reasonable.
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Stoliarova, Olga E. "The Сircular Understanding of Rationality and the Experimenter’s Regress". Voprosy Filosofii, n. 10 (2023): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2023-10-141-145.

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The article deals with the problem of circular proof, which arises in the philo­sophical discussions about rationality, its ideals and standards. Trying to define what rationality is, we are forced to refer to its ideals and criteria, the rationality of which must be established in advance with the help of rational procedures. This situation is characterized as an epistemic circular dependence of the instru­ment and the result and is compared with the situation of experimenter’s regress. The experimenter’s regress is a circular reasoning in which it is possible to judge the correctness of the scientific results obtained only on the basis of the correct­ness of the procedure for obtaining them, and it is impossible to judge the cor­rectness of the procedure for obtaining them without reference to the obtained results. Thus, the proponents of the objectivity of the result and their opponents have no rational grounds for choosing one of the alternatives. The epistemo­logical problematization of the experimenter’s regress indirectly problematizes the theories of rationality, since science and the criteria of rational choice adopted in it act as standards of rationality in itself. It is shown that the epistemological justification of overcoming the experimenter’s regress is carried out by referring to “external factors” that are rationalized by the epistemologist. Although these external factors are declared “irrational,” they are rationalized in the epistemolo­gist’s “laboratory,” add to the baggage of the grounds of rational consent, and en­rich the notion of rationality. This allows us to qualify the circle described by ra­tionality in defining itself as virtuous.
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40

Maslanov, Evgeniy V. "About Some Features of Rationality". Voprosy Filosofii, n. 10 (2023): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2023-10-156-160.

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The article discusses some problems of the philosophical understanding of ratio­nality. When trying to answer the question about the specifics of rationality, we are faced with the need to define its criteria. Often, to identify them, they turn to the study of science as a normative form of rationality. Analysis of the history of science shows the existence of “crazy ideas” that can change the course of sci­entific research and contradict the previously accepted standards of scientific ra­tionality. This demonstrates that scientific rationality relies on existing para­digms and research programs. They are accepted by scientists due to their success. An important condition for considering a certain set of ideas as rational is that they have a history of successful application and use. This creates a con­ceptual space for the creation of “crazy ideas” that can “establish” new research worlds. It is shown that representatives of different cultures can follow different types of rationality, which conceptualize and “establish” the worlds of their own existence in different ways. They may be based on various intuitions and seem irrational to representatives of another culture. In this case, rationality should be considered as a mechanism for “establishing” and describing the world. It should allow solving problems related to existence in the world. This gives us reason to talk about the similarity of scientific rationality and other rationalities in the pos­sibility of “establishing” new worlds. As a result, there are many rationalities and the possibility of constructing projects for building communication between them.
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41

Feleppa, Robert. "Rationality Assumptions and their Limits". Philosophy of the Social Sciences 51, n. 6 (22 novembre 2021): 574–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00483931211052017.

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In “Different Cultures, Different Rationalities” (2000) Stephen Lukes weighs in on the controversies concerning the killing of Captain Cook by Hawaiians and what it says about the role of rationality assumptions in translation. While at first seeming to adopt a Davidsonian anti-relativist position concerning the enabling role of assumptions of common rationality in interpretation, Lukes rejects Davidson’s view, and opts instead for a “totalizing” strategy inspired by Mauss. Here I explore rationales for Lukes’ position and endeavor to reconcile Lukes’, Davidson’s, and Mauss’s positions by developing a case for a limited interpretive requirement of shared rationality.
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42

Kuçuradi, Ioanna. "‘Rationality’ and ‘Rationalities’ within the Framework of the Modernism–Postmodernism Debate". Diogenes 51, n. 2 (maggio 2004): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0392192104044270.

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Kuçuradi, Ioanna. "« Rationalité' » et « rationalités » dans le cadre du débat modernisme ? post-modernisme". Diogène 202, n. 2 (2003): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dio.202.0012.

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44

Garro, Linda C. "On the Rationality of Decision-Making Studies: Part 2: Divergent Rationalities". Medical Anthropology Quarterly 12, n. 3 (settembre 1998): 341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/maq.1998.12.3.341.

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45

Wang, Jin Hai, Yong Wang e Hong Wang. "Upper Bound Solution of Rationalized Janbu Method". Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (settembre 2011): 2393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.2393.

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The theoretical defects of conventional Janbu method are systematically analyzed in this study. On the basis of these theoretical analyses, three inequalities are brought up to rationalize the results of inter-slice shear force, the point of inter-slice normal force and the point of normal force on slip line. The new iteration formulas of rationalized Janbu method are deduced and the process of rationalized upper bound solution is given out. The results of the example given in the end show that the rationalized Janbu method can distinctly improve the results’ reasonableness, and can work out the corresponding reasonable thrust line. And the results of rationalized Janbu method under given safety factor can provide relatively reasonable slipping force and slipping moment for reliability design of reinforcing slope.
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46

Bildtgård, Torbjörn. "Where is food ‘good to think’? Rationalities of food and place in Sweden and France". Social Science Information 52, n. 1 (21 febbraio 2013): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018412466639.

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Where is food ‘good to think’? This comparative study describes the mental foodscapes of Swedish and French people by asking them to say where, in time and space, they would go to in order to eat well. Both the Swedish and French respondents say they would avoid the US and fast-food establishments in order to eat well, but while the French in general point inward, toward the countryside of their region a couple of decades ago, the Swedes, in their choices, want to go far away, to the Mediterranean region, South-east Asia or an abstract wilderness. The article argues that the reason for these differences is that consumers in these two countries use different dominant rationalities to judge the food of different places – a nutritional rationality in Sweden and a rationality of origin in France – and it proceeds to identify the politico-historical roots of these rationalities. Finally, it argues that while each rationality makes a certain set of food and place qualities cognizable and judgeable, others, such as exotic foods in France and conviviality in Sweden, are left non-cognizable and difficult to judge.
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Berliner, Peter, Anne Maj Nielsen e Bjarne Sode Funch. "Indledning". Psyke & Logos 33, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2012): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/pl.v33i2.8788.

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André Breton (1924/1972, p. 20) skrev i sit første surrealistiske manifest at han nok skulle vogte sig for at spøge med psykologien, men er dog samtidig dybt optaget af evnen til at forestille sig noget ved hjælp af fantasien. Omtrent samme år skrev Lev Vygotsky (1925) i sin bog om kunstpsykologi at den skabende proces er en måde at forestille sig noget mentalt som derefter skabes i form af et produkt. Vygotsky argumenterer for at kunsten hjælper til at skaffe ligevægt mellem individet og dets omgivelser. Hos Breton er der ikke tale om en overordnet logik i form af dialektik mellem det mentale – bevidstheden – og omgivelserne. Der er derimod tale om en kamp mellem rationalitet og fantasi: “Ordet frihed er det eneste, der stadig kan begejstre mig. (…). Midt i al den vanære der er gået i arv til os, må vi dog erkende, at vi også har fået overladt tankens allerstørste frihed. (…). Alene fantasien beretter om det, der kan komme, og det er nok til at lette det frygtelige interdikt en smule” (Breton, 1972, p. 20). Dette betyder at fantasien skal sættes fri og ikke lægges ind under en logik der begrænser den. Det er den skabende frie fantasi der lovsynges af Breton. Den fantasi der ikke foregiver at være den logiske virkelighed, men derimod er et eget univers af drømme og associationer. Breton skriver at denne del af intellektets verden netop er blevet draget frem og gjort synlig gennem Freudsopdagelser. Den skal nu frit anvendes i kunsten, ikke som en særlig kunstretning, men som en poetisering af verden som Finn Hermann skriver i introduktionen til den danske udgave af Bretons surrealistiske manifester. Breton blev senere meget diskuteret og kritiseret for sin a-historisering af fantasien som generel og universel snarere end at være knyttet til en bestemt historisk kontekst med dens betingelser og mulige valg.
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48

Zimmerling, Ruth. "Algunas observaciones sobre la parte sumergida del iceberg, o: Javier Muguerza, perplejo ante la racionalidad". Isonomía - Revista de teoría y filosofía del derecho, n. 12 (27 ottobre 2021): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5347/isonomia.v0i12.567.

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“The rationality debate” is one of the main themes of contemporary philosophy... The debate has perhaps been more confusing than clarifying, but at least it has taught us that human rationalitv is a multidimensional thing posvessing many aspecto ...
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49

Mayasari, Mayasari. "Rasionalitas dan Moralitas dalam Pembelajaran Ekonomi". Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 21, n. 2 (12 luglio 2021): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v21i2.1566.

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Economic behavior is the actions or reactions of an object in the form of both rationality, morality, lifestyle, efficiency in consumptive activities, and effectiveness in productive activities. In this paper, the actions to be discussed, analyzed, and studied are actions about rationality and morality in economic learning. In essence, rationality in economic learning teaches students to act rationally in taking economic action. The result of this act of rationality forms students to become materialists, to have economic value, and to maximize the benefits of rational thinking. However, not all economic learning is rationalized because in economic learning there is economic morality that can educate students to be more moral to become economicus man (economic man). Morality relates to one's actions in social relationships, which emphasizes one's concern for the existence of others.
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50

Mirajiani, Mirajiani. "Farmers’ Rationality and Skill Preparedness to Answer the Challenges of Industrial Revolution 4.0 towards Society 5.0: A Case Study in Serang". Komunitas 14, n. 2 (28 settembre 2022): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v14i2.35801.

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Industrial revolution 4.0 towards society 5.0 in the agricultural sector creates complex challenges that demand preparedness of farmer human resources that possess certain rationalities compatible to current development and skill preparedness with various cultural adaptation efforts. The study aims to explore the farmers’ rationality and skill preparedness to answer the challenges of industrial revolution 4.0 towards society 5.0. The research was conducted in Serang City. The research results indicate that the application of agriculture 4.0 is still in the preparation stage. Socio-economic-cultural changes foster agripreneurship system amongst farmers and become an initial capital to answer challenges of the agricultural 4.0. Commercialization and modernization of agriculture brought by social changes and development have shifted the farmers’ rationality map from value rationality to means-end rationality following several development stages passed. Farmers’ creativity is still limited due to the lack of competitiveness and knowledge capacity with productivity-improvement orientation, but not yet efficiency-based. The farmers are relatively adaptive and flexible with the existing changes.
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