Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Restoration ecology – Indonesia – Kalimantan Timur"

Pada 26 Agustus 2019, Presiden Republik Indonesia telah mengumumkan rencana pemindahan ibu kota Indonesia ke Kalimantan Timur. Indikator pemilihan kandidat ibu kota baru berdasarkan oposisi dari permasalahan yang dihadapi DKI Jakarta, yaitu situasi terlalu padat menimbulkan permasalahan macet, polusi, rentan banjir, dan masalah geografis seperti dataran yang sudah menurun serta dekat dengan zona tumbukan lempeng.Muncul tanggapan dari berbagai pihak, meski salah satu alasan pemilihan terkait rencana ibu kota baru di Kalimantan Timur karena tidak rawan bencana alam namun terdapat isu masalah lingkungan hidup yang sering terjadi yaitu, deforestasi. Rencana ini akan meningkatkan potensi deforestasi—hutan gambut sebagai vegetasi mayoritas merupakan area rawan terbakar. Kemungkinan masifnya migrasi penduduk tanpa perencanaan proteksi lingkungan melalui masyarakat itu sendiri nantinya mengakibatkan potensi deforestasi besar-besaran karena ekspansi wilayah menurunkan kuantitas hutan dan berdampak pada satwa langka yang tinggal di dalam nya.Peningkatan deforestasi besar-besaran karena potensi migrasi penduduk yang masif akan terjadi karena adanya interaksi ekonomi dengan penduduk setempat yang akan melakukan ekspansi lahan untuk pertanian, serta kegiatan berburu dan menangkap ikan yang menggunakan api sebagai salah satu keperluannya. Aktivitas ekonomi ini berada pada atau dekat dengan area hutan gambut yang memudahkan api menjalar lebih cepat dan besar, ditambah dengan isu perubahan iklim yang terjadi membuat pemadaman kebakaran hutan ini lebih sulit dapat menghentikan aktivitas ibu kota baru dalam jangka waktu yang lama serta kabut asap yang dihasilkan dapat bertahan lebih lama dan berimbas pada masalah kesehatan dan ekonomi masyarakat.Sehingga perlu peran sinergis antara pemerintah dan masyarakat, melalui perspektif disiplin kesejahteraan sosial dengan menggunakan pendekatan pengorganisasian masyarakat (community organizing) yakni perencanaan dan kebijakan sosial di mana pemerintah perlu membuat kebijakan penghijauan kembali bersama masyarakat (community restoration policies) serta pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui locality development.Artikel ini melalui perspektif disiplin kesejahteraan sosial dengan menggunakan pendekatan pengorganisasian masyarakat akan membahas pengaruh potensi migrasi penduduk yang masif pada peningkatan deforestasi terkait rencana pemindahan ibu kota di Kalimantan Timur.

East Kalimantan is the location designated by President Jokowi Dodo as the new capital city of Indonesia. In terms of autonomy, the reason for moving the capital city according to the government is for the sake of equitable development. Decentralization is the idea and spirit of the founders of the state, with division of territories including their powers. This is stated in the provisions of Article 18 of the 1945 Constitution which encourage the implementation of regional autonomy in a broad and concrete manner, with the hope that disadvantaged areas can develop themselves and align themselves with other regions in order to advance welfare. The relocation of the new capital city will create new problems in this country, not only peat problems, but will result in ecological disasters. It is hoped that the relocation of the capital city will really be studied and evaluated because it will seriously threaten the sustainability of peatlands in East Kalimantan, where 0.3 million hectares are peatlands. The role of local government is very important because in its implementation in realizing good environmental governance, the ability of local governments to protect and manage the environment is needed. This study uses a qualitative research approach which is a scientific method used and carried out by a group of researchers in the field of social sciences, including education. Keywords: Peatland Restoration, Political Ecology, Respons to Indonesia Capital Relocation, Decentralization, Regional Autonomy

Indonesia is an archipelago state composed with thousands of large and small islands. Mangrove restoration got widespread attention given the high economic and social value of ecosystem ecology. Restoration may raise the value of mangrove biodiversity resources, give the livelihoods of the population, prevent damage to the beach, keepbiodiversity, fisheries, and others. This paper proposes legal frameworks to support to counteract damage to mangrove ecosystem at East Kalimantan based on Indonesian regulations.

If 150 years of continued use counts as a sustainability indicator, the river-bank agroforests in the peat landscapes of Central Kalimantan suggest solutions for current challenges. The 2015 fire season in Indonesian peatlands triggered a fire ban and peatland restoration response, prioritizing canal blocking and rewetting. However, sustainable livelihood options remain elusive. We report local ecological knowledge of soils and vegetation applied in land use choices in swiddens and agroforests in five Dayak Ngaju villages in Jabiren Raya and Kahayan Hilir subdistrict (Pulang Pisau, C. Kalimantan, Indonesia) on the banks of the Kahayan river and discuss impacts of fire-ban policies. Plots accessible from the river with no or shallow peat were traditionally preferred for swiddening, with various indicator plants and soil characteristics underpinning the choices. Without swiddening farmers depend on off-farm jobs and agroforests for income. More policy attention for non-peat riparian-zone agroforestry as part of peat landscape livelihood systems is warranted.

Sulaplax gen. nov. and Guaplax gen. nov. are established for two new species of cave-dwelling false spider crabs (Hymenosomatidae) from Muna Island, Sulawesi Tenggara, and Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia, respectively. Sulaplax ensifer spec. nov. and Guaplax denticulata spec. nov. are distinguished from each other by carapace, rostral, pereopodal, abdominal and male gonopodal characters. Sulaplax and Guaplax share with Cancrocaeca Ng, 1991, another troglobitic hymenosomatid, cave-adapted characters like reduced eyes, pale coloration and slender ambulatory legs. However, the gonopods, abdomens and egg-brooding features of Sulaplax and Guaplax are closer to those of the epigeal Neorhynchoplax Sakai, 1938, whereas those of Cancrocaeca are closer to those of the epigeal Limnopilos Chuang & Ng, 1991, and Hymenicoides Kemp, 1917. It appears that the hypogeal lifestyles of Sulaplax-Guaplax and Cancrocaeca species have resulted in many convergent characters.

Increased agricultural use of tropical peatlands has negative environmental effects. Drainage leads to landscape-wide degradation and fire risks. Livelihood strategies in peatland ecosystems have traditionally focused on transitions from riverbanks to peatland forests. Riparian ‘Kaleka’ agroforests with more than 100 years of history persist in the peatlands of Central Kalimantan (Indonesia), where large-scale open-field agricultural projects have dramatically failed. Our field study in a Dayak Ngaju village on the Kahayan river in the Pulang Pisau district involved characterizing land uses, surveying vegetation, measuring soil characteristics, and monitoring groundwater during a period of 16 months. We focused on how local practices and farmer knowledge compare with standard soil fertility (physical, chemical, biological) measurements to make meaningful assessments of risks and opportunities for sustainable land use within site-specific constraints. The Kaleka agroforests around a former settlement and sacred historical meaning are species-rich agroforests dominated by local fruit trees and rubber close to the riverbank. They function well with high wet-season groundwater tables (up to −15 cm) compatible with peatland restoration targets. Existing soil quality indices rate the soils, with low soil pH and high Alexch, as having low suitability for most annual crops, but active tree regeneration in Kaleka shows sustainability.

<p>Forest and land fire that repeatedly destroyed million hectares of peatland in Indonesia is a result of unsustainable peatland governance for many years. Rural women and men living in peatland have different experiences with forest and land fire. Intersectionality between gender and class, geographical location, and ethnicity further add nuances to these different experiences. This article explores women experiences in fighting peat forest and land fire in 3 target villages of Peat Care Village Program led by Peat Restoration Agency in Central Kalimantan and Riau. Power network that women must endure and a priori on gendered roles and responsibilities weaken women’s position in fighting peatland fire. Women do not have access to resources given to prevent and fight against forest and land fire, while in reality fire fighting activities require women’s involvement especially when it happened in their land or living space. Women experiences in facing peat forest and land fire is reflected using feminist political ecology approach to highlight the multiple impacts that women experience.</p>

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[Truncated abstract] Spontaneous plant growth and soil development occur at disturbed sites with their extent and nature being variously affected by soil fertility status, local climate and topographic conditions. Soil-plant interactions can be diverse and site-specific within a disturbed landscape. The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate soil characteristics and landscape indices in relation to natural plant growth and soil development under different conditions and for diverse materials. A comprehensive study has been carried out to evaluate spontaneous soil development and plant colonization on various regolith materials at a railway cutting near Jarrahdale bauxite mine and on various substrates comprising waste rock, weathered regolith and replaced topsoil at Scotia (Norseman, Western Australia) and Kelian (East Kalimantan, Indonesia). At Jarrahdale soil development has occurred slowly over 36 years in relation to morphological changes in surface horizons. Soils at several locations exhibit substantial changes in color, texture and structure. The slow soil development is primarily due to low biomass and litter contributions (˜1 Mg/ha) from colonizing plants (e.g. Dryandra sessilis, Eucalyptus marginata and low shrubs) on the cutting shelf and slow litter decomposition. Nutrient accumulation is up to 5 kg N/ha, and 0.5 kg/ha for P and K. Surface soil samples from Jarrahdale are generally acidic (pH < 5.1) and contain low concentrations of total soil carbon (20 g/kg) and nutrients of total nitrogen (0.73 g/kg), bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus (bic-P) (< 2 mg/kg), bic-K (37 mg/kg) and total exchangeable bases (<1.1 cmol/kg, with 24 % base saturation). Soil properties at the Scotia waste dump are mainly associated with alkaline (mean pH = 9) and saline conditions (EC1:5 = 1.01 dS/m). Exchangeable base values are high with average concentrations of exchangeable Ca of 18 cmol/kg and exchangeable Mg of 6 cmol/kg, thus these elements are not a limiting factor for plant nutrition. Patchy plant growth on the waste dump is mostly related to differences in water availability in the arid region and to salinity such that halophytes (saltbushes Maireana and Atriplex) colonize many parts of the waste dump together with some Melaleuca and Eucalyptus species

This study reports forest structure, regeneration and the soil properties from unlogged and logged forest in the Bulungan Research Forest, Malinau District, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Four sites were compared by using four 1-ha replicate plots in each of primary forest (PF), 5, 10 and 30-yr old logged forest (LF-5, LF-10, LF- 30). The tree species composition differ among forest types, as it was shown that the mean value of similarity indices for all pairs were 0.215 (for the Jaccard index) and 0.353 (for the Sorensen index). The low values for similarities among forest types were most probably caused by low numbers of species shared between each forest type. Both correlation values, r = 0.023 for Jaccard index and r = 0.031 for Sorensen index, showed no strong correlation between the similarity index (C) and the distance between forest types. This supports the use of a chronosequence approach. A total of 914 tree species with ³ 10 cm dbh were recorded from 223 genera and 65 families. There were no significant differences in mean species numbers (166 – 180/ha) among treatments. Mean density of species was lower in LF-5 and LF-10 (501/ha) than in PF or LF-30 (605/ha and 577/ha); similarly to mean basal area (LF-5, 28.5 m2/ha; LF-10, 32.6 m2/ha) vs. PF (45.8 m2/ha) and LF-30 (46.9 m2/ha). Dead wood on the forest floor was significantly higher in LF-10 (75 m3/ha) than in the other treatments. Seedlings (< 2 cm dbh) of 1,022 species were recorded from 408 genera and 111 families. The mean number of tree seedling species ranged between 170-206; the mean density of seedlings was about two-fold lower in LF-10 (2790/ha) than in the other treatments. Saplings (>2 – 9.9 cm dbh) of 802 species belonged to 241 genera and 65 families. There was a high variability in species richness across treatments (89 – 191/ha), but not in stem numbers. The Dipterocarpaceae family was dominant in all treatments, followed by the Euphorbiaceae. The soils were acidic, low in nutrients and had low to very low fertility. Both primary and logged forest areas are marginal or not suitable for sustained production of plantation crops. Logging caused soil compaction in LF-30. Although in terms of number of species and trees, amount of BA, number of saplings and seedlings LF-30 appeared to have satisfied prescriptions for a second harvest, ecologically the forest is far from mature. The Indonesian Selective Cutting and Replanting (TPTI) system may need to be revised to a 35 – 45 year cycle to ensure long-term forest productivity in terms of not only timber but other goods and ecosystem services, the value of which are never quantified in monetary terms, but can be higher than the timber revenue.