Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Resource extractive economy"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Resource extractive economy"
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Kochergin, Dmitry G., e Evgeny E. Zhernov. "The Role of Knowledge Economy in Regional Economic Diversification in Russia". World of Economics and Management 19, n. 4 (2019): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2019-19-4-52-65.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need and the possibility of diversification of the Russian regional economic system, including resources-extractive regions, in the form of a gradual transformational transition to the knowledge economy. The research is conducted on the basis of systematic approach. The work resulted in the selection of a new transformation model of the regional economic system, i.e. diversification based on the development of the knowledge economy, with the diversification index for this model being proposed. Besides, the positive impact of the level of development of the knowledge economy in the region on the diversification of its economic structure was proved and the increase in the level of diversification of the economy of the resource-extractive region with the development of the knowledge economy infrastructure was confirmed. The scope of practical application of the results is the development of regional socio-economic policy on the basis of the proposed approach to the diversification of the regional economic system in the process of its long-term transformation towards the establishment of the knowledge economy.
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Veltmeyer, Henry. "The political economy of natural resource extraction: a new model or extractive imperialism?" Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d'études du développement 34, n. 1 (marzo 2013): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2013.764850.
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Marston, Andrea, e Tom Perreault. "Consent, coercion and cooperativismo: Mining cooperatives and resource regimes in Bolivia". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, n. 2 (17 ottobre 2016): 252–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x16674008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper examines ways in which regional political, economic, and cultural hegemonies maintain “resource regimes” by exploring the emergence of mining cooperatives as central actors in Bolivia’s extractive economy. Like much of Latin America, Bolivia is experiencing a boom in resource extraction. Unlike other Latin American countries, in which the surge in mining activity is driven almost entirely by private, mostly transnational capital, relatively small-scale mining cooperatives play a major role in Bolivia’s mining economy. We draw on the Gramscian concepts of hegemony and the integral state to explore the historical and contemporary relationship between mining cooperatives and unfolding patterns of mineral, water, and territorial governance, particularly in Oruro and Potosí departments. We argue that the regional hegemony of the mining economy has been constructed and maintained by the close historical relationship between mining cooperatives and the Bolivian state. Since the 1930s, the state has supported the formation of mining cooperatives as a means of bolstering the mining economy and stemming political unrest; in recent decades, however, cooperatives have become more actively involved in the maintenance of mining’s regional hegemony.
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OSIPOVA, M. Yu, e E. V. KOZHEMYAKINA. "RESOURCE DEPENDENCE AS A KEY DETERRENT TO REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT". EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2, n. 12 (2020): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.12.02.016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper examines the dependence of the regions of the Russian Federation on the extractive industry. A methodological toolkit is proposed, namely, an econometric model, which made it possible to identify the dominant industry in the regional economy, to form clusters by highlighting the dominant industries. Regression models of each cluster were built to determine the influence of the prevailing industry on the main socio-economic indicators.
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Mueller, J. Tom. "The Dual Dependency of Natural-Resource-Rich Labor Markets in Contemporary Society". Sociological Theory 39, n. 2 (9 aprile 2021): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07352751211001920.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article presents an integrative theoretical framework of subnational natural resource dependence. I argue that rural natural resource dependence represents a special case of the core-periphery relationship, where rural, resource-rich labor markets form a dual dependency on both the global capitalist economy and the local natural environment. This occurs because the contradiction between spatially fixed natural resources and the mobility of capital prompts both external interests and local power elites to use their power to pressure rural labor markets in directions outside their best interest and to exploit rural labor. I argue that both extractive (e.g., mining, timber, agriculture) and nonextractive (e.g., tourism, real estate) forms of natural resource development share this contradiction. Although pushing different uses of the resource base, extractive and nonextractive development do not fundamentally vary in their exploitative relationship with rural labor markets.
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Cotula, Lorenzo. "(Dis)integration in Global Resource Governance: Extractivism, Human Rights, and Investment Treaties". Journal of International Economic Law 23, n. 2 (giugno 2020): 431–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgaa003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract As global material consumption rests on the large-scale production of commodities for food, energy, and raw materials, the governance of natural resources—from national legislation to international trade, investment, and human rights law—has long provided policy arenas for deepening economic integration. Concerns about ‘resource nationalism’ and critiques of investor–state dispute settlement have raised questions as to whether the world might be entering a phase of economic dis-integration. To problematize linear accounts of (dis)integration, this article explores the legal arrangements that integrate resource-dependent countries into the global economy. It argues that natural resource extraction is facilitated by a legal regime that sustains dis-integration patterns in global resource governance—including relations between state-based and traditional governance systems; between extractive enclaves and national territories; and between different spheres of international regulation. Some of the recent contestation, then, reflects efforts to (re)integrate dis-integrated legal and social realities, by more fully recognizing local systems of practice and belief and more effectively considering human rights in investment processes.
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НИКИФОРОВА, В. В. "Economic aspects of subsurface use in northern regions of resource type". Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Series "Economics. Sociology. Culturology", n. 3(23) (9 dicembre 2021): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25587/svfu.2021.23.3.011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
В настоящее время в экономическом развитии не только отдельных регионов, но и всей страны особую роль играет состояние добывающей промышленности, в основном топливно-энергетических ресурсов и цветных металлов. В Российской Федерации доходы, получаемые за счет добычи и экспорта минерального сырья, в стоимостном выражении составляют около 80% российского экспорта. В статье рассматриваются экономические аспекты недропользования в северных регионах ресурсного типа, специализирующихся на добыче высоколиквидных минеральных ресурсов: нефти, газа, угля, алмазов и золота с целью выявления сильных и слабых сторон. Анализируются минерально-сырьевой и производственный потенциалы добывающей промышленности регионов. Методом математической статистики оценивается уровень зависимости социального развития регионов от добывающей промышленности по шкале Чеддока. На основе факторного анализа и оценки экономических составляющих недропользования и региональной статистики за 2010-2020 гг. выявлены высокий уровень ресурсной ориентированности экономики, капиталоемкости и фондоемкости добывающей промышленности и моноспециализация экономики во всех северных регионах ресурсного типа, высокий уровень зависимости социального развития от добывающей промышленности в Республике Саха (Якутия), Ханты-Мансийском – Югра и Ямало-Ненецком автономном округах. Выделены негативные и позитивные факторы устойчивого развития добывающей промышленности, также определены ключевые моменты перспективного развития экономики северных регионов ресурсного типа. At present, the state of the mining industry, mainly fuel and energy resources and non-ferrous metals, plays a special role in the economic development of not only individual regions, but also the whole country. In the Russian Federation, revenues derived from the extraction and export of mineral raw materials in value terms account for about 80% of Russian exports. The article discusses the economic aspects of subsurface use in the northern resource-type regions specializing in the extraction of highly liquid mineral resources: oil, gas, coal, diamonds and gold in order to identify strengths and weaknesses. The mineral raw materials and production potentials of the mining industry of the regions are analyzed. The method of mathematical statistics evaluates the level of dependence of the social development of regions on the extractive industry on the Cheddock scale. Based on a factor analysis and assessment of the economic components of subsurface use and regional statistics for 2010-2020, there was revealed a high level of resource orientation of the economy; capital intensity of the mining industry and monospecialization of the economy in all northern resource-type regions; a high level of dependence of social development on the extractive industry in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Khanty-Mansiysk-Yugra and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. The negative and positive factors of the sustainable development of the mining industry are highlighted, and the key points of the prospective development of the economy of the northern regions of the resource type are also identified.
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Knysh, Valentin, e Tatiana Ponomarenko. "The institutional environment of extractive industries as a driver of sustainable development in resource-driven economies". E3S Web of Conferences 296 (2021): 06010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129606010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Many resource-driven economies (RDE) of low- and middle-income countries are in captivity of the “resource curse”, which is usually associated with the presence in the country of natural reserves of metals, minerals, oil, gas. For several decades, macroeconomic and institutional theories have differently explained why resource dependence in most countries leads to weak economic growth and poverty. Numerous hypotheses and econometric studies expand knowledge about the phenomenon of the resource curse, but the problem for many countries with RDE remains unresolved. In the last 7-8 years prevails the opinion that mining can help countries with RDE to enter the trajectory of sustainable growth. But for this it is necessary to improve the quality of national institutions. It remains unclear how to stimulate a positive transformation of the institutional environment of a resource-dependent economy. The idea of the work is to focus on changing the institutional environment of the extractive industries, and not on the country’s economy as a whole. This approach has been little studied, but its application in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs, 2015-2030) can help increase the contribution of the extractives sector to the sustainable development of a country with RDE and low or middle income. Institutionalization of international sectoral initiatives, introduction of international standards and best practices into the institutional environment of the national extractives sector will have a stimulating effect. For responsible investors, the environmental dimension of sustainability is becoming increasingly important.
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Efimova, Elena, e Daria Gritsenko. "The role of extractive industries in developing peripheral Arctic regions of Russia and Canada". St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies 37, n. 2 (2021): 241–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2021.203.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Russian Federation and Canada are the largest arctic powers that have similar features in evolving their Arctic zones. In the mid-1920s both countries formalized their rights to the northern territories. Russian and Canadian arctic regions are located in harsh climatic zones,geographically distant from national political and business centers, poorly populated, and rich in natural resources. At the same time, there are obvious differences in political institutions,“core-periphery” relationships, business organization, and social activities of aboriginal people and newcomers. The purpose of this study is a comparative evaluation how the rich resource base and industrial production impact on the socio-economic development of the Arctic regions of Russia and Canada. To reach the goal authors use the official statistical sources of the Russian Federation and Canada. Case study method, comparative analysis, and econometric calculations are applied. As a result similar and distinctive features of the industrial development of the Arctic regions of these countries were identified. It can be explained, first of all, by the institutional characteristics of Russia and Canada. Comparing an evidence of the leading extractive companies completed the empirical analysis. Authors concluded that the regions under consideration are characterized by a high or medium share of the extractive industry in the regional economy. Specialization in natural resources extraction and primary processing does not have a negative impact on the economic development of the territories. However, outer companies are engaged in this business that increases the dependence of the regional economy on the conjuncture of world markets. The article investigates in empirical studying common features of the extractive industry in the peripheral Russian and Canadian Arctic territories and its impact on the socio-economic development of these regions.
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Zhironkin, Sergey, e Dawid Szurgacz. "Mining Technologies Innovative Development: Economic and Sustainable Outlook". Energies 14, n. 24 (20 dicembre 2021): 8590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248590.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Resource extractive economy"
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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
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Usman, Zainab. "The political economy of economic diversification in Nigeria". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:82813dad-ef97-46f1-a652-9c2f8403e72a.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As Africa's largest economy and its most populous country, over a decade of rapid economic growth in Nigeria contributed to the 'Africa Rising' narrative. However, like many African commodity exporters, this economic growth, billions of dollars in oil earnings and electoral democracy have not translated into a diversified and industrial economy. This study examines why the Nigerian economy remains so dependent on oil and is non-industrial, which I argue are economic and development outcomes of specific policy choices constrained by Nigeria's institutional configuration or the political settlement. In this endeavour, my central preoccupation is with the political processes of decision making which at any point in time favour one policy choice over the other in resource-rich and plural societies such as Nigeria, and the economic and development outcomes of these policy choices. I employ the political settlements analytical framework to unveil these political processes and the conditions they create in which certain policies are preferred over others. This entails an examination of the causal relationship within the three variables of 'constraints', 'policies' and 'economic and development outcomes'. I argue that understanding Nigeria's challenges of economic diversification requires an examination of its political settlement to identify horizontal (elite competition), vertical (societal agitations for resource redistribution) and external (oil shocks) constraints on a ruling coalition, and the specific economic policy responses each constraint generates. Essentially, my research explains how policy makers are constrained to pursue certain courses of action over others, and the outcomes of these policies on economic growth and the structural transformation of production, exports and government revenue. In the Nigerian context, the study also examines how sub-national and regional differentiation in the distribution of growth in states like Lagos and Kano affect future political processes and their policy outcomes. The thesis draws from multiple data sources, including economic data, semi-structured interviews with various stakeholders, documentary sources, and participant and non-participant observation.
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Shade, Lindsay. "Politics below the Surface: A Political Ecology of Mineral Rights and Land Tenure Struggles in Appalachia and the Andes". UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/50.
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This dissertation examines how confusion and lack of access to information about subsurface property rights facilitates the rapid acquisition of mineral rights by mining interests, leaving those who live 'above the surface' to contend with complicated corporate and bureaucratic apparatuses. The research focuses on the first proposed state-run large scale mining project in Ecuador, believed to contain copper ores, and on the natural gas hydrofracking industry in three counties in north central West Virginia. Qualitative and visual methods, including mapping, are employed to determine (i.) how the geography of subsurface ownership patterns is changing, (ii.) links between changes in subsurface ownership and surface ownership, and (iii.) how these changes are facilitated or impeded by institutional and governance practices.
Rights and permit acquisitions are facilitated by state institutions, which often have strategic interests in mineral development. Accordingly, this research also considers the role of state strategy with respect to the establishment, bureaucratic management, and enforcement of vertical territory, which reflects the state’s interest in and sovereign claim over subterranean resources to benefit the nation. The research finds that the historical separation of subsurface property rights from the surface is associated with a persistent weakening of surface holder claims to land in favor of mining development, and that this weakening has contributed to the long-term persistence of absentee ownership and control over land in Ecuador and West Virginia. Viewing subsurface land deals from the perspective of those whose lives are disrupted on the surface, I conclude from this work that mundane practices such as deed transfers and local micropolitics about land use are significant factors in the lead up to larger scale violences and silences, such as forced displacement and even political imprisonment of activists opposed to extraction.
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Cust, James Frederick. "The economic effects of resource extraction in developing countries". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:50412d56-f193-472e-97ea-a0bbf219cf09.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis presents three core chapters examining different aspects of the relationship between natural resources and economic development. While addressing different questions they share several features in common: a concern with causal inference; overcoming the challenges of endogeneity between resource abundance and other characteristics of developing countries; and the use of new and novel datasets with spatially identified units of analysis. The work contributes to a rich and growing empirical literature seeking to deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanisms affecting the fortunes of resource-abundant countries. In the introductory chapter I discuss the extensive literature on this topic and in particular focus on the new generation of well-identified within-country studies, seeking to understand the empirical relationship between resources and economic development. Countries typically welcome the news of a resource discovery with joy and indeed, resource discoveries hold great economic potential. But what determines whether a country is resource rich or not? Is it more than just a chance finding, or good geology? In Chapter 2, entitled Institutions and the Location of Oil Exploration I present an investigation into this question. I examine the relationship between governance and choices of where to drill for oil. This work utilises a new dataset on exploration wells and looks at the distribution of drilling close to national borders. This allows me to identify estimates for the effect of differences in governance between neighbours. Two times out of three, investors choose to drill on the side of borders that are better governed, all other things being equal. This suggests that resource-wealth itself may be contingent on factors beyond geology, and indeed may be endogenous to the process of development. In Chapter 3, entitled The Local Effects of Resource Extraction, I turn my attention to the local economic consequences of industrial mining in Indonesia. I present a simple three-sector general equilibrium model to generate predictions for the local labour market, akin to the Corden-Neary Dutch disease model of the macroeconomy. I test the predicted effects in response to an exogenous resource sector shock by looking at mine opening or mine expansion events across three hundred mines. I test the predictions of the model, first by estimating the economic footprint from industrial mining; found to be an average of fifteen kilometre radius. I then examine the response of reported labour market activity from households surveyed in nearby communities. Here I find no evidence for a shift of local labour into the mining sector. I do find however a notable movement of labour from the traded sectors (agriculture and manufacturing) to the non-traded service sector, with a strong effect for foreign-owned mines versus domestic ones. Chapter 4, entitled Disentangling the Effects of Resource Extraction: Local Government and Investment Multipliers, examines the oil and gas boom in Indonesia from 1999-2009. Here I deploy a variety of identification strategies to attempt to disentangle the regional effects of the boom, measured in terms of district GDP. I estimate effects arising from transfers of revenue to local government. Using an instrumental variable approach I isolate the fiscal channel from resource projects. I find a positive and significant effect of increased local government revenues on district GDP over the boom decade. I then examine the spillovers from resource projects, isolating them from fiscal transfers. For districts neighbouring resource rich districts I find evidence for a modest positive effect arising from project investments, rather than fiscal transfers. In Chapter 5 I present concluding thoughts and discuss a future research agenda. I also summarise the burgeoning landscape of resource data available for within country and spatially identified studies and offer some thoughts on how this might evolve.
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Duru, Christian Udogadi. "Environmental Degradation: Key Challenge to Sustainable Economic Development in the Niger Delta". ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/114.
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Hess, Sara Lynn. "Extracting the economic benefits of natural resources in the Marcellus Shale Region". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90200.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 97-103).
My thesis seeks to explore the challenge of value capture from natural resources using the case of the Marcellus Shale in West Virginia and Pennsylvania as an exemplar. I examine the mechanisms in place to capture the economic benefits of shale gas extraction in these two states, performing a rough cost benefit analysis that attempts to quantify the economic impact of a single natural gas well drilled in each state. The thesis has two objectives: first, to determine whether or not drilling in the Marcellus Shale produces benefits that are captured and distributed in a way that accounts for the costs of natural gas extraction in Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Second, I hope to provide a cost benefit analysis framework that any locality considering allowing the shale gas industry to operate within its boundaries could utilize to recognize gaps in the distribution of costs and benefits early on, prior to the start of drilling. In addition to performing a cost benefit analysis under normal operations, I also estimate the costs associated with a groundwater contamination rate of 1.2% of drilled shale gas wells in 2012 in both states. This analysis reveals that the costs of groundwater contamination exceed the level of funding allocated to address these potential costs by more than $1 billion in some scenarios. In response to this lack of cost coverage, I suggest several policy solutions aimed at increasing the level of financial assurances states have in place to address the potential negative externalities resulting from the shale gas industry. By limiting the potential negative economic impact of the shale gas industry, these policy suggestions also support stronger value capture.
by Sara Lynn Hess.
M.C.P.
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Phelan, Anna. "Evaluation of social externalities of rapid economic development associated with major resource projects in regional communities". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/86126/1/Anna_Phelan_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis developed a thematic structure for evaluating social externalities of major resource projects using a mixed methods approach and structural equation modelling. The implications offer important insights into the extent quality of life is being influenced by coal seam gas projects in regional communities in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Findings show that unresolved concerns of community residents about environmental and social impacts contribute to lower life-satisfaction, inhibit the community to plan for the future, and lead to a weaker local economy.
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Uzoigwe, Michael Uchenna. "Exploring multi-stakeholder initiatives for natural resource governance : the example of the Nigerian Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (NEITI)". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3346/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Multi-stakeholder Initiatives (MSIs) bring multiple stakeholders (usually government, business, and civil society) to a common platform to dialogue, design, and implement sustainable solutions to identified governance issues. However, what factors are likely to determine the effectiveness of MSIs? The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) is a global MSI, established in 2003, that seeks to improve the management of natural resource wealth in implementing countries through increased transparency. This study examines the Nigerian EITI to explore the factors that influence the organisation and effectiveness of MSIs. We find that the Nigerian EITI (NEITI) falls short of a truly multi-stakeholder initiative and hence is limited in its impact and effectiveness in improving resource wealth management in Nigeria. Four factors deduced from a combination of agency and collective action theories appear to be strong in explaining the shortcomings of the NEITI. These factors are the Nigerian structural environment, the characteristics of the stakeholders to the Nigerian extractives industry, the emergent governance structure of NEITI, and the nature of external influence on NEITI. Evidence gathered from the implementation of NEITI, demonstrates that a combination of these factors has contributed to the difficulty in achieving a truly multi-stakeholder structure and hence the limited impact of the initiative on improving resource wealth management in Nigeria.
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Adibi, Naeem. "Développement d’un indicateur d’évaluation d’impacts de la consommation des ressources : cas d'application à une extraction des matériaux versus un recyclage". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0013/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’augmentation de la consommation de ressources suscite des préoccupations quant à leur disponibilité. Ces dernières années, les organisations nationales et internationales ont défini l’approvisionnement durable des ressources et la mise en place d’une économie circulaire comme des objectifs centraux de leurs stratégies à court et long termes.Dans ce contexte, différentes approches méthodologiques relevant de l’Analyse du Cycle de Vie (ACV) sont utilisées pour caractériser l'impact de l'épuisement des ressources. Les approches actuelles fournissent néanmoins des visions partielles, car dépendantes de données disponibles limitées, et ne reflètent pas les défis de la société en lien avec cette question des ressources.La méthode et les facteurs nouvellement développés fournissent une vision plus exhaustive de la disponibilité des ressources et peuvent être utilisés dans des analyses du cycle de vie ou dans des approches d'économie circulaire. Ce travail fut produit en partenariat avec le cd2e et le pôle de compétitivité Team². Il a également été réalisé en collaboration avec le bureau d’études et d’expertise en ACV, CyclecoIncrease in resource demand raises concerns over their availability. In the recent years, national and international institutions have targeted sustainable resource supply and new economy models (e.g. circular economy, etc.) as a goal of their short- and long-term strategies. In this context, different methodological approaches under Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework are used to address the impact of resource depletion. However, they provide partial visions, based on limited available data, and do not reflect society challenges related to the resources. The newly developed factors and the LCIA method provide a more exhaustive vision through the availability of resources and may be used in Life Cycle Assessment or circular economy approaches. This work is done in partnership with the cd2e and Team2 cluster. It is also carried out in collaboration with CYCLeco Life Cycle Assessment Experts
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Castañeda, Rosales Sarah Elizabeth. "Impacto de la riqueza del sector extractivo minero y la calidad institucional sobre el crecimiento económico en el Perú". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653599.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La literatura ha documentado que los países más abundantes en recursos naturales tienden a registrar menores tasas de crecimiento que los países con menos recursos. Este fenómeno se conoce como la maldición de los recursos naturales. No obstante, diversos estudios sugieren que esta maldición no es provocada por la afluencia de recursos, sino que podría estar condicionada a la calidad de las instituciones del país. La presente investigación busca determinar el impacto de la abundancia del sector extractivo minero y la calidad institucional sobre el crecimiento económico en el Perú. Para ello, se utiliza un set de datos de series de tiempo para el periodo 1996T1-2018T4. Siguiendo la metodología de Johansen y Juselius (1990), se estima un modelo basado en la ecuación planteada por Sachs y Warner (1995) a la que se incorpora una variable que mide el componente institucional. Los resultados muestran que la riqueza del sector minero no presenta un impacto negativo per se sobre el crecimiento económico en el largo plazo, rechazándose así la hipótesis de la maldición de recursos para el caso peruano. Sin embargo, cuando se incluye el concepto de calidad institucional al análisis, los resultados varían a favor de la validación de la hipótesis, demostrando que, no es la abundancia de recursos la condición que obra en detrimento del desempeño final del crecimiento económico sino la existencia de instituciones de mala calidad en el Perú.The literature has documented that countries with more natural resources tend to have lower growth rates than countries with fewer resources. This phenomenon is known as the Resource Curse. However, various studies suggest that this curse is not caused by the influx of resources, but could be conditioned by the quality of the country's institutions. This paper seeks to determine the impact of the abundance of the mining extractive sector and institutional quality on economic growth in Peru. To do this, a set of time series data is used for the period 1996Q1-2018Q4. Following the methodology of Johansen and Juselius (1990), a model based on the equation proposed by Sachs and Warner (1995) is estimated, incorporating a variable that measures the institutional component. The results show that the wealth of the mining sector does not present a negative impact per se on economic growth in the long term, thus rejecting the hypothesis of the resource curse for the Peruvian case. However, when the concept of institutional quality is included in the analysis, the results vary in favor of the validation of the hypothesis, showing that it is not the abundance of resources that is detrimental to the final performance of economic growth, but rather the existence of poor quality institutions in Peru.
Trabajo de investigación
Libri sul tema "Resource extractive economy"
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Resource extraction and protest in Peru. Pittsburgh, Pa: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2014.
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Abigail, Anongos, Whitmore Andrew 1966- e Tebtebba (Organization), a cura di. Pitfalls & pipelines: Indigenous peoples and extractive industries. Baguio City, Philippines: Tebtebba Foundation, 2012.
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Collier, Paul. Plundered nations?: Successes and failures in natural resource extraction. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
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4
Aronsson, Fredrik. Coconut oil extraction in the village of Edumafa, Ghana: Technologies, resources and socio-economic context. Goteborg: Chalmers tekniska högskola, Avdelningen för fysisk resursteori., 1998.
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The politics of resource extraction: Indigenous peoples, multinational corporations and the state. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
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Indonesia, Penerbit Universitas, a cura di. Governance of extractive industries: Assessing national experiences to inform regional cooperation in Southeast Asia. [Jakarta]: UIP, 2014.
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Sólo para medio vivir: La importancia de las actividades extractivas de recursos forestales no maderables en los hogares de Carmelita y Uaxactún, Petén, Guatemala. Guatemala: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 2007.
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Resource curse or blessing?: Africa's management of its extractive industries : hearing before the Subcommittee on African Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, September 24, 2008. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2009.
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Transparency of extractive industries: High stakes for resource-rich countries, citizens, and international business : hearing before the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, October 25, 2007. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.
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Steve, Drury, a cura di. Energy: Fossil fuels, nuclear and renewables. 2a ed. Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 2008.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Resource extractive economy"
1
Ciccantell, Paul S. "Commodity Chains and Extractive Peripheries: Coal and Development". In Resource Peripheries in the Global Economy, 21–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84606-0_2.
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Godina Košir, Ladeja, e Petra Kuenkel. "Collaborative Transformations: Circular Economy Strategies in Europe". In Transformation Literacy, 277–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93254-1_19.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis chapter looks at ways of strengthening transformations towards a Circular Economy in Europe. The current economic system is plundering the planet and endangering the quality of life of future generations. Extractive economies take resources, produce goods and drop waste, as if resource could never get depleted, and waste would not accumulate as environmental threat. Mindset shifts are underway, because resources are increasingly getting scarce, greenhouse gas emissions have reached a point which lets people begin to experience the volatility of the future, and connections between the climate crisis and the health crisis are apparent. Yet, there is a tendency to believe, circularity is mainly about technology. But a Circular Economy approach is more than recycling: it includes many aspects of actions that lead to an overall regenerative operating system at the core of economic activities. Practitioner pioneers require support from Governments, and without national strategies and roadmaps, pathways to regenerative future will be underutilized. This chapter looks at the need for collaborative approaches to transformative change. The most important strategies get highlighted, and the challenges elaborated. The chapter concludes with recommendations to governments and other relevant stakeholders on how to drive the transitiontowards Circular Economies.
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Chen, Guangquan, Bochau Xu, Butsawan Bidorn e William C. Burnett. "Effects of Groundwater Extraction and River Regulation on Coastal Freshwater Resources". In Blue Economy, 123–52. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5065-0_5.
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Ruth, Matthias. "Thermodynamic Implications for Nonrenewable Resource Extraction with Endogenous Technical Change". In Ecology, Economy & Environment, 129–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1899-8_9.
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Van Long, Ngo, e Huilan Tian. "Resource Extraction and Hartwick’s Rule Under Terms of Trade Uncertainty". In Challenges to the World Economy, 341–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19018-6_26.
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Conrad, Klaus. "Optimal Intertemporal Pricing of Resource Stocks: The Case of Fossil Fuel Extraction and Atmospheric CO2 Deposits". In ZEW Economic Studies, 291–314. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57415-3_13.
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Hesse, Arielle, Jennifer Baka e Kirby Calvert. "Enclosure and Exclusion Within Emerging Forms of Energy Resource Extraction: Shale Fuels and Biofuels". In The Palgrave Handbook of the International Political Economy of Energy, 641–60. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55631-8_26.
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Rodríguez, Fabricio. "Contested Resources and South-South Inequalities: What Sino-Brazilian Trade Means for the “Low-Carbon” Bioeconomy". In Bioeconomy and Global Inequalities, 265–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68944-5_13.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis article explores Brazil’s relationship of trade dependency to China and its implications for the former’s attempt to lead the way into a low-carbon bioeconomy. While actors from Brazil’s sucro-energetic sector try to rescale the use of agrofuels as a clean source of bio-based energy, China’s growing demand for Brazilian resources places a structural constraint on any Brazilian attempt to move away from fossil developmental paradigms. The chapter shows how green narratives of South-South cooperation—entailing the “low-carbon bioeconomy” on the Brazilian side, and the concept of “ecological civilization” on the Chinese side—collide with the high-carbon qualities of Sino-Brazilian trade. Importantly, Brazilian exports to China are currently adding to the carbon-intensive quality of the global economy. Additionally, bilateral trade is indicative of a new pattern of global inequality in which Brazilian geographies of oil, iron ore and soy extraction provide the material basis for China’s economic transformation.
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Golembiovskaya, O. M., M. A. Gundorova e Z. V. Mishchenko. "Methodical Approach to Extraction Results Diagnostics of Innovation and Resource Potential in the Russian Federation Territories". In Smart Technologies and Innovations in Design for Control of Technological Processes and Objects: Economy and Production, 804–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15577-3_74.
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Sarov, Angel. "The Use of : Benefits to the in Bulgaria". In Future City, 309–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71819-0_17.
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AbstractThis chapter’s target is to accentuate on the benefits for the social-economic development, resulting from the wastewater governance. The wastewater treatment is the process of extraction of extra-resources, namely: residual biogas, used for heat and electricity; sand used in the construction; sludge and purified water, discharged into hydro-basins. Simultaneously, attention should be paid of the environmental challenges in relation to the circular economy. The sludge use should become a national policy with a direct governmental engagement, having in view that wastewater treatment plants and wastewater safety are strategic guidelines. Statistical information was used by Eurostat and the Ministry of Agriculture and Food and Forestry (MAFF)’s Agristatistics Department (2020). A brief literature review of publications on the topic is made at the outset. Thereafter, more light is placed on the regulatory framework in the EU and Bulgaria. The analysis continues with the situation so far, based on existing statistics on the quantities of sludge received and its utilization in agriculture in the European countries and in Bulgaria. Dependence and sludge effect on grain yield are determined on the basis of regression analysis.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Resource extractive economy"
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Atapattu, AMDS, H. Chandanie e R. Dilakshan. "Importance of a value assessment tool in regenerating a circular built environment in Sri Lanka". In 10th World Construction Symposium. Building Economics and Management Research Unit (BEMRU), University of Moratuwa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.45.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Attribute to the rapid expansion of the built environment, excessive resource consumption and waste generation aligned with the corresponding linear economy practices have impacted the preservation of the ecosphere. In addressing the shortcomings of the linear economy, the circular economy concept was introduced by prioritising the circular value streams of the resources which minimises resource extraction and waste generation. However, environmental concerns are often disregarded in construction processes where the priority is given to the cost and economic return of construction applications. Simultaneously, the absence of a proper methodology in assessing the economic aspects of circular economy principles is apparent in the built environment sector. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the importance of a proper value assessment tool in shifting to a circular built environment in Sri Lanka. Instigating from a literature survey, the existing knowledge on the study area was synthesised. A qualitative approach was followed in the empirical study where semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten experts in the field of circular economy in Sri Lanka. The manual content analysis technique was followed in analysing the collected qualitative data. The findings revealed that the extremely low maturity of circular economy practices in the Sri Lankan construction sector is mainly caused by the absence of a proper value assessment tool. Therefore, the introduction of a proper value assessment tool is important for circular built environment experts to encourage the fellow construction community towards the transition to a circular built environment in Sri Lanka.
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Heisel, Felix, e Cameron Becker. "RhinoCircular: Development and Testing of a Circularity Indicator Tool for Application in Early Design Phases and Architectural Education". In 2020 ACSA Fall Conference. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.24.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
RhinoCircular is a CAD plugin developed within the Circular Construction Lab (CCL) at Cornell University that assesses a building design’s environmental impact in respect to its embodied carbon values and circularity: the degree to which design solutions minimize extraction and waste in favor of reusable, recyclable and renewable material resources. Over their full life cycle, current buildings account for 39% of carbon dioxide emissions [1] and more than 50% of resource extraction and solid waste production. [2,3] As a way to overcome the social, economic, and environmental problems of this linear economic system, the concept of the circular economy is increasingly gaining attention. Activating the built environment as a material reserve for the construction of future cities would not only provide valuable local resources, but also potentially prevent up to 50% of the industry’s emissions by capitalizing on embodied carbon. [1] However, this requires radical paradigm shifts in how we design and construct buildings (e.g. materials selection/ design for disassembly), and in how resources are managed within the built environment. Buildings and regions need to anticipate stocks and flows of materials, documenting and communicating which materials in what quantities and qualities become available for reuse or recycling where and when. RhinoCircular allows direct and immediate feedback on design decisions in respect to formal deliberations, structural considerations, material selection and detailing based on material passports and circularity indicators. It can be integrated in existing and complex workflows and is compatible with industry-standard databases while providing its own essential dataset-complementing missing information.
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Gori, Fabio. "Preliminary Results for Forecasting the Oil Price Evolution With Negative Inflation Rate". In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86729.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mass conservation equation is employed to study the time evolution of the mass of oil remaining in a reservoir, according to the mass flow rate of extraction, and to define the critical mass flow rate of extraction, which is the value exhausting the reservoir in an infinite time. The price evolution with time of the resource sold to the market is investigated in case of no-accumulation and no-depletion of the resources; i.e. when the resources are extracted and sold to the market at the same mass flow rate. The energy conservation equation is transformed into an energy-capital conservation equation, which allows to study the oil price evolution with time, dependent on the following parameters. The parameter PIFE, “Price Increase Factor of Extracted resource”, is the difference between the basic interest rate of the capital, e.g. inflation rate, and the mass flow rate of extraction. The parameter PIFS, “Price Increase Factor of Sold resource”, is the difference between the interest rate of the capital, e.g. prime rate, and the mass flow rate of extraction. The parameter CIPS, “Critical Initial Price of Sold resource”, depends on the initial price of the extracted resource, the interest rate of non-extracted resource, and the difference between PIFS and PIFE. The parameter CIPES, “Critical Initial Price Extreme of Sold resource”, depends on the initial price of the extracted resource, the interest rate of non-extracted resource, and PIFS. The present theory is applied to the time evolution of the oil price during the years following the economic crisis of 2008, introducing the new category of cases with a negative inflation rate, that was registered during 2009. The present theory can be applied also to the months with negative inflation rate with a reasonable fair agreement.
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Messias Sodré Cunha, Arthur, Jully do Nascimento Germano, Gustavo Tavares Machado e Frank Pavan de Souza. "Application of the circular economy in the industrial scrapmanagement process: a case study in the Açu Port Complex". In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Perspectivas Online: Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8876113220212363.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main proposal of the circular economy is to change the concept of "garbage" fromWaste that was structured in this project and replaced by a continuous and cyclical vision of the production, in which resources are no longer just explored and discarded and are now reused in a new Cycle. The Circular Economy encourages new management practices, creating opportunities and value for organizations in harmony with the environment. This article aims to analyze the feasibility of implementing Circular Economy methods, with an emphasis on controlling scrap disposal in the Açu Port Complex (São Joãoda Barra/RJ), bringing sustainable alternatives to Waste Management. In addition to evaluating its environmental and economic efficiency, it proposes to end the linear production process and reinsert waste into the production cycle to minimize environmental treatment and the extraction of raw materials. The investigation will start through specific exploratory research, bringing as a consequence, possible economic alternatives for the reuse of these materials. The research is also classified as descriptiveand case study since a survey of real information on waste management in the Açu Port Complex will be carried out. It is hoped through this research to demonstrate how the circular economy can contribute to economic, social, and environmental development when used in an interdisciplinary way by productive activities.
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RODINO, Steliana, Alina BUTU, Raluca ION e Marian BUTU. "UNLOCKING BIOECONOMY POTENTIAL IN ROMANIAN AGRIFOOD SECTOR". In Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2019/8/09.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The bioeconomy concept is generally defined as the use of renewable biological resources to produce food, materials and energy. This concept is now seen as an innovation trigger that will be the cornerstone of a knowledge leap in most economy sectors, on the way towards increasing sustainability of human activity. Agriculture occupies the most i and in Romania as well. The present study encompasses a general overview on bioeconomy mportant part of the revenues obtained from economic activities in many countries in EU potential in Romania, pointing specific issues regarding the challenges and opportunities for environmental protection and for agricultural activities. From a methodological point of view, the indirect research methods were used, reviewing specialized literature published until now: scientific articles and press releases. Extraction, observation, analysis and comparison of data provided by official databases was also applied.
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Khlobystov, Ie, L. Horoshkova, V. Trysnyuk, D. Tarasenko, O. Tarasenko e L. Filipishyna. "Economic and mathematical modelling of sustainable extraction of natural resources". In Geoinformatics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20215521111.
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Kushnareva, Margarita. "Development of Stone Coal Deposits by the «Heirs of A.I. Gromova» Company in North-Eastern Siberia at the Beginning of the XX Century". In Irkutsk Historical and Economic Yearbook 2021. Baikal State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/978-5-7253-3040-3.10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article examines the process of organizing the exploration and development of coal deposits by the company «Heirs of A. I. Gromova» in North-Eastern Siberia. The author found that the transition to coal made it possible to increase the intensity of the company›s cargo transportation by river and sea. It was determined that the extraction of resources from the local deposit contributed to the formation of the transport infrastructure of the macroregion.
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Abdullina, D., K. Valeev e R. Safin. "ENERGY RESOURCE-SAVING PLANT FOR EXTRACTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES". In Modern machines, equipment and IT solutions for industrial complex: theory and practice. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mmeitsic2021_175-179.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As know, all wood material is recycled only half, and the rest of it remains unused. In practice, wood waste is most often plowed or burned, at a time when such wood is a valuable natural raw material that can compensate for the needs of a number of sectors of the economy. In this regard, the problem of recycling waste from the woodworking industry is very relevant today. Wood waste contains a large amount of substances capable of exhibiting biological activity. In particular, such biologically active substances include betulin, which is found in birch bark, which, due to its many advantages, has found wide application in medical, perfumery, cosmetic, food and other industries. For the rational use of wood and wood materials, it is necessary to develop new technologies and equipment for processing wood into products that are in demand for mankind. The paper provides an overview of the processing of birch bark. The relevance and prospects of birch species as a raw material for the chemical industry have been established. An installation for obtaining biologically active substances from wood waste is presented.
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Vučinić, Ivana, e Dragana Milenkovic. "THE INFLUENCE OF ECOLOGICAL TRENDS ON THE SHAPING OF LIFE IN THE XXI CENTURY". In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2022.0023.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Man, as a natural being, modifies the ecosystems of which he is an integral part, but this does not diminish his obligation to leave the environment to his descendants, at least in the state in which he "got it for use" from his ancestors. The growth trend observed in the field of extraction of natural resources, global population, gross domestic product and waste disposal is the basis for the development of the global environmental crisis, which is caused by unreasonable and irresponsible human behavior towards nature and its resources. The ecological crisis, as a disturbance and threat to the balance of the natural and social components of the environment and consequently human existence, is a trend that is intensively influencing the shaping of life in the 21st century. Unsustainable use of natural resources in combination with continuous increase in waste causes concern for human survival and requires immediate transformation and transition from dominant economic models based on linear patterns of production, consumption and disposal, to closed-loop models - circular models. The process of harmonization of technological progress and economic growth and development, with the goals of preserving the quality of the environment, has developed the need to build the innovative potential of the economy and apply the principles of sustainable development, as a strategic commitment of almost all countries in the 21st century. In this regard, a change in worldview - the development of environmental knowledge is necessary and is the primary goal in establishing the optimal, interaction of man and nature. The aim of the work is to point out the negative consequences of irresponsible behavior towards the environment and natural resources.
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Itemen, N. M., e E. M. Dutova. "FAMILIARIZATION OF HYDROMINERAL RESOURCES IN OIL AND GAS FIELDS OF WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN". In Prirodopol'zovanie i ohrana prirody: Ohrana pamjatnikov prirody, biologicheskogo i landshaftnogo raznoobrazija Tomskogo Priob'ja i drugih regionov Rossii. Izdatel'stvo Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-954-9-2020-70.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Based on the analysis of the published data is shown, economic efficiency of the processing of hydromineral raw materials in various countries of the world. In the course of research for 2017–2019 an experimental implementation of a technological solution for the complex processing of reservoir brines in specific areas (Asar, Bekturly, South Zhetybai deposits) was carried out, a technological scheme has been developed for the extraction of lithium and magnesium from associated brine taking into account their integrated and environmentally safe processing. The main characteristics of reservoir water are established, selected as promising for the extraction of compounds of Li and Mg.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Resource extractive economy"
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Fritz, Brugger, Bezzola Selina, Hochet Peter e Salavessa João. Public monitoring of the economic, social and environmental effect of industrial mining. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), maggio 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_r4d.2020.2.en.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The transition to renewable energy and a digital economy increases the demand for minerals. The development impact of resource extraction is the green economy’s Achilles heel. The Resource Impact Dashboard (RID) is an evidence-based policy instrument to encourage constructive dialogue between stakeholders about concerns related to economic, social, environmental and institutional outcomes of industrial mining. Results from the pilot-phase corroborate the necessity and the promises of public monitoring and deliberation.
2
Balza, Lenin, Camilo De Los Rios e Nathaly M. Rivera. Digging Deep: Resource Exploitation and Higher Education. Inter-American Development Bank, ottobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004495.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Do resource-extraction booms crowd out postsecondary education? We explore this question by examining the higher education-related decisions of Chilean high school graduates during the 2000s commodities boom. We find mineral extraction increases a person's likelihood of enrolling in postsecondary technical education while reducing the likelihood of completing a four-year professional degree program. Importantly, effects are heterogeneous across economic backgrounds. The impact on college dropouts is primarily present among students that graduated from public high schools, which generally cater to low-income groups. Our findings show that natural resources may affect human capital accumulation differently across income groups in resource-rich economies.
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Sayour, Nagham, e Marcel Schröder. The Foreign Direct Investment Job Multiplier During a Resource Boom: Evidence from Mongolia. Asian Development Bank, dicembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210454-2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper explores a particular job creation channel during a resource boom, using Mongolia as a case study. Resource booms can lead to impressive growth rates in resource-rich developing countries. The paper examines the link between resource booms triggered by new resource projects and FDI inflows into the non-resource sector on one hand, and FDI and job creation on the other. Its analysis focuses explicitly on the non-resource sector, where the positive economic effects of FDI are more pronounced than in the extractive sector.
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Free, Michael. Economic Extraction, Recovery and Upgrading of Rare Earth Elements from Coal-Based Resources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1634992.
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Corral, Leonardo, Maja Schling e César Montiel. The Economic and Ecological Impact of Natural Resource Extraction: The Case of the Camisea Gas Project in Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, settembre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001315.
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Walsh, Alex. The Contentious Politics of Tunisia’s Natural Resource Management and the Prospects of the Renewable Energy Transition. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), febbraio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.048.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
For many decades in Tunisia, there has been a robust link between natural resource management and contentious national and local politics. These disputes manifest in the form of protests, sit-ins, the disruption of production and distribution and legal suits on the one hand, and corporate and government response using coercive and concessionary measures on the other. Residents of resource-rich areas and their allies protest the inequitable distribution of their local natural wealth and the degradation of their health, land, water, soil and air. They contest a dynamic that tends to bring greater benefit to Tunisia’s coastal metropolitan areas. Natural resource exploitation is also a source of livelihoods and the contentious politics around them have, at times, led to somewhat more equitable relationships. The most important actors in these contentious politics include citizens, activists, local NGOs, local and national government, international commercial interests, international NGOs and multilateral organisations. These politics fit into wider and very longstanding patterns of wealth distribution in Tunisia and were part of the popular alienation that drove the uprising of 2011. In many ways, the dynamic of the contentious politics is fundamentally unchanged since prior to the uprising and protests have taken place within the same month of writing of this paper. Looking onto this scene, commentators use the frame of margins versus centre (‘marginalization’), and also apply the lens of labour versus capital. If this latter lens is applied, not only is there continuity from prior to 2011, there is continuity with the colonial era when natural resource extraction was first industrialised and internationalised. In these ways, the management of Tunisia’s natural wealth is a significant part of the country’s serious political and economic challenges, making it a major factor in the street politics unfolding at the time of writing.
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Rahmé, Marianne, e Alex Walsh. Corruption Challenges and Responses in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Institute of Development Studies, gennaio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.093.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) consistently scores in the lowest rungs of global indexes on corruption, integrity and wider governance standards. Indeed, corruption of different sorts pervades public and corporate life, with strong ramifications for human development. Although the DRC is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of natural resources, its people are among the globe’s poorest.Corruption in the extractive industries (minerals and oil) is particularly problematic in terms of scale and its centrality to a political economy that maintains elites and preserves the highly inequitable outcomes for the majority. The politico-economic elites of the DRC, such as former President Joseph Kabila, are reportedly significant perpetrators but multinationals seeking valuable minerals or offering financial services are also allegedly deeply involved. Corruption is therefore a problem with national and international roots.Despite national and international initiatives, levels of corruption have proven very stubborn for at least the last 20 years, for various reasons. It is a structural and not just a legal issue. It is deeply entrenched in the country’s political economy and is driven both by domestic clientelism and the fact that multinationals buy into corrupt deals. This rapid review therefore seeks to find out the Corruption challenges and responses in the Democratic Republic of Congo.Grand level corruption shades down into the meso-level, where for instance, mineral laden trucks are systematically under-weighted with the collusion of state officials. With severe shortfalls in public funding, certain public services, such as education, are supported by informal payments. Other instances of petty corruption facilitate daily access to goods and services. At this level, there are arguments against counting such practices as forms of corruption and instead as necessary survival practices.To address the challenge of corruption, the DRC is equipped with a legal system that is of mixed strengths and an institutional arsenal that has made limited progress. International programming in integrity and anti-corruption represents a significant proportion of support to the DRC but much less than humanitarian and governance sectors. The leading international partners in this regard are the EU, US, UNDP, UK, African Development Bank, Germany and Sweden. These partners conduct integrity programming in general governance issues, as well as in the mineral and forest sectors.The sources used in this rapid review are gender blind and converge on a very negative picture The literature ranges from the academic and practitioner to the journalistic and investigative, and taken as a whole, is of good quality, drawing on different types of evidence including perceptions and qualitative in-country research. The sources are mostly in English with two in French.
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Lazonick, William. Investing in Innovation: A Policy Framework for Attaining Sustainable Prosperity in the United States. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, marzo 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp182.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
“Sustainable prosperity” denotes an economy that generates stable and equitable growth for a large and growing middle class. From the 1940s into the 1970s, the United States appeared to be on a trajectory of sustainable prosperity, especially for white-male members of the U.S. labor force. Since the 1980s, however, an increasing proportion of the U.S labor force has experienced unstable employment and inequitable income, while growing numbers of the business firms upon which they rely for employment have generated anemic productivity growth. Stable and equitable growth requires innovative enterprise. The essence of innovative enterprise is investment in productive capabilities that can generate higher-quality, lower-cost goods and services than those previously available. The innovative enterprise tends to be a business firm—a unit of strategic control that, by selling products, must make profits over time to survive. In a modern society, however, business firms are not alone in making investments in the productive capabilities required to generate innovative goods and services. Household units and government agencies also make investments in productive capabilities upon which business firms rely for their own investment activities. When they work in a harmonious fashion, these three types of organizations—household units, government agencies, and business firms—constitute “the investment triad.” The Biden administration’s Build Back Better agenda to restore sustainable prosperity in the United States focuses on investment in productive capabilities by two of the three types of organizations in the triad: government agencies, implementing the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, and household units, implementing the yet-to-be-passed American Families Act. Absent, however, is a policy agenda to encourage and enable investment in innovation by business firms. This gaping lacuna is particularly problematic because many of the largest industrial corporations in the United States place a far higher priority on distributing the contents of the corporate treasury to shareholders in the form of cash dividends and stock buybacks for the sake of higher stock yields than on investing in the productive capabilities of their workforces for the sake of innovation. Based on analyzes of the “financialization” of major U.S. business corporations, I argue that, unless Build Back Better includes an effective policy agenda to encourage and enable corporate investment in innovation, the Biden administration’s program for attaining stable and equitable growth will fail. Drawing on the experience of the U.S. economy over the past seven decades, I summarize how the United States moved toward stable and equitable growth from the late 1940s through the 1970s under a “retain-and-reinvest” resource-allocation regime at major U.S. business firms. Companies retained a substantial portion of their profits to reinvest in productive capabilities, including those of career employees. In contrast, since the early 1980s, under a “downsize-and-distribute” corporate resource-allocation regime, unstable employment, inequitable income, and sagging productivity have characterized the U.S. economy. In transition from retain-and-reinvest to downsize-and-distribute, many of the largest, most powerful corporations have adopted a “dominate-and-distribute” resource-allocation regime: Based on the innovative capabilities that they have previously developed, these companies dominate market segments of their industries but prioritize shareholders in corporate resource allocation. The practice of open-market share repurchases—aka stock buybacks—at major U.S. business corporations has been central to the dominate-and-distribute and downsize-and-distribute regimes. Since the mid-1980s, stock buybacks have become the prime mode for the legalized looting of the business corporation. I call this looting process “predatory value extraction” and contend that it is the fundamental cause of the increasing concentration of income among the richest household units and the erosion of middle-class employment opportunities for most other Americans. I conclude the paper by outlining a policy framework that could stop the looting of the business corporation and put in place social institutions that support sustainable prosperity. The agenda includes a ban on stock buybacks done as open-market repurchases, radical changes in incentives for senior corporate executives, representation of workers and taxpayers as directors on corporate boards, reform of the tax system to reward innovation and penalize financialization, and, guided by the investment-triad framework, government programs to support “collective and cumulative careers” of members of the U.S. labor force. Sustained investment in human capabilities by the investment triad, including business firms, would make it possible for an ever-increasing portion of the U.S. labor force to engage in the productive careers that underpin upward socioeconomic mobility, which would be manifested by a growing, robust, and hopeful American middle class.